CN106565094A - 窑变丝毛虎皮花釉及其陶瓷制品和制备方法 - Google Patents
窑变丝毛虎皮花釉及其陶瓷制品和制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及陶瓷技术领域，具体涉及窑变丝毛虎皮花釉及其陶瓷制品和制备方法。制备窑变丝毛虎皮花釉的原料：以长石，石英，苏州土，氧化钛，玻璃粉，方解石，硼熔块，碳酸锶，氧化镍，铬钛锑黄，铈镨黄，氧化锡，氧化钕为原料进行配料。将素烧后的陶瓷坯体采用浸釉的方法施上窑变丝毛虎皮花釉，待干后釉烧。本发明制备出的釉浆工艺性能良好，一次浸釉方式施釉，烧成后釉面质量较好，瓶体表面光滑平整无缺陷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷技术领域，具体涉及窑变丝毛虎皮花釉及其陶瓷制品和制备方法。
背景技术
传统的陶瓷制品花釉釉料的制备，需采用多次施釉，生产工艺比较繁琐，釉面缺陷较多，如有针孔、缩釉等，而且色彩较淡、光泽度差、呈色单调，产品难以提档升级，不能满足多层次、多领域消费群体对陶瓷酒瓶的文化需求。随着社会发展的进一步变化，人们生活水平和审美的提高，对陶瓷酒瓶的外观装饰有了更高的要求，对品味和文化内涵有较高的需求，为了适应市场需求，提高产品档次，迫切需要开发出一种窑变丝毛虎皮花釉。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，为了解决上述问题，采用合理的釉料配方和烧成工艺，提供一种陶瓷用窑变丝毛虎皮花釉的制备方法。窑变丝毛虎皮花釉的制作是在传统陶瓷制品花釉釉料的基础上进行创新，以独特新颖的坯料釉料配方，选用优质的原材料，通过合理的陶瓷生产工艺和烧成制度，使得产品具有高强度、高致密度性、防老化、耐腐蚀、抗渗漏、热稳定性好，不开裂不变形、无针孔、缩釉、釉泡等缺陷，釉色古朴、典雅、醇厚、凝重、端庄，富有特殊的窑变效果，增强釉面立体感，更具有艺术特色，降低了成本，提高了生产效率，能满足陶瓷酒瓶大批量的生产，得到广大客户的青睐。
具体的技术方案为：
制备窑变丝毛虎皮花釉的原料：以长石，石英，苏州土，氧化钛，玻璃粉，方解石，硼熔块，碳酸锶，氧化镍，铬钛锑黄，铈镨黄，氧化锡，氧化钕为原料进行配料。
窑变丝毛虎皮花釉，由以下原料按照重量份数配比制成釉料：长石19-22份，石英4-6份，苏州土3-5份，氧化钛5-7份，方解石13-15份，玻璃粉8-10份，硼熔块26-29份，碳酸锶1-2份，氧化镍0.5-1份，铬钛锑黄2-4份，铈镨黄2-3份，氧化锡1-2份，氧化钕1-2份。
将所述釉料按料﹕球﹕水=1﹕1.25-1.35﹕1.25-1.35，优选1﹕1.29﹕1.32的配比，球磨时间为40~50小时，优选46小时，球磨后过120目过筛即得窑变丝毛虎皮花釉的釉料。
再将陶瓷坯体进行素烧，素烧温度为1040℃，陶瓷坯体的坯料配方，由以下原料按照重量份数配比制成，高岭土52.7份，石英6.8份，长兴白泥15.7份，福建瓷泥12.4份，长石10.6份，滑石1.8份。通过素烧使机械水、吸附水、有机物等有害物质挥发，提高了坯体的机械强度，同时增加了坯体的吸水率，有利于釉层的吸附强度和厚度。
将素烧后的陶瓷坯体采用浸釉的的方法施上窑变丝毛虎皮花釉。待干后釉烧。
釉烧成：釉烧采用辊道窑氧化焰烧成，最高烧成温度为1202-1206℃。
烧成周期为5~5.5小时，烧成曲线为；窑内温度在1~1.5小时内由窑温匀速升至840℃，再在1~1.5小时内匀速升至1205℃，然后再20~30分钟内降至1080℃，再在20分钟内快速降至890℃，然后再1~1.5小时内慢速降至600℃，最后再自然冷却至室温，烧成出窑，检验合格后为合格产品。
本工艺可以概括为下述流程：
配料→球磨→过筛除铁→成型→素烧→浸釉→烧成。
本发明提供的窑变丝毛虎皮花釉及其陶瓷制品和制备方法，有益效果：
采用独特新颖的坯料釉料配方和烧成试验测试，解决了釉面缺陷的降低和釉色呈现效果与质感矛盾的问题。研发的窑变丝毛虎皮花釉配方独特新颖，制备出的釉浆工艺性能良好，改变了传统的窑变花釉施釉工艺，传统的窑变花釉均采用施底釉再施面釉，需上多层釉料的工艺，本方法的窑变丝毛虎皮花釉可适用一次浸釉方式施釉，烧成后釉面质量较好，瓶体表面光滑平整无缺陷。
使用硼熔块，碳酸锶，氧化镍，铬钛锑黄，铈镨黄，氧化锡，氧化钕七种元素，经过按一定的比例科学搭配组合出发色机理，在深咖啡色底釉上重现红黄白交错的羽毛丝，形状多样，色彩斑澜，颇为特异，其奇丽釉面的产生主要通过矿物质和贵金属合成的特殊花釉原料产生效果，高温时借釉料的垂流而自然形成，其工艺精湛，胎质细腻，线条优美流畅，釉质滋润肥厚，色泽变化丰富，出现了釉里藏花的美妙的艺术效果，为颜色釉中的精品，烧成时能通过控制升温速率和适当的保温时间使得釉料在高温阶段能快速熔融烧结，并控制好釉料在高温熔融时一部分釉料先开始熔融，与坯体紧密地结合，另一部分再开始熔融自然垂流向下形成釉面丝状，实现了液相分离形成的窑变丝毛虎皮花釉效果，碳酸锶的引入使釉料在高温阶段更易形成较多的铁过饱和液相晶体及较好的釉面效果，又尽可能避免了流釉缺陷。釉面呈现以深色为底色衬托表面呈丝毛状长条纹，该釉料既具有微结晶的华丽光泽效果，又具有在不同光线下呈现多种色泽的效果，烧成后釉面达到了既华丽奔放又古朴典雅，淳厚凝重的特殊窑变丝毛虎皮花釉效果。为釉面艺术提供一种新的别具一格艺术美感的釉面，提高了产品档次满足市场新的需求，使用该方法制成的产品具有高强度，高致密性，防老化，耐腐蚀，抗渗漏，热稳定性好，不开裂，不变形，无针孔，缩釉，釉泡等缺陷，铅，镉溶出量分别小于0.1ppm和0.01ppm，达到国际最严格的标准规定，能确保用户健康，并且具有较好的外观质量和性能指标，是一种提高经济效益的理想产品。
具体实施方式
结合实施例说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例中采用的原料如下：
1．长石：化学成份为不含水的碱金属或碱土金属铝硅酸盐，主要是钾、钠、钙和少量钡的铝硅酸盐，在陶瓷坯料中作为熔剂作用，在釉料中主要作熔剂，是形成玻璃相的主要成分，增加透明度。
2．苏州土：是纯度很高的高岭土，其化学组成十分接近高岭石的理念值，色洁白，耐火度高。
3．方解石：化学式为CaCO3，一般为白色，有时呈粒状或板状，分解后起熔剂作用，在釉料中能提高光泽度与透光性。
4．石英：是一种物理性质和化学性质十分稳定的矿产资源，化学式为SiO2,石英外观呈白色或乳白色，半透明状态，表面有玻璃光泽或脂肪光泽，莫氏硬度为7。
5．玻璃粉：白玻璃磨成粉，在陶瓷釉料中起始溶点，增加釉料的流动性，降低釉料始熔点。
6．氧化钛：白色或微黄粉末，不溶于水，熔点1825℃，制造色料的母体原料，有时也用作着色剂。
7．碳酸锶：白色粉末或颗粒，无臭，无味，不溶于水。
8．硼熔块：一种用石英与硼砂制成的陶瓷用熔快，在陶瓷生产中起熔剂作用。
9．氧化镍：别名一氧化镍，氧化亚镍，分子式为NiO,灰绿色粉末，加热黄色，不溶于水。
10．铬钛锑黄：陶瓷颜料，在釉料中起到着色作用。
11．铈镨黄：陶瓷颜料，在釉料中起到着色作用。
12．氧化锡：制造色料的母体原料，白色无定形粉末，熔点1127℃，不熔于水。
13．氧化钕：淡蓝色固体粉末，不熔于水，熔点1900℃，用作陶瓷着色剂。
实施例1：
（1）制备陶瓷酒瓶用窑变丝毛虎皮花釉，按下列重量百分比配比：
长石19份，石英5.4份，苏州土3份，氧化钛7份，方解石13份，玻璃粉9.6份，硼熔块29份，碳酸锶1.7份，氧化镍1份，铬钛锑黄3.4份，铈镨黄2.7份，氧化锡1.6份，氧化钕1份。
（2）对上述配料按料﹕球﹕水=1﹕1.29﹕1.32的配比，球磨46小时，球磨后过120目过筛即得窑变丝毛虎皮花釉的釉料。
（3）再将酒瓶坯体进行素烧，素烧温度为1040℃，坯料配方高岭土52.7份，石英6.8份，长兴白泥15.7份，福建瓷泥12.4份，长石10.6份，滑石1.8份。通过素烧使机械水、吸附水、有机物等有害物质挥发，提高了坯体的机械强度，同时增加了坯体的吸水率，有利于釉层的吸附强度和厚度。
（4）将素烧后的酒坛坯体采用浸釉的的方法施上窑变丝毛虎皮花釉。待干后釉烧。
（5）釉烧采用辊道窑氧化焰烧成，按照合理的烧成曲线进行烧成，烧成温度为1204℃，烧成出窑后，检验合格后即得窑变丝毛虎皮花釉酒瓶。
烧成周期为5~5.5小时，烧成曲线为；窑内温度在1~1.5小时内由窑温匀速升至840℃，再在1~1.5小时内匀速升至1204℃，然后再20~30分钟内降至1080℃，再在20分钟内快速降至890℃，然后再1~1.5小时内慢速降至600℃，最后再自然冷却至室温，烧成出窑，检验合格后为合格产品。
实施例2
（1）制备陶瓷酒瓶用窑变丝毛虎皮花釉，按下列重量百分比配比：
长石20.7份，石英4份，苏州土4.5份，氧化钛5份，方解石14.3份，玻璃粉8份，硼熔块27.4份，碳酸锶1份，氧化镍0.5份，铬钛锑黄2份，铈镨黄2份，氧化锡2份，氧化钕2份。
（2）对上述配料按料﹕球﹕水=1﹕1.25﹕1.35配比，球磨时间为41小时，球磨后过120目过筛即得窑变丝毛虎皮花釉的釉料
（3）再将酒瓶坯体进行素烧，素烧温度为1040℃，坯料配方高岭土52.7份，石英6.8份，长兴白泥15.7份，福建瓷泥12.4份，长石10.6份，滑石1.8份。
（4）将素烧后的酒瓶坯体采用浸釉的的方法施上窑变丝毛虎皮花釉。待干后釉烧。
（5）釉烧采用辊道窑氧化焰烧成，按照合理的烧成曲线进行烧成，烧成温度为1205℃，烧成出窑后，检验合格后即得窑变丝毛虎皮花釉酒瓶。
烧成周期为5~5.5小时，烧成曲线为；窑内温度在1~1.5小时内由窑温匀速升至840℃，再在1~1.5小时内匀速升至1205℃，然后再20~30分钟内降至1080℃，再在20分钟内快速降至890℃，然后再1~1.5小时内慢速降至600℃，最后再自然冷却至室温，烧成出窑，检验合格后为合格产品。
实施例3：
（1）制备陶瓷酒瓶用窑变丝毛虎皮花釉，按下列重量百分比配比：
长石22份，石英6份，苏州土5份，氧化钛6.5份，方解石15份，玻璃粉10份，硼熔块26份，碳酸锶2份，氧化镍0.8份，铬钛锑黄4份，铈镨黄3份，氧化锡1份，氧化钕1.4份。
（2）对上述配料按料﹕球﹕水=1﹕1.35﹕1.25的配比，球磨时间50小时，球磨后过120目过筛即得窑变丝毛虎皮花釉的釉料
（3）再将酒瓶坯体进行素烧，素烧温度为1040℃，坯料配方高岭土52.7份，石英6.8份，长兴白泥15.7份，福建瓷泥12.4份，长石10.6份，滑石1.8份。
（4）将素烧后的酒瓶坯体采用浸釉的的方法施上窑变丝毛虎皮花釉。待干后釉烧。
（5）釉烧采用辊道窑氧化焰烧成，按照合理的烧成曲线进行烧成，烧成温度为1206℃，烧成出窑后，检验合格后即得窑变丝毛虎皮花釉酒瓶。
烧成周期为5~5.5小时，烧成曲线为；窑内温度在1~1.5小时内由窑温匀速升至840℃，再在1~1.5小时内匀速升至1206℃，然后再20~30分钟内降至1080℃，再在20分钟内快速降至890℃，然后再1~1.5小时内慢速降至600℃，最后再自然冷却至室温，烧成出窑，检验合格后为合格产品。
Claims (6)
1.窑变丝毛虎皮花釉，其特征在于，由以下原料按照重量份数配比制成釉料：长石19-22份，石英4-6份，苏州土3-5份，氧化钛5-7份，方解石13-15份，玻璃粉8-10份，硼熔块26-29份，碳酸锶1-2份，氧化镍0.5-1份，铬钛锑黄2-4份，铈镨黄2-3份，氧化锡1-2份，氧化钕1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的窑变丝毛虎皮花釉，其特征在于，将所述釉料按料﹕球﹕水=1﹕1.25-1.35﹕1.25-1.35的配比，球磨40~50小时，球磨后过120目过筛除铁即得窑变丝毛虎皮花釉的釉料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的窑变丝毛虎皮花釉的陶瓷制品，其特征在于，由以下方法制备所得：将陶瓷坯体进行素烧，素烧温度为1040℃，将素烧后的陶瓷坯体采用浸釉的的方法施上窑变丝毛虎皮花釉，待干后釉烧。
4.根据权利要求3所述的窑变丝毛虎皮花釉的陶瓷制品，其特征在于，所述的陶瓷坯体由以下原料按照重量份数配比制成，高岭土52.7份，石英6.8份，长兴白泥15.7份，福建瓷泥12.4份，长石10.6份，滑石1.8份。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的窑变丝毛虎皮花釉的陶瓷制品，其特征在于，釉烧采用辊道窑氧化焰烧成，最高烧成温度为1202-1206℃。
6.根据权利要求5所述的窑变丝毛虎皮花釉的陶瓷制品，其特征在于，所述的釉烧的烧成周期为5~5.5小时，烧成曲线为；窑内温度在1~1.5小时内由窑温匀速升至840℃，再在1~1.5小时内匀速升至1205℃，然后再20~30分钟内降至1080℃，再在20分钟内快速降至890℃，然后再1~1.5小时内慢速降至600℃，最后再自然冷却至室温，烧成出窑，检验合格后为合格产品。
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