CN106524939A - Crack three-dimensional state monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents
Crack three-dimensional state monitoring system and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106524939A CN106524939A CN201610936136.2A CN201610936136A CN106524939A CN 106524939 A CN106524939 A CN 106524939A CN 201610936136 A CN201610936136 A CN 201610936136A CN 106524939 A CN106524939 A CN 106524939A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
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Abstract
The invention provides a crack three-dimensional state monitoring method. The method includes the following steps that: (1) a laser range finder at one side of a crack is utilized to measure three vertexes of a triangular light reflection frame arranged at the other side of the crack, so that the distances, vertical angles and horizontal angles from the three vertexes of the triangular light reflection frame to the center of the probe of the laser range finder can be obtained; (2) the step (1) is repeated, data measured in different periods are obtained; (3) the position changes of the three vertexes of the triangular light reflection frame are calculated according to the data measured in the different periods, so that the space coordinate change of the crack can be obtained. The invention also provides a crack three-dimensional state monitoring system. The crack three-dimensional state monitoring system comprises a laser range finder and a triangular light reflection frame; the laser range finder and the triangular light reflection frame are fixed to the ground by monitoring piers; and the three vertexes of the triangular light reflection frame are provided with three total-reflection prisms respectively. The crack three-dimensional state monitoring system and monitoring method of invention have the advantages of structural simplicity, high precision, convenience, easiness in use and high reliability, and are suitable for three-dimensional monitoring of cracks caused by landslides or other geological disasters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring method and monitoring system, belong to engineering geologic fissure and ground
Matter disaster fracturing Crack Monitoring field.
Background technology
It is distributed in population concentration residential area and roadside more in reservoir area of Three Gorges high cutting-slope group and there is " steep ", " height "
Morphological feature, the state quality of its stability are seriously related to the security of the lives and property and the economic construction activity of relocation of people from reservoir areas, right
Take monitoring measure very necessary in which.Surface cracks change is the key parameter and important table for judging landslide Stability Analysis
Levy, its important ring in monitoring as landslide monitoring is essential.
The domestic monitoring means to surface cracks predominantly measures the displacement meter of fracture width change by kinds of schemes,
Such as：It is based on foil gauge, based on fiber grating, based on convergence gauge, based on crack sensors and LF types difference resistive split
Seam meter.Above-mentioned collection Instrumental mostly is the monitoring means of single dimension, and monitoring information is excessively simple.Chinese Academy of Sciences's geology and the earth
Physical study is based on the three-dimensional cracking instrument of special three-dimensional slide measure design and the mechanical crack of IGG-1 types of Li Xiao designs
Meter, can preferably react the three-dimensional numerical value change in crack, but Mechanical Design makes its precision still have further room for promotion.State
External surface cracks monitoring possesses many special instruments, such as the JM series of slits meters of Roctest companies of Canada, PF25 cracks
Meter, the crack gauge of REPP drone version slit gauges, the type vibration wire slit gauge of SOIL companies of Britain and other company's productions, crack
Meter, displacement meter (multiple spot) and land movement meter, can not all realize that the earth's surface three-dimensional state in crack is monitored, or monitoring accuracy is low
Not with reference value.In addition with based on the technology fracture such as INSAR, 3 D laser scanning and GPS, micro rupture imaging
The monitoring of distribution and law of development, but excessively macroscopic view, it is impossible to the growth course in the single crack of precision monitor, or can only be anti-
Reflect the settling characteristics of ground fissure.
As ground fissure factors caused crack is numerous, its deformation process is necessarily complicated, solid, the ground cleave gap-like of single dimension
State variation monitoring is not enough to react its deformation behaviour and genesis mechanism.Therefore, the three-dimensional state variation monitoring side to surface cracks
Method is significant.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring method and monitoring
System, simple structure, reasonable in design, technology maturation, high accuracy, cost performance are high, facilitate easy-to-use, can monitor landslide or geology calamity
The crack three-dimensional state change of evil fracturing, is suitable for the use of engineering geology field.
The present invention for the solution technical scheme that adopts of its technical problem is：Supervise there is provided a kind of change of crack three-dimensional state
Survey method, comprises the following steps：
(1) using being fixed on the laser range finder of crack side to being fixed on three of the triangle reflection frame of crack opposite side
Summit measures respectively, and when measuring every time, the laser of laser range finder transmitting is by positioned at the complete of three summits of triangle reflection frame
Reflecting prism reflects, so as to the distance of laser range finder center probe, vertical arrive on three summits for measuring triangle reflection frame respectively
Angle and horizontal angle；
(2) repeat step (1), obtains the data of different times measurement；
(3) change in location on three summits of triangle reflection frame is calculated according to the data of different times measurement, crack is obtained
Space coordinates change.
When step (1) is measured, triangle reflection frame place plane is parallel with fracture strike.
A target, the target are respectively provided with by the total reflection prism on three summits of step (1) the triangle reflection frame
Distance of the distance away from its nearest total reflection prism with laser ranging instrument probe away from laser range finder auxiliary lamp is identical, during measurement,
Laser range finder auxiliary lamp is aimed at into target, so that the laser of laser range finder transmitting is totally reflected prismatic reflection.
Step (2) data for obtaining different times measurement, period is every according to geological activity and fracture development feelings at that time
Condition determines that interval is 10 days to one month.
Step (3) data according to different times measurement calculate the change in location on three summits of triangle reflection frame,
Specifically include the gross space change and stage space change of each point：
The gross space variable quantity of summit A is：
The stage space variable quantity of summit A is：
The gross space variable quantity of summit B is：
The stage space variable quantity of summit B is：
The gross space variable quantity of summit C is：
The stage space variable quantity of summit C is：
Wherein, i ∈ [2, n], n are that measurement period is total, A (Δ xA,ΔyA,ΔzA)、B(ΔxB,ΔyB,ΔzB) and
C(ΔxC,ΔyC,ΔzC) respectively represent summit A, B and C location variation,WithI ＆ lt is represented respectively
The distance of summit A, B and C to laser range finder center probe during monitoring,WithPush up when representing that i ＆ lt is monitored respectively
Vertical angles of point A, B and the C to laser range finder center probe,WithSummit A, B and C when representing that i ＆ lt is monitored respectively
To the horizontal angle of laser range finder center probe.
Invention also provides a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring system of monitoring method, including position respectively
In the laser range finder and triangle reflection frame of crack both sides, the laser range finder and triangle reflection frame are solid by monitoring pier respectively
Due to ground；Three summits of the triangle reflection frame are respectively equipped with a total reflection prism.
A target is respectively provided with by the total reflection prism of three apexes of triangle reflection frame, the target is nearest away from which
Distance of the distance of total reflection prism with laser ranging instrument probe away from laser range finder auxiliary lamp is identical.
The triangle reflection frame is except the position whole application black of total reflection prism.
The present invention is had advantageous effect in that based on its technical scheme：
(1) present invention obtains the spatial variations data of crack both sides Dian Yumian positions using the mode of laser ranging, can
The spatial variations dynamic in crack is accurately reflected, the three dimensional change state in crack is obtained, due to the mode technology maturation of laser ranging,
Its precision is higher relative to the metering system of ultrasonic wave, machinery, reasonable in design, can more accurately measure the three-dimensional change in crack
Change state；
(2) measuring method of the invention adopts this contactless metering system of laser ranging, has surveyed detachable, has compared
In Mechanical measurement mode is more affected by environment, not moisture-sensitive；
(3) it is two survey piers that measuring method of the invention mainly builds facility, when the laser range finder for using is non-measured still
Can be used for elsewhere, measuring method integrally puts into little, good economy performance, involved instrument is mature technology, reliability in whole method
Good, maintenance is little；
(4) measuring method of the invention can reflect the change of triangle reflection rack-like state with three total reflection prism points, due to
Triangle reflection frame is parallel with fracture planes, can obtain indirectly the three-dimensional state change of crack section, by many phase various dimensions cracks
The monitoring of development information can more fully disclose its development trend and the impact to above ground structure and structures, contribute to more
Good explanation landslide causes calamity mechanism, high cutting-slope development characteristics, mineral products goaf ground fissure to cause calamity mechanism；
(5) crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring system of the invention provides a kind of realization side exclusively for its measuring method
Just, the hardware platform of simple structure, is provided with target by the total reflection prism of its three apex of triangle reflection frame, is remote range finding
Target benchmark is taken aim in offer, further improves measurement accuracy.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is for overall structure diagram in one embodiment of the present of invention；
Fig. 2 is computational methods schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 laser inclinometer schematic diagrames of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the monitoring pier schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the triangle reflecting plate schematic diagram of the present invention
In figure：1 ground, 2 monitoring pier A, 3 laser range finders, 4 triangle reflection framves, 5 monitoring pier B, 31 foot screws, 32 data
Display screen, 33 horizontal rotating discs, 34 laser ranging probes, 35 laser assisted lamps, 36 vertical spirals, 37 operation buttons, 38 horizontal spiral shells
Rotation, 39 bottom screws, 41 total reflection prism A, 42 total reflection prism B, 43 total reflection prism C, 44 targets, 51 preformed holes, 52 prisons
Survey pier pier body.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring method, comprises the following steps：
(1) using being fixed on the laser range finder of crack side to being fixed on three of the triangle reflection frame of crack opposite side
Summit measures respectively, and when measuring every time, the laser of laser range finder transmitting is by positioned at the complete of three summits of triangle reflection frame
Reflecting prism reflects, so as to the distance of laser range finder center probe, vertical arrive on three summits for measuring triangle reflection frame respectively
Angle and horizontal angle；
(2) repeat step (1), obtains the data of different times measurement；
(3) change in location on three summits of triangle reflection frame is calculated according to the data of different times measurement, crack is obtained
Space coordinates change.
When step (1) is measured, triangle reflection frame place plane is parallel with fracture strike.
A target, the target are respectively provided with by the total reflection prism on three summits of step (1) the triangle reflection frame
Distance of the distance away from its nearest total reflection prism with laser ranging instrument probe away from laser range finder auxiliary lamp is identical, during measurement,
Laser range finder auxiliary lamp is aimed at into target, so that the laser of laser range finder transmitting is totally reflected prismatic reflection.
Step (2) data for obtaining different times measurement, period is every according to geological activity and fracture development feelings at that time
Condition determines that interval is 10 days to one month：For developing slow ground fissure, general control phase in every month, for
The ground fissure for changing greatly can be accurate to per a phase on the ten, while increasing by each issue number to avoid accidental error, improve accuracy.
The monitoring issue n with the Crack Monitoring data stabilization or other be manually set situation as condition determine.
Step (3) data according to different times measurement calculate the change in location on three summits of triangle reflection frame,
Specifically include the gross space change and stage space change of each point：
The gross space variable quantity of summit A is：
The stage space variable quantity of summit A is：
The gross space variable quantity of summit B is：
The stage space variable quantity of summit B is：
The gross space variable quantity of summit C is：
The stage space variable quantity of summit C is：
Wherein, i ∈ [2, n], n are that measurement period is total, A (Δ xA,ΔyA,ΔzA)、B(ΔxB,ΔyB,ΔzB) and C (Δs
xC,ΔyC,ΔzC) respectively represent summit A, B and C location variation,WithRespectively represent i ＆ lt monitor when summit A,
Distances of the B and C to laser range finder center probe,WithWhen representing that i ＆ lt is monitored respectively, summit A, B and C are to laser
The vertical angle of rangefinder center probe,WithWhen representing that i ＆ lt is monitored respectively, summit A, B and C is visited to laser range finder
The horizontal angle at head center.
During monitor i ＆ lt that each phase obtains fracture development deformation tendency be obtained with the variable quantity of the i-th -1 time, it is right
Than corresponding side slope accumulation displacement prediction model (such as vegetarian rattan model) and be applied to side slope or other geologic bodies stability it is pre-
Survey forecast.
Invention also provides a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring system of monitoring method, with reference to Fig. 1, bag
The laser range finder 3 and triangle reflection frame 4 respectively positioned at crack both sides is included, the laser range finder 3 and triangle reflection frame 4 are distinguished
Ground 1 is fixed on by monitoring pier, two monitoring piers respectively monitor pier A2 and monitoring pier B5.
With reference to Fig. 3,3 structure of laser range finder is similar with automatic theodolite, and three foot screws 31 are used for conditioning instrumentation level,
To ensure instrument in horizontal operation general work, aid in ensureing level, data display screen 32 and operation button with related levels instrument
37 are used for showing, record measured horizontal angle, vertical angle and distance, and flat spin 38 adjusts the left/right rotation of bottom level rotating disk 33
Dynamic, vertical spiral 36 adjusts the vertical rotation of laser ranging probe part, and laser assisted lamp 35 is to coordinate laser ranging probe
34 find measurement target, and bottom screw 39 is to be fixed on monitoring pier.
With reference to Fig. 5, at the top of monitoring pier pier body 52, preformed hole 51 is provided with, can be used to embedded triangle reflection frame 4, or arrange
Screw is with fixed laser rangefinder 3.Pier body is used to provide carrying platform for triangle reflection frame and laser range finder, hard from material
Gu resistant to corrosion, weight size are selected premised on not affecting fracture development.
With reference to Fig. 4, the triangle reflection frame is fixed in the preformed hole of monitoring pier.Its three summits A, B and C are respectively equipped with
One total reflection prism, respectively total reflection prism A41, total reflection prism B42 and total reflection prism C43, for by Laser Measuring
The laser original road of distance meter transmitting reflects back；A target is respectively provided with by the total reflection prism of three apexes of triangle reflection frame
Mark 44, distance of the target away from its nearest total reflection prism and distance of the laser ranging instrument probe away from laser range finder auxiliary lamp
It is identical.The triangle reflection frame is except the position whole application black of total reflection prism.
It is below to carry out crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring using the crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring system of the present invention
Process：
(1) after fracture carries out related survey, confirm emphasis monitoring position；
(2) crack both sides respectively close to crack at be respectively provided with monitoring pier A, monitoring pier B, monitor pier A upper end centers
Place is provided with screw, for fixed laser rangefinder 3, monitoring pier B upper ends fixed triangles parabolic reflector 4, and triangle reflection frame 4 is walked with crack
To parallel.
(3) due to monitoring single crack both sides relative displacement change, therefore do not consider its space coordinates, but need to fix its office
Laser range finder 3 is fixed on monitoring pier A by bottom screw 39 by portion's coordinate system using screw, and rotation foot screw 31 is to water
Flat, fixed inceptive direction when measuring every time measures 34 center of laser ranging probe for each issue to monitoring pier unanimously as x-axis
The height on surface is eliminating z-axis error；
(4) top lasers auxiliary lamp 35 is opened, operates 38 left-right rotation horizontal rotating disc 33 of flat spin, rotated upwardly and downwardly vertically
Spiral 36, treats that laser assisted lamp aims at target 44, is found range, using level shown in 37 record data display screen 32 of operation button
Angle, vertical angle, distance；
(5) by step (4) process, total reflection prism A, total reflection prism B and total reflection prism C points are measured successively
Horizontal angle, vertical angle, distance are simultaneously recorded；
(6) indoor calculating：
With reference to Fig. 2, by taking first phase measurement point A as an example, with 34 center of laser ranging probe as origin, horizontal angleIt is perpendicular
Right angleRange findingIt is as follows that first phase data measured is expressed as each point coordinates：
Then the n phases monitor and can continue to obtain data：
A2、A3、A4……An；
B2、B3、B4……Bn；
C2、C3、C4……Cn。
For each point, after carrying out n phase monitorings, space coordinates variable quantity is：
The gross space variable quantity of summit A is：
The gross space variable quantity of summit B is：
The gross space variable quantity of summit C is：
The change of the space coordinates of each point namely the space three-dimensional change of the point, represent splitting between two monitoring piers
Three dimensions change produced by seam.Tri- space of points changes in coordinates of A, B, C can average to reduce error.
The stage space variable quantity of summit A is：
The stage space variable quantity of summit B is：
The stage space variable quantity of summit C is：
Wherein, i ∈ [2, n], n are that measurement period is total, A (Δ xA,ΔyA,ΔzA)、B(ΔxB,ΔyB,ΔzB) and C (Δs
xC,ΔyC,ΔzC) respectively represent summit A, B and C location variation,WithRespectively represent i ＆ lt monitor when summit A,
Distances of the B and C to laser range finder center probe,WithWhen representing that i ＆ lt is monitored respectively, summit A, B and C are to laser
The vertical angle of rangefinder center probe,WithWhen representing that i ＆ lt is monitored respectively, summit A, B and C is visited to laser range finder
The horizontal angle at head center.During monitor i ＆ lt that each phase obtains fracture development deformation be obtained with the variable quantity of the i-th -1 time
Trend, contrasts corresponding side slope accumulation displacement prediction model (such as vegetarian rattan model) and is applied to the steady of side slope or other geologic bodies
Qualitative forecasting is forecast.
For expansion, if monitoring pier A is dropped back to from crack, remotely, monitoring by GPS can be by above-mentioned local coordinate
System includes the change that Beijing coordinate system monitors its spatial attitude, the fracture spaces attitude of monitoring DunAChu can be included monitoring in the same manner,
So as to obtain the change procedure of the three-dimensional of the relative attitude of the crack both sides.According to this, the method can be extended to other field, such as
Ground produces building attitude monitoring of differential settlement etc..
The three-dimension monitor method in the crack of the present invention has simple structure, reasonable in design, high accuracy, cost performance height, convenience
Easy-to-use the characteristics of, in whole method, involved instrument is mature technology, and good reliability, maintenance are little.It is highly suitable to be applied for sliding
Slope or other geological disaster fracturing crack 3 D stereo monitorings.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) using being fixed on the laser range finder of crack side to being fixed on three summits of the triangle reflection frame of crack opposite side
Measure respectively, when measuring every time, the laser of laser range finder transmitting is by the total reflection positioned at three summits of triangle reflection frame
Prismatic reflection, so as to three summits for measuring triangle reflection frame arrive respectively the distance of laser range finder center probe, vertical angle and
Horizontal angle；
(2) repeat step (1), obtains the data of different times measurement；
(3) change in location on three summits of triangle reflection frame is calculated according to the data of different times measurement, the sky in crack is obtained
Between changes in coordinates.
2. three-dimensional state variation monitoring method in crack according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (1) is measured
When, triangle reflection frame place plane is parallel with fracture strike.
3. three-dimensional state variation monitoring method in crack according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (1) triangle
A target, distance of the target away from its nearest total reflection prism are respectively provided with by the total reflection prism on three summits of parabolic reflector
It is identical with distance of the laser ranging instrument probe away from laser range finder auxiliary lamp, during measurement, by laser range finder auxiliary lamp aiming target
Mark, so that the laser of laser range finder transmitting is totally reflected prismatic reflection.
4. three-dimensional state variation monitoring method in crack according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (2) is described to be obtained
The data of different times measurement, at that time during every being determined according to geological activity and fracture intensity, interval be 10 days extremely
One month.
5. three-dimensional state variation monitoring method in crack according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (3) basis
The data of different times measurement calculate the change in location on three summits of triangle reflection frame, specifically include the gross space change of each point
And stage space change：
The gross space variable quantity of summit A is：
The stage space variable quantity of summit A is：
The gross space variable quantity of summit B is：
The stage space variable quantity of summit B is：
The gross space variable quantity of summit C is：
The stage space variable quantity of summit C is：
Wherein, i ∈ [2, n], n are that measurement period is total, A (Δ xA,ΔyA,ΔzA)、B(ΔxB,ΔyB,ΔzB) and C (Δ xC,Δ
yC,ΔzC) respectively represent summit A, B and C location variation,WithSummit A, B and C when representing that i ＆ lt is monitored respectively
To the distance of laser range finder center probe,WithWhen representing that i ＆ lt is monitored respectively, summit A, B and C are to laser ranging
The vertical angle at instrument probe center,WithWhen representing that i ＆ lt is monitored respectively, summit A, B and C is in laser ranging instrument probe
The horizontal angle of the heart.
6. a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring system based on monitoring method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Including
Respectively positioned at the laser range finder and triangle reflection frame of crack both sides, the laser range finder and triangle reflection frame are respectively by prison
Survey pier and be fixed on ground；Three summits of the triangle reflection frame are respectively equipped with a total reflection prism.
7. three-dimensional state variation monitoring system in crack according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The triangle reflection frame three
A target, distance and Laser Measuring of the target away from its nearest total reflection prism are respectively provided with by the total reflection prism of individual apex
The distance that distance meter is popped one's head in away from laser range finder auxiliary lamp is identical.
8. three-dimensional state variation monitoring system in crack according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The triangle reflection frame is removed
The position whole application black of total reflection prism.
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| CN111222094A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-06-02 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Evaluation technology of residual error after application of Fouche fracture occurrence probability distribution calculation method |
| CN111222094B (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2021-08-27 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Evaluation method of residual error after application of Fouche fracture occurrence probability distribution calculation method |
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