CN113207999A - Fermented bamboo powder and application of product thereof in pig production - Google Patents
Fermented bamboo powder and application of product thereof in pig production Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207999A CN113207999A CN202110554546.1A CN202110554546A CN113207999A CN 113207999 A CN113207999 A CN 113207999A CN 202110554546 A CN202110554546 A CN 202110554546A CN 113207999 A CN113207999 A CN 113207999A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to fermented bamboo powder and application of a product thereof in pig production. The invention provides application of fermented bamboo powder in improving apparent digestibility of feed nutrients, improving pork quality, improving growth performance of pigs, improving antioxidant immune function of the pigs and/or regulating growth of microorganisms in intestinal tracts of the pigs. The invention has important significance for the high-efficiency utilization of the fermented bamboo powder and the research of the replacement resources of the feed grains.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to fermented bamboo powder and application of a product thereof in pig production.
Background
The shortage of feed resources is a bottleneck problem which restricts the development of animal husbandry in China. The development and utilization of novel feed resources are important problems which need to be solved currently and in future for a long time in China.
The feed in livestock and poultry breeding accounts for about 70% of the production cost, and the feed affects about 15% of the breeding production performance, so how to reasonably prepare the feed for improving the growth speed and the immunity of the livestock and poultry is very important. The microbial fermented feed has the effects of improving the digestion and absorption of animals to feed nutrient substances and improving the growth of the animals, so the fermented feed has wide application prospect in the production of livestock and poultry.
Bamboo resources are an important component of the land forest ecosystem. Wide distribution, fast growth, high yield, strong regeneration capability, wide application and good economic, ecological and social benefits, and becomes an important component of forest resources in the world. Chinese plain is called bamboo kingdom and has abundant bamboo resources. With the progress of society and the improvement of technology level, the bamboo industry in China has formed a new industry from resource cultivation and processing trade to export trade, becomes an economic support of a bamboo-producing area, and also becomes a new economic growth point in the development of forestry in China. But a large amount of adult bamboos are not reasonably developed and utilized in time, so that resource waste is caused.
At present, bamboo is used as a raw material to be applied to feed, but the specific efficacy and effect of bamboo-related raw materials, especially fermented bamboo powder, in livestock and poultry breeding are rarely reported. Therefore, the specific application of the fermented bamboo powder in livestock and poultry breeding is explored, and the method has important significance for the efficient utilization of the fermented bamboo powder and the research on feed grain substitute resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides fermented bamboo powder and application of products thereof in pig production. The invention discovers that the fermented bamboo powder has the effects of obviously improving multiple indexes of pig growth, meat quality and the like. Therefore, the fermented bamboo powder can be used as a safe, healthy and cheap alternative resource for animal feed, and the economic benefit of livestock and poultry breeding is increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to provide application of the fermented bamboo powder in improving apparent digestibility of feed nutrients, improving pork quality, improving growth performance of pigs, improving anti-oxidation immunity of the pigs and/or regulating and controlling growth of microorganisms in intestinal tracts of the pigs.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the product containing the fermented bamboo powder in improving the pork quality, the pig growth performance, the pig oxidation resistance immunity performance and/or regulating and controlling the growth of microorganisms in the intestinal tract of the pig.
Further, the products containing the fermented bamboo powder include, but are not limited to, feeds containing the fermented bamboo powder, additive compositions containing the fermented bamboo powder, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the fermented bamboo powder.
Further, the fermented bamboo powder-containing feed includes, but is not limited to, the following components: fermented bamboo powder, corn, wheat bran, corn distillers' grains, soybean meal, calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, calcium formate, sodium chloride, choline chloride, lysine, methionine, threonine, compound enzyme and premix;
preferably, the mass ratio of the fermented bamboo powder, the corn, the wheat bran, the corn distillers' grains, the soybean meal, the calcium hydrophosphate, the mountain flour, the calcium formate, the sodium chloride, the choline chloride, the lysine, the methionine, the threonine, the complex enzyme and the premix is 1-15: 60-65: 5-15: 3-10: 10-15: 0.8-1.5: 0.5-1.2: 0.3-1.0: 0.01-0.2: 0.1-0.4: 0.01-0.05: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.04: 0.5-1.5.
Further, the above-mentioned improvement of pork quality specifically includes increasing juice loss, shear force, pH value, flesh color L value and b value, backfat thickness, reducing the pressure loss rate, and reducing flesh color a value.
Further, the pig growth performance is improved, specifically, the terminal weight, the weight gain and the daily average weight gain of the fattening pig are increased, and the feed-weight ratio is reduced.
Further, the improvement of the anti-oxidation immune function of the pig specifically comprises the improvement of the number of red blood cells, the content of hemoglobin and the number of lymphocytes in blood, the improvement of the content of IgG and IgA in blood, and the reduction of the content of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein in serum.
Further, the regulation and control of the growth of microorganisms in the pig intestines comprise the regulation and control of species and quantity of the intestinal microorganisms.
Furthermore, the fermented bamboo powder can improve the abundance of Firmicutes species in the intestinal tracts of the fattening pigs and reduce the abundance of Spirochaetes species.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the fermented bamboo powder is added into the feed, so that the terminal weight, the weight gain and the daily average weight gain of the pigs can be increased, and the feed-weight ratio is reduced; the apparent digestibility of dry substances, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, total phosphorus and total energy in the feed is improved; simultaneously, the addition of the fermented bamboo powder can also improve the number of red blood cells, the content of hemoglobin and the number of lymphocytes in blood, reduce the content of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein in serum, improve the content of IgG and IgA in blood and effectively enhance the oxidation resistance and the immunity of a pig body; the feed containing the fermented bamboo powder is fed, so that the pork quality is more chewy, the meat color is brighter, and the water retention capacity of the meat is stronger; in addition, the fermented bamboo powder can also inhibit the proliferation of spirochete microorganisms in pig intestinal tracts, enhance the utilization of energy of pigs and increase the species diversity and species abundance of intestinal microorganisms.
The invention provides the specific application of the fermented bamboo powder in pig production, and lays a favorable foundation for the efficient utilization of the fermented bamboo powder in animal production and the development of feed resources.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the amino acid content of longissimus dorsi in pigs;
FIG. 2 is a histogram of portal horizontal species distribution;
FIG. 3 is a species distribution differential analysis of the gate level Top 5;
FIG. 4 shows the alpha-diversity of intestinal microorganisms of two fattening pigs;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an analysis of PCOA.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The fermented bamboo powder can be prepared by a conventional fermentation method, and comprises the following preparation methods:
removing dirt on the surface of the bamboo wood, and crushing the bamboo wood; adding 0.5% (mass ratio) anaerobic fermentation bacteria agent, stirring, sealing and fermenting for 7 days; and after fermentation, drying and powdering to obtain the fertilizer.
The anaerobic bacteria agent comprises lactobacillus, bacillus and trichoderma.
Examples
Feed containing 5% of fermented bamboo powder, in terms of 100kg of production:
adding the fermented bamboo powder and other feed raw materials into a feed mixer according to a certain proportion, mixing for 6 minutes to uniformly mix the raw materials, and packaging and then directly feeding.
36 Duroc x Changbai x Dabai ternary hybrid castrated boars (weight 95kg +/-2 kg) with similar sizes are selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, namely a control group and a test group, wherein each group comprises 3 replicates and each replicate comprises 6 pigs. The test group is added with the feed containing 5 percent of fermented bamboo powder; the control group feed does not contain the fermented bamboo powder, and other components are the same as the components of the test group feed; the amounts of lysine, threonine and egg + cysteine added to each group of feed were adjusted to approximate the levels of these three essential amino acids for each group. The test period is 44 days, the pellet is fed, and the food and the water are freely taken. The influence of the fermented bamboo powder on the growth performance of pigs, the digestibility of feed nutrients, the oxidation resistance, the immunity, the pork quality, the longissimus dorsi amino acid of the pigs and intestinal microorganisms is researched.
1) Influence of fermented bamboo powder on growth performance of fattening pig
As shown in table 1, there was no significant difference between the initial body weights of the two groups of pigs. The final weight, the weight gain and the daily average weight gain of the pigs in the fermented bamboo powder added group are all higher than those in the control group (P is less than 0.05). Compared with the control group, the addition of the fermented bamboo powder increases the feed intake to a certain extent. The material weight ratio of the test group is significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05).
TABLE 1 influence of the addition of fermented bamboo powder on the growth performance of fattening pigs
Note:1the number of repeats per group is 6. The difference between the shoulder marks and the lower case letters in the same row data is obvious (P)<0.05); is not markedThe clear letters indicate that the difference is not significant. The same applies below.
2) Influence of fermented bamboo powder on digestibility of nutrients of fattening pig feed
The influence of the addition of the fermented bamboo powder on the apparent digestibility of the main nutrients of the fattening pigs is shown in table 2. Compared with the control group, the dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium and total energy digestibility of the test group are all obviously higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05).
Table 2 influence of addition of fermented bamboo powder on digestibility of nutrients in fattening pig feed
3) Influence of fermented bamboo powder on blood index of fattening pig
The influence of the addition of the fermented bamboo powder on the conventional indexes of the blood of the fattening pigs is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 influence of addition of fermented bamboo powder on the routine of fattening pig blood
As shown in table 3, the test group significantly decreased the platelet count, neutrophil count and monocyte count (P <0.05), and the red blood cell count, hemoglobin content and lymphocyte count (P >0.05) in the blood, compared to the control group.
The results of the effect of the addition of the fermented bamboo powder on the biochemical indicators of the blood of the fattening pigs are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of different addition amounts of fermented bamboo powder on biochemical indexes of blood of fattening pig
As shown in Table 4, the test group reduced the content of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in serum compared with the control group, which indicates that the addition of the fermented bamboo powder increased the antioxidant capacity of the body to a certain extent, the test group significantly reduced the contents of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein in blood (P <0.05), and the contents of total protein and glucose were significantly increased (P < 0.05).
4) Influence of fermented bamboo powder on blood immunity index of fattening pig
The results of the effect of the fermented bamboo powder on the immunity index of the fattening pigs are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 influence of fermented bamboo powder on the immunological index of fattening pig
As shown in table 5, the IgA content of the porcine blood of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The blood IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma content of the test group pigs is lower than that of the control group (P > 0.05).
5) Influence of fermented bamboo powder on meat quality of fattening pig
The influence of the addition of the fermented bamboo powder on the carcass performance and meat quality of the fattening pigs is shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 influence of the addition of fermented bamboo powder on the quality of the meat of fattening pigs
As can be seen from table 6, compared to the control group, the test group had increased the loss of sap, shear force, pH, flesh color L (flesh color lightness), b (flesh color yellowness), and back fat thickness, and decreased the pressure loss rate and flesh color a value, in which the flesh color L value and flesh color b value of the test group were significantly increased (P <0.05), and the pressure loss rate was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The pork color is brighter after the fermented bamboo powder is added into the feed, the water binding capacity of the pork is stronger, and the taste is more chewy.
6) Influence of fermented bamboo powder on amino acid content of longissimus dorsi of fattening pig
As can be seen from FIG. 1, after the fermented bamboo powder is added into the feed, the fermented bamboo powder has no significant influence on the essential amino acids (threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine) in the longissimus dorsi of the fattening pigs (P >0.05), and the flavor amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid) have no significant difference (P > 0.05).
7) Influence of fermented bamboo powder on intestinal microorganisms of fattening pigs
As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, after the fermented bamboo powder is added into the feed, the species abundance of Firmicutes in the intestinal tract of the fattening pig can be remarkably improved, the species abundance of Bacteroidetes in the intestinal tract is not affected, and the species abundance of Spirochaetes is remarkably reduced. Researches show that the ratio of firmicutes to bacteroidetes is increased, which is beneficial to energy utilization and fat accumulation, and the addition of the fermented bamboo powder is beneficial to fat accumulation of fattening pigs, and the fermented bamboo powder can promote intestinal microorganisms to digest fibers, increase energy supply and promote organisms to utilize redundant energy.
Alpha diversity reflects species abundance and species diversity, with the indicators of the Chao1, Ace, Shannon and Simpson scales. The Chao1 and Ace indices measure the number of species, the Shannon and Simpson indices are used to measure the species diversity, and the larger the Shannon and Simpson indices, the higher the species diversity of the sample. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the shannon index and the simpson index of the test group are both improved compared with the control group, which indicates that the addition of the fermented bamboo powder is beneficial to the increase of species of intestinal microorganisms and the increase of diversity, and the ace index and the chao1 index of the test group are significantly higher than those of the control group (P is less than 0.05), which indicates that the number of the intestinal microorganisms of the fattening pigs added with the fermented bamboo powder is significantly increased.
A Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) which is a common analysis method for biological clustering analysis is a dimension reduction sorting method, and classification of multiple samples can be realized through Principal coordinates analysis, so that differences in species diversity among samples are further shown, and the closer the samples are on a coordinate graph, the greater the similarity is. As shown in FIG. 5, the cross area of the microbial composition of the control group and the test group was small, indicating that the microbial composition of the control group and the test group was greatly different from each other, and the difference in the intestinal tract regulatory function of the microorganisms was also large.
In conclusion, the pig feed containing the fermented bamboo powder increases the terminal weight, the weight gain and the daily average weight gain of the pig and reduces the feed-weight ratio. The daily average feed intake of the fattening pigs in the whole test period is increased by 0.02kg by adding the fermented bamboo powder feed, the average body weight is increased by 1.54kg, the average daily gain is increased by 0.03kg, and the feed-weight ratio is reduced by 0.13; the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, total phosphorus and total energy is respectively improved by 4.95%, 5.58%, 10.39%, 19.83%, 16.16%, 2.78% and 5.21%; simultaneously, the red blood cell number, the hemoglobin content and the lymphocyte number in blood are improved, the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, the cholesterol content, the triglyceride content and the high-density lipoprotein content (P is less than 0.05) in serum are reduced, the IgG and IgA content (P is less than 0.05) in blood is improved, and the oxidation resistance and the immunity of an organism are enhanced; the meat quality is more flexible, the meat color is brighter, and the water binding capacity of the meat is stronger; after the fermented bamboo powder is added, the contents of essential amino acid and flavor amino acid of human body in the longissimus dorsi have no significant difference (P is more than 0.05); the fermented bamboo powder feed inhibits the proliferation of spirochete microorganisms, enhances the utilization of organisms to energy, and increases the species diversity and species abundance of intestinal microorganisms.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The fermented bamboo powder is applied to improving apparent digestibility of feed nutrients, improving pork quality, improving growth performance of pigs, improving oxidation resistance and immunity of the pigs and/or regulating and controlling growth of microorganisms in intestinal tracts of the pigs.
2. The product containing the fermented bamboo powder is applied to improving the pork quality, the pig growth performance, the pig oxidation resistance immunity and/or regulating and controlling the growth of microorganisms in the intestinal tract of the pig.
3. Use according to claim 2, wherein the product containing the fermented bamboo powder comprises: feed containing fermented bamboo powder, additive composition containing fermented bamboo powder and medicinal composition containing fermented bamboo powder.
4. Use according to claim 3, wherein the feed comprises the following components: fermented bamboo powder, corn, wheat bran, corn distillers' grains, soybean meal, calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, calcium formate, sodium chloride, choline chloride, lysine, methionine, threonine, complex enzyme and premix;
preferably, the mass ratio of the fermented bamboo powder, the corn, the wheat bran, the corn distillers' grains, the soybean meal, the calcium hydrophosphate, the mountain flour, the calcium formate, the sodium chloride, the choline chloride, the lysine, the methionine, the threonine, the complex enzyme and the premix is 1-15: 60-65: 5-15: 3-10: 10-15: 0.8-1.5: 0.5-1.2: 0.3-1.0: 0.01-0.2: 0.1-0.4: 0.01-0.05: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.04: 0.5-1.5.
5. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the improvement of pork quality comprises, in particular, an increase in loss of sap, shear, pH, flesh color L and b, backfat thickness, a decrease in loss of water under pressure, and a decrease in flesh color a.
6. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said improvement of pig growth performance, in particular comprises an increase in terminal weight, weight gain and daily average weight gain of fattening pigs, a reduction in the feed-to-weight ratio.
7. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the improvement of the antioxidative immune performance of pigs comprises the improvement of the number of red blood cells, the hemoglobin content and the lymphocyte content in blood, the improvement of the IgG and IgA content in blood, and the reduction of the alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol content, triglyceride content and high density lipoprotein content in serum.
8. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said regulation of microbial growth in the porcine intestine comprises regulation of species and numbers of gut microbes.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein the fermented bamboo powder can increase the species abundance of Firmicutes in the intestines of fattening pigs and decrease the species abundance of Spirochaetes.
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