CN112629490A - Differential correction triangular height measurement assembly and measurement method - Google Patents

Differential correction triangular height measurement assembly and measurement method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112629490A
CN112629490A CN202110015591.XA CN202110015591A CN112629490A CN 112629490 A CN112629490 A CN 112629490A CN 202110015591 A CN202110015591 A CN 202110015591A CN 112629490 A CN112629490 A CN 112629490A
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prism
measuring
elevation
ruler
center
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CN112629490B (en
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陈炯玮
王金权
肖龙
李付伟
汪君
胡在华
杨新志
樊俊惠
陈建黎
陈浩
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1st Engineering Co Ltd of MBEC
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1st Engineering Co Ltd of MBEC
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of engineering construction and monitoring measurement, and discloses a differential correction triangular elevation measurement assembly and a measurement method. The invention has the following advantages and effects: 1. the traditional triangulation elevation method calculates the elevation or the elevation difference of an observation point by observing zenith distance and slant distance, and the method cannot eliminate the observation error of angles and distances.

Description

Differential correction triangular height measurement assembly and measurement method
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of engineering construction and monitoring measurement, in particular to a differential correction triangulation height measurement device and method.
Background
At present, some structures such as bridges and the like in large buildings and engineering have larger height, cannot be realized by adopting conventional leveling combined measurement, and generally adopt a total station instrument triangle elevation method to transmit elevation; due to objective environmental limitation in the monitoring process, for example, the underwater pier cannot be observed by adopting the leveling, a triangular elevation method is required. However, in the triangulation elevation method, the elevation or the height difference of an observation point is calculated by observing the zenith distance and the slant distance, and due to the influences of distance measurement and angle measurement errors, and the height measurement of a prism and the height measurement error of a total station instrument in unilateral triangulation elevation measurement, the accuracy of the elevation or the height difference observed by the triangulation elevation method is not high, and how to improve the accuracy of triangulation elevation observation is the measurement difficulty of elevation observation.
The conventional triangular elevation method is generally used for observing elevations by correcting temperature and air pressure, the elevations or height differences of a plurality of groups of points to be measured are observed by using a front mirror and a back mirror, and the average value of the elevations or height differences is calculated to be used as the most accurate elevation or height difference observation value.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the present application aims to provide a differential correction triangulation height measurement assembly and method, so as to provide an apparatus and method capable of measuring height with higher precision by using a triangulation height method.
In order to achieve the above purposes, on one hand, the technical scheme is as follows:
a differential correction triangulation elevation measurement assembly obtains the elevation of a measured point according to the measured point and a known elevation point, and comprises:
the prism group is fixedly arranged beside a measured point through an adjusting bracket and comprises an upper prism, a middle prism and a lower prism which are arranged at equal intervals along a plumb line from top to bottom;
the first measurement assembly is arranged between the measured point and the prism group;
the second measuring component is arranged beside the known elevation point;
the rearview prism is arranged on the second measuring component;
the total stations are provided with at least one number and are arranged near the known elevation point;
and the total station, the rearview prism and the prism group are not collinear.
Preferably, the first measuring assembly includes:
the first leveling indium tile ruler is vertically arranged on the adjusting bracket;
the first indium tile measuring ruler is vertically arranged on a measured point;
a first level disposed between the first level indium tile rule and the first measurement indium tile rule.
Preferably, the second measuring assembly includes:
the second leveling indium tile ruler is vertically arranged at the bottom of the rear view prism;
the prism bracket is arranged at the bottom of the second leveling indium tile ruler;
the second indium tile measuring ruler is vertically arranged on a known elevation point;
a second level disposed between the second level indium tile rule and the second measurement indium tile rule.
Preferably, the adjustment bracket includes:
the base is fixedly arranged beside the measured point;
the adjusting frame is connected with the base through an adjusting mechanism;
and the prism frame is vertically arranged on the side wall of the adjusting frame, and the prism group is arranged on the prism frame.
Preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes:
the round head rod is fixedly arranged on the base;
an adjusting circular groove which is arranged on the adjusting frame, and the round head rod and the adjusting circular groove are mutually abutted;
the adjusting bolt pairs are connected with the base and the adjusting frames, are at least three in number and are uniformly arranged beside the round-head rod in the circumferential direction;
and the level gauge is arranged on the upper surface of the adjusting frame.
Preferably, the base includes:
the prism rod sleeve is fixedly arranged on the surface of the measured object;
the prism bracket is partially inserted into the prism rod sleeve, and the adjusting frame is connected to the prism bracket through an adjusting mechanism;
the prism rod sleeve and the prism bracket are detachably connected through a connecting piece.
Preferably, the prism frame comprises:
the middle lens frame is vertically arranged on the side wall of the adjusting frame, and the middle prism is detachably connected in the middle lens frame;
the upper mirror rod is arranged at the top of the middle mirror frame, and the upper prism is detachably connected with the upper mirror rod;
the lower mirror rod is arranged at the bottom of the middle mirror frame, and the lower prism is detachably connected with the lower mirror rod;
the upper mirror rod and the lower mirror rod are coaxial and equal in length.
The application also provides a measurement method based on the differential correction triangulation elevation measurement assembly, which comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring the rearview prism and a known elevation point through a second measuring assembly to obtain the central elevation H of the rearview prismRear end；
S2, measuring the height difference h of the rearview prism relative to the total station by using the total stationRear end；
S3, measuring the height difference h of the midpoints of the upper prism, the middle prism and the lower prism relative to the total station by using the total station, wherein the height difference h is respectivelyOn the upper part、hInAnd hLower partAnd then calculated to obtainAbsolute value | h of relative height difference of center of upper prism with respect to center of middle prism1Absolute value | h of relative height difference of center of middle prism with respect to center of lower prism2|；
S4, measuring the known height difference value H from the center of the upper prism to the center of the middle prism and from the center of the middle prism to the center of the lower prism during assembly, and determining the absolute value H1L, and the | h2I is calculated to obtain the relative error delta Hh of the center of the upper prism relative to the center of the middle prism1Relative error delta Hh of center of middle prism with respect to center of lower prism2；
S5, calculating the observation height difference h of the prism relative to the total stationInDifference correction value Δ HG ═ Δ Hh (Δ Hh)1+ΔHh2) And for hInCorrection is carried out with the formula hAfter medium-correction＝hIn+ΔHG；
S6, measuring the relative height difference h of the measured point relative to the central point of the middle prism through the first measuring assemblyTo be measured；
S7, passing through the HRear end、hRear end、hAfter medium-correctionAnd hTo be measuredTo obtain the height H of the measured pointTo be treated。
Preferably, in step S1, the central elevation H of the rear-view prism is obtained by measuring the rear-view prism and the known elevation point through the second measuring assemblyRear endThe method comprises the following steps:
A1. stabilizing and centering the prism support, and adjusting the level to enable the second leveling indium tile ruler to be vertical;
A2. adjusting by using a level gauge to enable the second indium tile measuring ruler to vertically stand at a known elevation point;
A3. reading the second leveling indium tile ruler and the second measurement indium tile ruler by using a second leveling instrument, and performing joint measurement on the rear-view prism and the known elevation point to obtain the central elevation H of the rear-view prismRear end。
Preferably, in step S5, the height difference h between the measured point and the middle prism is measuredTo be treatedThe method comprises the following measuring steps:
B1. after the prism group is assembled, measuring a scale value of the horizontal projection of the center of the prism on the first leveling indium tile ruler by using a precision instrument;
B2. adjusting a first indium tile measuring ruler to be vertically arranged on the surface of a measured object through a level gauge;
B3. and measuring the readings of the first leveling indium tile ruler and the first measuring indium tile ruler by the first level, and combining the scale value of the horizontal projection of the center of the middle prism on the first leveling indium tile ruler.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme that this application provided brought includes:
1. the traditional triangular elevation method calculates the elevation or height difference of an observation point by observing the zenith distance and the slant distance, and can only observe the elevation or height difference of a plurality of groups of points to be measured through a forward mirror and a backward mirror due to the influence of distance measurement and angle measurement errors, and calculate the average value of the elevation or height difference as the most accurate elevation or height difference observation value. The invention provides three vertically arranged prisms with equal spacing of the upper prism, the middle prism and the lower prism and a measurement method, so that difference correction can be carried out, the angle and distance measurement errors are reduced, and the triangulation elevation measurement precision is improved.
2. The height of a total station instrument needs to be measured in the traditional triangulation height measurement, and the height or height difference accuracy observed by a triangulation height method is not high due to measurement errors. The differential correction triangulation elevation measuring device and the measuring method provided by the invention do not need to directly measure the height of an instrument, can effectively reduce the height measurement error of a total station instrument in triangulation elevation measurement, and greatly improve the triangulation elevation measurement precision.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a measurement state according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of another measurement state of the embodiment shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the prism assembly and the adjustment bracket in the embodiment shown in fig. 1.
Reference numerals:
1. a measured point;
2. a known elevation point;
3. a prism group; 31. an upper prism; 32. a middle prism; 33. a lower prism;
4. a first measurement assembly; 41. a first leveling indium tile rule; 42. a first indium tile measuring ruler; 43. a first level;
5. a second measurement assembly; 51. a second leveling indium tile ruler; 52. a second indium tile measuring ruler; 53. a second level; 54. a prism holder;
6. a rearview prism;
7. a total station;
8. adjusting the bracket; 81. a base; 811. a prism rod sleeve; 812. a prism bracket; 82. an adjusting frame; 83. a prism frame; 831. an upper mirror rod; 832. a middle mirror frame; 833. a lower mirror rod; 84. an adjustment mechanism; 841. a round head bar; 842. adjusting the circular groove; 843. adjusting the bolt pair; 844. a level gauge;
9. and (4) elevation datum plane.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the measuring device includes a prism group 3, a first measuring assembly 4, a second measuring assembly 5, a rear-view prism 6 and a total station 7, where the prism group 3 is composed of three vertically arranged and equally spaced prisms supported by an adjusting bracket 8, and from top to bottom, the three prisms are an upper prism 31, a middle prism 32 and a lower prism 33, respectively, and the first measuring assembly 4 is located between a measured point 1 and the prism group 3 and is used for transmitting the elevation of the prism group 3 to the measured point 1; the second measuring group is arranged beside the known elevation point 2, the rearview prism 6 is arranged on the second measuring component 5, and the second measuring component 5 is used for transmitting the elevation of the known elevation point 2 to the rearview prism 6; the total station 7 is arranged near the known elevation point 2, a plurality of total stations 7, the rear view prism 6 and the prism group 3 are not collinear, generally, as shown in fig. 2, the total stations 7 and the rear view prism 6 are relatively close, the prism group 3 is very close to the measured point 1, and the distance is usually several meters to ten meters, so that the errors of h _ to-be-measured and h _ post-measurement in the several groups of data are very small, the distance from the total stations 7 to the prism group 3 is usually several tens meters to hundreds of meters or more, the errors are mainly concentrated on the error generated by the prism 32 in the measurement of the total stations 7, and the data corrected by arranging the upper, middle and lower prisms are more accurate.
As an optimization of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the first measurement assembly 4 includes a first level indium tile ruler 41, a first measurement indium tile ruler 42 and a first level gauge 43, the first level indium tile ruler 41 is disposed on the adjustment bracket 8, the first measurement indium tile ruler 42 is disposed on the measured point 1, the first level gauge 43 is disposed on the first level indium tile ruler 41 and the first measurement indium tile ruler 42, the first level gauge 43 reads the values of the first level indium tile ruler 41 and the first measurement indium tile ruler 42, and the height difference h _ to be measured from the middle prism 32 to the measured point 1 can be obtained by using a precision instrument when the adjustment bracket 8 is installed and the distance from the first measurement indium tile ruler 42 to the middle prism 32 is measured, and the indium tile ruler is very little affected by the external environment and the distance from the measured point 1 to the prism group 3 is very short, so the measurement error can be very small.
As an optimization of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the second measuring assembly 5 includes a second leveling indium tile ruler 51, a prism support 54, a second measuring indium tile ruler 52 and a second level gauge 53, the second leveling indium tile ruler 51 is vertically disposed at the bottom of the rear-view prism 6, and the distance from the rear-view prism 6 to the second leveling indium tile ruler 51 is measured by a precision instrument when the installation is completed for calculation and use in subsequent measurement; the prism bracket 54 is arranged at the bottom of the second leveling indium tile ruler 51, and the rear view prism 6 is usually required to be slightly lifted by the prism bracket 54 for the observation of the total station 7, given that the height of the elevation point 2 is variable; the second indium tile measuring ruler 52 is arranged on the known elevation point 2, the second level gauge 53 is arranged between the second indium tile leveling ruler 51 and the second indium tile measuring ruler 52 and used for reading the readings of the second indium tile leveling ruler 51 and the second indium tile measuring ruler 52 and transmitting the elevation of the known elevation point 2 to the rear view prism 6 by combining the known distance from the rear view prism 6 to the second indium tile leveling ruler 51, and the distance between the second indium tile measuring ruler 52 and the second indium tile leveling ruler 51 is small and the indium tile ruler is slightly influenced by the outside, so that the error of measured data is very small.
As a further optimization of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the adjusting bracket 8 comprises a base 81, an adjusting frame 82 and a prism frame 83, wherein the base 81 is used for fixing the prism frame 83 beside the measured point 1, the adjusting frame 82 and the base 81 are leveled by an adjusting mechanism 84, and the prism frame 83 is used for installing a prism and is arranged on the adjusting frame 82.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the adjusting mechanism 84 includes a round-head rod 841 disposed on the base 81 and an adjusting circular groove 842 disposed on the adjusting frame 82, the adjusting frame 82 rotates around the round-head rod 841 through the adjusting circular groove 842 to level the adjusting frame 82, and an adjusting bolt pair 843 is disposed around the round-head rod 841, the adjusting bolt pair 843 is used for connecting the adjusting frame 82 and the base 81, so that the adjusting frame 82 is fixed relative to the base 81, and a level meter 844 is disposed on the upper surface of the adjusting frame 82 for indicating that the adjusting frame 82 is very level.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the base 81 includes a prism rod sleeve 811 and a prism bracket 812, the prism rod sleeve 811 is fixed on the surface of the object to be measured, the prism bracket 812 is detachably inserted into the prism rod sleeve 811 through a connecting member, so as to facilitate the replacement of the prism frame 83, and when a plurality of positions need to be measured, the prism rod sleeve 811 can be installed at a plurality of places in advance, and then the prism bracket 812 is inserted into different prism rod sleeves 811 quickly to achieve the effect of measuring a plurality of positions quickly.
Further, the prism frame 83 includes a middle mirror frame 832, an upper mirror rod 831 and a lower mirror rod 833, the middle mirror frame 832 is vertically disposed on the side wall of the adjusting frame 82, the upper mirror rod 831 and the lower mirror rod 833 are symmetrically disposed on the upper side and the lower side of the middle mirror frame 832, the adjusting frame 82 is adjusted to be horizontal through the adjusting frame 82, and thus the vertical connection line from the upper prism 31 to the lower prism 33 is realized.
An embodiment of a measurement method using the differential correction triangulation elevation measurement assembly is also provided, which includes the following steps:
s1, measuring the rear-view prism 6 and the known elevation point 2 through the second measuring component 5 to obtain the central elevation H of the rear-view prism 6Rear end；
S2, measuring the height difference h of the rearview prism 6 relative to the total station 7 by using the total station 7Rear end；
S3, measuring the height differences of the midpoints of the upper prism 31, the middle prism 32 and the lower prism 33 relative to the total station 7 by using the total station 7, wherein the height differences are hOn the upper part、hInAnd hLower partThen, the absolute value | h of the relative height difference between the center of the upper prism 31 and the center of the middle prism 32 is calculated1|＝|hOn the upper part-hInAbsolute value | h of relative height difference between center of middle prism 32 and center of lower prism 332|＝|hIn-hLower part|；
S4, obtaining known height difference values H from the center of the upper prism 31 to the center of the middle prism 32 and from the center of the middle prism 32 to the center of the lower prism 33 through measurement during assembly, and obtaining1L, and the | h2The relative error delta Hh of the center of the upper prism 31 relative to the center of the middle prism 32 is obtained through | calculation1＝H-|h1Relative error Δ Hh of center of middle prism 32 with respect to center of lower prism 332＝H-|h2|；
S5, calculating the observation height difference h of the prism 32 relative to the total station 7InDifference correction value Δ HG ═ Δ Hh (Δ Hh)1+ΔHh2) And for hInCorrection is carried out with the formula hAfter medium-correction＝hIn+ΔHG；
S6, measuring the relative height difference h of the measured point 1 relative to the central point of the medium prism 32 through the first measuring component 4To be measured；
S7, passing through the HRear end、hRear end、hAfter medium-correctionAnd hTo be measuredCalculating the elevation H of the measured pointTo be treatedFirst, the middle edge is calculatedHeight difference value delta h between the center of mirror 32 and the center of rear-view prism 6Middle-back＝hAfter medium-correction-hRear endRepeatedly averaging for several times to obtain delta hAverageThen, the elevation H of the center point of the medium prism 32 is calculatedInThe calculation formula is HIn＝HRear end+ΔhAverageThen obtaining the elevation H of the measured pointTo be treated＝HIn+hTo be measured；
In this embodiment, the first leveling indium tile ruler and the second leveling indium tile ruler are both a reverse ruler, and the first measuring indium tile ruler and the second measuring indium tile ruler are positive rulers.
In some embodiments, the second measuring device (31) has the following measuring steps:
A1. stabilizing and centering the prism support 54, and adjusting the level to enable the second leveling indium tile ruler 51 to be vertical;
A2. adjusted using a level 844 so that the second measuring indium tile ruler 52 stands vertically at the known elevation point 2;
A3. reading the second leveling indium tile ruler 51 and the second measuring indium tile ruler 52 by using a second leveling instrument 53, and jointly measuring the rear view prism 6 and the known elevation point 2 to obtain the central elevation H of the rear view prism 6Rear end。
In some embodiments, the height difference h of the object 5 to be measured to the prism 12 is measuredTo be treatedThe method comprises the following measuring steps:
B1. after the prism group 3 is assembled, measuring a scale value of the horizontal projection of the center of the middle prism 32 on the first leveling indium tile ruler 41 by using a precision instrument;
B2. the first indium tile measuring ruler 42 is adjusted to be vertically arranged on the surface of the measured object through the level 844;
B3. the first level indium tile ruler 41 and first measured indium tile ruler 42 readings are measured by first level gauge 43 in combination with the scale value of the horizontal projection of the center of the central prism 32 onto the first level indium tile ruler 41.
The measurement is performed by all the methods described above, and in a practical application scenario, the obtained measurement data is shown in tables 1, 2, and 3, where the unit of all the data is m. The table 1 is data obtained by measurement and corresponding calculation of the first measurement device, the table 2 is data obtained by measurement and calculation of the total station, and the table 3 is data obtained by measurement of the second measurement device.
For example, in the first test of the first set, the height of the known elevation point 2 is 1.37m, 2.14m is obtained by adding the reading 1.987m of the second indium tile ruler 52 and the reading 0.153m of the second indium tile ruler 51 according to the measurement mode, the distance between the center of the rear view prism 6 and the zero point of the second indium tile ruler 51 is added to be 0.1m, the height difference 2.24m between the center of the rear view prism 6 and the known elevation point 2 is obtained, and finally the height H of the rear view prism 6 relative to the reference surface is obtainedRear end＝3.61m。
Then the height difference h of the rearview prism 6 relative to the total station 7 is measured by the total station 7Rear end3.479m, height difference h of upper prism 31 relative to total station 7On the upper part＝
13.541m, height difference h of the middle prism 32 relative to the total station 7In13.437m, height difference h of lower prism 33 relative to total station 7Lower part13.334m, the absolute value | h of the relative height difference between the center of the upper prism 31 and the center of the middle prism 32 is calculated10.104m, absolute value | h of the relative height difference between the center of the middle prism 32 and the center of the lower prism 332And | ═ 0.103 m. Then, according to the distance H from the central point of the middle prism 32 to the central points of the upper prism 31 and the lower prism 33 measured by a precision instrument during the installation of the equipment, the relative error delta Hh is calculated1＝-0.004m，ΔHh2The height difference h of the middle prism 32 relative to the total station 7 is-0.003 mInThe difference correction number of (1) (. DELTA.HG) (-0.0035 m), and corrected to obtain hAfter medium-correction13.434m, the relative height difference Δ h from the center of the central prism 32 to the center of the rear-view prism 6 is calculatedMiddle-backThe average was repeated a plurality of times to obtain Δ hAverage＝9.955m。
Recalculate HIn＝HRear end+ΔhAverage13.565m, the height converted to the zero point of the first level indium tile ruler 41 is 13.465m, and then the reading of the first level indium tile ruler 41 and the reading of the first measuring indium tile ruler 42 transfer the height to the measured point, namely HTo be treated＝11.179m。
TABLE 1 second measurement device measurement and calculation data
Figure BDA0002885709890000121
TABLE 2 Total station measurement and calculation data
Figure BDA0002885709890000122
TABLE 3 second measurement device measurement and calculation data
Figure BDA0002885709890000131
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A differential correction triangulation elevation measurement assembly obtains the elevation of a measured point (1) according to the measured point (1) and a known elevation point (2), and is characterized by comprising the following components:
the prism group (3) is fixedly arranged beside the measured point (1) through an adjusting bracket (8), and the prism group (3) comprises an upper prism (31), a middle prism (32) and a lower prism (33) which are arranged from top to bottom along a plumb line at equal intervals;
the first measuring component (4) is arranged between the measured point (1) and the prism group (3);
a second measuring assembly (5) arranged beside the known elevation point (2);
the rearview prism (6) is arranged on the second measuring component (5);
total stations (7), the number of which is at least one, are arranged near the known elevation point (2);
and the total station (7), the rearview prism (6) and the prism group (3) are not collinear.
2. The differential correction triangulation elevation measurement assembly of claim 1 wherein: the first measuring assembly (4) comprises:
a first leveling indium tile ruler (41) vertically arranged on the adjusting bracket (8);
the first indium tile measuring ruler (42) is vertically arranged on the measured point (1);
a first leveling instrument (43) arranged between the first leveling indium tile rule (41) and the first measuring indium tile rule (42).
3. The differential correction triangulation elevation measurement assembly of claim 1 wherein: the second measuring assembly (5) comprising:
a second leveling indium tile ruler (51) vertically arranged at the bottom of the rear view prism (6);
a prism support (54) which is arranged at the bottom of the second leveling indium tile ruler (51);
a second indium tile measuring ruler (52) vertically arranged on the known elevation point (2);
a second level (53) arranged between the second leveling indium tile rule (51) and the second measuring indium tile rule (52).
4. The differential correction triangulation elevation measurement assembly of claim 1 wherein: the adjustment bracket (8) comprises:
a base (81) fixedly arranged beside the measured point (1);
an adjusting frame (82) connected with the base (81) through an adjusting mechanism (84);
and the prism frame (83) is vertically arranged on the side wall of the adjusting frame (82), and the prism group (3) is arranged on the prism frame (83).
5. The differential correction triangulation elevation measurement assembly of claim 4 wherein: the adjustment mechanism (84) includes:
a round head rod (841) fixedly arranged on the base (81);
an adjustment circular groove (842) which is arranged on the adjustment frame (82), and the round head rod (841) and the modulation circular groove are mutually abutted;
the adjusting bolt pairs (843) are connected with the base (81) and the adjusting frames (82), the number of the adjusting bolt pairs is at least three, and the adjusting bolt pairs are uniformly arranged beside the round-head rod (841) in the circumferential direction;
and the level (844) is arranged on the upper surface of the adjusting frame (82).
6. The differential correction triangulation elevation measurement assembly of claim 4 wherein: the base (81) comprises
A prism rod sleeve (811) fixedly arranged on the surface of the object to be measured;
a prism bracket (812) partially inserted into the prism rod sleeve (811), the adjusting bracket (82) being connected to the prism bracket (812) by an adjusting mechanism (84);
the prism rod sleeve (811) and the prism bracket (812) are detachably connected through a connecting piece.
7. The differential correction triangulation elevation measurement assembly of claim 4 wherein: the prism frame (83) includes:
the middle lens frame (832) is vertically arranged on the side wall of the adjusting frame (82), and the middle prism (32) is detachably connected into the middle lens frame (832);
the upper mirror rod (831) is arranged at the top of the middle mirror frame (832), and the upper prism (31) is detachably connected with the upper mirror rod (831);
the lower mirror rod (833) is arranged at the bottom of the middle mirror frame (832), and the lower prism (33) is detachably connected with the lower mirror rod (833);
the upper mirror rod (831) and the lower mirror rod (833) are coaxial and have equal length.
8. A method of differential correction triangulation elevation measurement assembly measurement according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, measuring the rearview prism (6) and the known elevation point (2) through the second measuring assembly (5) to obtain the central elevation H of the rearview prism (6)Rear end；
S2, measuring rearview prism by using total station (7)(6) Height difference h relative to total station (7)Rear end；
S3, measuring the height difference of the middle points of the upper prism (31), the middle prism (32) and the lower prism (33) relative to the total station (7) by using the total station (7), wherein the height difference is hOn the upper part、hInAnd hLower partThen, the absolute value | h of the relative height difference between the center of the upper prism (31) and the center of the middle prism (32) is calculated1Absolute value | h of relative height difference between center of middle prism (32) and center of lower prism (33)2|；
S4, measuring the known height difference value H from the center of the upper prism (31) to the center of the middle prism (32) and from the center of the middle prism (32) to the center of the lower prism (33) during assembly, and determining the height difference value H1L, and the | h2I, calculating to obtain the relative error delta Hh of the center of the upper prism (31) relative to the center of the middle prism (32)1And the relative error delta Hh of the center of the middle prism (32) relative to the center of the lower prism (33)2；
S5, calculating the observation height difference h of the prism (32) relative to the total station (7)InDifference correction value Δ HG ═ Δ Hh (Δ Hh)1+ΔHh2) And for hInCorrection is carried out with the formula hAfter medium-correction＝hIn+ΔHG；
S6, measuring the relative height difference h of the measured point (1) relative to the central point of the medium prism (32) through the first measuring component (4)To be measured；
S7, passing through the HRear end、hRear end、hAfter medium-correctionAnd hTo be measuredTo obtain the elevation H of the measured point (1)To be treated。
9. The measuring method according to claim 8, wherein in step S1, the central elevation H of the rear-view prism (6) is obtained by measuring the rear-view prism (6) and the known elevation point (2) through the second measuring assembly (5)Rear endThe method comprises the following steps:
A1. stabilizing and centering the prism support (54), and adjusting the level to enable the second leveling indium tile ruler (51) to be vertical;
A2. adjusting by using a level gauge (844) to enable the second indium tile measuring ruler (52) to stand vertically at a known elevation point (2);
A3. reading the second leveling indium tile ruler (51) and the second measuring indium tile ruler (52) by using a second leveling instrument (53), and jointly measuring the rear view prism (6) and the known elevation point (2) to obtain the central elevation H of the rear view prism (6)Rear end。
10. The measuring method according to claim 8, wherein in step S5, the height difference h from the measured point (1) to the middle prism (32) is measuredTo be treatedThe method comprises the following measuring steps:
B1. after the prism group (3) is assembled, measuring a scale value of the horizontal projection of the center of the prism (32) on the first leveling indium tile ruler (41) by using a precision instrument;
B2. a first indium tile measuring ruler (42) is adjusted to be vertically arranged on the surface of a measured object through a level gauge (844);
B3. the readings of the first leveling indium tile ruler (41) and the first measuring indium tile ruler (42) are measured by the first leveling instrument (43), and the scale value of the horizontal projection of the center of the middle prism (32) on the first leveling indium tile ruler (41) is combined.
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CN109515252A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-03-26 中铁十二局集团有限公司 A kind of subway contact net trackless measurement construction method
CN110542404A (en) * 2019-09-04 2019-12-06 北京城建集团有限责任公司 Prism frame for elevation measurement
CN211060925U (en) * 2020-01-22 2020-07-21 宋黎民 Three-dimensional coordinate measuring tool for invisible hidden points in surveying and mapping engineering
CN112033357A (en) * 2020-09-08 2020-12-04 重庆交通大学 Leveling-free polygon prism measuring device and method for triangulation elevation measurement

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101140164A (en) * 2007-09-10 2008-03-12 唐发志 All-station instrument accurate measurement height method
CN203744969U (en) * 2014-03-27 2014-07-30 西安科技大学 Prism bar having self illumination function and used for trigonometric leveling
CN107328388A (en) * 2017-07-03 2017-11-07 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 It is a kind of high without the high Trigonometric Leveling of prism without instrument
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