CN113587896A - High-precision measurement method for length of trunk and crown of tree in height under any terrain condition - Google Patents

High-precision measurement method for length of trunk and crown of tree in height under any terrain condition Download PDF

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CN113587896A
CN113587896A CN202110937389.2A CN202110937389A CN113587896A CN 113587896 A CN113587896 A CN 113587896A CN 202110937389 A CN202110937389 A CN 202110937389A CN 113587896 A CN113587896 A CN 113587896A
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point
tree
distance
observation
length
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CN113587896B (en
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葛忠强
陈俊强
王清华
梁燕
王霞
李永涛
杜振宇
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Shandong Academy of Forestry
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Shandong Academy of Forestry
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C3/00—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
    • G01C3/10—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders using a parallactic triangle with variable angles and a base of fixed length in the observation station, e.g. in the instrument
    • G01C3/20—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders using a parallactic triangle with variable angles and a base of fixed length in the observation station, e.g. in the instrument with adaptation to the measurement of the height of an object
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision measuring method for the length of a trunk and a long crown of a tree under any topographic condition, which relates to the technical field of forest measurement and adopts the technical scheme that two points at different positions are selected in a measuring environment, wherein one of the points is an observation point, and the other point is a reference point; the observation points and the reference points are selected under the condition that the observation points and the reference points can observe the top point and the base point of the tree to be measured without obstacles respectively, and the height data of the tree body is obtained by measuring the distance between the observation points and the reference points and combining a plurality of angle measurements of the top end of the tree body, the base point and the first branch point. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages that the topographic conditions between a measurer and the target tree to be measured are ignored in the measuring process, particularly under inaccessible topographic conditions, the method is more obvious in advantages, in addition, the measuring precision of the method depends on the distance between an observation point and a reference point and the measuring precision of a plurality of angles, and the measurement of the corners is simple and feasible under the existing technical level.

Description

High-precision measurement method for length of trunk and crown of tree in height under any terrain condition
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forest measurement, in particular to a high-precision measurement method for the length of a trunk and a crown of a tree in a high trunk under any terrain condition.
Background
The tree height, the trunk length and the crown length are three basic investigation factors in the tree growth amount investigation and are closely related to forest carbon sink. At present, survey instruments and methods of the three factors comprise a total station, an electronic theodolite, three-dimensional laser scanning, a bruise-type altimeter, a tree survey pole and the like, and the equipment and the operation have the problems of complex operation, poor portability, high cost, general measurement accuracy and the like, so that the application in practice is limited to a certain extent. In addition, the devices and the methods are often required to be close to the tree to be measured for implementation, and under the condition of complex terrain factors in mountainous areas, workers may have difficulty in reaching the periphery of the tree to be measured, which brings inconvenience to forest measurement work.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a high-precision measuring method for the length of the trunk and the crown of the tree under any topographic condition.
The technical proposal is that the method comprises the steps of,
s1, selecting two points at different positions in a measurement environment, wherein one point is an observation point B, and the other point is a reference point C; the observation point B and the reference point C are selected under the condition that the observation point and the reference point can respectively observe the top point A and the base point D of the tree to be detected, namely the position of the tree tip and the contact position of the trunk and the ground without obstacles;
s2, measuring the distance a between the observation point B and the reference point C, wherein the distance a can be measured by a laser range finder;
s3, recording the vertical projection of the reference point C on the horizontal plane of the observation point B as a reference projection point E, and measuring the degree of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C on the horizontal line relative to the observation point B
Figure 500454DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
To obtainThe distance between the observation point B and the reference projection point E is obtained;
s4, recording a vertical projection point of a tree base point D on a horizontal plane where an observation point B is located as a tree projection point O, and determining the degree of &' BOE through a marker rod L1, a marker rod L2 and the position of a tree to be detected so as to obtain the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B;
s5, measuring the inclination angle [ OBD ] degree of the tree base point D relative to the observation point B
Figure 620857DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Obtaining the distance between the projection point O of the tree and the observation point B according to S4, thereby obtaining the distance between the projection point O of the tree and the base point D of the tree;
s6, selecting a first branch point P on the trunk, and measuring the inclination angle OBP degree of the first branch point P relative to an observation point B
Figure 853124DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
(ii) a Thereby obtaining the distance between the tree projection point O and the first branch point P;
s7, measuring the inclination angle & lt OBA degree of the vertex A relative to the observation point B
Figure 186016DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Thereby obtaining the distance between the projection point O and the vertex A of the tree and further obtaining the height value of the tree body to be measured.
Preferably, in S2, the distance a between the observation point B and the reference point C is measured, specifically, a marker rod L1 and a marker rod L2 are respectively vertically set up at the observation point B and the reference point C, one measurement point is respectively selected from the rod bodies of the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2, and the distance between two rod distance measurement points of the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2 is measured, so as to obtain the distance a between the reference point B and the reference point C;
the measuring point selection method comprises the steps of vertically arranging the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 on the ground of an observation position, taking the ground where the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 are located as a starting point, and respectively selecting one point of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 at the same height as the measuring point. Namely, the measuring points on the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 are equal in vertical distance to the ground surface on which the corresponding marker posts are located.
Preferably, the S3 measures the degree of inclination angle CBE on the horizontal line of the reference point C relative to the observation point B
Figure 718498DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Specifically, the measuring points on the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 are taken as observation points;
an included angle formed by a connecting line of the two measuring points and a measuring point of the marker rod L1 towards a horizontal line of the marker rod L2 is taken as an inclination angle CBE, so that the degree of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C on the horizontal line relative to the observation point B is obtained
Figure 744223DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
。
Preferably, in S3, the distance between observation point B and reference projection point E is obtained, specifically, according to the acquired inclination angle CBE, by using the following formula,
Figure 480097DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
wherein BE is the distance between observation point B and reference projection point E.
Preferably, in S4, the degree of ═ BOE is determined, specifically, the degrees of the included angle °obe are obtained on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is located by taking the axes of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2, and the vertical line passing through the tree base point D as the measurement reference, and the tree projection point O, the observation point B and the reference projection point E form the degree of the included angle °obe
Figure 147839DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Measuring the degree of the included angle OEB
Figure 272177DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
It can be concluded that, in Δ OBE,
Figure 734383DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
namely, it is
Figure 691974DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The angle BOE is an included angle formed by the observation point B, the tree projection point O and the reference projection point E on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is located, and the degree is recorded as
Figure 881516DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
。
Preferably, in S4, the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B is determined, specifically,
in Δ OBE, the corner relationship is derived using the area formula as follows,
Figure 873743DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
so that the length of OB can be obtained,
Figure 506850DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
OB is the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B.
Preferably, the distance from the tree projection point O to the tree base point D is obtained in S5, and specifically, in the right triangle Δ OBD, according to the following formula,
Figure 466584DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
OD is the distance between the projection point O of the tree and the base point D of the tree;
in S6, the method for calculating the distance between the tree projection point O and the first branch point P is to use a formula,
Figure 210549DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
OP is the distance from the projection point O of the tree to the first branch point P;
in S7, the distance between the projection point O and the vertex a is calculated by using a formula,
Figure 57283DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
OA is the distance from the projected point of the tree to vertex A.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 110558DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
is composed of
Figure 42742DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
The degree of (c) is determined,
Figure 590398DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
is composed of
Figure 532116DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
The degree of (c) is determined,
Figure 772605DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is composed of
Figure 926506DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
The degree of (c) is determined,
Figure 277853DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
can be directly measured by a measuring instrument respectively.
Preferably, in S7, the height value of the tree to be measured includes the whole height of the tree, the length of the trunk, and the length of the crown; the whole height of the tree is as follows,
Figure 348446DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
so that the method can obtain the product,
Figure 494256DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
Figure 401032DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
h is the whole height of the tree to be measured;
the length of the trunk is as follows,
Figure 274179DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
so that the method can obtain the product,
Figure 215590DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Figure 532302DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
is the trunk length;
the length of the tree crown is as follows,
Figure 175642DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
so that the method can obtain the product,
Figure 868792DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Figure 133551DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is the crown length.
Preferably, the method also comprises the step of S8, judging whether the tree to be detected vertically grows;
if the tree to be detected vertically grows, the whole height H of the tree to be detected is the real height;
if the tree to be detected grows obliquely, correcting the numerical value through the inclination angle of the tree to be detected relative to the vertical direction, and thus obtaining the real tree height;
judging whether the tree to be detected vertically grows or not, specifically, arranging plumbs at measuring points on the marker post L1 and the marker post L2, and respectively enabling the posts of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 to coincide with the center line of the tree to be detectedMeasuring the included angle between two plumb lines and the marker post L1 and the marker post L2, and taking the maximum value of the two included angles as
Figure 886743DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
，
Figure 754730DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
The degree of the inclination angle of the tree body;
if it is not
Figure 251570DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
If the tree body grows vertically, the whole height of the tree to be detected is the height of the real tree;
if it is not
Figure 636415DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
And the tree body grows obliquely.
Preferably, when the tree to be measured is determined to be growing obliquely in S8, the method for correcting the height value of the real tree is,
the distance between observation point B and tree base point D is obtained, using the following formula,
Figure 544197DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
wherein BD is the distance between the observation point B and the tree base point D;
in the case of the Δ ABD,
Figure 647282DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Figure 416655DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Figure 436433DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
there is a relationship that exists between the presence of,
Figure 269DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Figure 590650DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Figure 412982DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
Figure 772419DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 772736DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
the height of the tree body when the tree inclines;
Figure 102611DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
Figure 479365DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
Figure 958888DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
the trunk length of the tree when the tree is inclined;
Figure 644953DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
Figure 944348DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Figure 124793DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Figure 442511DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
the length of the crown when the tree inclines.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the scheme can be combined with the tree to be detected, two points can be selected as observation points and reference points according to the terrain condition in the observable range near the tree, and the whole height of the tree and the lengths of the trunk part and the crown part can be obtained through simple distance and angle measurement. When the scheme is implemented, the measuring equipment is not required to be too high, and the measuring equipment can be implemented by means of the existing simple equipment such as a laser range finder, an electronic digital display protractor and the like, so that the operation difficulty and the equipment cost of the equipment are both reduced.
The method has the advantages that the method is more obvious in advantage regardless of the topographic conditions between a measurer and a target tree to be measured in the measuring process, particularly under inaccessible topographic conditions, in addition, the measuring precision of the method depends on the distance between an observation point and a reference point and the measuring precision of a plurality of angles, and the measuring of the corners is simple and feasible under the existing technical level, the precision is controllable, and therefore a high-precision measuring result is more easily obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the measurement principle of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the measurement principle of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural view of a measuring apparatus in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view a of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view B of fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of C of fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view a of fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a pad structure according to embodiment 9 of the present invention.
1. A base; 11. a substrate; 12. inserting a rod; 13. a connecting cylinder; 2. a support assembly; 21. a primary strut; 22. a limiting plate; 23. a main pallet; 24. a turntable; 241. rotating the block; 242. a bearing table; 25. a positioning tube; 251. fastening a bolt; 252. a circular level bubble; 26. a large observation groove; 27. an adjusting ring; 3. a large goniometer; 31. fixing a side ruler; 32. moving a side ruler; 33. locking the knob; 34. a sighting device; 35. a handle; 351. a level bubble; 4. a small goniometer; 41. a mounting frame; 42. a plumb bob shaft; 43. a plumb bob; 44. a small angle ruler; 441. a small fixed edge ruler; 442. a small movable edge ruler; 443. a small observation slot; 44. a rotating rod; 5. cushion blocks; 51. and knocking the block.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "disposed" are to be construed broadly, e.g. as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a high-precision measuring method for the length of a trunk and a crown of a tree under any terrain condition, which comprises the steps of,
s1, selecting two points at different positions in a measurement environment, wherein one point is an observation point B, and the other point is a reference point C; the observation point B and the reference point C are selected under the condition that the observation point and the reference point can respectively observe the top point A and the base point D of the tree to be detected, namely the position of the tree tip and the contact position of the trunk and the ground without obstacles;
s2, measuring the distance a between the observation point B and the reference point C, wherein the distance a can be measured by a laser range finder;
measuring the distance a between an observation point B and a reference point C, specifically, vertically setting a mark rod L1 and a mark rod L2 at the observation point B and the reference point C respectively, selecting a measuring point on rod bodies of the mark rod L1 and the mark rod L2 respectively, and measuring the distance between two rod distance measuring points of the mark rod L1 and the mark rod L2 so as to obtain the distance a between the reference point B and the reference point C;
the measuring point selection method comprises the steps of vertically arranging the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 on the ground of an observation position, taking the ground where the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 are located as a starting point, and respectively selecting one point of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 at the same height as the measuring point. Namely, the measuring points on the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 are equal in vertical distance to the ground surface on which the corresponding marker posts are located. The height value here may be chosen to be 1.5 meters from the ground at the measuring point.
S3, marking the vertical projection of the reference point C on the horizontal plane of the observation point B as a reference projection point E, and measuring the position of the reference point C relative to the observation point BDegree of inclination angle CBE on horizontal line
Figure 784631DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Obtaining the distance between the observation point B and the reference projection point E;
the degree of the inclination angle CBE of the measurement reference point C relative to the observation point B on the horizontal line
Figure 836900DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Specifically, the measuring points on the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 are taken as observation points;
an included angle formed by a connecting line of the two measuring points and a measuring point of the marker rod L1 towards a horizontal line of the marker rod L2 is taken as an inclination angle CBE, so that the degree of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C on the horizontal line relative to the observation point B is obtained
Figure 539146DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
。
Obtaining the distance between the observation point B and the reference projection point E, specifically, according to the acquired inclination angle CBE, adopting the following formula to carry out,
Figure 993261DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
wherein BE is the distance between observation point B and reference projection point E.
S4, recording a vertical projection point of a tree base point D on a horizontal plane where an observation point B is located as a tree projection point O, and determining the degree of &' BOE through a marker rod L1, a marker rod L2 and the position of a tree to be detected so as to obtain the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B;
determining the degree of the ═ BOE, specifically, taking the axes of the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2 and the vertical line penetrating through the tree base point D as a measurement reference, so as to measure and obtain the degree of an included angle ° OBE formed by the tree projection point O, the observation point B and the reference projection point E on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is located
Figure 771861DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Measuring the included angleDegree of angle OEB
Figure 45848DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
It can be concluded that, in Δ OBE,
Figure 820293DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
namely, it is
Figure 128915DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
The angle BOE is an included angle formed by the observation point B, the tree projection point O and the reference projection point E on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is located, and the degree is recorded as
Figure 812837DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
。
Determining the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B, specifically,
in Δ OBE, the corner relationship is derived using the area formula as follows,
Figure 823387DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
so that the length of OB can be obtained,
Figure 883747DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
OB is the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B.
S5, measuring the inclination angle [ OBD ] degree of the tree base point D relative to the observation point B
Figure 781296DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Obtaining the distance between the projection point O of the tree and the observation point B according to S4, thereby obtaining the distance between the projection point O of the tree and the base point D of the tree;
the distance from the tree projection point O to the tree base point D is obtained, specifically, in the right triangle Δ OBD, according to the following formula,
Figure 150966DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
OD is the distance between the projection point O of the tree to the base point D of the tree.
S6, selecting a first branch point P on the trunk, and measuring the inclination angle OBP degree of the first branch point P relative to an observation point B
Figure 399545DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
(ii) a Thereby obtaining the distance between the tree projection point O and the first branch point P;
the distance between the projection point O of the tree and the first branch point P is calculated by using a formula,
Figure 263596DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
OP is the distance from the projection point O of the tree to the first branch point P.
S7, measuring the inclination angle & lt OBA degree of the vertex A relative to the observation point B
Figure 281230DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Thereby obtaining the distance between the projection point O and the vertex A of the tree and further obtaining the height value of the tree body to be measured.
The distance between the projection point O and the vertex A of the tree is calculated by using a formula,
Figure 821802DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
OA is the distance from the projected point of the tree to vertex A.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 557677DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
is composed of
Figure 225419DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
The degree of (c) is determined,
Figure 95896DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
is composed of
Figure 823681DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
The degree of (c) is determined,
Figure 781273DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is composed of
Figure 236394DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
The degree of (c) is determined,
Figure 963041DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
can be directly measured by a measuring instrument respectively.
The tree height value to be measured comprises the whole height of the tree, the length of a trunk and the length of a crown; the whole height of the tree is as follows,
Figure 861727DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
so that the method can obtain the product,
Figure 290303DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
Figure 299848DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
h is the whole height of the tree to be measured;
the length of the trunk is as follows,
Figure 146581DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
so that the method can obtain the product,
Figure 668698DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
Figure 600882DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
is the trunk length;
the length of the tree crown is as follows,
Figure 882959DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
so that the method can obtain the product,
Figure 101975DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Figure 811305DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is the crown length.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the degree of the inclination angle CBE
Figure 230785DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
And the degree of inclination angle OBD
Figure 831399DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
In actual measurement, the following three cases can be mainly classified.
(1) When in use
Figure 387146DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
Then, the tree is measured on the downhill surface under the complex terrain condition, the overall height H and the trunk length of the tree to be measured can be respectively obtained by measuring and calculating according to the formula
Figure 532956DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
And crown length
Figure 423421DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
。
(2) When in use
Figure 312879DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
That is, the observation point B and the reference point C are on the same horizontal plane, and the tree is on the slope, at the moment, the height of the slope, the height of the trunk and the length of the crown are measured and calculatedThe formula becomes:
the whole height of the tree to be detected is as follows:
Figure 988711DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
trunk length:
Figure 289111DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
the length of the crown is as follows:
Figure 417605DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
the three formulas are respectively measurement and calculation formulas of the observation point B and the reference point C on the same horizontal plane, and the height of the tree on the slope surface, the height of the trunk and the crown length of the crown of the tree.
(3) When in use
Figure 97372DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
That is, the observation point B and the reference point C are on the same horizontal plane, and the measurement is performed on the trees on the flat ground, and the measurement calculation formula of the tree height, the trunk length and the tree crown length at this time is as follows:
the whole height of the tree to be detected is as follows:
Figure 893290DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
trunk length:
Figure 380903DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
the length of the crown is as follows:
Figure 245960DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
the three formulas are measurement and calculation formulas of the height of the tree, the height of the trunk and the length of the crown of the tree which grow vertically under the flat ground condition.
Example 3
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the method also comprises the step of S8, judging whether the tree to be detected vertically grows;
with reference to figure 2 of the drawings,
Figure 477221DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
a straight line vertically penetrating through the tree base point D;
Figure 596487DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
respectively are point A and point P on line
Figure 504269DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
The vertical line above being sufficiently vertical, i.e. on-line
Figure 607354DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
A horizontal projected point above;
Figure 642306DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
the vertical projection points of the point P and the point A on the horizontal plane OEB are respectively;
Figure 130925DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
is the inclination angle of the tree body in degrees
Figure 960341DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
。
If the tree to be detected vertically grows, the whole height H of the tree to be detected is the real height;
if the tree to be detected grows obliquely, correcting the numerical value through the inclination angle of the tree to be detected relative to the vertical direction, and thus obtaining the real tree height;
judging whether the tree to be detected vertically grows or not, specifically, arranging plumbs at measuring points on the marker post L1 and the marker post L2, respectively enabling the posts of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 to coincide with the center line of the tree to be detected, measuring an included angle between two plumb lines and the posts L1 and L2, and taking the maximum value of the two included angles as the maximum value of the two included angles
Figure 816301DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
，
Figure 375983DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
The degree of the inclination angle of the tree body;
if it is not
Figure 735420DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
If the tree body grows vertically, the whole height of the tree to be detected is the height of the real tree;
if it is not
Figure 735737DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
And the tree body grows obliquely.
When the tree to be detected is judged to be growing obliquely, the correction method for the real tree height value is as follows,
the distance between observation point B and tree base point D is obtained, using the following formula,
Figure 62682DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
wherein BD is the distance between the observation point B and the tree base point D;
in the case of the Δ ABD,
Figure 439437DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
Figure 653381DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
Figure 73866DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
there is a relationship that exists between the presence of,
Figure 373261DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
Figure 271816DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
Figure 605845DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
Figure 213544DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 240713DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
the height of the tree body when the tree inclines;
Figure 693691DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
Figure 882227DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
Figure 644515DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
the trunk length of the tree when the tree is inclined;
Figure 918502DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
Figure 440750DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
Figure 733060DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
Figure 416982DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
the length of the crown when the tree inclines.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 3 to 7, in combination with the method of the present embodiment, the present embodiment provides an angle measuring device, which includes a base 1, a supporting assembly 2, and a large goniometer 3, which are sequentially disposed from bottom to top;
big goniometer 3 includes the angular surveying chi, and the angular surveying chi includes fixed side chi 31 and moves limit chi 32, and fixed side chi 31 rotates through the pivot with the one end of moving limit chi 32 to be connected, and the junction is provided with locking knob 33, and fixed side chi 31 all is provided with on one side of the chi body with move limit chi 32 and is used for the long-range sighting tool 34 of aiming at the location.
Digital display angular surveying chi is selected for use to the angular surveying chi, is provided with the display screen on the chi body of deckle edge chi 31, and digital display angular surveying chi is prior art, no longer gives unnecessary details here.
The base 1 comprises a base plate 11, an inserting rod 12 is vertically and fixedly arranged in the middle of the lower side surface of the base plate 11, the bottom end of the inserting rod 12 is a pointed end, a connecting cylinder 13 is arranged on the upper side surface of the base plate 11, and the lower end of the connecting cylinder 13 is in spherical hinge connection with the base plate 11; the connecting cylinder 13 is hollow, and the inner wall of the connecting cylinder is provided with internal threads;
the supporting assembly 2 comprises a main supporting rod 21, the bottom end of the main supporting rod 21 is in threaded connection with the connecting cylinder 13, an external thread is arranged at the bottom end of the main supporting rod 21, and a limiting plate 22 is arranged on the upper side of the threaded part provided with the external thread; a main supporting plate 23 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the main supporting rod 21, a rotary table 24 is arranged on the upper surface of the main supporting plate 23, the rotary table 24 comprises a rotary block 241 positioned at the bottom, the lower side surface of the rotary block 241 is rotatably connected with the upper surface of the main supporting plate 23, and a bearing table 242 is hinged to the upper part of the rotary block 241;
the bearing table 242 comprises a support rod hinged with the upper part of the rotating block 241, a bedplate is fixedly arranged at the top end of the support rod, and the bedplate is coaxially and rotatably connected with the rotating shafts of the fixed edge ruler 31 and the movable edge ruler 32.
The hinge joint of the support rod and the rotating block 22 is provided with a locking bolt.
The rotary table 24 is of a universal rotating structure, and in forest measurement work, because trees may grow in various situations, the angle required to be measured can be related to the horizontal direction from the vertical direction, and the rotary table 2 is adopted to facilitate the control and use of the tool body 3.
The handle 35 is connected with the outer side of one end of the fixed edge ruler 31 connected with the movable edge ruler 32. The handle 35 is connected to one side of the tool body 3, which is more convenient for the operator to operate the tool body 3.
The handle 35 is provided with an elongated vial 351.
The positioning pipe 25 is sleeved on the rod body of the main support rod 21, the positioning pipe 25 is connected with the main support rod 21 in a sliding mode, a threaded hole is formed in the pipe wall of the positioning pipe 25, the positioning pipe is connected with a fastening bolt 251 in a threaded mode, and a circular level bubble 252 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the pipe wall of the positioning pipe 25.
The outer side of the pipe wall of the positioning pipe 25 is further provided with a small angle meter 4 for measuring the inclined growth angle of the tree, the small angle meter 4 comprises a mounting frame 41, the mounting frame 41 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the positioning pipe 25, a plumb bob rotating shaft 42 is arranged on the mounting frame 41, and the axis of the plumb bob rotating shaft 42 is perpendicular to the axis direction of the main supporting rod 21; a through hole is formed in the shaft rod of the plumb bob rotating shaft 42, the direction of the through hole is the diameter direction of the section of the shaft rod, the upper end of the hanging rope of the plumb bob 43 penetrates through the through hole, and the top end of the hanging rope of the plumb bob 43 is knotted;
a rotating rod 44 is coaxially and rotatably arranged at the end part of the shaft rod of the plumb bob rotating shaft 42, a through groove is formed in the rotating rod 44, and a small-angle ruler 44 is slidably connected in the through groove;
the small angle ruler 44 is also a digital display angle measuring ruler, the small angle ruler 44 comprises a small fixed edge ruler 441 and a small movable edge ruler 442, the small fixed edge ruler 441 penetrates through the through groove and is connected with the plumb rotating shaft 42 in a sliding mode through the through groove, the small movable edge ruler 442 is a folding ruler body, and the joint of the two ruler bodies is hinged; the small fixed edge ruler 441 has a small observation slot 443 formed in the ruler body.
If the tree grows obliquely, the main supporting rod 21 is inclined to be aligned with the central line of the tree, the positioning tube 25 is rotated, the small angle meter 4 is positioned on one side of the main supporting rod 21, which is small in angle relative to the horizontal line, after the plumb bob 43 is in a vertical static state, the rotating rod 44 is rotated, observation is carried out through the small observation groove 443, the small fixed edge ruler 441 and the hanging rope of the plumb bob 43 are positioned on the same straight line, then the small fixed edge ruler 441 is slid, and the angle of the small movable edge ruler 442 is adjusted to be parallel to the axial line of the main supporting rod 21. If after pulling the small fixed side rule 441, it is smallThe distance between the movable side ruler 442 and the main support rod 21 is still too large, the small movable side ruler 442 can be folded, and the width of the small movable side ruler 442 is increased through folding, so that the small movable side ruler can be more easily attached to the outer wall of the main support rod 21. By reading the display screen on the small fixed-edge ruler 441, the inclination angle of the tree can be read, namely, the inclination angle of the tree can be read
Figure 912685DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
。
This device adopts the form of standing of solo-podium formula, combines this scheme to provide measuring method, the direction of adjustment main tributary pole 21 that can be more nimble when measuring, because there are very most condition trees to be the slope growth, consequently, when needs then observe trees inclination with main tributary pole 21 slope, the structure of this device facilitates the use more.
Example 5
On the basis of embodiment 4, each sight 34 includes two sight stars with a space left between them.
Each sight 34 is provided with two sight stars, which can fix the direction and position of sight observation, and cannot change along with the change of sight of an observer, thereby ensuring that a parallel line is maintained between the sight and a ruler attached by the sight stars, and ensuring that the angle observed by the sight is equal to the angle measured by the protractor.
The outer side of one end of the fixed edge ruler 31 connected with the movable edge ruler 32 is fixedly connected with a handle 35. The handle 35 is connected to one side of the tool body 3, which is more convenient for the operator to operate the tool body 3.
The sight angles of the two sighting sights 34 are the same, and the heights of the sighting sights 34 on the fixed edge ruler 31 and the movable edge ruler 32 are the same, so that the sizes of the angle observed by the sight line of the sighting sights, the angle measured by the angle measuring ruler are the same. In actual design and manufacture, the distance between the two sight stars of each sight 34 does not need to be too large, and the manufacturing difficulty can be reduced. The sighting telescope 34 adopting the form does not need extra power supply, and has extremely high applicability to field measurement operation environments.
The sight 34 can also be a red laser emitting sight, which is used in combination with the fixed-edge ruler 31 and the movable-edge ruler 32 to observe the red mark on the tree by the laser via the sight glass.
When angle measurement is carried out, the orientation angles of the fixed edge ruler 31 and the movable edge ruler 32 are respectively determined by combining the sight 34, and angle reading can be carried out according to a display screen on the fixed edge ruler 31.
Example 6
In embodiment 4 or 5, the main bar 21 is provided with a large observation groove 26 radially penetrating the bar body, and the large observation groove 26 is formed along the axis of the main bar 21. When the tree needs to be observed whether to incline, the main supporting rod 21 is inclined to be aligned with the central line of the tree, the measured tree is observed through the large observation groove 26, and whether the main supporting rod 21 is basically aligned with the central line of the tree is ensured.
Example 7
On the basis of embodiment 6, a lens is arranged in the large observation groove 26, the lens is integrally rectangular and strip-shaped, the two radial sides of the lens facing the main supporting rod 21 are both concave arc-shaped surfaces, and a connecting line of the centers of the two arc-shaped surfaces is perpendicular to and intersected with the axis of the main supporting rod 21.
By means of the lens, the observation area obtained through the large observation groove 26 can be enlarged, and considering that the main supporting rods 21 and the inclined central line of the trees need to be ensured in the measurement method, the longitudinal image of the trees cannot be reduced by adopting the lens in the mode, the transverse width of the trees is only narrowed, and therefore whether the trees are centered in the large observation groove 26 can be observed more easily.
Example 8
On the basis of the embodiment 6, elastic transparent films are arranged on two sides of the large observation groove 26, transparent liquid is filled in the large observation groove 26, a cavity is formed in the rod body of the main supporting rod 21 above the large observation groove 26, a piston is arranged in the cavity, the piston slides in the cavity along the axial direction of the main supporting rod 21 and does not rotate, and the cavity is communicated with the inner space of the large observation groove 26;
piston upside fixed connection piston rod, piston rod are the lead screw, rotate on the main branch 21 and set up adjustable ring 27, adjustable ring 27 with piston rod threaded connection.
With this structure, when the adjusting ring 27 drives the piston rod to move downwards, the transparent films on both sides of the large observation groove 26 protrude outwards, and the large observation groove 26 is in a convex lens state, whereas when the piston rod moves upwards, the transparent films are concave, and the large observation groove 26 is in a concave lens state. According to the distance between the main support rod 21 and the tree in the actual use observation process, the state of the large observation groove 26 can be adjusted, the state of the tree image in the large observation groove 26 can be conveniently observed, the alignment of the main support rod 21 and the central line of the tree is ensured, and the final measurement precision is improved.
Example 9
Referring to fig. 8, the apparatus further includes a spacer 5 on the basis of any one of embodiments 4 to 8.
Four positioning holes are formed in the substrate 11, the upper portion of the cushion block 5 is a knocking block 51, a disc-shaped groove is formed in the side face of the knocking block 51, four stand columns are fixedly connected to the lower side face of the knocking block, pin rods are fixedly arranged at the bottom ends of the stand columns and correspond to the positioning holes. When the device is used, the base 1 is placed at a position to be set, the cushion blocks 51 are inserted on the base plate 11, then the cushion blocks are knocked by heavy objects until the insertion rods 12 are inserted into the ground, the cushion blocks 5 are taken down, and the supporting components 2 and the like can finish the erection of the device. Because the environment that the base 1 is not easy to erect is considered to exist in the use environment, the cushion block 5 can be knocked with great force, and the damage to other parts of the device is avoided.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. A high-precision measuring method for the length of a trunk and a crown of a tree under any topographic condition is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1, selecting two points at different positions in a measurement environment, wherein one point is an observation point B, and the other point is a reference point C; the observation point B and the reference point C are selected under the condition that the observation point and the reference point can respectively observe the top point A and the base point D of the tree to be detected without obstacles;
s2, measuring the distance a between the observation point B and the reference point C;
s3, recording the vertical projection of the reference point C on the horizontal plane of the observation point B as a reference projection point E, and measuring the degree of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C on the horizontal line relative to the observation point B to obtain the distance between the observation point B and the reference projection point E;
s4, recording a vertical projection point of a tree base point D on a horizontal plane where an observation point B is located as a tree projection point O, and determining the degree of &' BOE through a marker rod L1, a marker rod L2 and the position of a tree to be detected so as to obtain the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B;
s5, measuring the inclination angle & lt OBD degree of the tree base point D relative to the observation point B, and obtaining the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B according to S4 so as to obtain the distance between the tree projection point O and the tree base point D;
s6, selecting a first branch point P on a trunk, and measuring the inclination angle OBP degree of the first branch point P relative to an observation point B; thereby obtaining the distance between the tree projection point O and the first branch point P;
s7, measuring the inclination angle & lt OBA degree of the vertex A relative to the observation point B, thereby obtaining the distance between the tree projection point O and the vertex A and further obtaining the height value of the tree body to be measured.
2. The method for high-precision measurement of the length of the trunk and the crown of the tree in any terrain condition according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the distance a between an observation point B and a reference point C is measured, specifically, a marker rod L1 and a marker rod L2 are respectively vertically arranged at the observation point B and the reference point C, one measurement point is respectively selected from the rod bodies of the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2, and the distance between two rod distance measurement points of the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2 is measured, so as to obtain the distance a between the reference point B and the reference point C;
the measuring point selection method comprises the steps of vertically arranging the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 on the ground of an observation position, taking the ground where the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 are located as a starting point, and respectively selecting one point of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 at the same height as the measuring point.
3. High precision tree height, trunk length, crown length and under any topographic condition according to claim 2The measuring method is characterized in that the S3 measures the degree of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C relative to the observation point B on the horizontal line
Figure 996407DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Specifically, the measuring points on the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 are taken as observation points;
an included angle formed by a connecting line of the two measuring points and a measuring point of the marker rod L1 towards a horizontal line of the marker rod L2 is taken as an inclination angle CBE, so that the degree of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C on the horizontal line relative to the observation point B is obtained
Figure 893955DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
。
4. The method for high-precision measurement of the length of the trunk and the crown of the tree under any topographic condition according to claim 3, wherein in S3, the distance between an observation point B and a reference projection point E is obtained, specifically, according to the obtained inclination angle CBE, the following formula is adopted,
Figure 263626DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
wherein BE is the distance between observation point B and reference projection point E.
5. The method for highly accurately measuring the length of the tree trunk and the crown under any terrain condition as claimed in claim 4, wherein in S4, the degree of ≦ BOE is determined, specifically, the degree of the included angle ≦ OBE is obtained by taking the axes of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 and the vertical line passing through the base point D of the tree as the measurement reference, so that the measurement is obtained on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is located, the degree of the included angle ≦ OBE is formed by the tree projection point O, the observation point B and the reference projection point E, and the degree of the included angle ≦ OEB is measured,
Figure 512204DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and the angle BOE is an included angle formed by the observation point B, the tree projection point O and the reference projection point E on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is located.
6. The method for high-precision measurement of the trunk length and crown length of the tree with high trunk height under any topographic condition as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step S4, the distance between the projected point O and the observation point B is determined, specifically,
Figure 845097DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
OB is the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B.
7. The method for high-precision measurement of trunk length and crown length at any topographic condition of claim 6, wherein the distance from the projection point O to the base point D is obtained in S5, specifically, according to the following formula,
Figure 111999DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
OD is the distance between the projection point O of the tree and the base point D of the tree;
in S6, the method for calculating the distance between the tree projection point O and the first branch point P is to use a formula,
Figure 668882DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
OP is the distance from the projection point O of the tree to the first branch point P;
in S7, the distance between the projection point O and the vertex a is calculated by using a formula,
Figure 139178DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
OA is the distance from the projected point of the tree to vertex A.
8. The method for high-precision measurement of the height, the trunk length and the crown length of the tree under any topographic condition according to the claims 1 to 7, wherein in the step S7, the values of the height of the tree body to be measured comprise the whole height, the trunk length and the crown length of the tree; the whole height of the tree is as follows,
Figure 525029DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
h is the whole height of the tree to be measured;
the length of the trunk is as follows,
Figure 397170DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Figure 124954DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is the trunk length;
the length of the tree crown is as follows,
Figure 69164DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Figure 275017DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
is the crown length.
9. The method for high-precision measurement of the trunk length, the trunk length and the crown length of the tree under any topographic condition according to the claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by further comprising the steps of S8, judging whether the tree to be measured is in vertical growth;
if the tree to be detected vertically grows, the whole height H of the tree to be detected is the real height;
if the tree to be detected grows obliquely, correcting the numerical value through the inclination angle of the tree to be detected relative to the vertical direction, and thus obtaining the real tree height;
judging whether the tree to be detected vertically grows or not, specifically, arranging plumbs at measuring points on the marker post L1 and the marker post L2, respectively enabling the posts of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 to coincide with the center line of the tree to be detected, measuring an included angle between two plumb lines and the posts L1 and L2, and taking the maximum value of the two included angles as the maximum value of the two included angles
Figure 267244DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
，
Figure 149619DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The degree of the inclination angle of the tree body;
if it is not
Figure 594506DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
If the tree body grows vertically, the whole height of the tree to be detected is the height of the real tree;
if it is not
Figure 604051DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
And the tree body grows obliquely.
10. The method for high-precision measurement of trunk length and trunk height under any topographic conditions according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein when the tree to be measured is judged to be obliquely grown in S8, the true tree height value is corrected by,
the distance between observation point B and tree base point D is obtained, using the following formula,
Figure 434472DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
wherein BD is the distance between the observation point B and the tree base point D;
in the case of the Δ ABD,
Figure 504059DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Figure 170664DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Figure 967588DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 934407DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
the height of the tree body when the tree inclines;
Figure 643737DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
Figure 328796DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
the trunk length of the tree when the tree is inclined;
Figure 666761DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Figure 488086DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
the length of the crown when the tree inclines.
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