CN106564222B - 一种多功能无纺布 - Google Patents

一种多功能无纺布 Download PDF

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CN106564222B
CN106564222B CN201610952661.3A CN201610952661A CN106564222B CN 106564222 B CN106564222 B CN 106564222B CN 201610952661 A CN201610952661 A CN 201610952661A CN 106564222 B CN106564222 B CN 106564222B
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middle layer
monofilament
coconut husk
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chitosan
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CN106564222A (zh
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余艳梅
金晓霞
杨波
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Wenzhou Xinbang Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Shenzhen Xin Jin Hao Ltd By Share Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多功能无纺布，包括从上至下依次设置的上表面层、第一中间层、第二中间层和下表面层，所述上表面层和下表面层均为椰壳纤维和竹纤维，第一中间层和第二中间层均为麻纤维，第一中间层中附着防霉中药，第二中间层固定有抗菌微胶囊。本发明的无纺布防霉能力强且防霉能力持久，能够主动防霉，抗菌效果好，绿色环保、可降解、应用范围广、使用简单快捷。

Description

一种多功能无纺布
技术领域
本发明涉及无纺布技术领域，特别是涉及一种多功能无纺布。
背景技术
无纺布 （ 英文名 ：Non Woven） 又称不织布，是由定向的或随机的纤维而构成，是新一代环保材料，具有强力好、透气防水、环保、柔韧、无毒无味，且价格便宜等优点，具有拒水、透气、柔韧、不助燃、无毒无刺激性、色彩丰富等特点。
普通无纺布本身不具备防霉能力，因为自身材料的特点，易于吸潮，从而增加自身和产品的发霉风险。目前的PP纺粘法无纺布系普遍不能降解、不符合环保要求。
椰壳纤维主要由纤维素、木质素、半纤维素以及果胶物质等组成，其中纤维素含量占46％ ~63％，木质素31％ ~36％ ，半纤维素0．15％~0．25％，果胶3％ ~4％以及其他杂糖、矿物质类等。椰壳纤维中纤维素含量较高，半纤维索含量很少，纤维具有优良的力学性能，耐湿性、耐热性也比较优异。椰壳纤维，是海南资源丰富的生物废弃物，价格低廉，椰壳纤维是一种新型的生态环保植物纤维，是一种亟待开发和利用的天然植物纤维。
目前，无纺布在人造革、家私、化工、印刷、装饰、包装、汽车、建材服务、工况土工布以及工业过滤布吸油布、旅游用品、生活用品等行业广发应用。但目前现有的无纺布，功能较单一，无法同时满足多种需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术缺陷，提供一种具有缓释，能够主动防霉、抗菌且能降解的无纺布。
本发明所要解决的技术问题通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种多功能无纺布，包括从上至下依次设置的上表面层、第一中间层、第二中间层和下表面层，所述上表面层和下表面层均为椰壳纤维和竹纤维，第一中间层和第二中间层均为麻纤维，第一中间层中附着防霉中药，第二中间层固定有抗菌微胶囊。
进一步地，上表面层、第一中间层、第二中间层和下表面层均采用纺粘法制备，上表面层、第一中间层、第二中间层和下表面层之间采用针刺法进行复合。
进一步地，所述椰壳纤维和竹纤维的质量比为3-8:1。
进一步地，所述椰壳纤维的制备方法为：
步骤一：以椰壳为原料，对原椰壳棕丝开松清理、梳理、除去杂质结块，再与椰皮料分离，得到椰壳棕丝；
步骤二：将椰壳棕丝置于萃取槽内，加入三氯乙烷，使三氯乙烷浸没椰壳棕丝，在常温常压下循环清洗3-5分钟，随后排除三氯乙烷，取出椰壳棕丝；
步骤三：将上述处理后的椰壳棕丝加入到浸泡液中，浸泡时间为10-16h，所述浸泡液由多聚磷酸钠、硅酸钠和水制成；
步骤四：取出椰壳棕丝，将0.01-0.2mol/L的硫酸锌溶液用真空加压的方式浸注到上述椰壳棕丝中，浸注时间为1-3小时，然后将椰壳棕丝用铝箔纸密封，在80-110℃下热处理2-5小时；
步骤五：将上述处理后的椰壳棕丝于真空干燥箱中烘干至含水率为10-18%，再置于梳理机进行梳理处理成纤，即获得椰壳纤维。
进一步地，所述防霉中药包括灵香草、贯众、桂皮、黄连和满天星。
进一步地，第一中间层中附着防霉中药的方法为：
步骤一：将防霉中药超微粉碎，获得中药粉体；
步骤二：将上述中药粉体加入到0.5%的氢氧化钠溶液中，中药粉体与氢氧化钠溶液的质量体积比为1:4，然后在常温下用超声波分散30分钟，形成均匀分散的乳液；
步骤三：将上述乳液加入到麻纤维中，并进行搅拌，浸泡5-7小时；
步骤四：取出麻纤维，烘干。
进一步地，所述抗菌微胶囊的芯材为肉桂油，壁材为海藻酸钠和壳聚糖。
进一步地，所述抗菌微胶囊的制备方法为：
步骤一：取芯材肉桂油，使微胶囊壁材与芯材质量比为6-10g/g，加入Span80和去离子水，在室温条件下，以1800转/分的转速搅拌，乳化15分钟，制得肉桂油乳化分散液；
步骤二：将海藻酸钠粉末置于搅拌器中，加入水，海藻酸钠占水的重量比例为4-6%，进行搅拌，直至形成均匀的海藻酸钠水溶液；
步骤三：将上述海藻酸钠水溶液和壳聚糖酸溶液用高速匀质机混匀，然后边搅拌边依次加入步骤一中制备的肉桂油乳化分散液以及非离子表面活性剂，进行均质得到乳液；其中壳聚糖酸溶液中壳聚糖质量浓度为 0.25％ (W/V) -1.5％ (W/V)、脱乙酰度为82％- 85％，壳聚糖由分子量为 3.3×105 -4.6×105 的高分子量壳聚糖和分子量为 0.72×105-1.19×105 的低分子量壳聚糖按 1:1的质量比组成；
步骤四：将均质后的乳液放到超声设备中，控制超声功率为60-80w，超声温度为65-75℃，作用时间为45-55分钟；
步骤五：将超声后的乳液通过加料泵进入离心喷雾干燥器，于进风口温度160-175℃、出风口温度为80-90℃，雾化压力0.3-0.4MPa条件下干燥，形成抗菌微胶囊。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
（1）由上表面层、第一中间层、第二中间层和下表面层复合而成，其强度大大增加，能够在无纺布内部形成多处空腔，表面具有一定的弹性，具有良好的抗菌效果。
（2）上述多种防霉中药成分相互配合、协同作用，对于霉菌有很好的抑制作用，大大提高了无纺布防霉效果；本发明的无纺布防霉能力强且防霉能力持久，能够主动防霉，抗菌效果好，应用范围广、使用简单快捷。
（3）利用椰壳为原料，变废为宝，减少资源浪费，经过改性处理，提高椰壳纤维的防霉性能，将得到的椰壳纤维与竹纤维复配，绿色环保、可降解、铺网均匀，拉伸强度高，柔软性能好。
（4）将微胶囊应用于麻纤维中，能使该麻纤维控释出抗菌剂，可使无纺布的抗菌的效果更加持久。
（5）肉桂油在含有高分子量壳聚糖和低分子量壳聚糖的混合壳聚糖制备的微胶囊颗粒中的释放慢，能够有效的缓释，达到长期稳定持续的释放肉桂油。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的说明，实施例仅是本发明的优选实施方式，不是对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种多功能无纺布，包括从上至下依次设置的上表面层、第一中间层、第二中间层和下表面层；第一中间层和第二中间层均为麻纤维；上表面层、第一中间层、第二中间层和下表面层均采用纺粘法制备，上表面层、第一中间层、第二中间层和下表面层之间采用针刺法进行复合。
所述上表面层和下表面层均为椰壳纤维和竹纤维，所述椰壳纤维和竹纤维的质量比均为3-8:1，所述椰壳纤维的制备方法为：
步骤一：以椰壳为原料，对原椰壳棕丝开松清理、梳理、除去杂质结块，再与椰皮料分离，得到椰壳棕丝；
步骤二：将椰壳棕丝置于萃取槽内，加入三氯乙烷，使三氯乙烷浸没椰壳棕丝，在常温常压下循环清洗3-5分钟，随后排除三氯乙烷，取出椰壳棕丝；
步骤三：将上述处理后的椰壳棕丝加入到浸泡液中，浸泡时间为10-16h，所述浸泡液由多聚磷酸钠、硅酸钠和水制成；
步骤四：取出椰壳棕丝，将0.01-0.2mol/L的硫酸锌溶液用真空加压的方式浸注到上述椰壳棕丝中，浸注时间为1-3小时，然后将椰壳棕丝用铝箔纸密封，在80-110℃下热处理2-5小时；
步骤五：将上述处理后的椰壳棕丝于真空干燥箱中烘干至含水率为10-18%，再置于梳理机进行梳理处理成纤，即获得椰壳纤维。
第一中间层中附着防霉中药，所述防霉中药包括重量配比为10-20份的灵香草、25-40份的贯众、1-5份的桂皮、3-8份的黄连和12-18份的满天星；第一中间层中附着防霉中药的方法为：
步骤一：将防霉中药超微粉碎，获得中药粉体；
步骤二：将上述中药粉体加入到0.5%的氢氧化钠溶液中，中药粉体与氢氧化钠溶液的质量体积比为1:4，然后在常温下用超声波分散30分钟，形成均匀分散的乳液；
步骤三：将上述乳液加入到麻纤维中，麻纤维和乳液的质量体积比为1:4-10，并进行搅拌，浸泡5-7小时；
步骤四：取出麻纤维，烘干。
第二中间层固定有抗菌微胶囊，所述固定的方法包括喷涂，所述抗菌微胶囊的制备方法为：
步骤一：取芯材肉桂油，使微胶囊壁材与芯材质量比为6-10g/g，加入Span80和去离子水，在室温条件下，以1800转/分的转速搅拌，乳化15分钟，制得肉桂油乳化分散液；
步骤二：将海藻酸钠粉末置于搅拌器中，加入水，海藻酸钠占水的重量比例为4-6%，进行搅拌，直至形成均匀的海藻酸钠水溶液；
步骤三：将上述海藻酸钠水溶液和壳聚糖酸溶液用高速匀质机混匀，然后边搅拌边依次加入步骤一中制备的肉桂油乳化分散液以及非离子表面活性剂，进行均质得到乳液；其中壳聚糖酸溶液中壳聚糖质量浓度为 0.25％ (W/V) -1.5％ (W/V)、脱乙酰度为82％- 85％，壳聚糖由分子量为 3.3×105 -4.6×105 的高分子量壳聚糖和分子量为 0.72×105-1.19×105 的低分子量壳聚糖按 1:1的质量比组成；低分子量壳聚糖所制备的微胶囊颗粒强度高，其制备的微胶囊颗粒厚度高于高分子量壳聚糖，抗膨胀能力较强，因而机械强度较强 ；但壳聚糖分子量过低，其韧性和弹性相对较差；而壳聚糖进入海藻酸钠的深度一样，分子量越大的壳聚糖和海藻酸钠的结合位点数就越多，在海藻酸钠间架桥的能力就越强，形成微胶囊的强度就越高，控释就相对越强。本发明中合理的配比低分子量壳聚糖与高分子量壳聚糖之间的比例，使微胶囊颗粒的强度强，肉桂油在含有高分子量壳聚糖和低分子量壳聚糖的混合壳聚糖制备的微胶囊颗粒中的释放慢，能够有效的缓释，达到长期稳定持续的释放药物。
步骤四：将均质后的乳液放到超声设备中，控制超声功率为60-80w，超声温度为65-75℃，作用时间为45-55分钟；
步骤五：将超声后的乳液通过加料泵进入离心喷雾干燥器，于进风口温度160-175℃、出风口温度为80-90℃，雾化压力0.3-0.4MPa条件下干燥，形成抗菌微胶囊。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制，但凡采用等同替换或等效变换的形式所获得的技术方案，均应落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种多功能无纺布，其特征在于：包括从上至下依次设置的上表面层、第一中间层、第二中间层和下表面层；所述上表面层和下表面层均为椰壳纤维和竹纤维，第一中间层和第二中间层均为麻纤维；第一中间层中附着防霉中药，第二中间层固定有抗菌微胶囊；所述椰壳纤维和竹纤维的质量比为3-8:1；所述抗菌微胶囊的芯材为肉桂油，壁材为海藻酸钠和壳聚糖；所述防霉中药包括灵香草、贯众、桂皮、黄连和满天星；所述抗菌微胶囊的制备方法为：
步骤一：取芯材肉桂油，使微胶囊壁材与芯材质量比为6-10:1，加入Span80和去离子水，在室温条件下，以1800转/分的转速搅拌，乳化15分钟，制得肉桂油乳化分散液；
步骤二：将海藻酸钠粉末置于搅拌器中，加入水，海藻酸钠占水的重量比例为4-6%，进行搅拌，直至形成均匀的海藻酸钠水溶液；
步骤三：将上述海藻酸钠水溶液和壳聚糖酸溶液用高速匀质机混匀，然后边搅拌边依次加入步骤一中制备的肉桂油乳化分散液以及非离子表面活性剂，进行均质得到乳液；其中壳聚糖酸溶液中壳聚糖质量浓度为 0.25％-1.5％、脱乙酰度为 82％- 85％，壳聚糖由分子量为 3.3×105 -4.6×105 的高分子量壳聚糖和分子量为 0.72×105-1.19×105 的低分子量壳聚糖按 1:1的质量比组成；
步骤四：将均质后的乳液放到超声设备中，控制超声功率为60-80W，超声温度为65-75℃，作用时间为45-55分钟；
步骤五：将超声后的乳液通过加料泵进入离心喷雾干燥器，于进风口温度160-175℃、出风口温度为80-90℃，雾化压力0.3-0.4MPa条件下干燥，形成抗菌微胶囊。
2.如权利要求1所述的多功能无纺布，其特征在于：上表面层、第一中间层、第二中间层和下表面层均采用纺粘法制备，上表面层、第一中间层、第二中间层和下表面层之间采用针刺法进行复合。
3.如权利要求1至2任一项所述的多功能无纺布，其特征在于：所述椰壳纤维的制备方法为：
步骤一：以椰壳为原料，对原椰壳棕丝开松清理、梳理、除去杂质结块，再与椰皮料分离，得到椰壳棕丝；
步骤二：将椰壳棕丝置于萃取槽内，加入三氯乙烷，使三氯乙烷浸没椰壳棕丝，在常温常压下循环清洗3-5分钟，随后排除三氯乙烷，取出椰壳棕丝；
步骤三：将上述处理后的椰壳棕丝加入到浸泡液中，浸泡时间为10-16h，所述浸泡液由多聚磷酸钠、硅酸钠和水制成；
步骤四：取出椰壳棕丝，将0.01-0.2mol/L的硫酸锌溶液用真空加压的方式浸注到上述椰壳棕丝中，浸注时间为1-3小时，然后将椰壳棕丝用铝箔纸密封，在80-110℃下热处理2-5小时；
步骤五：将上述处理后的椰壳棕丝于真空干燥箱中烘干至含水率为10-18%，再置于梳理机进行梳理处理成纤，即获得椰壳纤维。
4.如权利要求1所述的多功能无纺布，其特征在于：第一中间层中附着防霉中药的方法为：
步骤一：将防霉中药超微粉碎，获得中药粉体；
步骤二：将上述中药粉体加入到0.5%的氢氧化钠溶液中，中药粉体与氢氧化钠溶液的质量体积比为1:4，然后在常温下用超声波分散30分钟，形成均匀分散的乳液；
步骤三：将上述乳液加入到麻纤维中，并进行搅拌，浸泡5-7小时；
步骤四：取出麻纤维，烘干。
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