CN106563455B - 浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910002706 AlOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 and Al is carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003835 carbonate co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 24
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 5
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
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- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
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- WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011746 zinc citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940068475 zinc citrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000006076 zinc citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VAIVGJYVKZVQAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O VAIVGJYVKZVQAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJDJBHCQWNXQIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L C(CC(O)(C(=O)[O-])CC(=O)O)(=O)O.[Cu+2].C(CC(O)(C(=O)[O-])CC(=O)O)(=O)O Chemical compound C(CC(O)(C(=O)[O-])CC(=O)O)(=O)O.[Cu+2].C(CC(O)(C(=O)[O-])CC(=O)O)(=O)O MJDJBHCQWNXQIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910002535 CuZn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QXOLLBTXUCQAEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound [Co].OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O QXOLLBTXUCQAEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- FWBOFUGDKHMVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicopper;2-oxidopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)CC([O-])(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O FWBOFUGDKHMVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C07C1/0425—Catalysts; their physical properties
- C07C1/043—Catalysts; their physical properties characterised by the composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
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- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C07C1/0425—Catalysts; their physical properties
- C07C1/043—Catalysts; their physical properties characterised by the composition
- C07C1/0435—Catalysts; their physical properties characterised by the composition containing a metal of group 8 or a compound thereof
- C07C1/044—Catalysts; their physical properties characterised by the composition containing a metal of group 8 or a compound thereof containing iron
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- C07C2523/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups C07C2523/02 - C07C2523/36
- C07C2523/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups C07C2523/02 - C07C2523/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂,属于化工技术领域。催化剂组成为X‑Cu/Zn/Al,其中X和Cu为活性组分,Zn为助剂,Al为载体,其组成按摩尔百分比为Cu/Zn/Al=1.0~4.0:0.5~2:0.4~1.5,X按质量分数计算占1~20%。所述方法优先制备AlOOH,然后加入助剂及活性组分,最后将所得的催化剂前驱体在惰性介质中进行液相热处理即得浆状催化剂。本发明制备的浆状催化剂适用于浆态床反应器上CO加氢制CH4,在浆态床反应器上显示有较高的CO转化率和CH4选择性,催化剂原料易得、制备方法简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化工技术领域,具体来说是涉及一种应用于浆态床反应器中Cu基CO加氢制取CH4的催化剂制备方法及应用。
技术背景
天然气是一种使用安全、高效、理想的清洁能源,主要成分是烷烃,其中CH4占绝大多数,另有少量的乙烷、丙烷、和丁烷。近年来随着中国城镇化、工业化水平的快速发展,国内天然气供应的缺口正逐年增大,对外依存度更是呈飞速上升之势。
据有关数据预测,到2020年,国内天然气缺口将达1000亿立方米。2011年,中国天然气对外依存度达24 %,与2010年12.8 %相比,呈成倍增长态势。这从客观上加大了对非常规天然气及替代天然气的需求力度,部分数据显示,未来我国天然气供不应求的局面将长期存在,而利用煤炭资源相对丰富的特点,通过煤炭清洁高效转化技术合理生产清洁能源,发展煤制天然气产业,是缓解我国天然气供求矛盾的一条有效途径,有着广阔的发展前景,是目前中国乃至世界许多国家应对能源危机的重要的战略选择。
目前在合成氨体系中比较成熟的甲烷化催化剂主要是用于低浓度碳氧化合物加氢甲烷化中,由于在此体系中碳氧化合物浓度仅占<1 %,反应放热量较少,而现有的煤基合成气制甲烷都需要通过复杂的CO变换反应将CO浓度维持在25~30 %,H2浓度维持在65~70%,由于甲烷化反应量大,反应绝热温升大,温度不易控制,为了控制反应过程的温度上升幅度,研究者们曾采用换热式反应器,让反应在较温和的条件下进行(相关专利CN101775319、CN201010200095.5)。但反应器造价高、结构非常复杂、热能的回收率往往比较低,现在,更多的是用绝热床反应器,用部分产物稀释入口原料气并以此来控制CO的浓度,并以此来控制反应在较宽泛的温度范围内进行,这样可以提高高品位蒸汽的回收率,热能利用率也较高(CN201010173181、US4298694、US4205961),但在多级反应串联的工业化过程中,在前面几级,原料气中CO浓度仍然较高,气体总体热容量小,移热困难,催化剂容易烧结,这就要求催化剂的耐热性能佳,热稳定性高,而目前催化剂普遍存在的问题是耐热温度低,热稳定性能差,这也是国内煤制天然气还没有大规模生产运行的原因所在。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于改善现有的CO加氢制CH4催化剂体系存在的不足,提供制备方法简单,重复性及稳定性均较好,产物中CH4选择性较高的浆态床Cu基CH4合成催化剂及应用。
本发明是采用如下技术方案来实现的:
一种浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂,其特征在于催化剂组成为X-Cu/Zn/Al,其中X和Cu为活性组分,Zn为助剂,Al为载体,其组成按摩尔百分比为Cu: Zn: Al=1.0~4.0mol%:0.5~2 mol %: 0.4~1.5 mol %,X占总质量百分比的1~20 %。
所述的X为费托组元Fe、Co和Ni中的任意一种,所述的Al的载体为AlOOH。
浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂的制备工序是优先制备载体AlOOH或Al(OH)3,然后加入助剂及活性组分制得催化剂前驱体,最后将所得的催化剂前驱体在惰性介质中进行液相热处理即得浆状催化剂;
浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂的制备方法包括下述步骤:
Ⅰ、采用溶胶凝胶法制备载体AlOOH或共沉淀法制备载体Al(OH)3;
溶胶凝胶法制备AlOOH载体的方法是:将异丙醇铝加入到蒸馏水中,并在50~80 ℃水解,时间为0.5~3 h,然后加入稀硝酸溶液,继续加热水解,加热水解温度是80~95 ℃,加热水解时间为0.5~2 h获得AlOOH载体;所述的稀硝酸水溶液的质量分数为1~10 %。
共沉淀法制备载体Al(OH)3的方法是:将硝酸铝与碳酸钠水溶液并流共沉淀即得Al(OH)3悬浮液,水浴温度是50~70 ℃。
Ⅱ、含活性组分、助剂的混合溶液的制备
往步骤Ⅰ所得的载体中加入X化合物、Cu盐和Zn盐的混合溶液,在温度是80~95 ℃加热,时间为5~10 h获得催化剂前驱体;溶剂为水、乙醇和乙二醇;
所述的X化合物是可溶性的硝酸盐、醋酸盐、柠檬酸盐;
所述硝酸盐包括硝酸铜,硝酸锌,硝酸铁,硝酸钴,硝酸镍;
所述醋酸盐包括醋酸铜、醋酸锌、醋酸铁,醋酸钴,醋酸镍;
所述柠檬酸盐柠檬酸铜,柠檬酸锌,柠檬酸铁,柠檬酸钴,柠檬酸镍;
所述Cu盐包括硝酸铜、醋酸铜、柠檬酸铜;
所述Zn盐包括硝酸锌、醋酸锌、柠檬酸锌;
Ⅲ、液相热处理过程
将催化剂前驱体分散在惰性介质中,在惰性气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60℃程序升温至300 ℃即得浆状催化剂;
所述的惰性介质包括液体石蜡、PEG高聚物、硅油;
惰性气氛包括N2、He、CO2或N2、He、CO2之间任意组合后的混合气体。
所述浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂,应用于浆态床反应器中进行合成气合成CH4,反应温度为200~300 ℃、压力0.1~8.0 MPa、合成气的氢碳比为0.5~3,空速为300~9000L/kgcat•h。
本发明所提供的一种浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂,制备过程简单,主要应用于浆态床反应器中,催化剂具有良好的稳定性,较高的CH4选择性,且没有出现失活现象。
具体实施方式
下面具体实施方式对本发明提供一种浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂制备及应用做出进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
称取19.8 g异丙醇铝加入到90 mL去离子水中,在85 ℃下水解1.5 h,然后加入1mol/L的稀HNO310 mL,调节水浴温度为95 ℃后继续加热水解,1 h后滴入溶有5 % Co(NO3)2的Cu(NO3)2和Zn(NO3)2水溶液继续加热搅拌回流6 h得到溶胶,溶胶在室温下静置老化10天后即得凝胶,将此凝胶分散在300 mL液体石蜡中并用高剪切乳化机剪切乳化,在N2气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60 ℃程序升温至300 ℃并保持8 h即得浆状催化剂。将此催化剂置于浆态床反应器中并在H2/CO=2,250℃,4 MPa的反应条件下进行活性评价,结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为43.8;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为94.1。
实施例2
称取19.8 g的异丙醇铝,溶于适量的去离子水中,在85 ℃水浴中水解1.5 h,得到勃姆石沉淀;然后滴加稀HNO3溶液,调节水浴温度为95 ℃,加入溶有10 % Co(NO3)2的Cu(NO3)2和Zn(NO3)2水溶液加热搅拌回流8 h即得溶胶,溶胶在室温下静置老化10天后即得凝胶,将此凝胶分散在300 mL液体石蜡中并用高剪切乳化机剪切乳化,在N2气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60 ℃程序升温至300 ℃并保持8 h即得浆状催化剂。将此催化剂置于浆态床反应器中并在H2/CO=2,250 ℃,4 MPa的反应条件下进行活性评价,结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为73.4;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为94.2。
实施例3
称取9.9 g的异丙醇铝,溶于适量的去离子水中,在85 ℃水浴中水解0.5 h,得到勃姆石沉淀;然后滴加1mol/L的稀HNO3 10 mL,调节水浴温度为95 ℃,加入溶有10 % Ni(NO3)2的Cu(NO3)2和Zn(NO3)2水溶液加热搅拌回流10 h即得溶胶,溶胶在室温下静置老化10天后即得凝胶,将此凝胶分散在300 mL液体石蜡中并用高剪切乳化机剪切乳化,在N2气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60 ℃程序升温至300 ℃并保持8 h即得浆状催化剂。将此催化剂置于浆态床反应器中并在H2/CO=2,250 ℃,4 MPa的反应条件下进行活性评价,结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为76.3;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为90.3。
实施例4
称取19.8 g的异丙醇铝,溶于适量的蒸馏水中,在50 ℃水浴中水解1.5 h,得到勃姆石沉淀;然后滴加稀HNO3溶液,调节水浴温度为90 ℃,加入溶有5 % Fe(NO3)3的Cu(NO3)2和Zn(NO3)2乙醇溶液加热搅拌回流6 h即得溶胶,溶胶在室温下静置老化10天后即得凝胶,将此凝胶分散在300 mL液体石蜡中并用高剪切乳化机剪切乳化,在N2气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60 ℃程序升温至300 ℃并保持8 h即得浆状催化剂。将此催化剂置于浆态床反应器中并在H2/CO=2,250 ℃,4 MPa的反应条件下进行活性评价,结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为54.8;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为85.5。
实施例5
称取37.5 g的硝酸铝溶于适量的蒸馏水中,控制水浴温度为70 ℃,与1 mol/L的碳酸钠溶液并流共沉淀得到Al(OH)3悬浮液;加入溶有5 % Co(NO3)2的Cu(NO3)2和Zn(NO3)2水溶液加热搅拌回流6 h即得前驱体,将此前驱体分散在300 mL液体石蜡中,在N2气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60 ℃程序升温至300 ℃并保持8 h即得浆状催化剂。将此催化剂置于浆态床反应器中并在H2/CO=2,250 ℃,4 MPa的反应条件下进行活性评价,结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为35.8;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为84.1。
实施例6
称取9.9 g的异丙醇铝,溶于适量的蒸馏水中,在70 ℃水浴中水解1.5 h,得到勃姆石沉淀;然后滴加1 mol/L的稀HNO3 20 mL,调节水浴温度为90 ℃,加入溶有5 % Fe(CH3COO)3的Cu(CH3OO)2和Zn(CH3OO)2的乙二醇溶液加热搅拌回流8 h即得溶胶,溶胶在室温下静置老化10天后即得凝胶,将此凝胶分散在300 mL PEG600中并用高剪切乳化机剪切乳化,在N2气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60 ℃程序升温至300 ℃并保持8 h即得浆状催化剂。将此催化剂置于浆态床反应器中并在H2/CO=2,250 ℃,4 MPa的反应条件下进行活性评价,结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为31.8;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为74.5。
实施例7
称取19.8 g的异丙醇铝,溶于适量的蒸馏水中,在70 ℃水浴中水解1.5 h,得到勃姆石沉淀;然后滴加1 mol/L的稀HNO3 20 mL,调节水浴温度为90 ℃,加入溶有10 %FeC6H5O7的C6H6CuO7和Zn3(C6H5O7)2的乙二醇溶液加热搅拌回流8 h即得溶胶,溶胶在室温下静置老化10天后即得凝胶,将此凝胶分散在300 mL PEG600中并用高剪切乳化机剪切乳化,在N2气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60 ℃程序升温至300 ℃并保持8 h即得浆状催化剂。将此催化剂置于浆态床反应器中并在H2/CO=2,250 ℃,4 MPa的反应条件下进行活性评价,结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为37.8;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为85.8。
实施例8
称取19.8 g的异丙醇铝,溶于适量的蒸馏水中,在70 ℃水浴中水解1.0 h,得到勃姆石沉淀;然后滴加1 mol/L的稀HNO3 10 mL,调节水浴温度为90 ℃,加入溶有5 % Fe(NO3)3的Cu(NO3)2和Zn(NO3)2乙醇溶液加热搅拌回流8 h即得溶胶,溶胶在室温下静置老化10天后即得凝胶,将此凝胶分散在300 mL液体石蜡中并用高剪切乳化机剪切乳化,在V(N2):V(CO2)=1:1气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60 ℃程序升温至300 ℃并保持8 h即得浆状催化剂。将此催化剂置于浆态床反应器中并在H2/CO=2,250 ℃,4 MPa的反应条件下进行活性评价,结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为73.6;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为90.5。
实施例9
称取19.8 g的异丙醇铝,溶于适量的蒸馏水中,在70 ℃水浴中水解1.0 h,得到勃姆石沉淀;然后滴加1 mol/L的稀HNO3 10 mL,调节水浴温度为90 ℃,加入溶有5 % Fe(NO3)3的Cu(NO3)2和Zn(NO3)2乙醇溶液加热搅拌回流8 h即得溶胶,溶胶在室温下静置老化10天后即得凝胶,将此凝胶分散在300 mL硅油中并用高剪切乳化机剪切乳化,在V(N2):V(CO2)=1:1气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60 ℃程序升温至300 ℃并保持8 h即得浆状催化剂。将此催化剂置于浆态床反应器中并在H2/CO=2,250 ℃,4 MPa的反应条件下进行活性评价,结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为32.6;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为67.5。
实施例10
称取19.8 g的异丙醇铝,溶于适量的蒸馏水中,在70 ℃水浴中水解1.0 h,得到勃姆石沉淀;然后滴加1 mol/L的稀HNO3 10 mL,调节水浴温度为90 ℃,加入溶有5 % Fe(NO3)3的Cu(NO3)2和Zn(NO3)2乙醇溶液加热搅拌回流8 h即得溶胶,溶胶在室温下静置老化10天后即得凝胶,将此凝胶分散在300 mL液体石蜡中并用高剪切乳化机剪切乳化,在V(N2):V(He)=1:1气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60 ℃程序升温至300 ℃并保持8 h即得浆状催化剂。将此催化剂置于浆态床反应器中并在H2/CO=2,250 ℃,4 MPa的反应条件下进行活性评价,结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为75.6;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为91.8。
实施例11
称取19.8 g的异丙醇铝,溶于适量的蒸馏水中,在70 ℃水浴中水解1.0 h,得到勃姆石沉淀;然后滴加1 mol/L的稀HNO3 10 mL,调节水浴温度为90 ℃,加入溶有5 % Fe(NO3)3的Cu(NO3)2和Zn(NO3)2乙醇溶液加热搅拌回流8 h即得溶胶,溶胶在室温下静置老化10天后即得凝胶,将此凝胶分散在300 mL液体石蜡中并用高剪切乳化机剪切乳化,在V(CO2):V(He)=1:1气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60 ℃程序升温至300 ℃并保持8 h即得浆状催化剂。将此催化剂置于浆态床反应器中并在H2/CO=2,250 ℃,4 MPa的反应条件下进行活性评价,结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为76.4;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为89.7。
实施例12
称取19.8 g的异丙醇铝,溶于适量的蒸馏水中,在85 ℃水浴中水解1.5 h,得到勃姆石沉淀;然后滴加1 mol/L的稀HNO3 20 mL,调节水浴温度为95 ℃,加入溶有5 %的Co的CuZn乙醇溶液加热搅拌回流6 h即得溶胶,溶胶在室温下静置老化10天后即得凝胶,将此凝胶分散在300 mL液体石蜡并用高剪切乳化机剪切乳化,在CO2气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60 ℃程序升温至300 ℃并保持8 h即得浆状催化剂。将此催化剂置于浆态床反应器中并在H2/CO=1,250 ℃,4 MPa的反应条件下进行活性评价,结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为53.2;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为86.3。
实施例13
催化剂采用方式6制备的催化剂。应用条件为H2/CO=2,250 ℃,4 MPa,应用结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为71.8;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为91.4。
实施例14
催化剂采用方式6制备的催化剂。应用条件为H2/CO=3,250 ℃,4 MPa,应用结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为88.4;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为94.3。
实施例15
催化剂采用方式6制备的催化剂。应用条件为H2/CO=2,280 ℃,4 MPa,应用结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为77.4;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为85.3。
实施例16
催化剂采用方式6制备的催化剂。应用条件为H2/CO=2,300 ℃,4 MPa,应用结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为84.3;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为80.4。
实施例17
催化剂采用方式6制备的催化剂。应用条件为H2/CO=2,250 ℃,2 MPa,应用结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为61.0;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为88.6。
实施例18
催化剂采用方式6制备的催化剂。应用条件为H2/CO=2,250 ℃,6 MPa,应用结果:CO转化率(C-mol %)为83.5;CH4选择性(C-mol %)为91.3。
Claims (6)
1.一种浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂,其特征在于催化剂组成为X-Cu/Zn/Al,其中X和Cu为活性组分,Zn为助剂,Al为载体,其组成按摩尔百分比为Cu: Zn: Al=1.0~4.0mol%:0.5~2 mol %: 0.4~1.5 mol %,X占总质量百分比的1~20 %;所述的X为费托组元Fe、Co和Ni的任意一种,所述的Al的载体为AlOOH。
2.如权利要求1中所述的浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂,其特征在于优先制备载体AlOOH,然后加入助剂及活性组分制得催化剂前驱体,最后将所得的催化剂前驱体在惰性介质中进行液相热处理即得浆状催化剂。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂,其特征在于制备方法包括下述步骤:
Ⅰ、采用溶胶凝胶法制备AlOOH或共沉淀法制备Al(OH)3;
Ⅱ、含活性组分、助剂的混合溶液的制备
往步骤Ⅰ所得的载体中加入X化合物、Cu盐和Zn盐的混合溶液,在温度是80~95 ℃加热,时间为5~10 h获得催化剂前驱体;溶剂为水、乙醇和乙二醇;
所述的X化合物是可溶性的硝酸盐、醋酸盐、柠檬酸盐;
Ⅲ、液相热处理过程
将催化剂前驱体分散在惰性介质中,在惰性气氛下以1 ℃/min的升温速率由60 ℃程序升温至300 ℃即得浆状催化剂;
所述的惰性介质包括液体石蜡、PEG高聚物、硅油任意一种;惰性气氛包括N2、He、CO2或N2、He、CO2的任意组合后的混合气体。
4.如权利要求3所述的浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂,其特征在于溶胶凝胶法制备AlOOH载体的方法是:将异丙醇铝加入到蒸馏水中,并在50~80 ℃水解,时间为0.5~3 h,然后加入稀硝酸溶液,继续加热水解,加热水解温度是80~95 ℃,加热水解时间为0.5~2 h获得AlOOH载体;所述的稀硝酸水溶液的质量分数为1~10 %。
5.如权利要求3所述的浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂,其特征在于共沉淀法制备载体Al(OH)3的方法是:将硝酸铝与碳酸钠水溶液并流共沉淀即得Al(OH)3悬浮液,水浴温度是50~70 ℃。
6.如权利要求1所述的浆态床Cu基CO加氢制CH4催化剂,其特征在于应用于浆态床反应器中进行合成气合成CH4,反应温度为200~300 ℃、压力0.1~8.0 MPa、合成气的氢碳比为0.5~3,空速为300~9000L/kgcat•h。
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