CN106531984A - 一种低温锂离子电池 - Google Patents
一种低温锂离子电池 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-prop-2-enylphenol Chemical group C1=C(CC=C)C(O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(O)C(CC=C)=C1 QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WXBWKMLIVXELSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoro-n,n-dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C(F)(F)F WXBWKMLIVXELSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种低温锂离子电池,包括正极极片、负极极片、隔膜和低温电解液以及外壳,所述正极极片、负极极片包括有正极活性物质、负极活性物质、粘结剂及导电剂。所述的正极活性物质为钴酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂中的一种或多种混合物,正极活性物质占正极极片涂层总质量的80%‑‑‑97%,涂层的压实密度为3.2‑3.5,正极极片涂层单面面密度为50‑210g/㎡。负极活性物质为人造石墨,负极活性物质占负极极片涂层总质量的85%‑‑‑95%,涂层的压实密度为1.2‑1.45,负极极片涂层单面面密度为40‑110g/㎡。所述低温电解液,由以下质量百分比的组分组成:5‑20%的六氟磷酸锂,1‑5%的四氟硼酸锂,20‑30%的碳酸乙烯酯,20‑30%的碳酸甲乙酯,20‑40%的乙酸甲酯,0.5‑2%亚硫酸乙酯,0.5‑2%的N,N‑二甲基三氟乙酰胺。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种低温锂离子电池。
背景技术
目前,锂离子电池由于其具有高电压和高能量密度的特点,且清洁高效对环境无污染,广泛应用于消费电子,汽车,电动车,储能等各个领域上,由于锂离子电池电解液以高分子有机物作为溶剂,而每种溶剂都具有一定的溶点、沸点及闪点,且地球上各地方温度差异大,因此,锂离子电池在使用仍存在一些不足,其使用的范围受到限制,尤其在低温场合比如特殊通讯、高寒地区生活、极地科考、航空航天领域,都对锂离子电池的低温放电具有较高的要求。但使用的环境温度过低时,锂离子电池的性能就会下降。
其主要原因为:1.电解液在低温环境下,粘度增大,甚至出现结冰现象,其电导率大大下降;2.正负极材料内锂离子的迁移速度变慢;3.电极/电解液界面上扩散、电荷转移速率减缓;4.隔膜的润湿和/或透过性变差。以上因素严重制约其在低温条件下使用。
通常,锂离子电池在低温下使用,需要满足以下几个基本要求:1.在一定低温条件下,其具有较高的放电初始电压,以满足设备启动,一般为大于3.0V;2.一定低温条件下,其保持一定的容量,以保证设备的续航需求,其低温放电容量一般为常温容量的60%以上;3.在一定的温度存储条件下,具有良好的储存性能,满电态55℃下存储12h,容量保持率85%,厚度膨胀小于3%,4.良好的寿命,室温下,0.5C循环测试800周其容量保持80%。
因此,提高锂离子电池在低温条件下的充放电性能,可以用有效的扩大锂离子电池的应用领域。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种在低温条件下使用效果好的锂离子电池。
采用的技术方案如下:
一种低温锂离子电池,包括正极极片、负极极片、隔膜和低温电解液以及外壳,所述正极极片包括有正极活性物质、粘结剂及导电剂;所述负极极片包括负极活性物质、粘结剂及导电剂;其特征在于:所述的正极活性物质为钴酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂中的一种或多种混合物,正极活性物质占正极极片涂层总质量的80%---97%,为保证正极极片涂层与电解液充分接触,涂层的压实密度为3.2-3.5,正极极片涂层单面面密度为50-210g/㎡;负极活性物质为人造石墨,负极活性物质占负极极片涂层总质量的85%---95%,为保证负极极片涂层与电解液充分接触,涂层的压实密度为1.2-1.45,负极极片涂层单面面密度为40-110g/㎡;所述低温电解液,由以下质量百分比的组分组成:5-20%的六氟磷酸锂,1-5%的四氟硼酸锂,20-30%的碳酸乙烯酯,20-30%的碳酸甲乙酯,20-40%的乙酸甲酯,0.5-2%亚硫酸乙酯,0.5-2%的N,N-二甲基三氟乙酰胺。
如上所述一种低温锂离子电池,其特征在于所述电池结构采用叠层结构,将正极极片、负极极片、隔膜依次叠层组装成锂离子电池。
如上所述一种低温锂离子电池,其特征在于所述的正极活性物质的粒径为2-12um;负极活性物质的粒径为8-20um。
如上所述一种低温锂离子电池,其特征在于所述低温电解液,由以下质量百分比的组分组成:5-15%的六氟磷酸锂,1-5%的四氟硼酸锂,15-30%的碳酸乙烯酯,15-30%的碳酸甲乙酯,30-40%的乙酸甲酯,0.5-1.8%亚硫酸乙酯,0.6-2%的N,N-二甲基三氟乙酰胺。
如上所述一种低温锂离子电池,其特征在于所述正极极片涂层单面面密度为70-190g/㎡;负极极片涂层单面面密度为60-100g/㎡。
本发明具有如下优点:
本案通过优化电解液组分和比例,使电解液在较低温度条件下,保持较高的电导率,对正负极极片中活性物质的物理特性进行优化筛选,适用适合低温下放电的材料粒径,提高活性材料的比表面积,使电解液可以与之充分接触,提高低温下电解液与活性物质界面之间的传递通道,保持良好的离子传导能力。在-40度下,0.5C放电其容量保持85%其室温下放电容量,放电初始电压大于3.3V。所得的锂离子电池具有良好的低温放电特性,大大拓宽了锂离子电池的使用范围和空间。
附图说明
图1为本发明的20度与-40度放电曲线图。
图2为本发明的循环测试曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
本次以聚合物锂离子电池P854565-2300mAh进行说明描述,该电池包括正极极片、负极极片、隔膜、低温电解液、铝塑膜外壳。所述正极极片包括有正极活性物质、粘结剂及导电剂;所述负极极片包括负极活性物质、粘结剂及导电剂。
在正极极片中,正极活性物质为钴酸锂,其粒径为2-12um,优选为5-8um。在极片涂层中占质量比85-95%,导电剂占质量比3-6%,粘结剂占其总质量比的2-3%,正极极片涂层单面面密度为50-210g/㎡,优选为70-190g/㎡。此实例最优选:钴酸锂93.5%,导电剂4.2%,粘结剂2.3%。其涂层单面面密度为195g/㎡,制成该型号的极片涂层的压实密度为3.4,最终极片的厚度为130um。当然,正极活性物质也可以是钴酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂中的一种或多种混合物。
在负极极片中,负极活性物质为人造石墨,其粒径为8-20um,优选为10-12um。在极片涂层中占质量比85-95%,导电剂占质量比3-6%,粘结剂占其总质量比的2-3%,负极极片涂层单面面密度为40-110g/㎡,优选为60-100g/㎡。此实例优选:人造石墨94%,导电剂2.2%,粘结剂3.8%,其涂层单面面密度为95g/㎡,制成该型号的极片极片涂层的压实密度为1.35,最终极片的厚度为145um。
而低温电解液,按照以下物质的质量百分比配制而成:12.5%的六氟磷酸锂,1%的四氟硼酸锂,30%的碳酸乙烯酯(EC),25%的碳酸甲乙酯(EMC),30%的乙酸甲酯(MA),1.0%亚硫酸乙酯(ES),0.5%的N,N-二甲基三氟乙酰胺(DTA),在手套箱中,控制湿度和氧气含量在0.1ppm一下,将各组分混合均匀,得到锂离子电池的低温电解液。
当然,低温电解液,还可以按照以下物质的质量百分比配制而成:5%的六氟磷酸锂,2%的四氟硼酸锂,25%的碳酸乙烯酯(EC),30%的碳酸甲乙酯(EMC),35%的乙酸甲酯(MA),2.0%亚硫酸乙酯(ES),1.0%的N,N-二甲基三氟乙酰胺(DTA),在手套箱中,控制湿度和氧气含量在0.1ppm一下,将各组分混合均匀,得到锂离子电池的低温电解液。
低温电解液,还可以按照以下物质的质量百分比配制而成:9.5%的六氟磷酸锂,5%的四氟硼酸锂,28%的碳酸乙烯酯(EC),27%的碳酸甲乙酯(EMC),28%的乙酸甲酯(MA),0.5%亚硫酸乙酯(ES),2.0%的N,N-二甲基三氟乙酰胺(DTA),在手套箱中,控制湿度和氧气含量在0.1ppm一下,将各组分混合均匀,得到锂离子电池的低温电解液。
将上述所得的极片组装成锂离子电池半成品,然后将低温电解液注入锂离子电池半成品,经过化成,抽气分容等工序制作成锂离子电池。
将电池在20℃和-40℃下进行0.5C充放电容量测试,其结果见图1。
将上述所得的低温锂离子电池,以0.5C测试容量后,将其充满电,置于55℃的高温箱中,搁置24h后测量其厚度及内阻,并0.5C放电测试容量,其结果见下表:
将所得的低温锂离子电池,在环境25℃下,以0.5C进行充放电循环测试,其300周后容量保持为95.5%,见附图2。
由上表数据说明,所得的低温锂离子电池,具有良好的低温放电特性,满足各地区不同环境的使用要求。
Claims (5)
1.一种低温锂离子电池,包括正极极片、负极极片、隔膜和低温电解液以及外壳,所述正极极片包括有正极活性物质、粘结剂及导电剂;所述负极极片包括负极活性物质、粘结剂及导电剂;
其特征在于:所述的正极活性物质为钴酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂中的一种或多种混合物,正极活性物质占正极极片涂层总质量的80%---97%,为保证正极极片涂层与电解液充分接触,涂层的压实密度为3.2-3.5,正极极片涂层单面面密度为50-210g/㎡;
负极活性物质为人造石墨,负极活性物质占负极极片涂层总质量的85%---95%,为保证负极极片涂层与电解液充分接触,涂层的压实密度为1.2-1.45,负极极片涂层单面面密度为40-110g/㎡;
所述低温电解液,由以下质量百分比的组分组成:5-20%的六氟磷酸锂,1-5%的四氟硼酸锂,20-30%的碳酸乙烯酯,20-30%的碳酸甲乙酯,20-40%的乙酸甲酯,0.5-2%亚硫酸乙酯,0.5-2%的N,N-二甲基三氟乙酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种低温锂离子电池,其特征在于所述电池结构采用叠层结构,将正极极片、负极极片、隔膜依次叠层组装成锂离子电池。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述一种低温锂离子电池,其特征在于所述的正极活性物质的粒径为2-12um;负极活性物质的粒径为8-20um。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述一种低温锂离子电池,其特征在于所述低温电解液,由以下质量百分比的组分组成:5-15%的六氟磷酸锂,1-5%的四氟硼酸锂,15-30%的碳酸乙烯酯,15-30%的碳酸甲乙酯,30-40%的乙酸甲酯,0.5-1.8%亚硫酸乙酯,0.6-2%的N,N-二甲基三氟乙酰胺。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述一种低温锂离子电池,其特征在于所述正极极片涂层单面面密度为70-190g/㎡;负极极片涂层单面面密度为60-100g/㎡。
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