CN106576873A

CN106576873A - Across-genre cycle planting and breeding method

Info

Publication number: CN106576873A
Application number: CN201710006896.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谭肇柳; 谭尚聪
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-01-05
Filing date: 2017-01-05
Publication date: 2017-04-26

Abstract

The invention relates to an across-genre cycle planting and breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting and breeding. Aquatic products are bred in a fishpond; agricultural products are planted at the bottom of the fishpond after water is completely removed; breeding of the aquatic products and planting of the agricultural products are performed circularly in alternation of wet and dry conditions; from sowing to harvesting, watering, fertilizing and pesticide spraying are not required; the planting season is preferably winter every year while the breeding seasons are spring, summer and autumn preferably; food supply and water sterilization are not required in the breeding period for the aquatic products; residual food debris and discharged excrement in the breeding of the aquatic products can supply sufficient fertilizers to the planting of the agricultural products, while the planting of the agricultural products supplies enough food to the aquatic products so as to realize the across-genre cycle planting and breeding; breeding of the aquatic products and the planting of the agricultural products are performed circularly in alternation of wet and dry conditions, so that the fishpond is high in utilization rate; high-quality organic vegetables are planted; good-quality pollution-free aquatic products are bred; in addition, environmental pollution is avoided; and therefore, the across-genre cycle planting and breeding method provides a beneficial, reproducible and animated sample on the aspect of sustainable rural development maintenance.

Description

A kind of across body circulation breeding method

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural production breeding technical field, specifically refers to a kind of across body circulation breeding method.

Background technology

In the vast rural area of China, peasant during Planting Crops, during general fertilising useization is required in farmland Fertilizer, because the fertility of farm manure is not enough and high cost, except needing agricultural chemicals during insect pest, and due to the resistance to the action of a drug of insect, agricultural chemicals makes With more and more, Planting Crops are also required to water source irrigation, and the crops residual harmful substance for thus harvesting does not reach regulation Sanitary standard, if things go on like this, for the body of people causes irreversible murder by poisoning.In fact, peasant is to be forced to use chemical fertilizer Agricultural chemicals, because fertilizer and pesticide is also required to purchase of spending, but do not do that, harvest can be greatly decreased, and farming cost is greatly increased, Cause Planting Crops to be lost money when serious, the country had some areas to occur farmland is uncultivated, peasant's Out-migrant for work phenomenon, affect The social stability of the vast rural area of China and sustainable economic development.

Because Planting Crops input is big, income is low, from the beginning of last century the eighties, widelys popularize in rural area and encloses Field is breeded fish, i.e., dredge in the middle part of farmland, fills in surrounding, forms fish pond, so at present rural area has substantial amounts of fish pond, fish pond With farmland and deposit, be a big scene in rural area.After popularization levee-surrounded field is breeded fish, farmers' income increases, but there is also pollution and ask Topic, needs to throw in the water needs periodically sterilization that food is edible to fry, in fish pond in fish pond, arranges aerator and squeezes into oxygen for water body Gas, does not do that cultivation density cannot be improved, and have impact on the yield of aquatic products.The Quality Down of the aquatic products propagated artificially, table Now natural local flavor is lost for fish, do not reach nuisanceless standard.The fish pond of aquaculture product, when needing one section every year Between, the water in fish pond is drained, sterilization is irradiated to fish pond using sunshine, germ is killed, fish pond is in idle periods, without income Phase.

Can proportion of crop planting and aquaculture intersect is carried out, alternation of wetting and drying, two-way promotion, reduces making for fertilizer and pesticide With people have carried out extensive exploration, take some feasible measures.

In terms of without agriculture chemical plantation, Chinese patent CN100418403C, patent No. 200610025013X is a kind of High protein herbage such as rye grass, silphium perfoliatum L are planted in rice field by rice plantation without pesticide and fertilizer, its elder generation, and per mu yield is needed 4500 jin are met or exceeded, then this herbage is crushed in rice field, poured water and rot to decompose in soil, as fertilizer.Kind The method that insect is killed during planting paddy rice is to pour water to flood paddy rice 12-15 hours, and insect is drowned, and swims in the rice of one jiao of the water surface Plant hopper, is picked up with the diddle-net of 80 mesh and is annihilated.This patent advantage is not use fertilizer and pesticide, and shortcoming is more：One is kind of a careless needs Take farmland, two is that herbage is crushed and needs manpower and materials, three be pour water drowned insect, drag for away insect and be also required to substantial amounts of manpower thing Power, evaluates：Lose more than gain, buy herbage not as spending worthwhile.

In terms of agricultural product cultivation, Chinese patent CN103891643A, the patent No. 2012105882983, one kind plantation The cultural method of cultivation circulation efficient ecological environmental protection fishery, it takes the mud at fish pond bottom, before the ploughing soil of planting forage grass Apply, used as the base manure of planting forage grass, per mu needs 200 kilograms；The plantation of herbage is irrigated using the fishpond water of eutrophication, is planted Plant and put in fish pond after herbage harvesting out, as the grain of herbivorous fishes, as found disease pest during pasture growing Evil, should in advance gather in input fish pond and not use agricultural chemicals.Aquaculture product method is then conventional method, including the cleaning of fish pond bottom Mud, regulating and controlling water quality, disease control, feed input etc..Evaluate：Advantage is to use herbage to feed fish, is had the disadvantage：Remain biography The water body of system is breeded fish, nonirrigated farmland planting forage grass, and herbage is used to feed fish, and planting forage grass needs land occupation, the cleaning of fish pond bottom Mud needs substantial amounts of manpower and materials.

Above-mentioned two patent is the utilization to herbage after all, and one used as the fertilizer planted, a food as cultivation Thing, and substantial amounts of manpower and materials are taken, can it have application value, still unknown, and other aspects do not have Fresh viewpoint and creativeness is showed.

The content of the invention

In order to solve the problems, such as above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a kind of across body circulation breeding method.

The technical scheme that the present invention is used is as follows：

A kind of across body circulation breeding method, including aquaculture and agricultural cultivation, the aquatic products are cultivated in fish pond, institute State agricultural product to plant in the fish pond bottom for being allowed to dry water, aquaculture and agricultural cultivation alternation of wetting and drying, go round and begin again；

Specifically breeding method is：

1）When needing Planting Crops, the water drained in fish pond is latter in three days, and seed is sowed at the fish pond bottom of moistening, and two To seven days germinations；

2）From results are seeded into, keep fish pond lower surface without ponding, never do not had by water logging, water must be drained when raining heavily；

3）From results are seeded into, without the need for watering, without the need for fertilising, need not spray insecticide；

4）The season of plantation, with Cold Dew of the annual lunar calendar, the Frost's Descent, the Beginning of Winter, slight snow, heavy snow, Winter Solstice, Slight Cold, Great Cold, the beginning of spring, rain Water, the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), the Spring Equinox are advisable, and in remaining season, are advisable for cultivation；

5）When needing aquaculture product, after the retaining of fish pond fry is put into；

6）During cultivation, without the need for providing food for aquatic products, without the need for water body disinfection；

7）It is summarised as three words：Retaining cultivation, solid carbon dioxide plantation, across body circulation.

The aquatic products are freshwater fish, including grass carp, silver carp, bighead, black carp, dace, carp, crucian, blunt-snout gurnards； The agricultural product include heart of a cabbage, romaine lettuce, cauliflower, leaf mustard, Chinese cabbage, pakchoi, spinach, celery, asparagus, cabbage mustard, shepherd's purse, wide Eastern heart of a cabbage, Brassica rapa L Chinese cabbage, milk Chinese cabbage, oversensitive heart of a cabbage, Lettuce, scattered leaf Chinese cabbage；The single fish pond area be one mu extremely 20 mu, the quantity in fish pond is one to 1,000.

Alternatively, in the hot and humid area of south China, the season of the plantation, it is also possible to which annual winter is Preferably；In the season of cultivation, it is advisable with spring, summer, autumn；The aquatic products of culture-cycle length, the middle and later periods of cultivation, need to add vegetables Agricultural products or green grass are used as feed.

Vast territory and abundant resources for China, and weather varies, in southern vast warm moist area, throughout the year in whenever all Can be planted and be cultivated, in other words throughout the year in whenever can alternately plant and cultivate.

Applicant starts more than 30 years so far from last century the eighties, studies shift of crops, especially crop and aquatic products Product rice field-upland field rotation, it is believed that crop rotation plays the role of as follows：

1）Crop rotation can be with prevention and elimination of disease and pests, balck shank, root rot of Vicia faba, watermelon dead arm of many diseases such as tobacco of crop etc. All pass through Soil infection.Such as susceptible host crop is carried out into crop rotation with non-host crop, just can eliminate or reduce this germ Quantity in soil, mitigates disease.Nematode to crop root of causing harm, crop rotation is not felt after the crop of worm, can make it in soil In worm's ovum reduce, mitigate harm；

2）Crop rotation is also the important channel of Integrated co ntrol weeds, the different agricultural measures used in Different Crop cultivation, There are different suppression and the effect of preventing and kill off to weeds in field.Such as the cereal crops of dense planting, seal behind ridge has inhibitory action to some weeds； The imtertilled crops such as corn, cotton, have weed eradication to act on during intertillage.Some associations or parasitics weeds such as tall oat grass in wheat field, The seed of Chinese dodder in legume field, due to losing companion crop or host after crop rotation, can be destroyed or suppress to cause harm.Floods and droughts wheel Make to suppress in the case where drought is planted, and make some xeromorph weeds lose germinating capacity in the case of waterflooding；

3）Equilibrium utilizes soil nutrient, and the quantity and ratio that various crops absorb various nutrients from soil is different.Such as standing grain Cereal crops are more to the uptake of nitrogen and silicon, and less to the uptake of calcium；Legume absorbs substantial amounts of calcium, and absorbs silicon Quantity it is few.Therefore two class crop shifting cultivations, it is ensured that the equilibrium of soil nutrient is utilized, it is to avoid its unilateral consumption；

4）Adjust soil fertility, cereal crops and perennial grass have huge root mass, can chesson, improve soil texture；It is green Fertile crop and oil crops, can directly increase soil organism source；

5）The different crop of crop rotation root elongation depth, deep rooted plant can be utilized from shallow root crop solution-off to lower floor's movement Nutrient, and the Nutrient Absorption transfer of deep soil is come up, remain in the intensive arable layer of root system.Crop rotation simultaneously can borrow rhizobium Nitrogen fixation, supplement soil nitrogen, such as per mu of peanut and soybean can 6-8 kilogram of fixed nitrogen, the number of Perennial legume forages fixed nitrogen Amount is more；

6）Rice field-upland field rotation can also change the ecological environment of soil, increase the noncapilarry porosity of paddy field soil, improve redox electricity Position, favourable soil aeration and organic matter decomposition, eliminate the noxious material in soil, prevent soil from hardened phenomenon occur, and can promote Enter the breeding of soil beneficial microorganism.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：

1）Aquatic products support remaining food debris and the excrement of its excretion during plant, are deposited on fish pond lower surface, are agricultural production kind Plant and enough high-quality organic fertilizer are provided, fish pond bottom is through water body immersion, all insects for having harm to agricultural product and worm's ovum Cannot survive；When therefore planting, without the need for watering, without the need for fertilising, need not spray insecticide；

2）Waste agronomic crop, weeds that agricultural cultivation is produced, for aquatic products enough food is provided, and fish pond bottom is through the sun Irradiation, killed all to aquaculture be harmful to virus and bacterias, during cultivation, without the need for providing food, nothing for aquatic products Need water body disinfection；

3）Across body circulation breeding, aquaculture and agricultural cultivation alternation of wetting and drying, go round and begin again, fish pond utilization rate is high, plantation Go out high-quality organic vegetable, cultivate out the nuisanceless aquatic products of high-quality, and it is free from environmental pollution, keeping vast rural area sustainable development Exhibition aspect, there is provided beneficial, reproducible, animated example edition, achieves many things at one stroke；

4）There is the biology that frog etc. specially eats insect in across body circulation breeding, the original ecology of land restoration, can suppress to reduce in turn The generation of insect, evening frog is called this and plays that and, a width rural area symphony；The water-bed plant of water purification function is had in fish pond Thing, has purified fishpond water quality, and aquaculture is promoted again.

Specific embodiment

A kind of across body circulation breeding method, aquatic products are cultivated in fish pond, and agricultural product are in the fish pond bottom for being allowed to dry water Plantation, aquaculture and agricultural cultivation alternation of wetting and drying, goes round and begins again.

Across body circulation breeding method, is on multi-form agriculture framework, will once to plant on same soil or one batch of plantation Vegetables are compared to a body circulation, and a culturing fish and shrimp is compared to another body circulation, and the alternating crop rotation of the two be exactly across body circulation, Look at the inventive method crop rotation detailed process described below.

During aquaculture product such as fish, shrimp, due to needing substantial amounts of various weeds, waste agronomic crop as the food of aquatic products Thing, its residue deposition and fish and shrimp feces deposition, through the water of nine months accumulation, the plant of enough one batch of vegetable growths are completely soaked Conversion fertilizer, i.e. soil fertility fertilizer, thus without the need for chemical fertilizer application, soil also will not be hardened, also will not receive farmers' because of applications of farmyard manure Fertilizer pollution vegetables.

Plantation soil completely soaked through the water of nine months, and all insects of soak period all cannot be in the existence of plantation soil, sowing Arrive the listing of primary agricultural products vegetables afterwards, insect is substantially few, or even disappears, thus using agricultural chemicals be it is unnecessary, There is no need.

Plantation soil completely soaked through the water of nine months, and weeds speed of germination is slow more than vegetables germination, as long as thickness of sowing Uniformly, it is possible to suppress weed growth, so the use of herbicide being unnecessary without using herbicide.

Plantation soil completely soaked cultivation through the water of nine months, and the life characteristic of fishes and shrimps makes soil top layer have one layer of surface dust, It is commonly called as mud, exactly this layer surface dust, very completely mashed after water is cleared, top layer is dry and cracked after a couple of days, but its submerged growth a large amount of tongues Moss, and liver moss is the keeper of water and soil moistening, the overall process of the enough one batch of vegetable growths of its moisture-holding capacity, so, by being seeded into just The vegetables listing of level product is finished, and is all irrigated without the need for water source, and it is unnecessary that water source is irrigated.

One batch of vegetables is finished by harvesting is seeded into, and without the need for applying chemical fertilizer, without the need for farm manure, without the need for agricultural chemicals insect, nothing is killed Need water source to irrigate, cover for insulation or weeding without the need for agricultural film, without the need for auximone and other chemical substance auxiliary plantations.By During the day of sowing plucks to agricultural product, it is only necessary to wait, without the need for putting into manpower and materials cultivation and takeing good care of.

During water completely soaks cultivation, when needing Planting Crops vegetables, water is cleared with most fast speed, after clearing water In one to three day, seed is seeded on the soil of moistening, germination finishes in two to seven days, it is noted that can not be using transplanting Mode is planted, and can only sow plantation, by sowing day to pluck during, never do not had by water logging.

The practical experience accumulation of more than 30 years, it was demonstrated that this implantation methods be main road to letter, it is simple and practical, but must be dry Wet alternate across body circulation, high-quality vegetables could be planted, body-internal-circulation cannot carry out secondary plantation.Cultivated area is with mu as list Position, several mu or tens mu or more, fish pond or the shrimp pool individually either in flakes can sow plantation.

In the hot and humid area of south China, the season of plantation, it is advisable with annual winter；The season of cultivation, with spring, summer Season, autumn are advisable；The aquatic products of culture-cycle length, the middle and later periods of cultivation, need to add vegetables agricultural products or green grass as feed.

Using the vegetables planted across body circulation, based on outdoor plantation, vegetables have sufficient photosynthesis, and soil is obtained fully Expose to the weather, sunlight is best disinfectant, and the harmful substance for making soil is further evaporated, reduce harmful substance to vegetable The infringement of dish, to being located, plantation Land Environment does not cause any pollution, has purified environment, and the vegetables of plantation maintain original Naturally grow, vegetables quality is improved, and reaches the standard of organic vegetable.Sell hot on network at present, order has a tidal wave of, and goes out daily Goods amount reaches 200 standard orders, and sales range is each big and medium-sized cities inside and outside the province, such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Foshan, Zhaoqing, The ground such as Zhuhai, Dongguan, reflection is good after client is edible, it is believed that always not eating so has organic dish of raw vegetable taste.China Southern agriculture university professor investigated, ate, and also praise has and adds, and obtains the spontaneous popularization of the numerous colleges and universities' high iq colonies in Guangzhou And long-term consumption.Pursuing and welcoming for vast high-end personage, applicant's next step are similarly obtained across the fish of body circulation cultivation Popularizing planting cultured area will be continued, lead vast farmerses to build up the family fortunes, and be society on the premise of keeping environmentally friendly More high quality agricultural productses and aquatic products can be provided.

Claims

1. across the body circulation breeding method of one kind, including aquaculture and agricultural cultivation, it is characterised in that：The aquatic products exist Cultivate in fish pond, the agricultural product are planted in the fish pond bottom for being allowed to dry water, aquaculture and agricultural cultivation dry and wet are handed over For, go round and begin again；

Specifically breeding method is：

2. across the body circulation breeding method of one kind according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：

The aquatic products are freshwater fish, including grass carp, silver carp, bighead, black carp, dace, carp, crucian, blunt-snout gurnards；

The agricultural product include heart of a cabbage, romaine lettuce, cauliflower, leaf mustard, Chinese cabbage, pakchoi, spinach, celery, asparagus, cabbage mustard, shepherd's purse Dish, Guangdong heart of a cabbage, Brassica rapa L Chinese cabbage, milk Chinese cabbage, oversensitive heart of a cabbage, Lettuce, scattered leaf Chinese cabbage；

The single fish pond area is one mu to 20 mu, and the quantity in fish pond is one to 1,000.

3. across the body circulation breeding method of one kind according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the season of the plantation, also may be used It is advisable with annual winter；In the season of cultivation, it is advisable with spring, summer, autumn；The aquatic products of culture-cycle length, in cultivation after Phase, vegetables agricultural products or green grass need to be added as feed.