CN112033357B - Leveling-free polygon prism measuring device and method for triangulation elevation measurement - Google Patents
Leveling-free polygon prism measuring device and method for triangulation elevation measurement Download PDFInfo
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- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention relates to a leveling-free multi-prism measuring device and a measuring method for triangular elevation measurement, wherein the measuring device comprises a prism rod, at least 2 prisms fixed on the prism rod, a bracket connected with one end of the prism rod, a connecting assembly connected with the other end of the prism rod and a control point metal mark; when the device is used, one end of the prism rod is inserted into the ground through the support, and the other end of the prism rod is aligned to the control point metal mark through the connecting component so as to realize the inclination fixation of the prism rod. According to the method, the mathematical relationship between the point to be measured and the measuring prism point is obtained through the space geometric relationship between different prism points and the measuring station; in the measuring process, the prism does not need to be leveled, and the prism height does not need to be measured, so that the prism height measuring error does not exist; the lower end of the device is quickly and tightly attached and connected with the control point metal mark through magnetism, so that prism centering errors do not exist, and the erected prism has higher efficiency and higher precision compared with the traditional measuring method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering measuring devices, in particular to a leveling-free polygon prism measuring device and a leveling-free polygon prism measuring method for triangulation elevation measurement.
Background
With the rapid development of the total station, the total station can not only realize high-precision wire measurement, but also meet the requirements of four levels in the aspect of triangulation elevation measurement. In the conventional measurement, when the precision of the total station is high enough, the proportion of the prism high-quantity acquisition error and the centering error is increased. The traditional centering rod vertical prism is used, the height of the prism rod can be accurately measured, centering and leveling are needed, the stability is poor, the interference of the external environment is large, and the deviation of the upper end of the prism rod from a control point is easily caused.
Journal literature, "analysis and research on the height measurement precision of distance measuring triangles by an intermediate method", Lemundi, Liudanfeng and the like, volume 14, No. 3 in 2016, page 146, 147. the description shows that the alignment precision of the tripod erecting prism is obviously higher than that of a centering rod through actual detection verification, but the tripod erecting prism still needs to be centered and leveled, the centering and leveling speed is very low, and the height measurement error of the prism is far larger than that of the traditional prism rod. Although the forced centering base can eliminate the prism centering error, the cost of using the device is too high, certain time cost is needed, and the forced centering base is generally only used for high-precision measurement.
Journal literature 'research on replacing precision leveling measurement by electromagnetic wave distance measurement triangle elevation with an intermediate method', in dawn, yanfan and the like, vol 37, No. 2 in 2012, page 182-. Journal literature 'research on high-precision EDM triangulation height measurement', which is approved by China, No. 10 in 2002 and pages 22-24, records a precision height measurement method, but the method is relatively complex and tedious to operate, consumes long time and cannot be widely applied to actual engineering. This approach does not completely eliminate all of the above problems.
Therefore, the centering and leveling speed is high in design (even the centering and leveling are not needed), the prism centering error does not exist, the prism height does not need to be measured, the purpose of eliminating the prism high-volume taking error and the prism centering error is achieved, and the method has important significance for improving the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the present application provides the following technical solutions.
A leveling-free multi-prism measuring device for triangulation elevation measurement comprises a prism rod, at least 2 prisms fixed on the prism rod, a support connected with one end of the prism rod, a connecting assembly connected with the other end of the prism rod, and a control point metal mark;
when the device is used, one end of the prism rod is inserted into the ground through the support, and the other end of the prism rod is aligned to the control point metal mark through the connecting component so as to realize the inclination fixation of the prism rod.
Preferably, the connecting assembly comprises a bearing seat, a connecting shaft and a positioning block, and the positioning block is used for fixing the control point metal mark;
the two ends of the connecting shaft are fixed on the two sides of the positioning block through side plates respectively, the bearing seats are rotatably connected with the connecting shaft and fixedly connected with the prism rod, so that the prism rod can rotate relative to the positioning block.
Preferably, the bearing pedestal comprises a bearing and a connecting plate, the bearing is fixedly connected with the connecting plate, the connecting plate is fixedly connected with the prism rod, and the connecting shaft penetrates through the bearing.
Preferably, a groove is formed in the positioning block, and a protrusion corresponding to the groove is formed in the top of the control point metal mark, so that the positioning block is fixedly connected with the control point metal mark.
Preferably, the positioning block has magnetism and can magnetically adsorb the control point metal mark, so that the positioning block is tightly and fixedly connected with the control point metal mark.
Preferably, the prism is detachably fixed on the prism rod and is fixed on the same side of the prism rod;
each prism is correspondingly provided with a target, the targets are positioned around the prism, and the centers of the targets are coincided.
Preferably, the target is of a circular structure, and the radial target stripes which penetrate through the center of the prism and are symmetrically distributed are arranged on the target, so that the prism can be conveniently aimed, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
Preferably, the prism is a 360-degree prism, the prism sleeve is fixed on the prism rod, and the feature surface orientation of each prism is the same.
Preferably, the support can rotate relative to the prism pole, through the handle spiral with the prism pole is fixed, the leg joint has collapsible metal pole, convenient height-adjusting.
The measuring method of the leveling-free polygon prism measuring device for triangulation elevation measurement comprises the following steps of:
101. embedding points, namely nailing selected points into control point metal marks to ensure that the control point metal marks are vertically nailed into the ground;
102. erecting an instrument, respectively erecting the measuring device at a front viewpoint and/or a rear viewpoint of the total station, automatically adsorbing one end of a prism rod on a control point metal mark through a connecting assembly, adjusting a support to a proper angle through a handle screw at the other end of the prism rod, and then fixedly connecting the prism rod with the support; the inclination of the prism rod is adjusted by adjusting the height of the metal rod; during erection, ensuring that the prism surface is opposite to the total station;
103. observe, after the total powerstation centering flattening, make the total powerstation aim at prism center or target center measure, the measurement process needs to measure while recording data, needs to use the data that the total powerstation measured to include: vertical angle alpha of total station and different prisms 1 、α 2 ……α n Slope distance S of the total station to different prisms 1 、S 2 ……S n ;
104. Checking data, checking whether the calculated result deviation between different prism combinations meets the requirements after measurement, if not, retesting, moving to the next testing station if the result deviation meets the requirements, and repeating the steps 102, 103 and 104;
105. and (6) carrying out overall data adjustment processing.
The beneficial technical effects obtained by the invention are as follows:
1) the invention solves the problems of high prism measuring error, prism centering error and prism leveling requirement in the prior art, eliminates the high prism measuring error and prism centering error, reduces the prism centering leveling time and improves the measurement precision and the measurement efficiency under the condition of not increasing extra expenses;
2) the invention does not need leveling, has high centering speed and greatly improves the working efficiency; the prism height does not need to be measured, so that the prism height measuring error does not exist, and the measuring precision is improved;
3) the lower end of the prism rod is quickly and tightly attached and connected with the control point metal mark through the magnetic positioning block, and prism centering errors do not exist, so that the erected prism has higher efficiency and higher precision compared with the traditional measurement method;
4) the measuring method of the invention mainly measures the distances and angles of a plurality of prisms through the total station, obtains the mathematical relation between the ground point to be measured and the measuring prism point through the space geometric relation, and greatly improves the measuring precision.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, so that the technical means of the present application can be clearly understood, and the present application can be implemented according to the content of the description, and the foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present application can be more clearly understood.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present application will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a polygon measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection assembly and control point metal markers in one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the connection relationship between the positioning block and the connecting shaft according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the connection between the positioning block and the connecting shaft according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a bearing seat according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a bearing seat according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the bracket and the handle helix according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a handle spiral according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a side view of a prism bar, target, prism in relation to their position in one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a side view of a target in a prism in relation to its position in one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a polygon measuring apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 12 is a side view of a 360 degree prism in another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 13 is a front view of a 360 degree prism in another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 14 is a simplified schematic view of a measurement of the multi-prism measuring device of the present disclosure;
fig. 15 is a simplified schematic view of another measurement of the multi-prism measuring device of the present disclosure.
In the above drawings: 100. a prism rod; 200. a prism; 300. a support; 310. a metal rod; 311. a telescopic key; 320. a handle screw; 400. a connecting assembly; 410. a bearing seat; 411. a bearing; 412. a connecting plate; 420. a connecting shaft; 430. positioning a block; 431. a groove; 440. a side plate; 500. a control point metal flag; 510. a protrusion; 600. a target; 610. a target stripe; 700. fixing the bolt; 800. provided is a total station.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments.
Further, the present application may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.
It is further noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a leveling-free multi-prism measurement apparatus for triangulation elevation measurement includes a prism rod 100, at least 2 prisms 200 fixed on the prism rod 100, a bracket 300 connected to one end of the prism rod 100, a connection assembly 400 connected to the other end of the prism rod 100, and a control point metal mark 500.
When the prism rod 100 is used, one end of the prism rod 100 is inserted into the ground through the support 300, and the other end of the prism rod is aligned to the control point metal mark 500 through the connecting assembly 400, so that the prism rod 100 is fixed in an inclined manner, and the stability of the prism rod 100 is good.
Further, the prism rod 100 is of an integrated structure and can not be contracted, stretched and disassembled, so that errors generated in the measuring process are avoided, and the measuring precision is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the connection assembly 400 includes a bearing seat 410, a connection shaft 420, and a positioning block 430, where the positioning block 430 is used to fix the control point metal mark 500.
A groove 431 is formed in the positioning block 430, and a protrusion 510 corresponding to the groove 431 is formed at the top of the control point metal mark 500, so that the positioning block 430 is fixedly connected with the control point metal mark 500.
Further, the groove 431 and the protrusion 510 are both hemispherical, so that the positioning block 430 is in a plumb state after being tightly connected with the control point metal mark 500, which is beneficial to improving the measurement precision.
Further, the positioning block 430 has magnetism, and can magnetically attract the control point metal mark 500, so that the positioning block 430 is tightly and fixedly connected with the control point metal mark 500.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, two ends of the connecting shaft 420 are respectively fixed at two sides of the positioning block 430 through side plates 440, the bearing seat 410 is rotatably connected with the connecting shaft 420, and the bearing seat 410 is fixedly connected with the prism rod 100, so that the prism rod 100 can rotate relative to the positioning block 430.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the bearing seat 410 includes a bearing 411 and a connecting plate 412, the bearing 411 is fixedly connected with the connecting plate 412, the connecting plate 412 is fixedly connected with the prism rod 100 through a fixing screw, and the connecting shaft 420 passes through the bearing 411.
In one embodiment, the positioning block 430 is a magnetic cylinder, the magnetic cylinder includes 2U-shaped steel hoops and 1 groove cylinder, the 2U-shaped steel hoops are respectively fixed on two sides of the groove cylinder, and a connecting shaft 420 is disposed between the 2U-shaped steel hoops, and the connecting shaft 420 passes through the bearing 411 of the bearing seat 410.
The lower end of the groove cylinder is provided with a hemispherical groove, the upper end of the control point metal mark 500 is a hemispherical bulge, the groove cylinder has magnetism and can be quickly and tightly attached to the control point metal mark 500, so that the control point metal mark has no prism centering error, the purpose of quick centering can be achieved, and compared with the traditional measuring method, the efficiency and the precision of prism erection are greatly improved.
Further, referring to fig. 2, the lower end of the control point metal mark 500 is a pointed structure, which facilitates the nailing into the ground of the selected control point during the measurement.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the bracket 300 is disposed at the top end of the prism rod 100 and can rotate relative to the prism rod 100, and is fixed to the prism rod 100 by a handle screw 320.
The stand 300 provides support and after centering, the entire device can be quickly erected and held stable since the device does not require leveling.
Further, the bracket 300 is connected with a retractable metal rod 310, so that the height can be conveniently adjusted; the quantity of metal pole 310 is 2 or more than 2, all is equipped with interior telescopic link in every metal pole 310, interior telescopic link is connected with support 300, realizes the adjustment of support 300 height through the flexible of interior telescopic link to adapt to different external measuring environment.
Further, a telescopic button 311 is arranged on the metal rod 310, and the telescopic button 311 is controlled to stretch the inner telescopic rod relative to the metal rod 310, so as to adjust the height of the bracket 300.
Further, the telescopic key 311 is an electric telescopic control key or a manual rotation control key.
The handle screw 320 is provided with a fixing bolt 700, the top end of the prism rod 100 is provided with a threaded hole corresponding to the fixing bolt 700, the top end of the bracket 300 is provided with a through hole, and the handle screw 320 passes through the through hole of the bracket 300 during fixing and is fixedly connected with the threaded hole at the top end of the prism rod 100, so that the bracket 300 is fixedly connected with the prism rod 100.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the prisms 200 are detachably fixed on the prism rod 100, and all the prisms 200 are located on the same side of the prism rod 100; each prism 200 is correspondingly provided with a target 600, the targets 600 are located at the periphery of the prism 200, and the centers of the two targets are coincident.
When the device is not needed, the prism 200 and the target 600 can be detached, so that the prism 200 and the target 600 are protected, and the damage and the influence on the measurement accuracy are avoided.
Further, the target 600 is a circular structure, and the radial target stripes 610 symmetrically arranged and penetrating through the center of the prism 200 are arranged on the target 600 and used for assisting in improving the center of the total station aiming prism 200, facilitating the aiming of the prism 200 and improving the measurement accuracy.
Further, the prism 200 is connected with a fixing bolt 700, and the prism rod 100 is provided with a threaded hole corresponding to the fixing bolt 700, so that when the prism is installed, the fixing bolt 700 passes through the target 600 and is fixedly connected with the threaded hole.
Referring to fig. 1, the number of the prisms 200 is 4, and when the number of the prisms 200 is less than 2, there is no solution; when the number of prisms 200 is equal to 2, there is a unique solution; when the number of prisms 200 is greater than 2, there are multiple solutions; the purpose of providing 2 or more than 2 prisms 200 is to prevent the partial prisms 200 from being invisible due to the blocked line of sight, thus providing various options.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the prisms 200 are 360-degree prisms, the prisms 200 are fixed on the prism bar 100, and the feature surface orientation of each prism 200 is the same. As shown in fig. 12 and 13, each surface of the prism 200 has different characteristics, and when the prism is installed, the same characteristic surface is fixed on the prism rod 100 in the same orientation, and the 360-degree prism 200 has an omnidirectional observation surface relative to a common prism, and can simultaneously perform measurement at a plurality of stations.
Further, in order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the 360-degree prism and the prism rod 100 are integrated and are not detachable.
Example 2
Based on the above embodiment 1, a measurement method of a leveling-free polygon mirror measurement device for triangulation elevation measurement includes the following steps:
101. and (3) embedding points, namely, respectively nailing the selected 2 points into the control point metal marks 500, and ensuring that the control point metal marks 500 are vertically nailed into the ground. Whether a large amount of shielding objects exist or not is considered at the position of the embedded point, so that the prism is prevented from being shielded, the connecting assembly 400 is in a vertical state after being connected with the control point metal mark 500, and the measurement precision is improved.
102. Erecting the instrument, as shown in fig. 14, the measuring device is erected at the front viewpoint and the rear viewpoint of the total station 800, one end of the prism rod 100 is automatically adsorbed on the control point metal mark 500 through the connecting assembly 400, the other end adjusts the bracket 300 to a proper angle through the handle screw 320, and then the prism rod 100 is fixedly connected with the bracket 300; the height of the metal rod 310 is adjusted through the telescopic key 311, and then the inclination of the prism rod 100 is adjusted, so that at least two prisms can be observed; during erection, the prism 200 surface is guaranteed to face the total station 800.
103. Observing, namely after the total station 800 is centered and leveled, aiming the total station 800 at the center of the prism 200 or the center of the target 600 for measurement, aiming at the left side first and then observing the prism group for measurement (at least observing two prisms); then, aiming at the forward looking prism group for measurement; next, aiming the forward looking prism group to measure at the right side of the disk; finally, the disk right aims at the rear view prism group to measure; the measurement process needs to be carried out simultaneouslyMeasuring and recording data, wherein the data needing to be measured by using the total station comprises the following data: vertical angle alpha of total station and different prisms 1 、α 2 ……α n Total station and different prism slope distances S 1 、S 2 ……S n ;
104. Checking data, checking whether the calculated result deviation between different prism combinations meets the requirements after measurement, if not, carrying out retesting, if so, moving to the next testing station, and repeating the steps 102, 103 and 104;
105. and (6) carrying out overall data adjustment processing.
Example 3
Based on the above embodiment 1, a measurement method of a leveling-free polygon mirror measurement device for triangulation elevation measurement includes the following steps:
101. and (5) embedding points, namely nailing the selected points into the control point metal marks 500, and ensuring that the control point metal marks 500 are vertically nailed into the ground. Whether a large amount of shielding objects exist or not is considered at the position of the embedded point, so that the prism is prevented from being shielded, the connecting assembly 400 is in a vertical state after being connected with the control point metal mark 500, and the measurement precision is improved.
102. Erecting the total station 800 to a control point, erecting the measuring device at a front view point or a rear view point of the total station 800, as shown in fig. 15, automatically adsorbing one end of the prism rod 100 on the control point metal sign 500 through the connecting assembly 400, adjusting the bracket 300 to a proper angle through the handle screw 320 at the other end, and then fixedly connecting the prism rod 100 and the bracket 300; the height of the metal rod 310 is adjusted through the telescopic key 311, so that the inclination of the prism rod 100 is adjusted, and at least two prisms can be observed; during erection, the prism 200 surface is guaranteed to face the total station 800.
103. Observing, after the total station 800 is centered and leveled, aiming the total station 800 at the center of the prism 200 or the center of the target 600 for measurement, and recording data while measuring in the measuring process, wherein the data measured by the total station comprises: vertical angle alpha of total station and different prisms 1 、α 2 ……α n Total station 800 and different prism slope distances S 1 、S 2 ……S n ;
104. Checking data, checking whether the calculated result deviation between different prism combinations meets the requirements after measurement, if not, carrying out retesting, if so, moving to the next testing station, and repeating the steps 102, 103 and 104;
105. and (6) carrying out overall data adjustment processing.
In the measuring process, the upper end of the control point metal mark 500 is ensured to be horizontal, so that the positioning block 430 is in a plumb state after being tightly connected with the positioning block, and the measuring precision is improved.
When erecting the polygon prism measuring device, the prism 200 should be aligned to the total station 800 as much as possible, which is beneficial to improving the measurement accuracy. When the total station 800 is used to measure, the target stripes 610 should be aimed as far as possible when the distance is too far to see the center of the prism 200, which is convenient for improving the measurement accuracy.
For ease of calculation, the effects of atmospheric refraction and earth curvature on elevation measurements are not considered. Taking the first prism and the second prism as an example, according to the similar trigonometric theorem, it can be obtained from fig. 15:
in the formula: l represents the distance from the center of the first prism to the center of the bearing shaft at the bottom end of the prism, and the parameter is known; l 1 Representing the separation between the first prism and the second prism, which parameter is known;the height difference from the point O to the point A, namely the height difference from the observation station to the control point, is calculated by the first prism and the second prism; a represents the vertical distance between the center of the bearing and the uppermost end of the groove, and the parameter is known; i denotes the instrument height of total station 800.
The above formula (1) can be simplified as follows:
since Ssin α ═ h, formula (2) above can be simplified to:
as can be seen from the analysis of the above formula (3), the measuring apparatus has the following advantages over the conventional method: the height of the prism does not need to be measured, so that the influence of the high quantity of the prism on the height difference is reduced; the magnetic connecting device is closely connected with the control point metal, so that the influence of centering errors on the elevation is eliminated; the device has a solution with at least two prisms.
Calculating a general solution:
because the device is provided with a plurality of prisms, different combinations can be formed among different prisms, so that different solutions exist, and a universal calculation algorithm among the prisms with different combinations is provided for facilitating data processing of measuring personnel.
For ease of calculation, different prism spacings are designed to be the same length, i.e.: l 1 =l 2 =…=l n-1 =l n The same general formula of the one-way height difference calculation can be obtained:
assuming that each prism is observed, its one-way average height difference is:
wherein n represents the number of prisms; i, j denote the observed prism combinations. The one-way average height difference is calculated by a specific combination mode, and only one algorithm is provided.
And (3) error propagation analysis:
the above equation is fully differentiated to obtain:
according to the error propagation law, the following results are obtained:
due to S 1 ≈S 2 And according to the nominal precision of the total station, the method comprises the following steps:
formula (8) is substituted for formula (7), and can be simplified to obtain:
in the same way, the general formula of the error calculation in the opposite observation of any two prisms is as follows:
the error calculation general formula in the n prism opposite direction observation is as follows:
assuming that the number of prisms is 4, the formula can be obtained from the above formula (10):
because in the above formula (12)The terms are approximately equal in value, so their magnitudes are given byThe specific sizes are: it can be concluded that: the farther the two prisms are spaced, the higher the precision is; when the two prisms are spaced at a certain interval, the closer the prisms are to the control point, the higher the accuracy.
Considering the above-mentioned conclusions, when the total number of observations is constant, the accuracy of observing the two prisms that are farthest apart and closest to the control point is much higher than that of observing all prisms (the limited number of prisms). The number of prisms is not important and the number of prisms only needs to be considered whether they can be observed during the measurement. If the best observation prism is blocked, the other prisms can be selected for observation, and the number of prisms at this time is only used for compensation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Variations, modifications, substitutions, integrations and parameter changes of the embodiments may be made without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention, which may be within the spirit and principle of the invention, by conventional substitution or may realize the same function.
Claims (6)
1. A leveling-free multi-prism measuring device for triangular elevation measurement is characterized by comprising a prism rod (100), at least 2 prisms (200) fixed on the prism rod (100), a bracket (300) connected with one end of the prism rod (100), a connecting assembly (400) connected with the other end of the prism rod (100), and a control point metal mark (500);
when in use, one end of the prism rod (100) is inserted into the ground through the bracket (300), and the other end of the prism rod is aligned with the control point metal mark (500) through the connecting component (400) so as to realize the tilt fixation of the prism rod (100);
the bracket (300) can rotate relative to the prism rod (100) and is fixed with the prism rod (100) through a handle screw (320), and the bracket (300) is connected with a retractable metal rod (310) so as to conveniently adjust the height;
the number of the metal rods (310) is 2 or more than 2, an inner telescopic rod is arranged in each metal rod (310), the inner telescopic rods are connected with the support (300), and the height of the support (300) is adjusted through the extension and retraction of the inner telescopic rods;
the metal rod (310) is provided with a telescopic key (311), and the telescopic action of the inner telescopic rod relative to the metal rod (310) is realized by controlling the telescopic key (311), so that the height of the support (300) is adjusted;
the telescopic key (311) is an electric telescopic control key or a manual rotary control key;
the prism rod (100) is an integrated structure;
the connecting assembly (400) comprises a bearing seat (410), a connecting shaft (420) and a positioning block (430), and the positioning block (430) is used for fixing the control point metal mark (500); the lower end of the control point metal mark (500) is of a pointed structure;
the bearing seat (410) comprises a bearing (411) and a connecting plate (412), the bearing (411) is fixedly connected with the connecting plate (412), the connecting plate (412) is fixedly connected with the prism rod (100), and the connecting shaft (420) penetrates through the bearing (411);
two ends of the connecting shaft (420) are respectively fixed on two sides of the positioning block (430) through side plates (440), the bearing seat (410) is rotatably connected with the connecting shaft (420), and the bearing seat (410) is fixedly connected with the prism rod (100) so as to realize that the prism rod (100) can rotate relative to the positioning block (430);
a groove (431) is formed in the positioning block (430), and a protrusion (510) corresponding to the groove (431) is arranged at the top of the control point metal mark (500), so that the positioning block (430) is fixedly connected with the control point metal mark (500); the groove (431) and the protrusion (510) are both hemispherical, so that the positioning block (430) is in a plumb state after being tightly connected with the control point metal mark (500).
2. The flattening-free polygon mirror measuring device for triangulation according to claim 1, wherein the positioning block (430) has magnetism, and is capable of magnetically attracting the control point metal mark (500) so that the positioning block (430) is tightly and fixedly connected with the control point metal mark (500).
3. Leveling-free polygon measuring apparatus for triangulation according to claim 1 wherein the prism (200) is removably fixed to the prism bar (100) on the same side of the prism bar (100);
each prism (200) is correspondingly provided with a target (600), the targets (600) are located on the periphery of the prism (200), and the centers of the two targets are coincident.
4. The flattening-free polygon measuring apparatus for triangulation according to claim 3, wherein the target (600) is a circular structure, and radial target stripes (610) symmetrically arranged through the center of the prism (200) are arranged on the target (600), so that the prism (200) can be aimed conveniently, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
5. The leveling-free polygon prism measurement apparatus for triangulation as recited in claim 1, wherein the prism (200) is a 360 degree prism, the prism (200) is telescopically fixed to the prism bar (100), and the feature faces of each prism (200) are the same.
6. A method of measuring a polygon prism measuring apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
101. embedding points, namely nailing the selected points into the control point metal marks (500) to ensure that the control point metal marks (500) are vertically nailed into the ground;
102. erecting the instrument, namely erecting the measuring device at a front view point and/or a rear view point of the total station (800), automatically adsorbing one end of a prism rod (100) on a control point metal mark (500) through a connecting assembly (400), adjusting a bracket (300) to a proper angle through a handle screw (320) at the other end, and then fixedly connecting the prism rod (100) with the bracket (300); adjusting the inclination of the prism rod (100) by adjusting the height of the metal rod (310); during erection, the surface of the prism (200) is ensured to be opposite to the total station (800);
103. observing, after the total station (800) is centered and leveled, aiming the total station (800) at the center of the prism (200) or the center of the target (600) for measurement, and recording data while measuring in the measuring process, wherein the data measured by the total station comprises the following data: vertical angles alpha 1 and alpha 2 … … alpha n of the total station and different prisms, and slant distances S1 and S2 … … Sn of the total station and different prisms;
104. checking data, checking whether the calculated result deviation between different prism combinations meets the requirements after measurement, if not, carrying out retesting, if so, moving to the next testing station, and repeating the steps 102, 103 and 104;
105. and (6) carrying out overall data adjustment processing.
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