CN112033357A - Leveling-free polygon prism measuring device and method for triangulation elevation measurement - Google Patents

Leveling-free polygon prism measuring device and method for triangulation elevation measurement Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN112033357A
CN112033357A CN202010934553.XA CN202010934553A CN112033357A CN 112033357 A CN112033357 A CN 112033357A CN 202010934553 A CN202010934553 A CN 202010934553A CN 112033357 A CN112033357 A CN 112033357A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
prism
rod
control point
point metal
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN202010934553.XA
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN112033357B (en
Inventor
胡川
李成洪
范小猛
张重阳
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chongqing Jiaotong University
Original Assignee
Chongqing Jiaotong University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chongqing Jiaotong University filed Critical Chongqing Jiaotong University
Priority to CN202010934553.XA priority Critical patent/CN112033357B/en
Publication of CN112033357A publication Critical patent/CN112033357A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN112033357B publication Critical patent/CN112033357B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a leveling-free multi-prism measuring device and a measuring method for triangular elevation measurement, wherein the measuring device comprises a prism rod, at least 2 prisms fixed on the prism rod, a bracket connected with one end of the prism rod, a connecting assembly connected with the other end of the prism rod and a control point metal mark; when the device is used, one end of the prism rod is inserted into the ground through the support, and the other end of the prism rod is aligned to the control point metal mark through the connecting component so as to realize the inclination fixation of the prism rod. According to the method, the mathematical relationship between the point to be measured and the measuring prism point is obtained through the space geometric relationship between different prism points and the measuring station; in the measuring process, the prism does not need to be leveled, and the prism height does not need to be measured, so that the prism height measuring error does not exist; the lower end of the device is quickly and tightly attached and connected with the control point metal mark through magnetism, so that prism centering errors do not exist, and the erected prism has higher efficiency and higher precision compared with the traditional measuring method.

Description

Leveling-free polygon prism measuring device and method for triangulation elevation measurement
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering measuring devices, in particular to a leveling-free polygon prism measuring device and a leveling-free polygon prism measuring method for triangulation elevation measurement.
Background
With the rapid development of the total station, the total station can not only realize high-precision wire measurement, but also meet the requirements of four levels in the aspect of triangulation elevation measurement. In the conventional measurement, when the precision of the total station is high enough, the proportion of the prism high-quantity acquisition error and the centering error is increased. The traditional centering rod vertical prism is used, the height of the prism rod can be accurately measured, centering and leveling are needed, the stability is poor, the interference of the external environment is large, and the deviation of the upper end of the prism rod from a control point is easily caused.
Journal literature, "analysis and research on the height measurement precision of distance measuring triangles by an intermediate method", Lemundi, Liudanfeng and the like, volume 14, No. 3 in 2016, page 146, 147. the description shows that the alignment precision of the tripod erecting prism is obviously higher than that of a centering rod through actual detection verification, but the tripod erecting prism still needs to be centered and leveled, the centering and leveling speed is very low, and the height measurement error of the prism is far larger than that of the traditional prism rod. Although the forced centering base can eliminate the prism centering error, the cost of using the device is too high, certain time cost is needed, and the forced centering base is generally only used for high-precision measurement.
Journal literature 'research on replacing precision leveling measurement by electromagnetic wave distance measurement triangle elevation with an intermediate method', in dawn, yanfan and the like, vol 37, No. 2 in 2012, page 182-. Journal literature 'research on high-precision EDM triangulation height measurement', which is approved by China, No. 10 in 2002 and pages 22-24, records a precision height measurement method, but the method is relatively complex and tedious to operate, consumes long time and cannot be widely applied to actual engineering. This approach does not completely eliminate all of the above problems.
Therefore, the centering and leveling speed is high in design (even the centering and leveling are not needed), the prism centering error does not exist, the prism height does not need to be measured, the purpose of eliminating the prism high-volume taking error and the prism centering error is achieved, and the method has important significance for improving the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the present application provides the following technical solutions.
A leveling-free multi-prism measuring device for triangular elevation measurement comprises a prism rod, at least 2 prisms fixed on the prism rod, a support connected with one end of the prism rod, a connecting assembly connected with the other end of the prism rod, and a control point metal mark;
when the device is used, one end of the prism rod is inserted into the ground through the support, and the other end of the prism rod is aligned to the control point metal mark through the connecting component so as to realize the inclination fixation of the prism rod.
Preferably, the connecting assembly comprises a bearing seat, a connecting shaft and a positioning block, and the positioning block is used for fixing the control point metal mark;
the two ends of the connecting shaft are fixed on the two sides of the positioning block through side plates respectively, the bearing seats are rotatably connected with the connecting shaft and fixedly connected with the prism rod, so that the prism rod can rotate relative to the positioning block.
Preferably, the bearing pedestal comprises a bearing and a connecting plate, the bearing is fixedly connected with the connecting plate, the connecting plate is fixedly connected with the prism rod, and the connecting shaft penetrates through the bearing.
Preferably, a groove is formed in the positioning block, and a protrusion corresponding to the groove is formed in the top of the control point metal mark, so that the positioning block is fixedly connected with the control point metal mark.
Preferably, the positioning block has magnetism and can magnetically adsorb the control point metal mark, so that the positioning block is tightly and fixedly connected with the control point metal mark.
Preferably, the prism is detachably fixed on the prism rod and is fixed on the same side of the prism rod;
each prism is correspondingly provided with a target, the targets are positioned around the prism, and the centers of the targets are coincided.
Preferably, the target is a circular structure, and the target is provided with radial target stripes which penetrate through the center of the prism and are symmetrically distributed, so that the prism is conveniently aimed, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
Preferably, the prism is a 360-degree prism, the prism sleeve is fixed on the prism rod, and the feature surface orientation of each prism is the same.
Preferably, the support can rotate relative to the prism pole, and is fixed with the prism pole through the handle spiral, the leg joint has collapsible metal pole, conveniently adjusts the height.
The measuring method of the leveling-free multi-prism measuring device for triangulation elevation measurement comprises the following steps:
101. embedding points, namely nailing the selected points into the control point metal marks to ensure that the control point metal marks are vertically nailed into the ground;
102. erecting an instrument, namely erecting the measuring device on a front viewpoint and/or a rear viewpoint of the total station respectively, automatically adsorbing one end of a prism rod on a control point metal mark through a connecting assembly, adjusting a support to a proper angle through a handle screw at the other end of the prism rod, and then fixedly connecting the prism rod with the support; the inclination of the prism rod is adjusted by adjusting the height of the metal rod; during erection, ensuring that the prism surface is opposite to the total station;
103. observing, after the total station centering and leveling, making the total station aiming prism center or target center measure, the measurement process needs to measure while recording data, and the data that need use the total station to measure include: vertical angle alpha of total station and different prisms1、α2……αnTotal station and different prism slope distances S1、S2……Sn；
104. Checking data, checking whether the calculated result deviation between different prism combinations meets the requirements after measurement, if not, carrying out retesting, if so, moving to the next testing station, and repeating the steps 102, 103 and 104;
105. and (6) carrying out overall data adjustment processing.
The beneficial technical effects obtained by the invention are as follows:
1) the invention solves the problems of high prism measuring error, prism centering error and prism leveling requirement in the prior art, eliminates the high prism measuring error and prism centering error, reduces the prism centering leveling time and improves the measurement precision and the measurement efficiency under the condition of not increasing extra expenses;
2) the invention does not need leveling, has high centering speed and greatly improves the working efficiency; the prism height does not need to be measured, so that the prism height measuring error does not exist, and the measuring precision is improved;
3) the lower end of the prism rod is quickly and tightly attached and connected with the control point metal mark through the magnetic positioning block, and prism centering errors do not exist, so that the erected prism has higher efficiency and higher precision compared with the traditional measurement method;
4) the measuring method of the invention mainly measures the distances and angles of a plurality of prisms through the total station, obtains the mathematical relation between the ground point to be measured and the measuring prism point through the space geometric relation, and greatly improves the measuring precision.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, so that the technical means of the present application can be more clearly understood and the present application can be implemented according to the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the following detailed description is made with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present application will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a polygon measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection assembly and control point metal markers in one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the connection relationship between the positioning block and the connecting shaft according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the connection between the positioning block and the connecting shaft according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a bearing seat according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a bearing seat according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the bracket and the handle helix according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a handle spiral according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a side view of a prism bar, target, prism in relation to position in one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a side view of a target in a prism in relation to its position in one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a polygon measuring apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 12 is a side view of a 360 degree prism in another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 13 is a front view of a 360 degree prism in another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 14 is a simplified schematic view of a measurement of the multi-prism measuring device of the present disclosure;
fig. 15 is a simplified schematic view of another measurement of the multi-prism measuring device of the present disclosure.
In the above drawings: 100. a prism rod; 200. a prism; 300. a support; 310. a metal rod; 311. a telescopic key; 320. a handle screw; 400. a connecting assembly; 410. a bearing seat; 411. a bearing; 412. a connecting plate; 420. a connecting shaft; 430. positioning blocks; 431. a groove; 440. a side plate; 500. a control point metal flag; 510. a protrusion; 600. a target; 610. a target stripe; 700. fixing the bolt; 800. a total station.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments.
Further, the present application may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.
It is further noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a leveling-free multi-prism measurement apparatus for triangulation elevation measurement includes a prism rod 100, at least 2 prisms 200 fixed on the prism rod 100, a bracket 300 connected to one end of the prism rod 100, a connection assembly 400 connected to the other end of the prism rod 100, and a control point metal mark 500.
When the prism rod 100 is used, one end of the prism rod 100 is inserted into the ground through the support 300, and the other end of the prism rod is aligned to the control point metal mark 500 through the connecting assembly 400, so that the prism rod 100 is fixed in an inclined manner, and the stability of the prism rod 100 is good.
Further, the prism rod 100 is of an integrated structure and can not be contracted, stretched and disassembled, so that errors generated in the measuring process are avoided, and the measuring precision is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the connection assembly 400 includes a bearing seat 410, a connection shaft 420, and a positioning block 430, where the positioning block 430 is used to fix the control point metal mark 500.
A groove 431 is formed in the positioning block 430, and a protrusion 510 corresponding to the groove 431 is formed at the top of the control point metal mark 500, so that the positioning block 430 is fixedly connected with the control point metal mark 500.
Further, the groove 431 and the protrusion 510 are both hemispherical, so that the positioning block 430 is in a plumb state after being tightly connected with the control point metal mark 500, which is beneficial to improving the measurement precision.
Further, the positioning block 430 has magnetism, and can magnetically attract the control point metal mark 500, so that the positioning block 430 is tightly and fixedly connected with the control point metal mark 500.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, two ends of the connecting shaft 420 are respectively fixed at two sides of the positioning block 430 through side plates 440, the bearing seat 410 is rotatably connected with the connecting shaft 420, and the bearing seat 410 is fixedly connected with the prism rod 100, so that the prism rod 100 can rotate relative to the positioning block 430.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the bearing seat 410 includes a bearing 411 and a connecting plate 412, the bearing 411 is fixedly connected with the connecting plate 412, the connecting plate 412 is fixedly connected with the prism rod 100 by a fixing screw, and the connecting shaft 420 passes through the bearing 411.
In one embodiment, the positioning block 430 is a magnetic cylinder, the magnetic cylinder includes 2U-shaped steel hoops and 1 groove cylinder, the 2U-shaped steel hoops are respectively fixed on two sides of the groove cylinder, and a connecting shaft 420 is disposed between the 2U-shaped steel hoops, and the connecting shaft 420 passes through the bearing 411 of the bearing seat 410.
The lower end of the groove cylinder is provided with a hemispherical groove, the upper end of the control point metal mark 500 is hemispherical and convex, the groove cylinder has magnetism and can be quickly and tightly attached and connected with the control point metal mark 500, so that the prism centering error does not exist, the aim of quick centering can be fulfilled, and compared with the traditional measuring method, the efficiency and the precision of prism erection are greatly improved.
Further, referring to fig. 2, the lower end of the control point metal mark 500 is a pointed structure, which facilitates the nailing into the ground of the selected control point during the measurement.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the bracket 300 is disposed at the top end of the prism rod 100 and can rotate relative to the prism rod 100, and is fixed to the prism rod 100 by a handle screw 320.
The stand 300 provides support and, since the device does not require levelling, the entire device can be erected quickly and held stable after centring.
Further, the bracket 300 is connected with a retractable metal rod 310, so that the height can be conveniently adjusted; the quantity of metal pole 310 is 2 or more than 2, all is equipped with interior telescopic link in every metal pole 310, interior telescopic link is connected with support 300, realizes the adjustment of support 300 height through the flexible of interior telescopic link to adapt to different external measuring environment.
Further, a telescopic key 311 is arranged on the metal rod 310, and the telescopic key 311 is controlled to realize the telescopic movement of the inner telescopic rod relative to the metal rod 310, so as to adjust the height of the bracket 300.
Further, the telescopic key 311 is an electric telescopic control key or a manual rotation control key.
The handle screw 320 is provided with a fixing bolt 700, the top end of the prism rod 100 is provided with a threaded hole corresponding to the fixing bolt 700, the top end of the bracket 300 is provided with a through hole, and the handle screw 320 passes through the through hole of the bracket 300 during fixing and is fixedly connected with the threaded hole at the top end of the prism rod 100, so that the bracket 300 is fixedly connected with the prism rod 100.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the prisms 200 are detachably fixed on the prism rod 100, and all the prisms 200 are located on the same side of the prism rod 100; each prism 200 is correspondingly provided with a target 600, the targets 600 are located at the periphery of the prism 200, and the centers of the two targets are coincident.
When the device is not needed, the prism 200 and the target 600 can be detached, so that the prism 200 and the target 600 are protected, and the damage and the influence on the measurement accuracy are avoided.
Further, the target 600 is a circular structure, and the radial target stripes 610 symmetrically arranged and penetrating through the center of the prism 200 are arranged on the target 600 and used for assisting in improving the center of the total station aiming prism 200, facilitating the aiming of the prism 200 and improving the measurement accuracy.
Further, the prism 200 is connected with a fixing bolt 700, and the prism rod 100 is provided with a threaded hole corresponding to the fixing bolt 700, so that when the prism is installed, the fixing bolt 700 passes through the target 600 and is fixedly connected with the threaded hole.
Referring to fig. 1, the number of the prisms 200 is 4, and when the number of the prisms 200 is less than 2, there is no solution; when the number of prisms 200 is equal to 2, there is a unique solution; when the number of prisms 200 is greater than 2, there are multiple solutions; the purpose of providing 2 or more than 2 prisms 200 is to prevent the partial prisms 200 from being invisible due to the blocked line of sight, thus providing various options.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the prisms 200 are 360-degree prisms, the prisms 200 are fixed on the prism bar 100, and the feature surface orientation of each prism 200 is the same. As shown in fig. 12 and 13, each surface of the prism 200 has different characteristics, and when the prism is installed, the same characteristic surface is fixed on the prism rod 100 in the same orientation, and the 360-degree prism 200 has an omnidirectional observation surface relative to a common prism, and can simultaneously perform measurement at a plurality of stations.
Further, in order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the 360-degree prism and the prism rod 100 are integrated and are not detachable.
Example 2
Based on the above embodiment 1, a measurement method of a leveling-free polygon mirror measurement device for triangulation elevation measurement includes the following steps:
101. and (3) embedding points, namely, respectively nailing the selected 2 points into the control point metal marks 500, and ensuring that the control point metal marks 500 are vertically nailed into the ground. Whether a large amount of shielding objects exist or not is considered at the position of the embedded point, so that the prism is prevented from being shielded, the connecting assembly 400 is in a vertical state after being connected with the control point metal mark 500, and the measurement precision is improved.
102. Erecting the instrument, as shown in fig. 14, the measuring device is erected at the front viewpoint and the rear viewpoint of the total station 800, one end of the prism rod 100 is automatically adsorbed on the control point metal mark 500 through the connecting assembly 400, the other end adjusts the bracket 300 to a proper angle through the handle screw 320, and then the prism rod 100 is fixedly connected with the bracket 300; the height of the metal rod 310 is adjusted through the telescopic key 311, and then the inclination of the prism rod 100 is adjusted, so that at least two prisms can be observed; during erection, the prism 200 surface is guaranteed to face the total station 800.
103. Observing, namely after the total station 800 is centered and leveled, aiming the total station 800 at the center of the prism 200 or the center of the target 600 for measurement, aiming at the left side first and then observing the prism group for measurement (at least observing two prisms); then, aiming at the forward looking prism group for measurement; next, aiming the forward looking prism group to measure at the right side of the disk; finally, aiming at the rear view prism group at the right side for measurement; the measurement process needs to measure and record data at the same time, and the data needing to be measured by using the total station comprises the following steps: vertical angle alpha of total station and different prisms1、α2……αnTotal station and different prism slope distances S1、S2……Sn；
104. Checking data, checking whether the calculated result deviation between different prism combinations meets the requirements after measurement, if not, carrying out retesting, if so, moving to the next testing station, and repeating the steps 102, 103 and 104;
105. and (6) carrying out overall data adjustment processing.
Example 3
Based on the above embodiment 1, a measurement method of a leveling-free polygon mirror measurement device for triangulation elevation measurement includes the following steps:
101. and (5) embedding points, namely nailing the selected points into the control point metal marks 500, and ensuring that the control point metal marks 500 are vertically nailed into the ground. Whether a large amount of shielding objects exist or not is considered at the position of the embedded point, so that the prism is prevented from being shielded, the connecting assembly 400 is in a vertical state after being connected with the control point metal mark 500, and the measurement precision is improved.
102. Erecting the total station 800 to a control point, erecting the measuring device at a front view point or a rear view point of the total station 800, as shown in fig. 15, automatically adsorbing one end of the prism rod 100 on the control point metal sign 500 through the connecting assembly 400, adjusting the bracket 300 to a proper angle through the handle screw 320 at the other end, and then fixedly connecting the prism rod 100 and the bracket 300; the height of the metal rod 310 is adjusted through the telescopic key 311, and then the inclination of the prism rod 100 is adjusted, so that at least two prisms can be observed; during erection, the prism 200 surface is guaranteed to face the total station 800.
103. Observing, after the total station 800 is centered and leveled, aiming the total station 800 at the center of the prism 200 or the center of the target 600 for measurement, and recording data while measuring in the measuring process, wherein the data measured by the total station comprises: vertical angle alpha of total station and different prisms1、α2……αn Total station 800 and different prism slope distances S1、S2……Sn；
104. Checking data, checking whether the calculated result deviation between different prism combinations meets the requirements after measurement, if not, carrying out retesting, if so, moving to the next testing station, and repeating the steps 102, 103 and 104;
105. and (6) carrying out overall data adjustment processing.
In the measuring process, the upper end of the control point metal mark 500 is ensured to be horizontal, so that the positioning block 430 is in a plumb state after being tightly connected with the positioning block, and the measuring precision is improved.
When erecting the polygon prism measuring device, the prism 200 should be aligned to the total station 800 as much as possible, which is beneficial to improving the measurement accuracy. When the total station 800 is used to measure, the target stripes 610 should be aimed as far as possible when the distance is too far to see the center of the prism 200, which is convenient for improving the measurement accuracy.
For ease of calculation, the effects of atmospheric refraction and earth curvature on elevation measurements are not considered. Taking the first prism and the second prism as an example, according to the similar trigonometric theorem, it can be obtained from fig. 15:
Figure BDA0002671475950000081
in the formula: l represents the distance from the center of the first prism to the center of the bearing shaft at the bottom end of the prism, and the parameter is known; l1Representing the separation between the first prism and the second prism, which parameter is known;
Figure BDA0002671475950000084
the height difference from the point O to the point A, namely the height difference from the observation station to the control point, is calculated by the first prism and the second prism; a represents the vertical distance between the center of the bearing and the uppermost end of the groove, and the parameter is known; i denotes the instrument height of total station 800.
The above formula (1) can be simplified as follows:
Figure BDA0002671475950000082
since Ssin α ═ h, formula (2) above can be simplified to:
Figure BDA0002671475950000083
as can be seen from the analysis of the above formula (3), the measuring apparatus has the following advantages over the conventional method: the height of the prism does not need to be measured, so that the influence of the high quantity of the prism on the height difference is reduced; the magnetic connecting device is closely connected with the control point metal, so that the influence of centering errors on the elevation is eliminated; the device has a solution with at least two prisms.
Calculating a general solution:
because the device has a plurality of prisms, different combinations can be formed among different prisms, so that different solutions exist, and a general calculation algorithm among the prisms with different combinations is provided for facilitating data processing of measuring personnel.
For ease of calculation, different prism spacings are designed to be the same length, i.e.: l1＝l2＝…＝ln-1＝lnThe same general formula of the one-way height difference calculation can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002671475950000091
assuming that each prism is observed, its one-way average height difference is:
Figure BDA0002671475950000092
wherein n represents the number of prisms; i, j denote the observed prism combinations. The one-way average height difference is calculated by a specific combination mode, and only one algorithm is provided.
And (3) error propagation analysis:
the above equation is fully differentiated to obtain:
Figure BDA0002671475950000093
according to the law of error propagation, the following can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002671475950000094
due to S1≈S2And according to the nominal precision of the total station, the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002671475950000095
formula (8) is substituted for formula (7), and can be simplified to obtain:
Figure BDA0002671475950000096
the error calculation general formula in any two prism opposite direction observation can be obtained in the same way as follows:
Figure BDA0002671475950000097
the error calculation general formula in the n prism opposite direction observation is as follows:
Figure BDA0002671475950000101
assuming that the number of prisms is 4, the formula can be obtained from the above formula (10):
Figure BDA0002671475950000102
because in the above formula (12)
Figure BDA0002671475950000103
The terms are approximately equal in value, so their magnitudes are given by
Figure BDA0002671475950000104
The specific sizes are:
Figure BDA0002671475950000105
Figure BDA0002671475950000106
it can be concluded that: the farther the two prisms are spaced, the higher the precision is; when the two prisms are spaced at a certain interval, the closer the prisms are to the control point, the higher the accuracy of the prisms.
Considering the above-mentioned conclusions, when the total number of observations is constant, the accuracy of observing the two prisms that are farthest apart and closest to the control point is much higher than that of observing all prisms (the limited number of prisms). The number of prisms is not important and the number of prisms only needs to be considered whether they can be observed during the measurement. If the best observation prism is blocked, the other prisms can be selected for observation, and the number of prisms at this time is only used for compensation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Variations, modifications, substitutions, integrations and parameter changes of the embodiments may be made without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention, which may be within the spirit and principle of the invention, by conventional substitution or may realize the same function.

Claims (10)

1. A leveling-free multi-prism measuring device for triangular elevation measurement is characterized by comprising a prism rod (100), at least 2 prisms (200) fixed on the prism rod (100), a bracket (300) connected with one end of the prism rod (100), a connecting assembly (400) connected with the other end of the prism rod (100), and a control point metal mark (500);
when the prism rod (100) is used, one end of the prism rod (100) is inserted into the ground through the support (300), and the other end of the prism rod is aligned to the control point metal mark (500) through the connecting component (400) so as to realize the inclination fixation of the prism rod (100).
2. The flattening-free polygon prism measurement apparatus for triangulation elevation measurement according to claim 1, wherein the connection assembly (400) comprises a bearing seat (410), a connection shaft (420), a positioning block (430), the positioning block (430) is used for fixing the control point metal mark (500);
the two ends of the connecting shaft (420) are respectively fixed on the two sides of the positioning block (430) through side plates (440), the bearing seat (410) is rotatably connected with the connecting shaft (420), and the bearing seat (410) is fixedly connected with the prism rod (100) so as to realize that the prism rod (100) can rotate relative to the positioning block (430).
3. The flattening-free polygon prism measurement apparatus for triangulation elevation measurement according to claim 2, wherein the bearing seat (410) comprises a bearing (411) and a connection plate (412), the bearing (411) is fixedly connected with the connection plate (412), the connection plate (412) is fixedly connected with the prism rod (100), and the connection shaft (420) passes through the bearing (411).
4. The flattening-free polygon prism measurement apparatus for triangulation according to claim 2, wherein a groove (431) is provided on the positioning block (430), and a protrusion (510) corresponding to the groove (431) is provided on the top of the control point metal mark (500) so that the positioning block (430) is fixedly connected with the control point metal mark (500).
5. The flattening-free polygon mirror measuring device for triangulation according to claim 3, wherein the positioning block (430) has magnetism, and can magnetically attract the control point metal mark (500), so that the positioning block (430) and the control point metal mark (500) are tightly and fixedly connected.
6. Leveling-free polygon measuring apparatus for triangulation according to claim 1 wherein the prism (200) is removably fixed to the prism bar (100) on the same side of the prism bar (100);
each prism (200) is correspondingly provided with a target (600), the targets (600) are positioned at the periphery of the prism (200), and the centers of the two targets are coincident.
7. The flattening-free polygon measuring apparatus for triangulation according to claim 6, wherein the target (600) is a circular structure, and radial target stripes (610) symmetrically arranged through the center of the prism (200) are arranged on the target (600), thereby facilitating aiming at the prism (200) and improving the measurement accuracy.
8. The flattening-free multi-prism measurement apparatus for triangulation of claim 1, wherein the prism (200) is a 360 degree prism, the prism (200) is telescopically fixed to the prism shaft (100), and the feature faces of each prism (200) are in the same orientation.
9. The non-leveling polygon measuring apparatus for triangulation of height measurement according to claim 1 wherein the support (300) is rotatable relative to the prism shaft (100) and is fixed to the prism shaft (100) by a handle screw (320), and the support (300) is connected to a retractable metal rod (310) to facilitate height adjustment.
10. A method of measuring a polygon mirror measuring apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
101. embedding points, namely nailing the selected points into the control point metal marks (500) to ensure that the control point metal marks (500) are vertically nailed into the ground;
102. erecting the instrument, namely erecting the measuring device at a front view point and/or a rear view point of the total station (800), automatically adsorbing one end of a prism rod (100) on a control point metal mark (500) through a connecting assembly (400), adjusting a bracket (300) to a proper angle through a handle screw (320) at the other end, and then fixedly connecting the prism rod (100) with the bracket (300); adjusting the inclination of the prism rod (100) by adjusting the height of the metal rod (310); during erection, the surface of the prism (200) is ensured to be opposite to the total station (800);
103. observing, after the total station (800) is centered and leveled, aiming the total station (800) at the center of the prism (200) or the center of the target (600) for measurement, and recording data while measuring in the measuring process, wherein the data measured by the total station comprises the following data: vertical angle alpha of total station and different prisms1、α2……αnTotal station and different prism slope distances S1、S2……Sn；
104. Checking data, checking whether the calculated result deviation between different prism combinations meets the requirements after measurement, if not, carrying out retesting, if so, moving to the next testing station, and repeating the steps 102, 103 and 104;
105. and (6) carrying out overall data adjustment processing.
CN202010934553.XA 2020-09-08 2020-09-08 Leveling-free polygon prism measuring device and method for triangulation elevation measurement Active CN112033357B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010934553.XA CN112033357B (en) 2020-09-08 2020-09-08 Leveling-free polygon prism measuring device and method for triangulation elevation measurement

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010934553.XA CN112033357B (en) 2020-09-08 2020-09-08 Leveling-free polygon prism measuring device and method for triangulation elevation measurement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN112033357A true CN112033357A (en) 2020-12-04
CN112033357B CN112033357B (en) 2022-09-23

Family

ID=73585531

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010934553.XA Active CN112033357B (en) 2020-09-08 2020-09-08 Leveling-free polygon prism measuring device and method for triangulation elevation measurement

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN112033357B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112629490A (en) * 2021-01-06 2021-04-09 中铁大桥局集团第一工程有限公司 Differential correction triangular height measurement assembly and measurement method
CN113654515A (en) * 2021-08-16 2021-11-16 自然资源部第一大地测量队(自然资源部精密工程测量院、陕西省第一测绘工程院) Peak top measuring target

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10253357A (en) * 1997-03-10 1998-09-25 Sokkia Co Ltd Method and apparatus for measuring machine height of range finding gonioscope
US5949548A (en) * 1997-01-22 1999-09-07 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Height sensing measurement device
CN102269585A (en) * 2011-04-29 2011-12-07 西南交通大学 Method for precisely measuring survey beacon height
JP3173419U (en) * 2011-06-21 2012-02-09 光男 植村 Surveying equipment
CN102985787A (en) * 2010-07-07 2013-03-20 莱卡地球系统公开股份有限公司 Geodatic surveying device having automatic high-precision target point sighting functionality
CN203364813U (en) * 2013-07-23 2013-12-25 中国矿业大学 Telescopic biprism for improving monitoring accuracy of mining area surface subsidence
WO2014063325A1 (en) * 2012-10-25 2014-05-01 付建国 Dual ruler-instrument integrated composite level instrument for observation
CN106767731A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-31 中国电建集团铁路建设有限公司 A kind of connection triangle measurement apparatus and measuring method
JP2018048922A (en) * 2016-09-22 2018-03-29 株式会社トプコン Surveying device and surveying method
CN207280459U (en) * 2017-09-15 2018-04-27 上海建工集团股份有限公司 Prism foot stool self-level(l)ing device
CN209432128U (en) * 2019-01-28 2019-09-24 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 Swivel bridges flexural pivot positioning device
CN209524907U (en) * 2019-04-17 2019-10-22 广安职业技术学院 A kind of trigonometric levelling sighting means
CN110595448A (en) * 2019-09-19 2019-12-20 四川建筑职业技术学院 Automatic surveying and mapping robot device and surveying and mapping method thereof
CN210242767U (en) * 2019-07-29 2020-04-03 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 High-low biprism device
CN211060925U (en) * 2020-01-22 2020-07-21 宋黎民 Three-dimensional coordinate measuring tool for invisible hidden points in surveying and mapping engineering

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5949548A (en) * 1997-01-22 1999-09-07 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Height sensing measurement device
JPH10253357A (en) * 1997-03-10 1998-09-25 Sokkia Co Ltd Method and apparatus for measuring machine height of range finding gonioscope
CN102985787A (en) * 2010-07-07 2013-03-20 莱卡地球系统公开股份有限公司 Geodatic surveying device having automatic high-precision target point sighting functionality
CN102269585A (en) * 2011-04-29 2011-12-07 西南交通大学 Method for precisely measuring survey beacon height
JP3173419U (en) * 2011-06-21 2012-02-09 光男 植村 Surveying equipment
WO2014063325A1 (en) * 2012-10-25 2014-05-01 付建国 Dual ruler-instrument integrated composite level instrument for observation
CN203364813U (en) * 2013-07-23 2013-12-25 中国矿业大学 Telescopic biprism for improving monitoring accuracy of mining area surface subsidence
JP2018048922A (en) * 2016-09-22 2018-03-29 株式会社トプコン Surveying device and surveying method
CN106767731A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-31 中国电建集团铁路建设有限公司 A kind of connection triangle measurement apparatus and measuring method
CN207280459U (en) * 2017-09-15 2018-04-27 上海建工集团股份有限公司 Prism foot stool self-level(l)ing device
CN209432128U (en) * 2019-01-28 2019-09-24 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 Swivel bridges flexural pivot positioning device
CN209524907U (en) * 2019-04-17 2019-10-22 广安职业技术学院 A kind of trigonometric levelling sighting means
CN210242767U (en) * 2019-07-29 2020-04-03 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 High-low biprism device
CN110595448A (en) * 2019-09-19 2019-12-20 四川建筑职业技术学院 Automatic surveying and mapping robot device and surveying and mapping method thereof
CN211060925U (en) * 2020-01-22 2020-07-21 宋黎民 Three-dimensional coordinate measuring tool for invisible hidden points in surveying and mapping engineering

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
何甫芬: "快速全站仪三角高程测量方法及应用", 《企业科技与发展》 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112629490A (en) * 2021-01-06 2021-04-09 中铁大桥局集团第一工程有限公司 Differential correction triangular height measurement assembly and measurement method
CN113654515A (en) * 2021-08-16 2021-11-16 自然资源部第一大地测量队(自然资源部精密工程测量院、陕西省第一测绘工程院) Peak top measuring target

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN112033357B (en) 2022-09-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN112033357B (en) Leveling-free polygon prism measuring device and method for triangulation elevation measurement
US7987605B2 (en) Reflector target tripod for survey system with light emitter and pivoting bracket for enhanced ground marking accuracy
CN111174771A (en) Method for measuring verticality of stand column
KR101033230B1 (en) Horizontal and vertical device for level measurement
CN205333053U (en) Automatic right formula surveyor's level measurment scale
US3736058A (en) Rotating reflector level rod
CN211550976U (en) Mounting tool of metering device
JP6431995B2 (en) Improved portable prism receiver, improved portable GPS receiver, and surveying method using the same
CN106705932B (en) Outdoor comprehensive mapping device for military topography
KR101984507B1 (en) the improved portable prism receiver and the measurement method using the same
CN216593037U (en) Building slope is surveyed and drawing chi for measurement
CN113587896B (en) High-precision measurement method for tree trunk length and crown length under arbitrary terrain condition
CN108680150A (en) A kind of hand-held construction account equipment fixation holder
CN113503866A (en) Geographic information engineering mapping device
CN113804159A (en) Measuring device and method of intelligent leveling rod
CN208635827U (en) A kind of novel building engineering surveying instrument
US2896327A (en) Surveying apparatus
CN219414252U (en) Highway design survey and drawing support of convenient regulation of standing
CN215064481U (en) Building wall body settlement leveling ruler pad
CN221075969U (en) Portable building engineering level
CN214143083U (en) Groove rail measuring instrument
CN216081499U (en) Centering device is used in cadastral survey and drawing
KR101974946B1 (en) the improved portable prism receiver and the measurement method using the same
CN221099729U (en) Marine azimuth instrument optical axis consistency correction device
CN110726404B (en) Universal gyro sighting device fastening and balancing device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant