CN102322896B - Omnibearing measurement device and method for tunnel TSP (Total Suspended Particulate) geometric parameter - Google Patents

Omnibearing measurement device and method for tunnel TSP (Total Suspended Particulate) geometric parameter Download PDF

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CN102322896B
CN102322896B CN 201110226548 CN201110226548A CN102322896B CN 102322896 B CN102322896 B CN 102322896B CN 201110226548 CN201110226548 CN 201110226548 CN 201110226548 A CN201110226548 A CN 201110226548A CN 102322896 B CN102322896 B CN 102322896B
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measuring ruler
hole
vertical
tunnel
depth
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CN102322896A (en
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李术才
周宗青
石少帅
李利平
张庆松
许振浩
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Shandong University
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Abstract

The invention relates to an omnibearing measurement device and method for a tunnel TSP (Total Suspended Particulate) geometric parameter. The device comprises a depth measuring scale, wherein the depth measuring scale and a pitch measuring scale are vertically arranged and can be connected in a sliding mode by virtue of an annular fixer; the end part of the depth measuring scale is provided with a water level base; the water level base is spirally connected with and mediates a circular water level by virtue of a plurality of pins; the circular water level is vertically connected with a height measuring scale by virtue of a vertical fixer; the water level base is connected with an extending plate; the water level base and the extending plate are parallel to the depth measuring scale; and the circular water level is provided with a dip angle survey meter. According to the omnibearing measurement device, the TSP shotpoint geometric parameter can be simultaneously measured. The omnibearing measurement device adapts to the complex measurement environment of the tunnel, the measurement method is simple and accurate, and the measurement time is saved.

Description

隧道TSP几何参数全方位测量装置与方法Device and method for all-round measurement of tunnel TSP geometric parameters

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种隧道参数测量装置与方法。The invention relates to a tunnel parameter measuring device and method.

背景技术 Background technique

超前地质预报作为隧道信息化动态设计和施工不可或缺的部分,及时预报掌子面前方不良地质情况,以便提前采取有效措施,避免地质灾害的发生,确保隧道施工的安全,已经得到了工程界的广泛认同。隧道地震勘探法(TSP)是施工期非破坏性长期超前地质预报的主要方法之一,已经成为长大隧道信息化施工中应用最广泛的预报方法之一。炮孔几何参数的测量是TSP数据采集前准备工作的重要环节,对后续处理的准确性至关重要,只有在测量数据准确的前提下,才能保证处理结果的准确性,提高超前地质预报的准确率。TSP超前地质预报所需的炮孔几何参数包括孔深、孔高、孔间距、倾角和方位角,而TSP 203plus系统仅配置有电子测角仪和手持激光测距仪,可较准确的测量炮孔倾角及各炮孔至接收孔距离,而隧道测量环境、方法复杂,无法准确测量孔深、孔高及方位角等参数,影响测量结果的准确性。As an indispensable part of the dynamic design and construction of tunnel information, advanced geological prediction timely predicts the adverse geological conditions in front of the tunnel face in order to take effective measures in advance to avoid geological disasters and ensure the safety of tunnel construction. It has been recognized by the engineering community. wide recognition. Tunnel Seismic Prospecting (TSP) is one of the main methods of non-destructive long-term advance geological prediction during the construction period, and has become one of the most widely used prediction methods in the information construction of long tunnels. The measurement of blasthole geometric parameters is an important part of the preparation work before TSP data collection, and it is crucial to the accuracy of subsequent processing. Only on the premise of accurate measurement data can the accuracy of processing results be guaranteed and the accuracy of advanced geological prediction can be improved. Rate. The geometric parameters of blastholes required for TSP advanced geological prediction include hole depth, hole height, hole spacing, inclination and azimuth, while the TSP 203plus system is only equipped with an electronic goniometer and a hand-held laser rangefinder, which can measure the blasthole more accurately. The inclination angle of the hole and the distance from each blasthole to the receiving hole, while the tunnel measurement environment and methods are complex, it is impossible to accurately measure parameters such as hole depth, hole height and azimuth angle, which affects the accuracy of the measurement results.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是为克服上述不足,而提供一种隧道TSP几何参数全方位测量装置与方法,该装置结构简单,易于测量,确保TSP几何参数测量准确性,从而获取准确的几何参数数据,得到与实际地质情况相符的数据处理结果,提高超前地质预报的准确率,真正实现隧道信息化施工。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies, and provide a kind of tunnel TSP geometric parameter all-round measuring device and method, this device is simple in structure, easy to measure, ensures the accuracy of TSP geometric parameter measurement, thereby obtains accurate geometric parameter data, obtains Data processing results consistent with the actual geological conditions improve the accuracy of advanced geological forecasts and truly realize tunnel information construction.

为实现上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

隧道TSP几何参数的全方位测量装置,包括深度测量尺,深度测量尺与孔距测量尺垂直设置且两者通过环形固定器可滑动连接,深度测量尺的端部设有水准器底座,水准器底座通过多个脚螺旋连接和调解圆水准器,圆水准器通过竖向固定器与高度测量尺垂直连接,水准器底座接有延伸板,水准器底座、延伸板与深度测量尺平行,圆水准器上设有倾角测量器。An all-round measuring device for tunnel TSP geometric parameters, including a depth measuring ruler. The depth measuring ruler and the hole distance measuring ruler are vertically arranged and the two are slidably connected by a ring holder. The end of the depth measuring ruler is provided with a level base, and the level The base connects and adjusts the circular level through multiple foot screws. The circular level is vertically connected to the height measuring ruler through a vertical fixer. The base of the level is connected with an extension plate. The base of the level and the extension plate are parallel to the depth measuring ruler. There is an inclinometer on the device.

所述的圆水准器的一侧设有垂直调节杆,垂直调节杆两端分别设有垂直顶板和方位角测量器,垂直调节杆能在圆水准器所确定的平面内绕方位角测量器所在的一端转动。One side of the circular level is provided with a vertical adjustment rod, and the two ends of the vertical adjustment rod are respectively provided with a vertical top plate and an azimuth measuring device. rotate one end.

所述的方位角测量器为一带有双层刻度线的四分之一圆盘。The azimuth measuring device is a quarter disk with double-layer scale lines.

所述的高度测量尺上安装有激光器,激光器可沿高度测量尺滑动。A laser is installed on the height measuring ruler, and the laser can slide along the height measuring ruler.

所述的环形固定器既可沿深度测量尺和孔距测量尺滑动,亦可使深度测量尺与孔距测量尺相互转动。所述的脚螺旋有三个。The annular fixer can not only slide along the depth measuring ruler and the hole distance measuring ruler, but also make the depth measuring ruler and the hole distance measuring ruler rotate mutually. Described foot screw has three.

应用上述装置实现隧道TSP几何参数的全方位测量方法,包括以下步骤:Applying the above-mentioned device to realize the omni-directional measurement method of the tunnel TSP geometric parameters includes the following steps:

A.将深度测量尺插入待测炮孔中,通过深度测量尺上的刻度读取炮孔深度值;A. Insert the depth measuring ruler into the blasthole to be tested, and read the depth value of the blasthole through the scale on the depth measuring ruler;

B.移动孔距测量尺至边墙,将孔距测量尺一端置于邻近炮孔处,读取当前炮孔对应的孔距测量尺刻度值,即为两炮孔间距;B. Move the hole distance measuring ruler to the side wall, place one end of the hole distance measuring ruler near the blasthole, and read the scale value of the hole distance measuring ruler corresponding to the current blasthole, which is the distance between the two blastholes;

C.通过水准器底座上的调节脚螺旋调平圆水准器,使圆水准器气泡居中,逆时针旋转倾角测量器,使其与水准器底座的延伸板接触,指针所指刻度值即为炮孔倾角。C. Level the circular level through the adjusting foot screw on the level base so that the bubble of the circular level is centered. Rotate the inclination measuring device counterclockwise to make it contact with the extension plate of the level base. The scale value pointed by the pointer is the gun. Hole inclination.

所述的隧道TSP几何参数的全方位测量方法,还包括以下步骤:The all-round measuring method of the tunnel TSP geometric parameter also includes the following steps:

a.左右旋转垂直调节杆,使垂直顶板紧贴隧道边墙,确保垂直调节杆垂直于边墙,与垂直调节杆相连的方位角测量器上指针所指刻度值即为炮孔方位角;a. Rotate the vertical adjustment rod left and right to make the vertical roof close to the side wall of the tunnel, and ensure that the vertical adjustment rod is perpendicular to the side wall. The scale value pointed by the pointer on the azimuth measuring device connected to the vertical adjustment rod is the azimuth of the blast hole;

b.调节高度测量尺上的激光器位置,使其与炮孔处于同一水平面上,激光器上指针所指刻度值即为炮孔高度值。b. Adjust the position of the laser on the height measuring ruler so that it is on the same level as the blasthole, and the scale value pointed by the pointer on the laser is the height of the blasthole.

本发明装置适应于隧道复杂测量环境,测量方法简单准确,节省测量时间。The device of the invention is suitable for the complex measurement environment of the tunnel, the measurement method is simple and accurate, and the measurement time is saved.

本发明研究了隧道TSP几何参数的全方位测量方法,解决了隧道复杂测量环境中测量方法复杂,测量时间长等问题。将各几何参数测量仪器连接在一起,与前人研究相比,更适应于隧道复杂测量环境,测量方法简单准确,节省测量时间。The invention studies the omnidirectional measurement method of the TSP geometric parameter of the tunnel, and solves the problems of complicated measurement method and long measurement time in the complex measurement environment of the tunnel. Connecting the measuring instruments of various geometric parameters together is more suitable for the complex measurement environment of the tunnel compared with the previous research, the measurement method is simple and accurate, and the measurement time is saved.

本发明解决了隧道复杂测量环境中测量方法复杂,测量时间长等问题,具有以下优点:The invention solves the problems of complex measurement methods and long measurement time in the complex measurement environment of the tunnel, and has the following advantages:

1、可同时测量TSP炮点几何参数;1. It can measure the geometric parameters of TSP shot point at the same time;

2、竖向固定器可保证高度测量尺与地面垂直;2. The vertical fixer can ensure that the height measuring ruler is perpendicular to the ground;

3、测量人员可分工、同时或单独测量,节省测量时间;3. Measuring personnel can divide the work, measure at the same time or separately, saving measurement time;

4、圆水准器的设置可确定水准面,提高倾角测量数据的准确性;4. The setting of the circular level can determine the level surface and improve the accuracy of the inclination measurement data;

5、激光器用于确定炮孔所在平面,提高炮孔高度测量数据的准确性;5. The laser is used to determine the plane where the blast hole is located to improve the accuracy of the measurement data of the blast hole height;

6、垂直顶板可确保垂直调节杆与隧道边墙垂直,提高方位角测量数据的准确性。6. The vertical roof can ensure that the vertical adjustment rod is perpendicular to the side wall of the tunnel, improving the accuracy of the azimuth measurement data.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1是本发明结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

图2为图1的俯视图;Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;

图3为方位角测量器结构示意图Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the azimuth measuring device

图4为环形固定器三维结构视图Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural view of the ring fixator

图5为竖向固定器三维结构视图Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural view of the vertical fixer

其中1.深度测量尺;2.孔距测量尺;3.环形固定器;4.圆水准器;5.水准器底座;6.脚螺旋;7.垂直调节杆;8.垂直顶板;9、倾角测量器;10、延伸板;11、高度测量尺;12、激光器;13、方位角测量器;14、竖向固定器。1. Depth measuring ruler; 2. Hole distance measuring ruler; 3. Ring fixer; 4. Circular level; 5. Level base; 6. Foot screw; 7. Vertical adjustment rod; 8. Vertical top plate; 9. Inclination measuring device; 10, extension plate; 11, height measuring ruler; 12, laser device; 13, azimuth measuring device; 14, vertical fixer.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

一隧道TSP几何参数的全方位测量装置,包括深度测量尺1,深度测量尺1与孔距测量尺2垂直设置且两者通过环形固定器3连接,环形固定器3既可沿深度测量尺1和孔距测量尺2滑动,亦可绕深度测量尺1转动,深度测量尺1的端部设有水准器底座5,水准器底座5通过多个(优选三个)脚螺旋6连接和调平圆水准器4,圆水准器4通过竖向固定器14与高度测量尺11垂直连接,水准器底座5接有延伸板10,水准器底座5、延伸板10与深度测量尺1平行,圆水准器4上设有倾角测量器9。An all-round measuring device for tunnel TSP geometric parameters, including a depth measuring ruler 1, the depth measuring ruler 1 and the hole distance measuring ruler 2 are vertically arranged and the two are connected by a ring holder 3, and the ring holder 3 can be moved along the depth measuring ruler 1 Sliding with the hole distance measuring ruler 2, or rotating around the depth measuring ruler 1, the end of the depth measuring ruler 1 is provided with a level base 5, and the level base 5 is connected and leveled by multiple (preferably three) foot screws 6 Circular level 4, circular level 4 is vertically connected to height measuring ruler 11 through vertical fixer 14, leveling base 5 is connected with extension plate 10, leveling base 5, extension plate 10 are parallel to depth measuring ruler 1, circular level The device 4 is provided with an inclination measuring device 9 .

所述的圆水准器4的一侧设有垂直调节杆7,垂直调节杆7两端分别设有垂直顶板8和方位角测量器13,垂直调节杆7能在圆水准器4所确定的平面内绕方位角测量器13所在的一端转动。One side of the circular level 4 is provided with a vertical adjustment rod 7, and the two ends of the vertical adjustment rod 7 are respectively provided with a vertical top plate 8 and an azimuth measuring device 13, and the vertical adjustment rod 7 can be positioned on the plane determined by the circular level 4. Rotate around the end where the azimuth measuring device 13 is located.

所述的方位角测量器为一带有双层刻度线的四分之一圆盘。The azimuth measuring device is a quarter disk with double-layer scale lines.

所述的高度测量尺11上安装有激光器12,激光器12可沿高度测量尺11滑动。A laser 12 is installed on the height measuring ruler 11 , and the laser 12 can slide along the height measuring ruler 11 .

一种隧道TSP几何参数的全方位测量方法,包括以下步骤:A kind of all-round measuring method of tunnel TSP geometric parameter, comprises the following steps:

A.将深度测量尺1插入待测炮孔中,通过深度测量尺1上的刻度读取炮孔深度值;A. Insert the depth measuring ruler 1 into the blasthole to be tested, and read the depth value of the blasthole through the scale on the depth measuring ruler 1;

B.移动孔距测量尺2至边墙,将孔距测量尺2一端置于邻近炮孔处,读取当前炮孔对应的孔距测量尺2刻度值,即为两炮孔间距;B. Move the hole distance measuring ruler 2 to the side wall, place one end of the hole distance measuring ruler 2 at the adjacent blasthole, and read the scale value of the hole distance measuring ruler 2 corresponding to the current blasthole, which is the distance between the two blastholes;

C.通过水准器底座5上的三个脚螺旋6调平,使圆水准器4气泡居中,逆时针旋转倾角测量器9,使其与水准器底座延伸板10接触,指针所指刻度值即为炮孔倾角;C. Use the three foot screws 6 on the level base 5 to level the air bubble in the circular level 4, and rotate the inclinometer 9 counterclockwise to make it contact with the extension plate 10 of the level base. The scale value pointed by the pointer is is the inclination angle of the blast hole;

D.左右旋转垂直调节杆7,使垂直顶板8紧贴隧道边墙,确保垂直调节杆垂直于边墙,与垂直调节杆7相连的方位角测量器13上指针所指刻度值即为炮孔方位角;D. Rotate the vertical adjustment rod 7 left and right to make the vertical top plate 8 close to the side wall of the tunnel, and ensure that the vertical adjustment rod is perpendicular to the side wall. The scale value pointed by the pointer on the azimuth measuring device 13 connected to the vertical adjustment rod 7 is the blast hole Azimuth;

E.调节高度测量尺11上的激光器12位置,使其与炮孔处于同一水平面上,激光器上指针所指刻度值即为炮孔高度值。E. Adjust the position of the laser 12 on the height measuring ruler 11 so that it is on the same level as the blasthole, and the scale value pointed by the pointer on the laser is the height of the blasthole.

深度测量尺和孔距测量尺通过环形固定器可滑动连接,环形固定器可沿深度测量尺或孔距测量尺移动;水准器底座、延伸板与深度测量尺平行;通过调节水准器底座上的三个脚螺旋,使圆水准器气泡居中,与圆水准器相连的垂直调节杆可在水平面内以图1圆水准器右前方(图2右下方)棱边为轴线左右旋转,使垂直顶板紧贴隧道边墙,确保垂直调节杆垂直于边墙,随垂直调节杆左右旋转的方位角测量器测得炮孔方位角;竖向固定器轴线与圆水准器面垂直,以保证高度测量尺垂直于水平面,通过上下移动高度测量尺上的激光器,确定炮孔所在水平面。The depth measuring ruler and the hole distance measuring ruler are slidably connected through a ring holder, and the ring holder can move along the depth measuring ruler or the hole distance measuring ruler; the base of the level and the extension plate are parallel to the depth measuring ruler; The three foot screws make the bubble of the circular level center, and the vertical adjustment rod connected with the circular level can be rotated left and right in the horizontal plane with the edge of the right front of the circular level in Figure 1 (lower right in Figure 2) as the axis, so that the vertical top plate is tight. Attach the side wall of the tunnel to ensure that the vertical adjustment rod is perpendicular to the side wall, and the azimuth measuring device that rotates with the vertical adjustment rod to measure the azimuth angle of the blast hole; the axis of the vertical fixer is perpendicular to the surface of the circular level to ensure that the height measuring ruler is vertical On the horizontal plane, determine the horizontal plane where the blast hole is located by moving the laser on the height measuring ruler up and down.

Claims (2)

1. the comprehensive measurement mechanism of using tunnel TSP geometric parameter is realized the comprehensive measuring method of tunnel TSP geometric parameter, device comprises depth measuring ruler, depth measuring ruler slidably is connected by annular fixator with the vertical setting of hole pitch measuring ruler and both, the end of depth measuring ruler is provided with the level base, the level base connects by a plurality of foot screws and the adjusting circular bubble, circular bubble is connected by vertical fixator and height measuring rule are vertical, the level base is connected to extension board, the level base, extension board is parallel with depth measuring ruler, and circular bubble is provided with inclination angle measurer; One side of described circular bubble is provided with the vertical adjusting bar, and an end of vertical adjusting bar is provided with the vertical top board other end and is provided with azimuth counter, and the vertical adjusting bar can rotate by the end around the azimuth counter place in the determined plane of circular bubble; Slidably laser instrument is installed on the described height measuring rule;
It is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
A. depth measuring ruler is inserted in the big gun to be measured hole, read the blast hole depth value by the scale on the depth measuring ruler;
B. mobile hole pitch measuring ruler places place, contiguous big gun hole to abutment wall with hole pitch measuring ruler one end, reads when hole pitch measuring ruler scale value corresponding to forward gun hole, is two borehole spacings;
C. by the foot screw leveling circular bubble on the level base, make the circular bubble bubble placed in the middle, be rotated counterclockwise inclination angle measurer, its extension board with the level base is contacted, pointer indication scale value is inclination angle, big gun hole.
2. the comprehensive measuring method of tunnel according to claim 1 TSP geometric parameter is characterized in that, and is further comprising the steps of:
A. left rotation and right rotation vertical adjusting bar makes vertical top board be close to tunnel side wall, guarantees the vertical adjusting bar perpendicular to abutment wall, is position angle, big gun hole with pointer indication scale value on the azimuth counter that the vertical adjusting bar links to each other;
B. regulate the laser positions on the height measuring rule, itself and big gun hole are on the same level face, pointer indication scale value is big gun hole height value on the laser instrument.
CN 201110226548 2011-08-09 2011-08-09 Omnibearing measurement device and method for tunnel TSP (Total Suspended Particulate) geometric parameter Expired - Fee Related CN102322896B (en)

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