CN108020201A - It is a kind of that there is the spirit level and its application method of high precision instrument high measurement - Google Patents
It is a kind of that there is the spirit level and its application method of high precision instrument high measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN108020201A CN108020201A CN201710146035.XA CN201710146035A CN108020201A CN 108020201 A CN108020201 A CN 108020201A CN 201710146035 A CN201710146035 A CN 201710146035A CN 108020201 A CN108020201 A CN 108020201A
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- spirit level
- measurement
- measuring scale
- points
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
Abstract
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are how accurately surveyor's level instrument is high.A kind of spirit level with high precision instrument high measurement, including spirit level, extension pedestal, measuring scale and displacement meter, extension pedestal are the horizontal-extending body of spirit level pedestal, the perforation ruler set on extension pedestal with a vertical direction, measuring scale is passed through from perforation ruler set, displacement meter one end is installed on measuring scale top, and the other end is installed on extension pedestal, and measuring scale lower end is substrate.The invention has the advantages that：Instrument height is read using spirit level images themselves reading function, measurement accuracy is very high and saves great amount of cost；The elevation of spirit level is known, reduces the measurement of higher degree step on the datum mark, and measurement efficiency is double；After spirit level essence is flat, measuring scale and two plane exact verticals of extension pedestal and the earth, secondly measuring scale stretch out all the time with ground reference point close contact, and the measurement accuracy of magnetostrictive displacement meter is very high, the common guarantee precision of institute's survey instrument elevation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique, the especially high measurement of spirit level instrument.
Background technology
Spirit level is the instrument for establishing horizontal line of sight measure ground point-to-point transmission height difference.Principle is to be surveyed according to measurement of the level principle
Height difference between amount ground point.Critical piece has telescope, pipe spirit level（Or compensator）, vertical axis, pedestal, foot screw.By structure
It is divided into tilting level, automatic compensated level, laser level and electronic level.It is divided into precision level and general by precision
Logical spirit level.
At present, electronic level sight scale and focusing still needs to visually carry out.After manual debugging, scale bar code is on the one hand
It is imaged on telescope differentiation plate, for visual observation, on the other hand by the spectroscope of telescope, and is imaged at photoelectric transfer
Sensor（Also known as detector）On, supplied for electronic reading.Since the bar pattern of each producer's scale coding is different, bar code mark
Ruler is generally unable to intercommunication use.When being measured using traditional levelling staff, electronic level can also be as common automatic peace
Flat spirit level equally uses, but measurement accuracy at this moment is less than the precision of electronic surveying, particularly precise electronic spirit level, by
In no optical micrometer, as common automatic compensated level in use, its precision is lower.
Current electronic spirit level employs three kinds of autoelectrinic number reading methods for differing larger in principle：1）Correlation method（Come
Block NA3002/3003）2) geometric method（Zeiss DiNi10/20）3) phase method（Open up general health DL101C/102C）.It and traditional instrument
Device, which is compared, following characteristics：
1) reading is objective.There is no error, misdescription problem, without artificial error in reading.
2) precision is high.Sight is high and stadia reading is all to be averaged to draw after processing using a large amount of bar code graduation images
, therefore weaken the influence of Staff's carving error.Most instruments, which have, carries out the function that multiple reading is averaged, and can weaken
External condition influences.Unskilled operating personnel's industry can also carry out high-acruracy survey.
3) speed is fast.Due to eliminating count off, listening note, the scene time calculated and that artificially malfunctions resurvey quantity, survey
The amount time can save 1/3 or so compared with traditional instrument.
4) it is efficient.Only need to focus with button can automatic reading, alleviate labor intensity.Sighting distance can also be remembered automatically
Record, checks, and handles and can input electronic computer and post-processed, can solid line indoor and field integration.
Determine the measurement work of ground point elevation, be known as the measurement of higher degree.The measurement of higher degree be again three groundworks of measurement it
One.According to the difference using instrument and Metrical Method, the measurement of higher degree can be divided into the measurement of the level, trigonometric levelling and air pressure elevation
Measurement.Elevation is measured with spirit level, is known as the measurement of the level, it is method the most frequently used, most accurate in the measurement of higher degree.
The basic principle of the measurement of the level provides " horizontal line of sight " using spirit level, measures point-to-point transmission height difference, so that by
Known point height extrapolates unknown point height.
At present, usually elevation is measured with high differentiation.If the elevation HA, the elevation HB of B points to be measured, then in A, B of known A points
Two rulers, and the instrument for disposing a frame to obtain horizontal line of sight between A, B at 2 points are erect on 2 points.Assuming that spirit level
Position readings of the horizontal line of sight on ruler are respectively A rulers（Backsight）Reading is a, B rulers（Forward sight）Reading is b, then 2 points of A, B it
Between depth displacement（Abbreviation height difference hAB）For
hAB =a-b （1）
Then the elevation HB of B points is
HB=HA+hAB （2）
HB=HA+hAB= HA +a-h （3）
The continuous measurement of the level.In the actual measurement of the level, A, B point-to-point transmission height difference are larger or apart from each other, dispose a spirit level
The height difference between 2 points cannot be measured.It is necessary to add several necessary interim point of staff along the leveling line of A, B at this time,
That is turning point（As elevation transference）.Spirit level is continuously disposed to survey among two vertical rulers successively according to the principle of the measurement of the level
Determine height difference between adjacent spots, summation obtains the high difference of A, B point-to-point transmission.
In the high differentiation that measurement elevation uses at present, since spirit level instrument height is unknown, 2 points of height is measured every time
Path difference must all set up spirit level between two points to measure 2 points of staff reading, and such measurement efficiency is restricted.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are how accurately surveyor's level instrument is high.
A kind of spirit level with high precision instrument high measurement, including spirit level, extension pedestal, measuring scale and displacement
Meter, extension pedestal are the horizontal-extending body of spirit level pedestal, the perforation ruler set on extension pedestal with a vertical direction, measuring scale
Passed through from perforation ruler set, displacement meter one end is installed on measuring scale top, and the other end is installed on extension pedestal, measuring scale lower end
For substrate.Preferably, displacement is calculated as magnetostrictive displacement meter.Preferably, the cross section of measuring scale is rectangle, and measuring scale upper end is pacified
Equipped with circular bubble or pipe spirit level, the fine setting spiral shell that two axial directions are mutually perpendicular to and misplace up and down is installed on perforation ruler set
Rotation, screw inside one end are nested in the groove of measuring scale vertical direction.Preferably, spirit level is electronic level.It is excellent
Selection of land, substrate are fixedly mounted on measuring scale lower end.Preferably, substrate is cylinder.Preferably, substrate is detachable.It is preferred that
Ground, measuring scale are indium steel ruler.Preferably, the length of measuring scale is between 1650-1800mm.The spirit level application method：A. frame
If spirit level, stretchs out measuring scale, its bottom is set to touch terrestrial reference；B. it is thick flat；C. it is rough to aim at, focus, fine sight；d.
Essence is flat；E. reading；F. instrument height, the reading that record magnetostrictive displacement meter is shown, computing equipment height are measured；G. the measurement of higher degree is former
Reason and step, it is known that the elevation HA of A points, the elevation HB of B points to be measured, then erect levelling rod on A points, disposed between B points
One frame can obtain the spirit level of horizontal line of sight, it is assumed that position readings of the horizontal line of sight of spirit level on ruler are respectively A rulers
Reading is a, a height of h of spirit level instrument, and then the elevation HB of B points is
HB=HA+hAB= HA +a-h
Telescope measurement C ruler reading c are rotated afterwards, then using B points or A points as known point, then the height with high differentiation calculating C points
Journey, disposes spirit level in D points again after having surveyed, circulates measurement with this and go down.
The present invention has the advantages that as a result of above technical scheme：Utilize spirit level images themselves reading
Function reads instrument height, and measurement accuracy is very high and saves great amount of cost；The elevation of spirit level is known, reduces the benchmark
Measurement of higher degree step on point, measurement efficiency are double；After spirit level essence is flat, measuring scale and extension pedestal and two planes of the earth are stringent
Vertically, next measuring scale is stretched out all the time is in close contact with ground reference point, and the measurement accuracy of magnetostrictive displacement meter is very high, altogether
With the precision that ensure that surveyed instrument elevation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of spirit level overall structure diagram with high precision instrument high measurement；
Fig. 2 is spirit level and measuring scale coupling part structure diagram；
Fig. 3 is measuring scale groove structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is screw, perforation ruler set, the attachment structure schematic diagram of measuring scale；
Fig. 5 is current measurement of higher degree high differentiation principle schematic；
Fig. 6 is the measurement of higher degree high differentiation principle schematic of the present invention；
In figure：1. spirit level, 2. measuring scales, 3. magnetostrictive displacement meters, 4. extension pedestals, 5. cylindrical bases, 6. perforation rulers
Set, 7. circular bubbles, 8. screws, 9. grooves.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, as shown in attached drawing 1-4.
A kind of spirit level with high precision instrument high measurement, including spirit level, extension pedestal, measuring scale and displacement
Meter, extension pedestal are the horizontal-extending body of spirit level pedestal, the perforation ruler set on extension pedestal with a vertical direction, measuring scale
Passed through from perforation ruler set, magnetostrictive displacement meter is installed on extension pedestal, is connected with spirit level by wired mode, direction
The scale face of measuring scale, measuring scale lower end are substrate.
Measuring scale relies on self gravitation, can ensure that measuring scale bottom keeps contacting with the ground reference point moment, reduce and survey
Error is measured, while also can the high minor variations of real-time monitoring instrument.
Preferably, displacement is calculated as magnetostrictive displacement meter.Magneto strictive sensor is developed using " magnetostriction principle "
The high accuracy displacement sensor of exploitation, using non-contact measurement, will not cause sensor due to the reason such as rubbing, wearing
Service life reduces.Its good environmental suitability, reliability and stability, it is extremely easy to use, with conductive rubber, LVDT,
The products such as resistor type displacement sensor, which are compared, obvious advantage.Its output signal is a real absolute position output,
Rather than ratio or need the signal of enhanced processing again, so there is no the situation of signal drift or variate, thus not necessarily like
Other displacement sensors equally need periodically to mark and safeguard again；Exactly because its output signal is absolute figure, if so
Power interruptions reclosing will not form problem to data receiver, more need not return to zero-bit again.Select magnetostrictive displacement meter
Main reason is optional 50mm to the 8000mm of its range, and 1000mm or so, while its essence are chosen in the suitable this case of range ability
Degree up to 0.002%, the measurement error for being converted to 1000mm is 1000 × 0.002mm=0.00125mm, for general
Instrument high measurement accuracy is enough.Preferably, the cross section of measuring scale is rectangle, and measuring scale upper end is provided with circular bubble or Guan Shui
Quasi- device, is provided with the screw that two axial directions are mutually perpendicular to and misplace up and down, screw inside one on perforation ruler set
End is nested in the groove of measuring scale vertical direction.In the structure, two screws mutual not shadow on respective adjusting direction
Ring, and measuring scale can be pushed and pulled on respective direction, ensure that measuring scale can realize tune under the adjusting of two screws
It is flat, while ensure that timely measuring scale has miniature deformation, it also can smoothly be inserted into perforation ruler set and carry out leveling.Measuring scale is after leveling
Vertical, it can accurately read displacement meter reading.Preferably, spirit level is electronic level.Magnetostrictive displacement meter measurement essence
Degree is very high, suitable for electronic level.
Preferably, substrate is fixedly mounted on measuring scale lower end.Preferably, substrate is cylinder.This is in order to facilitate substrate
Contact with ground reference point.Preferably, substrate is detachable.Preferably, measuring scale is indium steel ruler.Indium steel ruler structure is steady
It is fixed, it is not easy to deform upon.Preferably, the length of measuring scale is between 1650-1800mm.During this altitude range coincidence measurement
Ergonomics, it is easy to use.The spirit level application method：A. spirit level is set up, stretchs out measuring scale, its bottom is touched ground
Face benchmark；B. it is thick flat；C. it is rough to aim at, focus, fine sight；D. essence is flat；E. reading；F. instrument height is measured, record mangneto is stretched
The reading that contracting displacement meter is shown, computing equipment are high；G. measurement of higher degree principle and step, it is known that the elevation HA of A points, B points to be measured
Elevation HB, then erect levelling rod on A points, dispose a frame to obtain the spirit level of horizontal line of sight between B points, it is assumed that water
Position readings of the horizontal line of sight of quasi- instrument on ruler are respectively that A rulers reading is a, the height of a height of h of spirit level instrument, then B points
Journey HB is
HB=HA+hAB= HA +a-h
Telescope measurement C ruler reading c are rotated afterwards, then using B points or A points as known point, then the height with high differentiation calculating C points
Journey, disposes spirit level in D points again after having surveyed, circulates measurement with this and go down.
The measurement of higher degree principle and step of the present invention is explained in detail below.
High differentiation, i.e., the method that tested point elevation is calculated using height difference.Here, with the current high differentiation generally used into
Row comparative illustration.
Current high differentiation principle as shown in figure 5, its measuring process with computational methods as stated in the Background Art.
The present invention high differentiation principle as shown in fig. 6, due to the present invention the high h of spirit level instrument be it is known, equivalent to
B ruler reading b in high differentiation at present, i.e., need not measure B rulers（Forward sight）Reading b, the then depth displacement between 2 points of A, B（It is referred to as high
Poor hAB）For
hAB=a-h （4）
Then the elevation HB of B points is
HB=HA+hAB （5）
Then the elevation HB of B points is
HB=HA+hAB= HA +a-h （6）
Current and the present invention measuring process contrast is understood that the elevation HB of the invention in measurement B points, spirit level only measures
A rulers（Backsight）Reading a, when C rulers on rotation collimation telescope C points, you can measurement C rulers（Forward sight）Reading c, then with B points or A
Point is known point, then the elevation of C points is calculated with high differentiation.In this way, eliminating the measurement of B point heights, measurement efficiency is double.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. spirit level with high precision instrument high measurement, it is characterized in that including spirit level, extension pedestal, measuring scale And displacement meter, extension pedestal are the horizontal-extending body of spirit level pedestal, the perforation ruler set on extension pedestal with a vertical direction, Measuring scale is passed through from perforation ruler set, and displacement meter one end is installed on measuring scale top, and the other end is installed on extension pedestal, measurement Ruler lower end is substrate.
- 2. according to a kind of spirit level with high precision instrument high measurement described in claim 1, it is characterized in that displacement It is calculated as magnetostrictive displacement meter.
- 3. according to a kind of spirit level with high precision instrument high measurement described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that surveying The cross section of gage is rectangle, and measuring scale upper end is provided with circular bubble or pipe spirit level, and two axis are provided with perforation ruler set The screw for being mutually perpendicular to direction and misplacing up and down, screw inside one end are nested in the groove of measuring scale vertical direction It is interior.
- 4. according to a kind of spirit level with high precision instrument high measurement described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that water Quasi- instrument is electronic level.
- 5. according to a kind of spirit level with high precision instrument high measurement described in claim 1, it is characterized in that substrate It is fixedly mounted on measuring scale lower end.
- 6. according to a kind of spirit level with high precision instrument high measurement described in claim 5, it is characterized in that substrate For cylinder.
- 7. according to a kind of spirit level with high precision instrument high measurement described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that base Bottom is detachable.
- 8. according to a kind of spirit level with high precision instrument high measurement described in claim 1, it is characterized in that measurement Ruler is indium steel ruler.
- 9. according to a kind of spirit level with high precision instrument high measurement described in claim 2, it is characterized in that measurement The length of ruler is between 1650-1800mm.
- 10. according to a kind of spirit level with high precision instrument high measurement described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the water Quasi- instrument application method：A. spirit level is set up, stretchs out measuring scale, its bottom is touched terrestrial reference；B. it is thick flat；C. take aim at roughly Accurate, focusing, fine sight；D. essence is flat；E. reading；F. instrument height is measured, the reading that record magnetostrictive displacement meter is shown, calculates Instrument is high；G. measurement of higher degree principle and step, it is known that the elevation HA of A points, the elevation HB of B points to be measured, then erect water on A points Object staff, disposes a frame to obtain the spirit level of horizontal line of sight, it is assumed that the horizontal line of sight of spirit level is on ruler between B points Position readings are respectively that A rulers reading is a, a height of h of spirit level instrument, and then the elevation HB of B points isHB=HA+hAB= HA +a-hTelescope measurement C ruler reading c are rotated afterwards, then using B points or A points as known point, then the height with high differentiation calculating C points Journey, disposes spirit level in D points again after having surveyed, circulates measurement with this and go down.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710146035.XA CN108020201A (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-03-13 | It is a kind of that there is the spirit level and its application method of high precision instrument high measurement |
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| CN201710146035.XA CN108020201A (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-03-13 | It is a kind of that there is the spirit level and its application method of high precision instrument high measurement |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109631731A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-16 | 湖南城市学院 | A kind of large scale structure deflection test device and method |
| WO2021167547A1 (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-08-26 | Törk Maki̇ne Sanayi̇ Ve Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ | A dc motor actuator with position control |
| CN113587896A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-02 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | High-precision measurement method for length of trunk and crown of tree in height under any terrain condition |
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| US5894344A (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 1999-04-13 | Tamez Construction | Elevation Measurement apparatus |
| CN101140164A (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2008-03-12 | 唐发志 | All-station instrument accurate measurement height method |
| CN201438141U (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2010-04-14 | 北京中土赛科科技开发有限公司 | Bridge dynamic deflection test device |
| CN201535671U (en) * | 2009-01-08 | 2010-07-28 | 中南林业科技大学 | Digital cathetometer |
| CN205785178U (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-12-07 | 大连圣博尔测绘仪器科技有限公司 | The measurement of the level foot pin of displacement can be monitored |
-
2017
- 2017-03-13 CN CN201710146035.XA patent/CN108020201A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5894344A (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 1999-04-13 | Tamez Construction | Elevation Measurement apparatus |
| CN101140164A (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2008-03-12 | 唐发志 | All-station instrument accurate measurement height method |
| CN201535671U (en) * | 2009-01-08 | 2010-07-28 | 中南林业科技大学 | Digital cathetometer |
| CN201438141U (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2010-04-14 | 北京中土赛科科技开发有限公司 | Bridge dynamic deflection test device |
| CN205785178U (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-12-07 | 大连圣博尔测绘仪器科技有限公司 | The measurement of the level foot pin of displacement can be monitored |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109631731A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-16 | 湖南城市学院 | A kind of large scale structure deflection test device and method |
| WO2021167547A1 (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-08-26 | Törk Maki̇ne Sanayi̇ Ve Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ | A dc motor actuator with position control |
| CN113587896A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-02 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | High-precision measurement method for length of trunk and crown of tree in height under any terrain condition |
| CN113587896B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-06-20 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | High-precision measurement method for tree trunk length and crown length under arbitrary terrain condition |
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