CN102589488B - Optical vernier and method for detecting planeness and gradient using same - Google Patents
Optical vernier and method for detecting planeness and gradient using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102589488B CN102589488B CN201210037175.0A CN201210037175A CN102589488B CN 102589488 B CN102589488 B CN 102589488B CN 201210037175 A CN201210037175 A CN 201210037175A CN 102589488 B CN102589488 B CN 102589488B
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Abstract
The invention provides an optical vernier which comprises a base and a vernier body vertically arranged at one end of the base, wherein the bottom of the base just below the vernier body is provided with a fixed bolt, two adjusting screws penetrate through the base, the base is further provided with a bubble water level, the vernier body is provided with a digital vernier in a covering way, and the digital vernier is connected with an optical target. The method for detecting the planeness and the gradient comprises the following steps of: selecting a plurality of detecting points, and recording the coordinate value of each detecting point; stably erecting and leveling a balance level, putting the optical vernier on a place to be detected, detecting the height of any one of detecting points, and setting reference height; sequentially detecting the altitude difference values of the other detecting points; and finding out three special detecting points to be defined to be highest points, wherein the plane formed by the three special detecting points is a reference plane, computing the distance between each detecting point and the reference plane, and taking a maximum value as the planeness of the plane to be detected. The optical vernier provided by the invention is high in detection precision, convenient and quick to detect, convenient to operate at an engineering site, objective and exact in the evaluation data of the planeness, and less influenced by human factors.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to flatness and degree of tilt detection field, is specifically a kind of method of optical scale detection plane degree and degree of tilt.
Background technology
In various test-beds, platform base is for the basis of precision mechanical part is installed, framework of steel reinforcement normal and civil engineering structure welds together, for guaranteeing mechanical part installation accuracy and stability, its installed surface should be able to closely engage with platform base surface, therefore the flatness on platform base surface and levelness be there are certain requirements.Because platform base is mounted when the civil engineering, so the flatness on platform base surface and degree of tilt detect and must carry out at the scene, and necessary plane polishing also can only on-the-spot handwork.
Conventionally, platform base flatness is detected and adopts dull and stereotyped detection method, in plane was seized, coat red lead, test flat plate is placed in plane was seized, carries out appropriate to-and-fro movement, by observing and record the distribution of plane was seized contact point and the quantity of unit area contact point, evaluate the flatness of dull and stereotyped pedestal, then the manual grinding that repeatedly hockets detects with dull and stereotyped, until flatness meets the requirements, finally with combined diagram level, measures degree of tilt.The method not only execute-in-place is time-consuming, and cannot provide objective flatness evaluating data, and polishing and testing result are affected by human factors larger.
And it is more advanced, while utilizing height differences by leveling method to detect large flat planeness of workpiece, the discrepancy in elevation that needs each measurement point of measuring workpieces surface, specific practice is to be with graduated scale to be placed in respectively each measurement point of surface of the work, with the spirit-leveling instrument leaf sight scale setting up, by scale reading, obtain the discrepancy in elevation of each measurement point.The scale that is generally used for measurement of the level is only the common ruler with bubble level, without any levelling gear, by aiming rule groove with it, carry out reading, the minimum calibration of groove is 0.5mm, blade vertical precision and groove pointing accuracy are all very low, and then final flatness detection data precision is reduced greatly.
Summary of the invention
For the defect existing in prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of optical scale detection plane degree and degree of tilt, its measuring accuracy is high, convenient to operation, be convenient to engineering site operation, flatness evaluating data is objective and accurate, convenient for the polishing that meets the requirements, and is affected by human factors little.
For reaching above object, the invention provides a kind of optical scale, comprise pedestal and the blade that is vertically installed in pedestal one end, base bottom surface under described blade is provided with a gib screw, pedestal runs through and is provided with two and adjusts screws away from the other end of blade, and pedestal upper surface is also provided with a bubble level, and blade is arranged with digital vernier, numeral vernier connects a geometrical clamp, and the geometrical clamp other end is provided with an optical target.
On the basis of technique scheme, described two adjustment screws are symmetrically distributed in the both sides of closing on pedestal, and two lines of adjusting screws are perpendicular to blade.
On the basis of technique scheme, described digital vernier comprises vernier and connected digital display reading unit, and the two is connected with blade by trip bolt respectively, and described vernier is also provided with fine-tuning nut.
On the basis of technique scheme, described optical target is the optical glass with line of sight.
On the basis of technique scheme, described blade bottom is circular rod member, inserts and be articulated in described pedestal.
On the basis of technique scheme, described blade bottom is fixedly inserted in described pedestal.
Optical scale of the present invention can be adjusted screw by two and carry out pedestal leveling, therefore improved the vertical precision of blade, increased optical target simultaneously, for providing, spirit-leveling instrument aims at basis, improve pointing accuracy, it is simple in structure, is applicable to the surperficial vertical survey of large and medium-sized flat panel workpieces, is particularly useful for the Site Detection of fine structure installation work.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of applying above-mentioned optical scale detection plane degree and degree of tilt, comprises the steps: that S1. sets up rectangular coordinate system at the detected face of platform, chooses a plurality of measurement points, records the coordinate figure of each measurement point; S2. spirit-leveling instrument steady rest is located at by platform, and level-off; S3. optical scale is placed on detected face, utilizes optical scale and spirit-leveling instrument to measure the height of any one measurement point, and be made as altitude datum; Utilize successively optical scale and spirit-leveling instrument to measure the high difference between other measurement point height and altitude datum; S4. obtain after the coordinate figure and high difference of each measurement point, find out 3 measurement points, 3 measurement points must satisfy condition simultaneously: below the plane that other all measurement points all form at these 3 measurement points, within the triangle that forms at 3 measurement points of detected face central point; S5. described 3 measurement points are defined as to detected face peak, the plane of 3 measurement point formations is defined as reference field, calculate the distance between other each measurement point and reference field, get maximal value wherein as the flatness of detected face, the degree of tilt of reference field and vergence direction are degree of tilt and the vergence direction of detected face.
On the basis of technique scheme, in step S1, in platform plane was seized, mark and intersect in length and breadth and orthogonal mesh lines, take mesh lines intersection point as measurement point.
On the basis of technique scheme, in step S2, with support, spirit-leveling instrument steady rest is located to the other 2-5m of platform place, adjust spirit-leveling instrument foot screw, make spirit-leveling instrument in horizontality, in whole measuring process, height of leveling instrument is immutable.
On the basis of technique scheme, in described step S3, the step that optical scale is measured described measurement point is: S301. aims at any one measurement point by the gib screw of optical scale, adjust screw for two that adjust on optical scale pedestal, according to the indication of bubble level, by pedestal level-off, the digital vernier that then slides, until spirit-leveling instrument aims at the optical target center on vernier, and by digital vernier reading zero setting, be made as altitude datum; S302. according to step S301, aim at successively the center of each measurement point optical target, read the reading of digital vernier after each aiming, described reading is the high difference between each measurement point and altitude datum.
On the basis of technique scheme, while sliding described digital vernier, by fine-tuning nut on it, finely tune.
The present invention applies the method for above-mentioned optical scale detection plane degree and degree of tilt, and its flatness and inclination checking method precision are reliable, highly versatile, set up easy to operately, and calculating section can carry out fast processing by having worked out computer program simultaneously; As nonconforming in the flatness of detected face, only need 3 peaks of manual grinding, then remeasure the high difference of these 3 points, double counting process, until the detected face of platform meets the demands, 3 points of at every turn only polishing, have greatly reduced manual grinding workload, can be widely used in the Site Detection of fine structure installation work.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of optical scale the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is another visual angle structural drawing of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of optical scale the second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the method flow diagram of applied optics scale detection plane degree of the present invention and degree of tilt;
Fig. 5 is mesh lines and the measurement point distribution figure of detected face in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the arrangenent diagram of spirit-leveling instrument and optical scale when detected face detects in Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is certain data result figure once calculating in the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the detected face fitted figure that in Fig. 7, computational data generates.
Reference numeral:
Pedestal 1, blade 2, gib screw 3, adjusts screw 4, bubble level 5, digital vernier 6, vernier 7, digital display reading unit 8, trip bolt 9, fine-tuning nut 10, geometrical clamp 11, optical target 12, circular rod member 13, tested surface 14, mesh lines 15, support 16, spirit-leveling instrument 17.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, be optical scale the first embodiment of the present invention, optical scale of the present invention comprises pedestal 1 and is vertically installed in the blade 2 of this pedestal 1, the bottom surface of pedestal 1 is provided with a gib screw 3, and gib screw 3 be positioned at blade 2 under.Described pedestal 1 runs through and is provided with two and adjusts screws 4 away from the other end of blade 2, adjust screw 4 for two and be symmetrically distributed in the both sides of closing on pedestal 1, two lines of adjusting screw 4 are perpendicular to blade 2, and the upper surface of pedestal 1 is also provided with a bubble level 5, so that the leveling to pedestal 1.
On described blade 2, part is arranged with digital vernier 6, it can slide on blade 2, numeral vernier 6 comprises vernier 7 and connected digital display reading unit 8, the two is connected with blade 2 by trip bolt 9 is solid respectively, can jointly move, on vernier 6, also be provided with the position that a fine-tuning nut 10 can intense adjustment vernier.Described digital display reading unit 8 can, after vernier 6 desired locations, show the altitude reading of vernier 6 by digital display mode.Digital display reading unit 8 connects a geometrical clamp 11, and geometrical clamp 11 other ends are provided with an optical target 12, and optical target 12 is fixed together with digital display reading unit 8, can slide with vernier 6.Optical target 12 is the optical glass with line of sight, and in the present embodiment, line of sight is crosshair, and its right-angled intersection position is the center of optical target.Described blade 2 bottoms are circular rod member 13, this circle rod member 13 inserts in pedestal 1, and be articulated in pedestal 1, can carry out self rotating, in the present embodiment, pedestal 1 is equipped with the mounting hole (not shown) of Φ 10mm, be convenient to the grafting of circular rod member 13, the convenient direction of adjusting optical target 12 by rotation.
As shown in Figure 3, be optical scale the second embodiment of the present invention, itself and the first embodiment difference be, and in the present embodiment, blade 2 bottoms are fixedly inserted in described pedestal 1, and remainder is identical with the first embodiment, repeats no more herein.
When optical scale of the present invention is measured, need to set up spirit-leveling instrument leveling on measuring workpieces side, optical scale is placed on to surface to be measured, and gib screw 3 is placed in to workpiece calibration point place, screw 4 is adjusted in two of turns, according to the indication of bubble level 5, by pedestal 1 level-off.Blade 2 is arranged on one end of pedestal 1, and strictly vertical with the reference field of pedestal 1 through demarcating, and, when pedestal 1 level-off, blade 2 is in vertical state.Then digital vernier 6 slides, with the optical target 12 with crosshair, with it, slide, by fine-tuning nut 10 can intense adjustment the position of numeral vernier 6, until spirit-leveling instrument 17 aims at optical target 12 center, mix up rear turn trip bolt 9 position of digital vernier 6 is locked, now digital display reading unit 8 above shown reading be the height value of measurement point.
As shown in Figure 4, the method flow diagram for applied optics scale detection plane degree of the present invention and degree of tilt, comprises the steps:
S1. at the detected face of platform, set up rectangular coordinate system, choose a plurality of measurement points, record the coordinate figure of each measurement point;
S2. spirit-leveling instrument steady rest is located at by platform, and level-off;
S3. optical scale is placed on detected face, utilizes optical scale and spirit-leveling instrument to measure the height of any one measurement point, and be made as altitude datum; Utilize successively optical scale and spirit-leveling instrument to measure the high difference between other measurement point height and altitude datum;
S4. obtain after the coordinate figure and high difference of each measurement point, find out 3 measurement points, 3 measurement points must satisfy condition simultaneously: below the plane that other all measurement points all form at these 3 measurement points, within the triangle that forms at 3 measurement points of detected face central point;
S5. the plane described 3 measurement points being formed is defined as reference plane, calculate the distance between other each measurement point and reference plane, get maximal value wherein as the flatness of detected face, the degree of tilt of reference plane and vergence direction are degree of tilt and the vergence direction of detected face.
The method that describes applied optics scale detection plane degree of the present invention and degree of tilt below by specific embodiment in detail, the steps include:
S101. as shown in Figure 5, in the present embodiment, detected face 14 is the upper surface of a horseshoe clamp plate pedestal, and horseshoe clamp plate pedestal is platform, and the framework of steel reinforcement of whole dull and stereotyped pedestal and civil engineering structure welds together.First by the measure such as scrape of rust cleaning, preliminary shovel, tested surface 14 is cleaned out, according to tested surface center, set up coordinate system, with planing, mark the mesh lines 15 of proper density with ruler at tested surface, mesh lines 15 intersection points of take are measurement point, record the coordinate figure of each measurement point.
S102. as shown in Figure 6, with support 16, spirit-leveling instrument 17 being stablized to the other 2-5m of construction of platform place, is 3m in the present embodiment, and antenna height guarantees without sight line, to block between spirit-leveling instrument 17 and platform.The foot screw of adjusting spirit-leveling instrument 17, makes spirit-leveling instrument 17 in horizontality, and now spirit-leveling instrument 17 telescope optic axis are a horizontal line, and telescope can scan out a surface level around vertical axis revolving, and in whole measuring process, spirit-leveling instrument 17 is highly immutable.
S103. as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 6, optical scale is placed on detected face 14, and the gib screw 3 of optical scale is aimed at any one measurement point, adjusts screws 4 for two on the pedestal 1 of adjustment scale, according to 5 indications of bubble level, by pedestal 1 level-off, now blade 2 is in vertical state.Then digital vernier 6 slides, optical target 12 with crosshair slides with it, by fine-tuning nut 10 can intense adjustment the position of numeral vernier 6, until the optical target 12 center that spirit-leveling instrument 17 aims on digital vernier 6, turn trip bolt 9 is locked by the position of digital vernier 6.Now, the digital display reading unit 8 of digital vernier 6 demonstrates altitude reading, for convenient, calculates, and we are the reading zero setting of digital vernier 6, and is made as altitude datum, and in whole measuring process, this zero-bit is immutable.
S104. the gib screw on pedestal 13 is aimed at respectively to each measurement point on detected face 14, according to the method for step S103, optical target 12 center while using successively spirit-leveling instrument 17 to aim at each measurement point, digital display reading unit 8 readings of reading digital vernier 6 after each aiming, described reading is the high difference between each measurement point and altitude datum.
S105. obtain after the coordinate figure and high difference of each measurement point, can find out 3 measurement points by calculating, these 3 measurement points must meet following two conditions simultaneously: below the plane that 1. other all measurement points all form at these 3 measurement points; 2. within the triangle that detected face 14 central points form at 3 measurement points.In the present embodiment, calculate the plane employing plane fitting method that 3 measurement points form, and utilize in MATLAB " inpolygon " function to judge that central point is whether in triangle, establishment MATLAB program is calculated any 3 points in all measurement points, finds out 1 group of 3 measurement point that simultaneously meet above-mentioned 2 conditions.
S106. described 3 measurement points are defined as to detected face 14 peaks, the plane of 3 measurement point formations is defined as reference field, calculate the distance between other each measurement point and reference field, get maximal value wherein as the flatness of detected face 14, the degree of tilt of reference field and vergence direction are degree of tilt and the vergence direction of detected face 14.
As shown in Figure 7, being certain data result figure once calculating that MATLAB generates, is one to one by ruling actual spot of measurement position definite in figure with spider on the measurement point position identifying and tested surface 14.Wherein 3 spiders with circle are the peak I in tested surface 14 measurement points, the discrepancy in elevation reading II that under each measurement point, the data of square mark are this measurement point, and on each measurement point, the data of square mark are this measurement point and the gap III that calculates reference field.Get maximal clearance value as the flatness of tested surface, get and calculate the degree of tilt of reference field and degree of tilt and the vergence direction that vergence direction is tested surface, in Fig. 7, by oblique line and tables of data, vergence direction and degree of tilt have been shown.
If now detected face 14 is undesirable, only need 3 peaks of manual grinding, then remeasure the high difference of these 3 points, the computation process of repeating step 105,106, until detected face 14 meets the demands.As shown in Figure 8, be the detected face fitted figure generating according to computational data in Fig. 7 with MATLAB, express intuitively face shape and the inclination situation of tested surface, can be on-the-spot manual grinding guidance is provided.Above-mentioned flatness and inclination checking method precision are reliable, highly versatile, and computer program can be processed real-time to measurement data, has reduced manual grinding workload.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, within these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.The content not being described in detail in this instructions belongs to the known prior art of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (5)
1. the method for an optical scale detection plane degree and degree of tilt, described optical scale comprises pedestal and is vertically installed in the blade of pedestal one end, base bottom surface under described blade is provided with a gib screw, pedestal runs through and is provided with two and adjusts screws away from the other end of blade, pedestal upper surface is also provided with a bubble level, blade is arranged with digital vernier, described digital vernier comprises vernier and connected digital display reading unit, the two is connected with blade by trip bolt respectively, described vernier is also provided with fine-tuning nut, numeral vernier connects a geometrical clamp, the geometrical clamp other end is provided with an optical target, adjust screw for two and be symmetrically distributed in the both sides of closing on pedestal, two lines of adjusting screw perpendicular to blade, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
S1. at the detected face of platform, set up rectangular coordinate system, choose a plurality of measurement points, record the coordinate figure of each measurement point;
S2. spirit-leveling instrument steady rest is located at by platform, and level-off;
S3. optical scale is placed on detected face, utilizes optical scale and spirit-leveling instrument to measure the height of any one measurement point, and be made as altitude datum; Utilize successively optical scale and spirit-leveling instrument to measure the high difference between other measurement point height and altitude datum;
S4. obtain after the coordinate figure and high difference of each measurement point, find out 3 measurement points, 3 measurement points must satisfy condition simultaneously: below the plane that other all measurement points all form at these 3 measurement points, within the triangle that forms at 3 measurement points of detected face central point;
S5. described 3 measurement points are defined as to detected face peak, the plane of 3 measurement point formations is defined as reference field, calculate the distance between other each measurement point and reference field, get maximal value wherein as the flatness of detected face, the degree of tilt of reference field and vergence direction are degree of tilt and the vergence direction of detected face.
2. the method for optical scale detection plane degree as claimed in claim 1 and degree of tilt, is characterized in that: in step S1, in platform plane was seized, mark and intersect in length and breadth and orthogonal mesh lines, take mesh lines intersection point as measurement point.
3. the method for optical scale detection plane degree as claimed in claim 1 and degree of tilt, it is characterized in that: in step S2, with support, spirit-leveling instrument steady rest is located to the other 2-5m of platform place, adjust spirit-leveling instrument foot screw, make spirit-leveling instrument in horizontality, in whole measuring process, height of leveling instrument is immutable.
4. the method for optical scale detection plane degree as claimed in claim 1 and degree of tilt, is characterized in that: in described step S3, the step that optical scale is measured described measurement point is:
S301. the gib screw of optical scale is aimed to any one measurement point, adjust screw for two that adjust on optical scale pedestal, according to bubble level, indicate pedestal level-off, then digital vernier slides, until spirit-leveling instrument aims at the optical target center on vernier, and by digital vernier reading zero setting, be made as altitude datum;
S302. according to step S301, aim at successively the center of each measurement point optical target, read the reading of digital vernier after each aiming, described reading is the high difference between each measurement point and altitude datum.
5. the method for optical scale detection plane degree as claimed in claim 4 and degree of tilt, is characterized in that: while sliding described digital vernier, by fine-tuning nut on it, finely tune.
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| CN201210037175.0A CN102589488B (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2012-02-20 | Optical vernier and method for detecting planeness and gradient using same |
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| CN102589488B true CN102589488B (en) | 2014-10-22 |
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| CN108844502A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-20 | 中国冶集团有限公司 | A kind of device and method measuring building panel surface evenness |
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| CN111536997B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2023-06-02 | 中建七局第一建筑有限公司 | Self-checking correction method for level |
| CN111895936A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-11-06 | 同济大学 | Concrete superposed member roughness image detection standard plate and use method thereof |
| CN111854715B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-06-21 | 中交隧道工程局有限公司 | Pipe ring flatness measuring method based on total station |
| CN113752224B (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-01-06 | 英特尔产品（成都）有限公司 | Method and device for adjusting levelness of wafer table |
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