CN113587896B - High-precision measurement method for tree trunk length and crown length under arbitrary terrain condition - Google Patents
High-precision measurement method for tree trunk length and crown length under arbitrary terrain condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision measurement method for the trunk length and crown length of a tree under any terrain condition, which relates to the technical field of forest measurement and adopts the technical scheme that two points at different positions are selected in a measurement environment, wherein one point is an observation point, and the other point is a reference point; the selection condition of the observation point and the reference point is that the observation point and the reference point can be observed in a barrier-free manner and are respectively connected with the tree top point and the tree base point to be measured, and the height data of the tree body is obtained by measuring the distance between the observation point and the reference point and combining with a plurality of angle measurements of the top end of the tree body, the tree base point and the first branch point. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: in the scheme, the topographic condition between a measurer and the target tree to be measured is disregarded in the measuring process, and particularly under the inaccessible topographic condition, the advantage of the scheme is more obvious, in addition, the measuring precision of the scheme depends on the distance between an observation point and a reference point and the measuring precision of a plurality of angles, and the measuring of the angles is simple and easy to implement under the prior art level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forest measurement, in particular to a high-precision measurement method for the length of a tree trunk and a crown under any terrain condition.
Background
Tree height, trunk length and crown length are three basic investigation factors in investigation of tree growth, and are closely related to forest carbon sink. The three factor investigation instruments and methods at present comprise total stations, electronic theodolites, three-dimensional laser scanning, altimeters of cloth Lu Laisi and the like, tree measuring rods and the like, and the equipment and the operation respectively have the problems of complex or operation, poor portability, high cost, or general measurement precision and the like, so that the practical application is limited to a certain extent. In addition, these devices and methods often need to be implemented close to the trees to be measured, and under the condition of complex topography factors in mountain areas, workers may have difficulty reaching the peripheral range of the trees to be measured, which brings inconvenience to forest measurement work.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a high-precision measurement method for the length of a tree trunk and a crown under any terrain condition.
The technical proposal is that the method comprises the steps of,
s1, selecting two points at different positions in a measuring environment, wherein one point is an observation point B, and the other point is a reference point C; the observation point B and the reference point C are selected under the condition that the observation point and the reference point can be observed to be in accessible state with the tree top point A and the tree base point D to be detected respectively, namely the tree top position and the tree trunk and the ground contact position;
s2, measuring a distance a between the observation point B and the reference point C, wherein the distance a can be measured by using a laser range finder;
s3, recording the vertical projection of the reference point C on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is located as a reference projection point E, and measuring the degree beta of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C relative to the observation point B on the horizontal line to obtain the distance between the observation point B and the reference projection point E;
s4, marking a vertical projection point of the tree base point D on the horizontal plane of the observation point B as a tree projection point O, and determining the degree of the angle BOE through the positions of the marker rod L1, the marker rod L2 and the tree to be detected, so as to obtain the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B;
s5, measuring the degree beta of the inclination angle OBD of the tree base point D relative to the observation point B 1 Obtaining the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B according to the S4, so as to obtain the distance between the tree projection point O and the tree base point D;
s6, selecting a first branch point P on the trunk, and measuring the inclination angle of the first branch point P relative to the observation point B as the OBP degree beta 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Thereby obtaining the distance between the tree projection point O and the first branch point P;
s7, measuring the degree beta of the inclination angle OBA of the vertex A relative to the observation point B 3 Thereby obtaining the distance between the tree projection point O and the vertex A, and further obtaining the height value of the tree to be detected.
Preferably, in the step S2, a distance a between the observation point B and the reference point C is measured, specifically, a marker post L1 and a marker post L2 are respectively vertically set up at the observation point B and the reference point C, a measurement point is respectively selected on the post bodies of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2, and a distance between two post distance measurement points of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 is measured, so as to obtain a distance a between the observation point B and the reference point C;
the method for selecting the measuring points comprises the steps of vertically arranging a marker rod L1 and a marker rod L2 on the ground of an observation position, taking the ground where the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2 are located as a starting point, and respectively selecting one point at the same height on the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2 as the measuring point. Namely, the vertical distance between the measuring points on the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 and the ground surface on which the corresponding marker posts are positioned is equal.
Preferably, the S3 measures the degree β of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C on the horizontal line with respect to the observation point B, specifically, the measurement points on the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 are taken as the observation points;
and forming an included angle as an inclination angle CBE by using a connecting line of the two measuring points and a horizontal line of the measuring point of the marker rod L1 facing the marker rod L2, so as to obtain the degree beta of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C relative to the observation point B on the horizontal line.
Preferably, in the step S3, the distance between the observation point B and the reference projection point E is obtained, specifically, according to the obtained inclination angle CBE, by adopting the following formula,
BE＝BC×cos(∠CBE)＝a×cos(β)
wherein BE is the distance between the observation point B and the reference projection point E.
Preferably, in the step S4, the degrees of the angle BOE are determined, specifically, the axes of the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2 and the vertical line penetrating through the tree base point D are taken as measurement references, so that the degrees α of the angle OBE formed by the tree projection point O, the observation point B and the reference projection point E on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is located are obtained by measurement 1 Measuring the degree alpha of an included angle OEB 2 It follows that, in DeltaOBE,
∠BOE＝180°-∠OBE-∠OEB
i.e.
∠BOE＝180°-α 1 -α 2
The angle BOE is an included angle formed by the observation point B, the tree projection point O and the reference projection point E on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is located, and the degree is recorded as alpha 3 。
Preferably, in S4, a distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B is determined, specifically,
in ΔOBE, the corner relationship is deduced as follows using the area formula,
a long length of OB can then be obtained,
OB is the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B.
Preferably, the distance from the tree projection point O to the tree base point D is obtained in S5, specifically, in the right triangle Δobd, according to the following formula,
OD＝OB×tg(∠OBD)＝OB×tg(β 1 )
OD is the distance between the tree projection point O and the tree base point D;
in S6, the distance between the tree projection point O and the first branch point P is calculated by using a formula,
OP＝OB×tg(∠OBP)＝OB×tg(β 2 )
OP is the distance from the tree projection point O to the first branch point P;
in S7, the calculation method of the distance between the tree projection point O and the vertex a is that, using a formula,
OA＝OB×tg(∠OBA)＝OB×tg(β 3 )
OA is the distance of the tree projection point to the vertex a.
Wherein beta is 1 Degree of OBD, beta 2 Degree of OBP, beta 3 Degree of OBA, beta 1 、β 2 、β 3 Can be obtained by direct measurement by a measuring instrument respectively.
Preferably, in the step S7, the height value of the tree to be measured includes the overall height of the tree, the trunk length and the crown length; the overall height of the tree is as follows,
H＝AD＝OA-OD＝OB×tg(β 3 )-OB×tg(β 1 )＝OB×(tg(β 3 )-tg(β 1 ))
so that it is possible to obtain a product,
h is the whole height of the tree to be measured;
the length of the trunk is equal to that of the tree,
H 1 ＝DP＝OP-OD＝OB×tg(β 2 )-OB×tg(β 1 )
so that it is possible to obtain a product,
H 1 is the trunk length;
the length of the crown is equal to that of the tree crown,
H 2 ＝AP＝OA-OP＝OB×tg(β 3 )-OB×tg(β 2 )
so that it is possible to obtain a product,
H 2 is the crown length.
Preferably, the method further comprises S8, judging whether the tree to be detected grows vertically or not;
if the tree to be detected grows vertically, the whole height H of the tree to be detected is the height of a real tree;
if the tree to be detected grows obliquely, carrying out numerical correction through the inclination angle of the tree to be detected relative to the vertical direction, so as to obtain the real tree height;
judging whether the tree to be detected grows vertically, specifically, setting plumbs at measuring points on the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2, respectively overlapping the rod bodies of the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2 with the central line of the tree to be detected, measuring the included angles between the two plumb lines and the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2, taking the maximum value of the two included angles to be recorded as beta 0 ，β 0 Is the degree of the inclination angle of the tree body;
if beta is 0 If the total height of the tree to be detected is true tree height, the tree body grows vertically;
if beta is 0 Not equal to 0, the tree body grows obliquely.
Preferably, when it is determined in S8 that the tree to be measured is obliquely grown, the correction method for the true tree height value is,
the distance between the observation point B and the tree base point D is obtained, using the following equation,
BD is the distance between the observation point B and the tree base point D;
in the case of the Δabd,
∠ABD＝∠OBA-∠OBD＝β 3 -β 1
∠DBP＝∠OBP-∠OPD＝β 2 -β 1
∠BAD＝90°-∠OBA+β 0 ＝90°-β 3 +β 0
there is a relationship between the presence of a first agent,
wherein H is ′ The height of the tree body is the height of the tree body when the tree is inclined;
H ′ 1 is the trunk length when the tree is inclined;
H ′ 2 is the crown length when the tree is inclined.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the scheme, the tree to be detected can be combined, two points are selected as observation points and reference points in the range which can be observed nearby according to the topography, and the whole height of the tree and the lengths of the trunk part and the crown part can be obtained through simple distance and angle measurement. When this scheme is implemented, do not have too high demand to measuring equipment, can implement with the help of current simple equipment, like laser rangefinder, electron digital display protractor etc to in the operation degree of difficulty of equipment and in equipment cost also all reduce.
In the scheme, the topographic condition between a measurer and the target tree to be measured is disregarded in the measuring process, particularly under the inaccessible topographic condition, the advantage of the scheme is more obvious, in addition, the measuring precision of the scheme depends on the distance between an observation point and a reference point and the measuring precision of a plurality of angles, and the measuring of the angles is simple and easy to implement and the precision is controllable under the prior art level, so that the measuring result with high precision is easier to obtain.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a measuring apparatus according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of a of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of B of fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of C of fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 6 a.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a pad structure according to embodiment 9 of the present invention.
1. A base; 11. a substrate; 12. a rod; 13. a connecting cylinder; 2. a support assembly; 21. a main support rod; 22. a limiting plate; 23. a main pallet; 24. a turntable; 241. a rotating block; 242. a carrying platform; 25. a positioning tube; 251. a fastening bolt; 252. a circular level bubble; 26. a large observation groove; 27. an adjusting ring; 3. a large goniometer; 31. edge setting rule; 32. a movable edge ruler; 33. a locking knob; 34. an aiming tool; 35. a handle; 351. a vial; 4. a small goniometer; 41. a mounting frame; 42. a plumb spindle; 43. a plumb bob; 44. a small angle ruler; 441. a small fixed edge ruler; 442. small moving edge rule; 443. a small observation groove; 44. a rotating rod; 5. a cushion block; 51. the block is knocked.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships that are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "configured" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a high-precision measurement method for the length of a tree trunk and a crown under any terrain condition, which comprises the steps of,
s1, selecting two points at different positions in a measuring environment, wherein one point is an observation point B, and the other point is a reference point C; the observation point B and the reference point C are selected under the condition that the observation point and the reference point can be observed to be in accessible state with the tree top point A and the tree base point D to be detected respectively, namely the tree top position and the tree trunk and the ground contact position;
s2, measuring a distance a between the observation point B and the reference point C, wherein the distance a can be measured by using a laser range finder;
measuring a distance a between an observation point B and a reference point C, namely vertically setting a marker post L1 and a marker post L2 at the observation point B and the reference point C respectively, respectively selecting a measurement point on a post body of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2, and measuring a distance between two post distance measurement points of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 so as to obtain a distance a between the observation point B and the reference point C;
the method for selecting the measuring points comprises the steps of vertically arranging a marker rod L1 and a marker rod L2 on the ground of an observation position, taking the ground where the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2 are located as a starting point, and respectively selecting one point at the same height on the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2 as the measuring point. Namely, the vertical distance between the measuring points on the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 and the ground surface on which the corresponding marker posts are positioned is equal. The height value here may be chosen to be 1.5 meters from the ground at the measuring point.
S3, recording the vertical projection of the reference point C on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is located as a reference projection point E, and measuring the degree beta of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C relative to the observation point B on the horizontal line to obtain the distance between the observation point B and the reference projection point E;
the degree beta of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C relative to the observation point B on the horizontal line is measured, specifically, the measurement points on the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 are taken as the observation points;
and forming an included angle as an inclination angle CBE by using a connecting line of the two measuring points and a horizontal line of the measuring point of the marker rod L1 facing the marker rod L2, so as to obtain the degree beta of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C relative to the observation point B on the horizontal line.
The distance between the observation point B and the reference projection point E is obtained, specifically, according to the acquired inclination angle CBE, the following formula is adopted,
BE＝BC×cos(∠CBE)＝a×cos(β)
wherein BE is the distance between the observation point B and the reference projection point E.
S4, marking a vertical projection point of the tree base point D on the horizontal plane of the observation point B as a tree projection point O, and determining the degree of the angle BOE through the positions of the marker rod L1, the marker rod L2 and the tree to be detected, so as to obtain the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B;
the degree of the BOE is determined, specifically, the axes of the marker rods L1 and L2 and the vertical line penetrating through the tree base point D are taken as measurement references, so that the degree alpha of the included angle OBE formed by the tree projection point O, the observation point B and the reference projection point E on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is positioned is obtained by measurement 1 Measuring degree of included angle OEBα 2 It follows that, in DeltaOBE,
∠BOE＝180°-∠OBE-∠OEB
i.e.
∠BOE＝180°-α 1 -α 2
The angle BOE is an included angle formed by the observation point B, the tree projection point O and the reference projection point E on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is located, and the degree is recorded as alpha 3 。
The distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B is determined, specifically,
in ΔOBE, the corner relationship is deduced as follows using the area formula,
a long length of OB can then be obtained,
OB is the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B.
S5, measuring the degree beta of the inclination angle OBD of the tree base point D relative to the observation point B 1 Obtaining the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B according to the S4, so as to obtain the distance between the tree projection point O and the tree base point D;
the distance from the tree projection point O to the tree base point D is obtained, specifically, in the right triangle Δobd, according to the following formula,
OD＝OB×tg(∠OBD)＝OB×tg(β 1 )
OD is the distance between tree projection point O to tree base point D.
S6, selecting a first branch point P on the trunk, and measuring the inclination angle of the first branch point P relative to the observation point B as the OBP degree beta 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Thereby obtaining the distance between the tree projection point O and the first branch point P;
the distance between the tree projection point O and the first branch point P is calculated by using a formula,
OP＝OB×tg(∠OBP)＝OB×tg(β 2 )
OP is the distance from the tree projection point O to the first branch point P.
S7, measuring the degree beta of the inclination angle OBA of the vertex A relative to the observation point B 3 Thereby obtaining the distance between the tree projection point O and the vertex A, and further obtaining the height value of the tree to be detected.
The distance between the tree projection point O and the vertex A is calculated by using a formula,
OA＝OB×tg(∠OBA)＝OB×tg(β 3 )
OA is the distance of the tree projection point to the vertex a.
Wherein beta is 1 Degree of OBD, beta 2 Degree of OBP, beta 3 Degree of OBA, beta 1 、β 2 、β 3 Can be obtained by direct measurement by a measuring instrument respectively.
The height value of the tree to be measured comprises the overall height of the tree, the trunk length and the crown length; the overall height of the tree is h=ad=oa-od=ob×tg (β 3 )-OB×tg(β 1 )＝OB×(tg(β 3 )-tg(β 1 ))
So that it is possible to obtain a product,
h is the whole height of the tree to be measured;
the length of the trunk is equal to that of the tree,
H 1 ＝DP＝OP-OD＝OB×tg(β 2 )-OB×tg(β 1 )
so that it is possible to obtain a product,
H 1 is the trunk length;
the length of the crown is equal to that of the tree crown,
H 2 ＝AP＝OA-OP＝OB×tg(β 3 )-OB×tg(β 2 )
so that it is possible to obtain a product,
H 2 is the crown length.
Example 2
On the basis of example 1, the degree β of the Tilt CBE, and the degree β of the Tilt OBD 1 The actual measurement can be mainly classified into the following three cases.
(1) When beta is not equal to 0, beta 1 When the height is not equal to 0, namely, slope tree measurement under the complex terrain condition is realized, the whole height H of the tree to be measured can be respectively obtained by measuring and calculating according to the formula, and the trunk length H 1 Crown length H 2 。
(2) When β=0, β 1 Not equal to 0, namely the observation point B and the reference point C are on the same horizontal plane, and the trees are on the slope, and at the moment, the measurement calculation formulas of the height of the slope tree, the height of the trunk and the crown length of the tree crown become as follows:
the whole height of the tree to be measured:
trunk length:
crown length:
the three formulas are respectively measurement and calculation formulas of the height of the tree, the trunk height and the crown length of the tree on the slope surface, wherein the observation point B and the reference point C are in the same horizontal plane.
(3) When β=0, β 1 =0, namely, the observation point B and the reference point C are on the same horizontal plane, and the measurement calculation formula of the tree height, the trunk length and the crown length is:
the whole height of the tree to be measured:
trunk length:
crown length:
the three formulas are measurement and calculation formulas of tree height, trunk height and crown length which vertically grow under the condition of flat ground.
Example 3
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the method further comprises the steps of S8, judging whether the tree to be detected grows vertically or not;
referring to FIG. 2, A 1 D is a straight line vertically penetrating through the tree base point D; a is that 1 、P 1 Respectively is A point and P point on line A 1 The vertical line on D is on foot, i.e. on line A 1 A horizontal projection point on D; o (O) 1 、O 2 Respectively vertical projection points of the point P and the point A on a horizontal plane OEB; angle ADA 1 The degree is beta as the inclination angle of the tree body 0 。
If the tree to be detected grows vertically, the whole height H of the tree to be detected is the height of a real tree;
if the tree to be detected grows obliquely, carrying out numerical correction through the inclination angle of the tree to be detected relative to the vertical direction, so as to obtain the real tree height;
judging whether the tree to be detected grows vertically or not, specificallyIn order to set plumb at the measuring points on the marker bar L1 and the marker bar L2, respectively overlapping the bar bodies of the marker bar L1 and the marker bar L2 with the central line of the tree body to be measured, measuring the included angles between the two plumb lines and the marker bar L1 and the marker bar L2, and taking the maximum value of the two included angles as beta 0 ，β 0 Is the degree of the inclination angle of the tree body;
if beta is 0 If the total height of the tree to be detected is true tree height, the tree body grows vertically;
if beta is 0 Not equal to 0, the tree body grows obliquely.
When the tree to be measured is determined to grow obliquely, the correction method for the high value of the real tree is that,
the distance between the observation point B and the tree base point D is obtained, using the following equation,
BD is the distance between the observation point B and the tree base point D;
in the case of the Δabd,
∠ABD＝∠OBA-∠OBD＝β 3 -β 1
∠DBP＝∠OBP-∠OPD＝β 2 -β 1
∠BAD＝90°-∠OBA+β 0 ＝90°-β 3 +β 0
there is a relationship between the presence of a first agent,
wherein H is ′ The height of the tree body is the height of the tree body when the tree is inclined;
H ′ 1 is the trunk length when the tree is inclined;
H ′ 2 is the crown length when the tree is inclined.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 3 to 7, in combination with the method according to the present embodiment, the present embodiment proposes a tree height measuring device under any terrain condition, the device itself includes a base 1, a supporting component 2 and a large goniometer 3 sequentially disposed from bottom to top;
the large angle meter 3 comprises an angle measuring ruler, the angle measuring ruler comprises a fixed edge ruler 31 and a movable edge ruler 32, one ends of the fixed edge ruler 31 and the movable edge ruler 32 are rotatably connected through a rotating shaft, a locking knob 33 is arranged at the joint, and aiming tools 34 for long-distance aiming and positioning are arranged on one sides of ruler bodies of the fixed edge ruler 31 and the movable edge ruler 32.
The angle measuring ruler is a digital display angle measuring ruler, a display screen is arranged on the ruler body of the fixed edge ruler 31, and the digital display angle measuring ruler is of the prior art and is not described in detail herein.
The base 1 comprises a base plate 11, wherein an inserting rod 12 is vertically and fixedly arranged in the middle of the lower side surface of the base plate 11, the bottom end of the inserting rod 12 is a tip, a connecting cylinder 13 is arranged on the upper side surface of the base plate 11, and the lower end of the connecting cylinder 13 is in spherical hinge connection with the base plate 11; the connecting cylinder 13 is hollow, and the inner wall is provided with internal threads;
the supporting component 2 comprises a main supporting rod 21, the bottom end of the main supporting rod 21 is in threaded connection with the connecting cylinder 13, an external thread is arranged at the bottom end of the main supporting rod 21, and a limiting plate 22 is arranged on the upper side of a threaded part provided with the external thread; the top end of the main supporting rod 21 is fixedly provided with a main supporting plate 23, the upper surface of the main supporting plate 23 is provided with a rotary table 24, the rotary table 24 comprises a rotary block 241 positioned at the bottom, the lower side surface of the rotary block 241 is rotationally connected with the upper surface of the main supporting plate 23, and the upper part of the rotary block 241 is hinged with a bearing table 242;
the bearing table 242 comprises a supporting rod hinged to the upper portion of the rotating block 241, and a platen is fixedly arranged at the top end of the supporting rod and is coaxially and rotatably connected with the rotating shafts of the fixed edge 31 and the movable edge 32.
The hinge of the strut and the turning block 22 is provided with a locking bolt.
The turntable 24 is of a universal rotation structure, and in forest measurement work, as various situations may exist in the growth of trees, and the angle to be measured may be related from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction, the turntable 2 is adopted to facilitate the control and use of the tool body 3.
The handle 35 is connected to the outside of the end of the fixed edge 31 connected to the movable edge 32. The handle 35 is connected to one side of the tool body 3, so that the tool body 3 can be operated by a worker more conveniently.
The handle 35 is provided with an elongated vial 351.
The locating tube 25 is sleeved on the rod body of the main supporting rod 21, the locating tube 25 is in sliding connection with the main supporting rod 21, a threaded hole is formed in the tube wall of the locating tube 25, a fastening bolt 251 is connected through threads, and a round level bubble 252 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the tube wall of the locating tube 25.
The outer side of the pipe wall of the positioning pipe 25 is also provided with a small angle meter 4 for measuring the inclined growth angle of the tree, the small angle meter 4 comprises a mounting frame 41, the mounting frame 41 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the positioning pipe 25, a plumb rotary shaft 42 is arranged on the mounting frame 41, and the axis of the plumb rotary shaft 42 is perpendicular to the axis direction of the main support 21; a through hole is formed in the shaft lever of the plumb bob rotating shaft 42, the direction of the through hole is the diameter direction of the section of the shaft lever, the upper end of the hanging rope of the plumb bob 43 passes through the through hole, and the top end of the hanging rope of the plumb bob 43 is knotted;
the end part of the shaft lever of the plumb bob rotating shaft 42 is coaxially and rotatably provided with a rotating rod 44, the rotating rod 44 is provided with a through groove, and the through groove is in sliding connection with a small angle ruler 44;
the small angle ruler 44 is also a digital display angle measuring ruler, the small angle ruler 44 comprises a small fixed edge ruler 441 and a small movable edge ruler 442, the small fixed edge ruler 441 penetrates through the through groove and is in sliding connection with the plumb rotary shaft 42 through the through groove, the small movable edge ruler 442 is a folding ruler body, and the joint of the two sections of ruler bodies is hinged; a small observation groove 443 is formed on the ruler body of the small fixed edge ruler 441.
If the tree grows obliquely, combining the measuring method of the scheme, the main support rod 21 is inclined to be aligned with the central line of the tree, the positioning tube 25 is rotated, the small goniometer 4 is positioned on one side of the main support rod 21 with a small angle relative to the horizontal line, after the plumb 43 is in a vertical static state, the rotating rod 44 is rotated, the small fixed edge 441 and the hanging rope of the plumb 43 are positioned on the same straight line through the small observation groove 443 for observation, then the small fixed edge 441 is slid, and the angle of the small movable edge 442 is adjusted to be parallel to the axis of the main support rod 21. If the distance between the small movable edge 442 and the main support rod 21 is too large after the small fixed edge 441 is pulled, the small movable edge 442 can be folded, and the width of the small movable edge 442 is increased by folding, so that the small movable edge 442 is easier to be close to the outer wall of the main support rod 21. By reading the display screen on the small fixed edge 441, the tree inclination angle, namely beta, can be read out 0 。
The device adopts a unipod type supporting form, provides a measuring method by combining the scheme, and can flexibly adjust the direction of the main supporting rod 21 during measurement because most of trees grow obliquely, so that the device is more convenient to use when the main supporting rod 21 is required to incline and then the inclination angle of the trees is observed.
Example 5
On the basis of embodiment 4, each sight 34 includes two sight lines with a space therebetween.
Each sight 34 is provided with two sight lines, so that the direction position of the sight line observation can be fixed and cannot change along with the change of the sight line of an observer, thereby ensuring that parallel lines are kept between the sight line and a ruler attached to the sight line, and ensuring that the angle observed by the sight line is equal to the angle measured by the protractor.
The handle 35 is fixedly connected to the outer side of one end of the fixed edge 31 connected with the movable edge 32. The handle 35 is connected to one side of the tool body 3, so that the tool body 3 can be operated by a worker more conveniently.
The sight of the two sights 34 is the same, and the heights of the sights 34 on the fixed edge ruler 31 and the movable edge ruler 32 are consistent, so that the consistency of the angle observed by the sight line and the angle measured by the angle measuring ruler can be ensured. In practical design and manufacture, the distance between the two sight points of each sighting telescope 34 is not required to be too large, so that the manufacturing difficulty can be reduced. The sighting telescope 34 adopting the form does not need to be additionally powered, and has extremely high applicability to the field measurement operation environment.
The sighting telescope 34 can also be a red light laser emission sighting telescope, and is matched with the use of the fixed edge 31 and the movable edge 32 by combining the observation of red marks on trees by the laser through a sight glass.
When the angle measurement is carried out, the orientation angles of the fixed edge 31 and the movable edge 32 are respectively determined by combining the sighting telescope 34, and the angle reading is carried out according to the display screen on the fixed edge 31.
Example 6
On the basis of embodiment 4 or 5, the rod body of the main supporting rod 21 is provided with a large observation groove 26 penetrating the rod body radially, and the large observation groove 26 is formed along the axis of the main supporting rod 21. When it is desired to observe whether the tree is inclined, the primary struts 21 are inclined so as to be aligned with the tree midline, and the monitored tree is observed through the large observation slots 26 to ensure that the primary struts 21 and the tree midline are substantially aligned.
Example 7
On the basis of embodiment 6, a lens is disposed in the large observation groove 26, the lens is in a rectangular strip shape as a whole, both radial sides of the lens facing the main supporting rod 21 are concave arc surfaces, and a connecting line of the centers of the two arc surfaces is perpendicular to and intersects with the axis of the main supporting rod 21.
By the arrangement of the lens, the observation area obtained through the large observation groove 26 can be enlarged, and in consideration of the measurement method, it is necessary to ensure that the main strut 21 and the tree are inclined with respect thereto, and by adopting this form of lens, the longitudinal image of the tree is not reduced, but only the lateral width of the tree is narrowed, so that it is easier to observe whether the tree is centered in the large observation groove 26.
Example 8
On the basis of embodiment 6, elastic transparent films are arranged on two sides of the large observation groove 26, transparent liquid is filled in the large observation groove 26, a cavity is formed in the rod body of the main support rod 21 above the large observation groove 26, a piston is arranged in the cavity, the piston axially slides along the main support rod 21 in the cavity and does not rotate, and the cavity is communicated with the inner space of the large observation groove 26;
the upper side of the piston is fixedly connected with a piston rod, the piston rod is a screw rod, an adjusting ring 27 is rotatably arranged on the main support rod 21, and the adjusting ring 27 is in threaded connection with the piston rod.
With this structure, when the adjusting ring 27 drives the piston rod to move downward, the transparent films on both sides of the large observation groove 26 protrude outward, and the large observation groove 26 is in a convex lens state at this time, whereas when the piston rod moves upward, the transparent film is concave, and the large observation groove 26 is in a concave lens state. According to the distance between the main support rod 21 and the tree in the actual use observation process, the state of the large observation groove 26 can be adjusted, so that the state of the tree image in the large observation groove 26 can be observed better, the alignment of the main support rod 21 and the tree center line is ensured, and the final measurement accuracy is improved.
Example 9
Referring to fig. 8, the present apparatus further includes a pad 5 on the basis of any one of embodiment 4 to embodiment 8.
Four locating holes are formed in the base plate 11, a knocking block 51 is arranged on the upper portion of the cushion block 5, a dish-shaped groove is formed in the upper side face of the knocking block 51, four stand columns are fixedly connected to the lower side face of the knocking block, and pin rods are fixedly arranged at the bottom ends of the stand columns and correspond to the locating holes. When the device is used, the base 1 is placed at a position to be set, the cushion block 51 is inserted on the base plate 11, then the cushion block is knocked by a heavy object until the inserted link 12 is inserted into the ground surface, the cushion block 5 is removed, and the supporting component 2 and the like can complete the erection of the device. Because the environment in which the base 1 is not easy to erect is considered to exist in the use environment, the cushion block 5 can be knocked with great force, and other parts of the device are prevented from being damaged.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-precision measurement method for the trunk length and crown length of a tree under any terrain condition is characterized by comprising the steps of,
s1, selecting two points at different positions in a measuring environment, wherein one point is an observation point B, and the other point is a reference point C; the observation point B and the reference point C are selected under the condition that the observation point and the reference point can be observed to be in accessible condition with the tree top point A and the tree base point D to be detected respectively;
s2, measuring a distance a between the observation point B and the reference point C;
s3, recording the vertical projection of the reference point C on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is located as a reference projection point E, measuring the degree of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C relative to the observation point B on the horizontal line, and obtaining the distance between the observation point B and the reference projection point E;
s4, marking a vertical projection point of the tree base point D on the horizontal plane of the observation point B as a tree projection point O, and determining the degree of the angle BOE through the positions of the marker rod L1, the marker rod L2 and the tree to be detected, so as to obtain the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B;
s5, measuring the degree of the inclination angle OBD of the tree base point D relative to the observation point B, and obtaining the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B according to the S4, so as to obtain the distance between the tree projection point O and the tree base point D;
s6, selecting a first branch point P on the trunk, and measuring the inclination angle of the first branch point P relative to the observation point B as the OBP degree; thereby obtaining the distance between the tree projection point O and the first branch point P;
s7, measuring the degree of the inclination angle OBA of the vertex A relative to the observation point B, so as to obtain the distance between the tree projection point O and the vertex A, and further obtain the height value of the tree body to be detected; the height value of the tree to be measured comprises the overall height of the tree, the trunk length and the crown length;
the overall height of the tree is as follows,
H＝AD＝OA-OD
h is the whole height of the tree to be measured;
the length of the trunk is equal to that of the tree,
H 1 ＝DP＝OP-OD
H 1 is the trunk length;
the length of the crown is equal to that of the tree crown,
H 2 ＝AP＝OA-OP
H 2 is the crown length.
2. The method for measuring the trunk length and crown length of the tree with high precision under any terrain condition according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, a distance a between an observation point B and a reference point C is measured, specifically, a marker post L1 and a marker post L2 are respectively vertically set up at the observation point B and the reference point C, a measurement point is respectively selected on a post body of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2, and a distance between two post distance measurement points of the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 is measured, so that a distance a between the observation point B and the reference point C is obtained;
the method for selecting the measuring points comprises the steps of vertically arranging a marker rod L1 and a marker rod L2 on the ground of an observation position, taking the ground where the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2 are located as a starting point, and respectively selecting one point at the same height on the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2 as the measuring point.
3. The method for measuring the trunk length and crown length of the tree with high precision under any terrain condition according to claim 2, wherein the degree β of the inclination angle CBE of the S3 measurement reference point C on the horizontal line relative to the observation point B is specifically that the measurement points on the marker post L1 and the marker post L2 are the observation points;
and forming an included angle as an inclination angle CBE by using a connecting line of the two measuring points and a horizontal line of the measuring point of the marker rod L1 facing the marker rod L2, so as to obtain the degree beta of the inclination angle CBE of the reference point C relative to the observation point B on the horizontal line.
4. The method for measuring the trunk length and crown length of the tree with high precision under any terrain condition according to claim 3, wherein in the step S3, the distance between the observation point B and the reference projection point E is obtained, specifically, according to the acquired inclination angle CBE, the following formula is adopted,
BE＝BC×cos(∠CBE)
wherein BE is the distance between the observation point B and the reference projection point E, and BC is the distance between the observation point B and the reference point C.
5. The method for measuring the trunk length and crown length of a tree with high precision under any terrain condition according to claim 4, wherein in the step S4, the degree of the angle BOE is determined, specifically, the axes of the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2 and the vertical line penetrating through the tree base point D are taken as measurement references, so that the degree of the angle OBE formed by the tree projection point O, the observation point B and the reference projection point E on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is positioned is obtained by measurement, the degree of the angle OEB is obtained by measuring the degree of the angle OEB,
∠BOE＝180°-∠OBE-∠OEB
the angle BOE is an included angle formed by the observation point B, the tree projection point O and the reference projection point E on the horizontal plane where the observation point B is located.
6. The method for measuring the length of a tree trunk and a crown with high precision under any terrain condition according to claim 5, wherein in S4, a distance between a tree projection point O and an observation point B is determined, specifically,
OB is the distance between the tree projection point O and the observation point B.
7. The method for measuring the length of a tree trunk and a crown under any terrain condition with high precision according to claim 6, wherein the distance from the tree projection point O to the tree base point D is obtained in the step S5, specifically, according to the following formula,
OD＝OB×tg(∠OBD)
OD is the distance between the tree projection point O and the tree base point D;
in S6, the distance between the tree projection point O and the first branch point P is calculated by using a formula,
OP＝OB×tg(∠OBP)
OP is the distance from the tree projection point O to the first branch point P;
in S7, the calculation method of the distance between the tree projection point O and the vertex a is that, using a formula,
OA＝OB×tg(∠OBA)
OA is the distance of the tree projection point to the vertex a.
8. The method for measuring the trunk length and crown length of the tree with high precision under any terrain condition according to claim 7, further comprising the steps of S8, judging whether the tree to be measured grows vertically or not;
if the tree to be detected grows vertically, the whole height H of the tree to be detected is the height of a real tree;
if the tree to be detected grows obliquely, carrying out numerical correction through the inclination angle of the tree to be detected relative to the vertical direction, so as to obtain the real tree height;
judging whether the tree to be detected grows vertically, specifically, setting plumbs at measuring points on the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2, respectively overlapping the rod bodies of the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2 with the central line of the tree to be detected, measuring the included angles between the two plumb lines and the marker rod L1 and the marker rod L2, taking the maximum value of the two included angles to be recorded as beta 0 ，β 0 Is the degree of the inclination angle of the tree body;
if beta is 0 If the total height of the tree to be detected is true tree height, the tree body grows vertically;
if beta is 0 Not equal to 0, the tree body grows obliquely;
when the tree to be measured is determined to grow obliquely in S8, the correction method for the true tree high value is,
the distance between the observation point B and the tree base point D is obtained, using the following equation,
BD is the distance between the observation point B and the tree base point D;
in the case of the Δabd,
∠ABD＝∠OBA-∠OBD
∠DBP＝∠OBP-∠OPD
∠BAD＝90°-∠OBA+β 0
wherein H is ′ The height of the tree body is the height of the tree body when the tree is inclined; the angle OPD is an included angle formed by the tree projection point O, the first branch point P and the tree base point D; the angle DBP is an included angle formed by the tree base point D, the observation point B and the first branch point P;
H ′ 1 is the trunk length when the tree is inclined;
H ′ 2 ＝AP＝AD-PD
H ′ 2 is the crown length when the tree is inclined.
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