CN1065333C - 制冷循环控制装置 - Google Patents

制冷循环控制装置 Download PDF

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CN1065333C
CN1065333C CN93120813A CN93120813A CN1065333C CN 1065333 C CN1065333 C CN 1065333C CN 93120813 A CN93120813 A CN 93120813A CN 93120813 A CN93120813 A CN 93120813A CN 1065333 C CN1065333 C CN 1065333C
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植杉通可
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1216—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for AC-AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/34—Modelling or simulation for control purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0833—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/085—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors against excessive load
    • H02H7/0856—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors against excessive load characterised by the protection measure taken
    • H02H7/0858—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors against excessive load characterised by the protection measure taken by reversing, cycling or reducing the power supply to the motor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Protection Of Generators And Motors (AREA)

Abstract

负荷控制电路15根据来自负荷定值器17、周期计数器18、时钟脉冲发生器19的信号，按预定负荷，向基极激励器5输出PWM控制脉冲信号。当负荷限制电路16利用来自电流检测电路9的信号一旦检测出从倒相电路4流向整流电路2的电流I达到过流电平时，便在每个周期向负荷控制电路15输出作为限制信号的复位信号，将PWM控制信号的负荷限制在一定范围内。于是，由于电流I减少，即使压缩机6及压缩机马达7不停机，也能防止倒相电路4中的晶体管受损。

Description

制冷循环控制装置
本发明涉及通过倒相控制进行压缩机马达速度控制的制冷循环控制装置。
空调器或制冷设备等的制冷循环控制装置，通常通过倒相装置的脉冲宽度控制(以下简称PWM控制)，对压缩机马达的速度进行控制。
该倒相装置虽然具有由半导体器件形成的整流电路及倒相电路，但是为防止半导体器件因过压、过流等非常状态而被破坏，至今一直采用如下的保护动作。
即如平时检测在整流电路和倒相电路之间流过的电流，在该检测电流值上升到作为保护动作点而规定的某一定值时，立刻使倒相电路停止输出，让压缩机马达中止运转。这时，就检测电流上升速度而言，若上升慢则要控制使动作延迟变长，而若上升快则要控制使动作延迟变短。
然而，若根据以往的控制方法，即使通过本来无需进行保护动作的短时过流也施行保护动作，使压缩机停机，但是压缩机一旦停机，使其再启动则要经过一定时间。
并且，实际上即使在产生必须进行保护的过流时，在电流上升非常快时，保护动作迟缓而引起半导体器件的损坏。
鉴于上述情况，本发明的目的在于提供一种制冷循环控制装置，该装置可不使压缩机停机而实施保护动作，并且确实能防止半导体器件的破坏。
作为解决上述问题的手段，本发明备有将来自交流电源的交流电变换成直流电的整流电路；根据从前述整流电路的直流电的输入，把直流电供给驱动压缩机的直流马达用的倒相电路；利用对前述倒相电路所作的PWM控制，控制其输出的PWM拉制电路；以及检测前述流过整流电路和倒相电路之间的电流的电流检测电路。在前述电流检测电路的检测值达到规定电平时，为防止前述整流电路及倒相电路内半导体器件的破坏而进行规定的保护动作的制冷循环控制装置，其特征在于，前述PWM控制电路设有负荷控制电路，该负荷控制电路输出自规定的脉冲上升指定时刻到脉冲下降指定时刻之间的PWM控制脉冲信号，以便达到预先给定的负荷值；还设有负荷限制电路，在由前述规定的脉冲上升指定时刻到脉冲下降指定时刻之间，当前述电流检测电路的检测值达到前述规定的电平时，使前述负荷控制电路停止输出从该时刻到脉冲下降指定时刻的PWM控制脉冲信号。作为前述规定的保护动作，不用使压缩机的驱动马达停止，可在由前述负荷限制电路所限制的输出范围内继续运转。
在上述结构中，通常运转时，负荷控制电路只在从规定的脉冲上升指定时刻到规定的脉冲下降指定时刻之间输出PWM控制脉冲信号，以便达到规定的负荷值。
但是，在从该脉冲上升指定时刻到脉冲下降指定时刻之间，当电流检测电路检测出过流电平的电流时，负荷限制电路就在该时刻使负荷控制电路的输出电路的输出停止。总之，严格地说，断掉在从该时刻到脉冲下降指定时刻之间应该输出的PWM控制脉冲信号，使负荷变小。
因此，由于可使流过半导体器件的电流限制在允许电流以下，所以能不停止压缩机运转而实施保护动作。并且，若利用这样的控制，可不考虑由于保护动作的实施而使压缩机作不必要的停机的情况，所以无需使动作延迟时间相应于电流上升速度而不同，可使动作延迟时间相同。从而，的确能防止因保护动作迟误而引起的半导体器件的破坏。
图1表示本发明的实施例结构方框图；
图2表示说明图1的控制内容的波形图；
图3表示利用图1的控制获得的压缩机马达的特性图。
下面参照图1至图3对本发明的实施例进行说明。图1是表示该实施例的大体结构的方框图。
在图1中，来自交流电源1的交流电通过由二极管形成的整流电路2变换成直流电，用电容器3使其平滑化以后，送至由晶体管形成的倒相电路4。基极激励器5通过向倒相电路4中的晶体管基极输出控制电流，以控制倒相电路4的输出。
根据该倒相电路4的输出，使直接连接到压缩机6的压缩机马达转动。在本实施例中作为该压缩机马达7，采用作为直流马达的元刷马达。因此，通过倒相电路4输出直流电。
而且在本实施例中，磁极位置检测电路8采用根据压缩机马达7的感应电压Va、Vb、Vc检测转子的磁极位置的方式。有关该方式的详情，在特开平3-70886号公报中进行了阐述。
从倒相电路4流向整流电路2的电流I利用电流检测电路9进行检测。该电流检测电路9由分流电阻10、分压电阻11、光电耦合器12、负荷电阻13等组成。
PWM控制电路14根据来自上述磁极位置检测电路8及电流检测电路9的检测信号，把PWM控制脉冲信号输出给基极激励器5。该PWM控制电路14由采用负荷计数器的负荷控制电路15、采用清除电路的负荷限制电路16、负荷定值器17、周期计数器18、时钟脉冲发生器19等组成。
下面说明如上所述构成的本实施例的工作情况。负荷控制电路15及周期计数器18都是减法计数器，周期计数器18每次置零时，则分别寄存负荷数据及周期数据。所谓负荷数据就是从负荷定值器17供给负荷控制电路15的计数数据，若该计数数据大于1，则从负荷控制电路15把PWM控制脉冲信号输出给基极激励器5。
就是说，在通常运转状态中，从负荷控制电路15输出的PWM脉冲控制信号的脉冲上升时刻及脉冲下降时刻，由来自负荷定值器17、周期计数器18、时钟脉冲发生器19的信号决定。只是在两个时刻之间的时间内，将导通信号提供给倒相电路4内的晶体管的基极。
另一方面，负荷控制电路16通过电流检测电路9输入从倒相电路4流向整流电路2的电流I的检测信号。并且，在因压缩机6处于制动状态等原因使电流I上升时，在该检测信号达到规定的电平的时刻，负荷限制电路16向负荷控制电路15输出限制信号即复位信号。
负荷控制电路15输入该复位信号后，即使是处于达到脉冲上升指定时刻还没有输出PWM控制脉冲信号的状态，在该时刻也马上停止输出。因而，PWM控制信号的负荷变得比通常运转状态时还要小，基极激励器5的输出信号的导通时间也变短。
并且，负荷限制电路16只要电流I的检测信号不降至规定电平以下，由于在每个周期输出复位信号，所以后面的PWM控制脉冲信号的负荷受到该复位信号的限制。从而，流过倒相电路4中的晶体管的电流可抑制在安全动作点以下的数值。即使压缩机6及压缩机马达7的运转不停止，也能使晶体管得到保护。
还有在过去，要考虑使压缩机6停机到再起动所花费的时间，相应于检测电流上升速度而使保护动作的延迟时间不同，要尽可能回避不必要的保护动作。在保护动作中产生迟误，有可能破坏晶体管。然而，在如上所述的控制方法中，由于并不是让压缩机停止，所以不那么需要避开进入保护动作，保护动作的延迟时间可以是一定的。因而，若设定好动作延迟时间，使其符合检测电流上升速度快的情况，则在保护动作开始时不产生迟误，可确保防止晶体管的破坏。
图2(a)表示实施上述控制时的负荷控制电路15的输出即PWM控制脉冲信号、电流I的检测信号、负荷限制电路16的输出信号波形的时间图；图2(b)为有关各信号动作对应关系的说明图。
在图2(b)中，电流I一达到电流限制电平时，负荷限制电路16的输出信号便由H信号变为L信号(复位信号)[箭头(イ)]。于是负荷控制电路15马上停止那时正在输出的PWM控制脉冲信号的输出[箭头(ロ)]。因此，电流I也成为零[箭头(ハ)]，负荷限制电路16的复位信号也被解除[箭头(ニ)]。
依据以上所述动作，如图2(a)所示，负荷控制电路15的输出脉冲及电流I的波形的虚线部分被削去。因此，流过倒相电路4内的晶体管的电流减少，能防止管子坡坏。
图3表示实施上述控制时压缩机马达7的指令转速及负荷转矩变化状态的特性图。如该图所示，在实施本发明的保护动作的时刻t1以后，在指令转速及负荷转矩的电平受限制的状态中继续运转，不停机。
如上所述，若根据本发明，由于采用这样的结构，即在检测出过流时便输出将负荷限制在一定范围内的PWM脉冲控制信号，所以不使压缩机停止便可实行保护动作，并且确实能防止半导体器件受损。

Claims (1)

1、一种制冷循环控制装置，它备有将来自交流电源的交流电变化成直流电的整流电路；根据从前述整流电路输入的直流电，把直流电供给用于驱动压缩机的直流马达的倒相电路；通过对前述倒相电路进行PWM控制，而控制其输出的PWM控制电路；以及检测流过前述整流电路和倒相电路之间的电流的电流检测电路，在前速电流检测电路的检测值达到预定电平时，为防止前述整流电路及倒相电路内半导体器件的破坏而进行规定的保护动作，该制冷循环控制装置，其特征在于，前述PWM控制电路设有负荷控制电路，该电路输出自规定的脉冲上升指定时刻到脉冲下降指定时刻之间的PWM控制脉冲信号，以便达到预先给定的负荷值；还设有负荷限制电路，在由前述规定的脉冲上升指定时刻到脉冲下降指定时刻之间，当前述电流检测电路的检测值达到前述规定的电平时，使前述负荷控制电路停止输出从该时刻到脉冲下降指定时刻的PWM控制脉冲信号，作为前述规定的保护动作，不用使压缩机的驱动马达停止，可在由前述负荷限制电路所限制的输出范围内继续运转。
CN93120813A 1992-12-03 1993-12-03 制冷循环控制装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1065333C (zh)

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JP32352792A JP3290481B2 (ja) 1992-12-03 1992-12-03 冷凍サイクル制御装置
JP323527/92 1992-12-03
JP323527/1992 1992-12-03

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CN1065333C true CN1065333C (zh) 2001-05-02

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US5483141A (en) 1996-01-09
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GB9324775D0 (en) 1994-01-19

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