CN106576915A - Method for planting oyster mushrooms by using corncobs and straws - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting oyster mushrooms by using corncobs and straws. The method is characterized in that a process of a cultivation method comprises preparation of a culture medium, bagging of nourishment, sterilization and cooling, inoculation, mycelium culture, cultivation management, prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage, harvesting management and post-harvest treatment. The culture medium is prepared from the following components in parts by mass according to a formula: 15 to 30 parts of the corncobs, 60 to 80 parts of saw dust, 2 to 5 parts of corn meal, 0.5 to 2 parts of quick lime, 2 to 10 parts of bran, 0.5 to 2 parts of a water-retaining agent, 0.5 to 2 parts of water and 0.1 part of carbendazim. The process further comprises material mixing: preparing all the raw materials according to the formula of the culture medium and the mass parts, and uniformly mixing and stirring the various materials, wherein the moisture content of the culture medium is 63 to 65 percent, and the PH value is 8.0 to 8.5.

Description

A kind of method that utilization corncob with straw plants flat mushroom

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of plantation flat mushroom, particularly a kind of side of utilization corncob with straw plantation flat mushroom Method.

Background technology

Flat mushroom, is the species of Agaricales Pleurotaceae one under Basidiomycota, the large-scale wood destroying fungi of category, cultivar point low form, Multiple types such as middle warm type, high temperature modification, wide warm type, cultivation is done in the proper way can whole year production.Flat mushroom contains abundant nutriment, per hectogram In product 20-23 containing protein gram, and aminoacid ingredient is complete, and content of mineral substances very abundant, amino acid classes are complete.It is big A kind of edible fungus variety that many consumers generally like, so its market prospects is very good.

Traditional flat mushroom produces implantation methods：Test tube stock → prepare original seed → prepare cultigen → selection raw material → raw material Process → pack → high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization → access cultigen → culture mycelia → go out mushroom rod → management of producing mushroom.Wherein, go out Inoculate flow process when mushroom rod prepares link are mostly first to open at Bag Material two, are then respectively connected to bacterial classification, and mycelium germination is extremely It is along charge level slowly material feeding, so the long purseful of mycelia needs 1～2 month during material feeding.And bacterium rod management fruiting link is most It is that bacterium rod is built into into wall, in management fruiting.

At present, according to the difference of raw materials for production, the biological transformation ratio of flat mushroom maintains 150～300%.

The content of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is exactly to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide brand-new utilization corncob with straw plantation and put down The method of mushroom.Specifically include：

The flow process of cultural method is：Culture medium prepare, nutriment pack, sterilizing cooling, inoculation, cultural hypha, cultivation management, The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, harvesting management, postharvest handling；

1) culture medium is prepared：The formula and its mass fraction of culture medium be：Corncob 15-30 parts, wood chip 60-80 parts, jade Ground rice 2-5 parts, quick lime 0.5-2 parts, wheat bran 2-10 parts, water-loss reducer 0.5-2 parts, water 0.5-2 parts, 0.1 part of carbendazim；Spice： Every raw material are got out by culture medium prescription and its mass fraction, the mixing of various material is mixed thoroughly, moisture content in medium is in 63%- 65%, pH value is 8.0-8.5；

2), composting, fermentation：By Compost into wide 1.1-1.3m, high 1.1-1.3m, the stockpile that length is not limited, stockpile Try one's best loose concentration.Heap gets through pore from the through bottom even in heap top after finishing with wooden stick, and pitch-row 20-25cm is finally upper to cover Agricultural film is incubated.Start turning when temperature reaches 55 DEG C in material, turned over once every 3 days later, 3 times are turned over altogether.After fermentation ends Scattered heap cooling before sowing, and adjust acid-base value 4-5.5 with pulverized limestone；

3) nutriment pack：Culture medium punching type sack filling machine is dispensed in polypropylene plastics pocket；Per packed wet feed 1250g- 1350g；Polypropylene plastics pocket should meet the regulation of GB9688；The polypropylene plastics pocket of charged is put into the collar, becomes cultivation Bag；Go out cultivating bag cotton beyond the Great Wall, cover moisture-proofing film, move on to sterilizing position and stack, be warming up to 120 DEG C, insulation 12-16 hours are gone out Bacterium；Cooling：Cultivating bag after sterilizing is moved on to into clean cooling position and is cooled to less than 28 DEG C；

4) it is inoculated with：It is inoculated with cultigen；The cell age of bacterial classification is 5-9 days after mycelia purseful；Inoculation should be in strict accordance with aseptic behaviour Carry out as code, be inoculated with using ten thousand grades of air filtrations；40 bag cultivating bags are connect per bag cultivating kind；

5) cultural hypha：Culturing room should in advance use bleaching powder cleaning and sterilizing, bleaching powder 100g, water 12Kg；Will be postvaccinal The culture that cultivating bag is placed on dark is indoor, and temperature is maintained at 22 DEG C -25 DEG C；Relative air humidity 30%-50%；Mycelia will be covered with Cultivating bag cultivate 10 days under the conditions of 23 DEG C -26 DEG C, make cell age reach -60 days 55 days；

6) cultivation management：Treat step 5) after the completion of, the collar and cotton are taken down, aging bacterium block is removed, sack keeps removing The nature of cultivating bag after cotton, then drops to 10 DEG C -19 DEG C by the temperature cultivated extremely, and with fluorescent lamp illumination, illumination are increased Require：800-1000lux, irradiates 8-10 hours, stimulates fruit-body formation；After long fruiting flower bud；Carry out dredging flower bud, dredge flower bud control 2 Pieces -3, select to the circular mushroom flower bud of sack elongation, mushroom lid；Open triangle osculum in bag bottom, it is desirable to be opened near small mushroom bud, wait bag Bottom mushroom flower bud differentiation dredges flower bud once again when obvious, controls every bag 2；Moisture management：The relative air humidity of culturing room is in 45- 65%；Ventilating management：Sooner or later respectively once, -6 minutes 4 minutes every time；Temperature treatment：The temperature control of culturing room during fruiting At 14-17 DEG C, the temperature control of culturing room is at 10 DEG C -13 DEG C when the later stage is ripe；

7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：To the living contaminants occurred in incubation, removing in time is given；

8) harvesting management：Mycelia purseful 1 week or so, there is the yellow globule, as fruiting tendency in sack, when several batches of mushrooms of harvesting Afterwards, when expecting interior moisture loss and serious nutrient consumption, timely moisturizing, method is that charge level is peelled off into 3cm, is pricked with bamboo let or reinforcing bar 4-5 aperture, is put in water or nutrient solution (0.3-0.4% urea, 0.5-1% sucrose, 0.3% -0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) In, 12-16 hours are soaked, make moisture increase to 80-90% of original weight or so, again bacteria fruiting；

9) postharvest handling：Precooling in 2 DEG C of -5 DEG C of freezers is put into after pleurotus eryngii harvesting, per basket is staggered and stacks during precooling；State Interior market sale wants precooling 4 hours, and foreign markets want precooling more than 8 hours；Cut head is carried out under the conditions of 18 DEG C, is pruned not Clean epidermis and arrangement mushroom shape；It is classified during mushroom is cut, mushroom bodies at different levels require mushroom lid roundings, mushroom body is uniform, fresh, It is pure white；Dispensed using polypropylene knuckle polybag, vacuumize and tighten sack and be moved into being preserved in 0 DEG C of freezer.

The step 7) in the concrete grammar of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control be：Easily there is the green of living contaminants in Initial stage of culture compost Trichoderma, Neurospora, mould, should sort out in time；There is local living contaminants in late stage of culture compost bottom, continue to continue to employ Mushroom；Culture middle and later periods compost finds insect pest, should remove in time；In plum rain season, the red chain spore of hot and humid easy generation is encountered Mould pollution, should in time remove culturing room and be burnt or sterilized again.

The water-loss reducer includes additive and adhesive, and wherein additive is soluble starch and corncob pyrolysis powder, is glued Mixture includes cyclodextrin and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and described adhesive is 1-6 with the weight of additive:1, the ring paste Essence is 0.5-3 with the weight of sodium carboxymethylcellulose:1.

In traditional flat mushroom production process, because water and nutrient is insufficient, there is the phenomenon of early ripe in fructification.By reality The present invention is applied, due to moisture, the abundance of nutrient, button is prevented because of moisture, the insufficient supply of nutrient, into the low phenomenon of mushroom rate, Button into mushroom rate rises to 100% by the 15% of common process.Meanwhile, fructification can be in sufficient moisture, the bar of nutrient Under part, grow unrestricted, unrestrainedly, stem is thicker, cap is thickening, change is big, therefore the more conventional technology of yield can at double very To more than ten times of raising.

Flat mushroom batch production, intensive, large-scale production are especially suitable for by implementing the present invention, are worth promoting.

Specific embodiment

Hereinafter the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail；It should be appreciated that preferred embodiment is only for saying The bright present invention, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention.

Embodiment 1

1) culture medium is prepared：The formula and its mass fraction of culture medium be：Corncob 15-30 parts, wood chip 60-80 parts, jade Ground rice 2-5 parts, quick lime 0.5-2 parts, wheat bran 2-10 parts, water-loss reducer 0.5-2 parts, water 0.5-2 parts, 0.1 part of carbendazim；Spice： Every raw material are got out by culture medium prescription and its mass fraction, the mixing of various material is mixed thoroughly, moisture content in medium is in 63%- 65%, pH value is 8.0-8.5；

2), composting, fermentation：By Compost into wide 1.1-1.3m, high 1.1-1.3m, the stockpile that length is not limited, stockpile Try one's best loose concentration.Heap gets through pore from the through bottom even in heap top after finishing with wooden stick, and pitch-row 20-25cm is finally upper to cover Agricultural film is incubated.Start turning when temperature reaches 55 DEG C in material, turned over once every 3 days later, 3 times are turned over altogether.After fermentation ends Scattered heap cooling before sowing, and adjust acid-base value 4-5.5 with pulverized limestone；

3) nutriment pack：Culture medium punching type sack filling machine is dispensed in polypropylene plastics pocket；Per packed wet feed 1250g- 1350g；Polypropylene plastics pocket should meet the regulation of GB9688；The polypropylene plastics pocket of charged is put into the collar, becomes cultivation Bag；Go out cultivating bag cotton beyond the Great Wall, cover moisture-proofing film, move on to sterilizing position and stack, be warming up to 120 DEG C, insulation 12-16 hours are gone out Bacterium；Cooling：Cultivating bag after sterilizing is moved on to into clean cooling position and is cooled to less than 28 DEG C；

4) it is inoculated with：It is inoculated with cultigen；The cell age of bacterial classification is 5-9 days after mycelia purseful；Inoculation should be in strict accordance with aseptic behaviour Carry out as code, be inoculated with using ten thousand grades of air filtrations；40 bag cultivating bags are connect per bag cultivating kind；

5) cultural hypha：Culturing room should in advance use bleaching powder cleaning and sterilizing, bleaching powder 100g, water 12Kg；Will be postvaccinal The culture that cultivating bag is placed on dark is indoor, and temperature is maintained at 22 DEG C -25 DEG C；Relative air humidity 30%-50%；Mycelia will be covered with Cultivating bag cultivate 10 days under the conditions of 23 DEG C -26 DEG C, make cell age reach -60 days 55 days；

6) cultivation management：Treat step 5) after the completion of, the collar and cotton are taken down, aging bacterium block is removed, sack keeps removing The nature of cultivating bag after cotton, then drops to 10 DEG C -19 DEG C by the temperature cultivated extremely, and with fluorescent lamp illumination, illumination are increased Require：800-1000lux, irradiates 8-10 hours, stimulates fruit-body formation；After long fruiting flower bud；Carry out dredging flower bud, dredge flower bud control 2 Pieces -3, select to the circular mushroom flower bud of sack elongation, mushroom lid；Open triangle osculum in bag bottom, it is desirable to be opened near small mushroom bud, wait bag Bottom mushroom flower bud differentiation dredges flower bud once again when obvious, controls every bag 2；Moisture management：The relative air humidity of culturing room is in 45- 65%；Ventilating management：Sooner or later respectively once, -6 minutes 4 minutes every time；Temperature treatment：The temperature control of culturing room during fruiting At 14-17 DEG C, the temperature control of culturing room is at 10 DEG C -13 DEG C when the later stage is ripe；

7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：To the living contaminants occurred in incubation, removing in time is given；

8) harvesting management：Mycelia purseful 1 week or so, there is the yellow globule, as fruiting tendency in sack, when several batches of mushrooms of harvesting Afterwards, when expecting interior moisture loss and serious nutrient consumption, timely moisturizing, method is that charge level is peelled off into 3cm, is pricked with bamboo let or reinforcing bar 4-5 aperture, is put in water or nutrient solution (0.3-0.4% urea, 0.5-1% sucrose, 0.3% -0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) In, 12-16 hours are soaked, make moisture increase to 80-90% of original weight or so, again bacteria fruiting；

9) postharvest handling：Precooling in 2 DEG C of -5 DEG C of freezers is put into after pleurotus eryngii harvesting, per basket is staggered and stacks during precooling；State Interior market sale wants precooling 4 hours, and foreign markets want precooling more than 8 hours；Cut head is carried out under the conditions of 18 DEG C, is pruned not Clean epidermis and arrangement mushroom shape；It is classified during mushroom is cut, mushroom bodies at different levels require mushroom lid roundings, mushroom body is uniform, fresh, It is pure white；Dispensed using polypropylene knuckle polybag, vacuumize and tighten sack and be moved into being preserved in 0 DEG C of freezer.

The step 7) in the concrete grammar of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control be：Easily there is the green of living contaminants in Initial stage of culture compost Trichoderma, Neurospora, mould, should sort out in time；There is local living contaminants in late stage of culture compost bottom, continue to continue to employ Mushroom；Culture middle and later periods compost finds insect pest, should remove in time；In plum rain season, the red chain spore of hot and humid easy generation is encountered Mould pollution, should in time remove culturing room and be burnt or sterilized again.

The water-loss reducer includes additive and adhesive, and wherein additive is soluble starch and corncob pyrolysis powder, is glued Mixture includes cyclodextrin and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and described adhesive is 1-6 with the weight of additive:1, the ring paste Essence is 0.5-3 with the weight of sodium carboxymethylcellulose:1.

During pleurotus eryngii mycelium germination and sporophore growth, bacterial contamination rate reduces by 50%；Selenium nutrition-intensified group of head Damp mushroom yield is than common cultivation group output increased 30%；Total Se content is 0.15～0.35mg/kg in selenium-rich pleurotus eryngii fructification, It it is 8～18 times of common cultivation group, wherein the selenium existed in various seleno-amino acids forms accounts for the 80% of total selenium；Fructification is whole In individual growth cycle, relative standard deviation RSD of selenium content can be strict controlled within 10%, and fluctuation is far below common cultivation (RSD is 80%) and do not possess (RSD is 40%) pleurotus eryngii that the additive of different grain size proportioning feature is cultivated；Same stage Selenium content is more stable in entity, and RSD is below 5%.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of method that utilization corncob with straw plants flat mushroom, it is characterised in that：The flow process of described cultural method is：Training Foster basigamy system, nutriment pack, sterilizing cooling, inoculation, cultural hypha, cultivation management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, harvesting manage, adopt after place Reason；

1) culture medium is prepared：The formula and its mass fraction of culture medium be：Corncob 15-30 parts, wood chip 60-80 parts, corn flour 2-5 parts, quick lime 0.5-2 parts, wheat bran 2-10 parts, water-loss reducer 0.5-2 parts, water 0.5-2 parts, 0.1 part of carbendazim；Spice：By training Foster based formulas and its mass fraction get out every raw material, and the mixing of various material is mixed thoroughly, and moisture content in medium is in 63%- 65%, pH value is 8.0-8.5；

2), composting, fermentation：By Compost into wide 1.1-1.3m, high 1.1-1.3m, the stockpile that length is not limited, stockpile will use up Measure loose concentration.Heap gets through pore with wooden stick after finishing from the through bottom even in heap top, and pitch-row 20-25cm finally goes up lid agricultural film Insulation.Start turning when temperature reaches 55 DEG C in material, turned over once every 3 days later, 3 times are turned over altogether.Sow after fermentation ends Front scattered heap cooling, and adjust acid-base value 4-5.5 with pulverized limestone；

3) nutriment pack：Culture medium punching type sack filling machine is dispensed in polypropylene plastics pocket；Per packed wet feed 1250g- 1350g；Polypropylene plastics pocket should meet the regulation of GB9688；The polypropylene plastics pocket of charged is put into the collar, becomes cultivation Bag；Go out cultivating bag cotton beyond the Great Wall, cover moisture-proofing film, move on to sterilizing position and stack, be warming up to 120 DEG C, insulation 12-16 hours are gone out Bacterium；Cooling：Cultivating bag after sterilizing is moved on to into clean cooling position and is cooled to less than 28 DEG C；

4) it is inoculated with：It is inoculated with cultigen；The cell age of bacterial classification is 5-9 days after mycelia purseful；Inoculation should be advised in strict accordance with sterile working Cheng Jinhang, is inoculated with using ten thousand grades of air filtrations；40 bag cultivating bags are connect per bag cultivating kind；

5) cultural hypha：Culturing room should in advance use bleaching powder cleaning and sterilizing, bleaching powder 100g, water 12Kg；By postvaccinal cultivation The culture that bag is placed on dark is indoor, and temperature is maintained at 22 DEG C -25 DEG C；Relative air humidity 30%-50%；The cultivation of mycelia will be covered with Training bag is cultivated 10 days under the conditions of 23 DEG C -26 DEG C, makes cell age reach -60 days 55 days；

6) cultivation management：Treat step 5) after the completion of, the collar and cotton are taken down, aging bacterium block is removed, sack keeps removing cotton Afterwards the nature of cultivating bag, then drops to 10 DEG C -19 DEG C by the temperature cultivated extremely, and with fluorescent lamp illumination, illumination requirement are increased： 800-1000lux, irradiates 8-10 hours, stimulates fruit-body formation；After long fruiting flower bud；Carry out dredging flower bud, dredge flower bud and control 2-3 Piece, select to the circular mushroom flower bud of sack elongation, mushroom lid；Open triangle osculum in bag bottom, it is desirable to be opened near small mushroom bud, wait a bag bottom mushroom Flower bud is dredged when flower bud differentiation is obvious once again, control every bag 2；Moisture management：The relative air humidity of culturing room is in 45-65%； Ventilating management：Sooner or later respectively once, -6 minutes 4 minutes every time；Temperature treatment：The temperature control of culturing room is in 14- during fruiting 17 DEG C, the temperature control of culturing room is at 10 DEG C -13 DEG C when the later stage is ripe；

7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：To the living contaminants occurred in incubation, removing in time is given；

8) harvesting management：Mycelia purseful 1 week or so, there is the yellow globule, as fruiting tendency in sack, after several batches of mushrooms are harvested, When the interior moisture loss of material and serious nutrient consumption, timely moisturizing, method is that charge level is peelled off into 3cm, with bamboo let or reinforcing bar 4-5 is pricked Individual aperture, be put in water or nutrient solution (0.3-0.4% urea, 0.5-1% sucrose, 0.3% -0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) in, Immersion 12-16 hours, make moisture increase to 80-90% of original weight or so, again bacteria fruiting；

9) postharvest handling：Precooling in 2 DEG C of -5 DEG C of freezers is put into after pleurotus eryngii harvesting, per basket is staggered and stacks during precooling；Domestic city Field sale wants precooling 4 hours, and foreign markets want precooling more than 8 hours；Cut head is carried out under the conditions of 18 DEG C, unclean table of pruning Skin and arrangement mushroom shape；It is classified during mushroom is cut, mushroom bodies at different levels require mushroom lid rounding, mushroom body is uniform, fresh, clean In vain；Dispensed using polypropylene knuckle polybag, vacuumize and tighten sack and be moved into being preserved in 0 DEG C of freezer.

2. the method that utilization corncob with straw according to claim 1 plants flat mushroom, it is characterised in that：The step 7) The concrete grammar of the middle prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is：Easily there is Trichoderma viride, Neurospora, the green grass or young crops of living contaminants in Initial stage of culture compost It is mould, should sort out in time；There is local living contaminants in late stage of culture compost bottom, continue to continue to employ fruiting；The culture of culture middle and later periods Material finds insect pest, should remove in time；In plum rain season, hot and humid easy generation Neurospora pollution is encountered, should remove in time Culturing room is simultaneously burnt or is sterilized again.

3. the method that utilization corncob with straw according to claim 1 plants flat mushroom, it is characterised in that：The water-loss reducer Including additive and adhesive, wherein additive is soluble starch and corncob pyrolysis powder, and adhesive includes cyclodextrin and carboxylic Sodium carboxymethylcellulose pyce, described adhesive is 1-6 with the weight of additive:1, the cyclodextrin and sodium carboxymethylcellulose Weight be 0.5-3:1.