CN201611255U - Theodolite - Google Patents
Theodolite Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201611255U CN201611255U CN2010200008706U CN201020000870U CN201611255U CN 201611255 U CN201611255 U CN 201611255U CN 2010200008706 U CN2010200008706 U CN 2010200008706U CN 201020000870 U CN201020000870 U CN 201020000870U CN 201611255 U CN201611255 U CN 201611255U
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- latitude
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- pedestal
- elevation angle
- longitude
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Abstract
The utility model provides a theodolite, relating to the field of optical instrument and equipment, in particular to a theodolite. The theodolite overcomes the disadvantages of hard operation, oversize volume, inconvenient carrying, low precision, and high manufacturing cost of the existing theodolite. The theodolite has the advantages of easy operation, small volume, convenient carrying, high precision and low cost. The theodolite comprises a longitude axis star-finding mechanism and a latitude axis star-finding mechanism, wherein the latitude axis star-finding mechanism is arranged at the upper part of the longitude axis star-finding mechanism, and the longitude axis star-finding mechanism is fixed with the latitude axis star-finding mechanism through a screw nail. The theodolite is simple in structure, reasonable in design, and suitable for popularization and use.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the optical instrumentation field, and what be specifically related to is transit.
Background technology
Equatorial armillary sphere is one of eight large-scale casting in bronze astronomical instruments of Qing Dynasty's manufacturing, also is the important ancient astronomical observation instrument of China.Made in 1673, and weighed 2720 kilograms, still be kept in good condition on the observation platform of Beijing Ancient Observatory so far.
Whole observation part is made up of three big rings and a bearing.Outmost big ring is called " meridian circle ", is positive North and South direction on end, and there is index dial on the two sides.Middle annulus is high in the south and low in the north, and is parallel with celestial equator, therefore, is called " equator ring ".Be carved with 24 big lattice on the anchor ring equably, represent 24 hours, each big lattice is divided into 4 little lattice again, represent 15 minutes, the central vertical of anchor ring ground bearing on end is called " pole axis " under the line, link to each other with meridian circle, some energized north celestial poles up, some energized south celestial poles down, and supporting by two quadrant arcs that stretch out in the South Pole.The annulus of the inside is called " right ascension ring ", can also rotate around pole axis.
Whole observation part is embedded in the semicircle cloud seat, and Black Dragon upright by north and south, that hold head high to repair tail holds up, and four sharp claws of dragon catch following cross to hand over an end of beam respectively, and every end all is equipped with the bolt of adjusting the instrument level.This instrument is mainly used in the position of celestial bodies such as measuring fixed star and the sun, the moon, planet.
Long 2.3 meters of equatorial armillary sphere, wide 1.78 meters, high 3.2 meters, heavily about 2720 kilograms.
[1]
This instrument is the instrument that often uses in the Ancient Times in China astronomical sight, and purposes has 14, is mainly used to right ascension, the declination of true solar time and celestial body.This instrument was once plunderred to French Embassy in China by French invader in 1900, and the back was given back China under the pressure of world opinion in 1902, was reinstalled on the origin-location.
Along with the progress in epoch, transit has also had very big progress, and present transit is different according to circular graduation and reading mode, is divided into vernier theodolite, optical theodolite and electronic theodolite.China mainly uses optical theodolite and electronic theodolite at present, and vernier theodolite is eliminated already.
The horizontal dial and the altitude circle of optics longitude and latitude are made with glass, are carved with equally spaced division line at all Ei edge on scale plane, two adjacent division line spacings right central angle be called the scale value of scale, claim the minimum scale division value of scale again.Generally determine precision, be divided into the size of scale value:
DJ6 scale scale value be 1 ° of DJ2 scale scale value be 20 ' DJ1 (T3) scale scale value be 4 '; By precision from high precision to low precision branch: DJ07, DJ1, DJ2, DJ6, DJ30 etc. (D, J are respectively the initial of the earth and transit); Transit is to be used to the fine measuring instrument that takes measurement of an angle in the measuring task, can be used to take measurement of an angle, engineering setting out and rough distance measure.A whole set of instrument is made up of instrument, foot rest portion two parts.
Use and lift row (coordinate that known A, B is asked for the C point coordinate) at 2:
Be a bit to set up instrument (with instrument stand be located at A point be row) among A, the B at known coordinate at 2, finish and settle the fundamental operation of centering to aim at another known point (B point) later on, according to oneself needs configuration reading 1 and record, sight C point (unknown point) then and read reading 2 once more then.Reading 2 both had been the angle value of angle BAC with the difference of reading 1, accurately measured the distance of AC, BC again, just can calculate the accurate coordinates that C is ordered with mathematical method.
On the building site of some construction projects, we can often see that some technician's framves an instrument and carrying out surveying work, and their employed instrument is exactly a transit.Invention and navigation that transit is initial have confidential relation.In 15th century, some developed countries such as Britain, France are because the reason of navigation and war needs to draw various maps, sea chart.What map making used the earliest is triangulation, is exactly according to the observed result on two known points, obtains position thirdly, distant place, but owing to there is not suitable instrument, cause the measurement of angle means limited, precision is not high, and the topomap precision of drawing out thus is not high yet.And the invention of transit has improved the accuracy of observation of angle, has simplified the process of measurements and calculations simultaneously, also provides more accurate data for map making.Transit was widely used in the measurement of every engineering construction afterwards.Transit comprises pedestal, scale (horizontal dial and altitude circle) and three parts of alidade.Pedestal is used for supporting whole instrument.Horizontal dial is used for measuring horizontal angle.Telescope, level tube and reading device or the like are arranged on the alidade.
Transit is the main angle measuring instrument in the surveying work.Form by telescope, horizontal dial, altitude circle, level, pedestal etc.During measurement, transit is placed on the tripod, centre is aimed on the survey station point of ground, instrument is allocated, use the collimation telescope measurement target, measure horizontal angle and vertical angle with horizontal dial and altitude circle with level with plumb bob or optical plummet.Be divided into precision theodolite and plain transit by precision; Can be divided into optical theodolite and vernier theodolite by reading device; Be divided into repeating theodolite and direction theodolite by the axle series structure.In addition, the coded circle transit that can write down circle reading automatically by the coding perforation is arranged; Can continuously automatic aiming aerial target from the motion tracking transit; Utilize independent rapidly gyro-theodolite and the laser transit of measuring the ground point orientation of gyrocompassing principle; Universal theodolite with transit, astronomical transit and three kinds of effects of zenith instrument for astronomical sight; With video camera and the transit photogoniometer used for terrestrial photogrammetry etc. that combines.
The using method of transit is as follows:
1) the isometric and suitable operator's height of tripod furnishing is fixed on instrument on the tripod, makes the instrument base face parallel with end face on the tripod.
2) the instrument dance is placed on the survey station, visual estimation is roughly after the centering, step on a steady frame pin, mix up optical centering device eyepiece (seeing crosshair clearly) and object lens (seeing the survey station point clearly), with the hands respectively propose a frame pin all around swing, observe centralizer the crosshair intersection point is overlapped with survey station point, put surely and tread the frame pin.
3) the long leveling of extension tripod leg circular bubble.
4) level tube parallel two is allocated spiral, the leveling level tube.
5) alidade 90 degree of flatting turn flattens level tube with the 3rd spiral.
6) check optics centering, if small deviation is arranged, can open and connect the spiral translation base, make its accurate centering, screw the connection spiral, it is placed in the middle to reexamine leveling bubble.
In existing transit, when proceeding to the 3rd step of operation, all can run into a problem, that is exactly, during the long leveling of extension tripod leg circular bubble, the centering of instrument changes very little, causes flattening course and time lengthening, increased operation easier, traditional transit, volume are all rather huge, are not easy to carry, precision neither be very high, and cost is very expensive.
The utility model content
Big in order to overcome existing transit operation easier, volume is too huge, is not easy to carry, and precision neither be very high, the deficiency that cost is very expensive, the purpose of this utility model is: provide a kind of operation easier little, volume is small and exquisite, be easy to carry, precision is higher, the transit of low cost.
The technical scheme that its technical matters that solves the utility model adopts is as follows: a kind of transit, be fixedly mounted on the tripod and be used with it, it comprises through axle seeks star mechanism and the latitude axle is sought star mechanism, described latitude axle is sought star mechanism and is positioned at through axle and seeks star mechanism top, seeks star mechanism and latitude axle through axle and seeks star mechanism and tighten together by screw.
Described latitude axle is sought star mechanism and is comprised the pitching seat, clamp ring, the latitude gear, the latitude gear cap, the latitude worm screw, the pitching pedestal, the elevation setting screw, the latitude trimming hand wheel, latitude worm screw axle sleeve, wherein, the pitching seat is installed on the pitching pedestal, clamp ring is between pitching seat and pitching pedestal, the latitude gear is positioned at pitching pedestal top, the latitude gear cap is installed in latitude gear top, the latitude trimming hand wheel is installed in pitching pedestal bottom, the latitude worm screw is between latitude trimming hand wheel and pitching pedestal, latitude worm shaft cover is nested in latitude worm screw outside, and the elevation setting screw is positioned at latitude trimming hand wheel sidepiece.
Describedly seek star mechanism through axle and comprise the longitude gear cap, the longitude gear, the longitude gear shaft, elevation angle pedestal, elevation angle platen, elevation angle scale bar, the positioning of rotating screw, the pitching lock-screw, through the axle worm screw, the elevation setting screw, the longitude trimming hand wheel, through axle worm screw axle sleeve, wherein, elevation angle platen is the tabular body with the tripod connection, elevation angle pedestal is positioned at platen top, the elevation angle, the longitude trimming hand wheel is installed in the side of elevation angle pedestal, through the axle worm screw between longitude trimming hand wheel and elevation angle pedestal, be nested in through the axle worm screw outside through axle worm shaft cover, elevation angle scale bar is positioned at elevation angle platen edge lower part, and vertical the placement, the longitude gear shaft is installed in the inner side of elevation angle pedestal, the longitude gear is connected with longitude gear shaft axle center, the longitude gear cap is installed in longitude gear top, and the positioning of rotating screw is installed in elevation angle pedestal side bottom, the elevation setting screw by the side crosswise fixed on the pedestal of the elevation angle, the pitching tie down screw is installed in the side of pedestal bottom, the elevation angle, and parallel with the positioning of rotating screw.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
1. seek star mechanism through axle and seek two sections designs that are connected of star mechanism, allow in the operating process simplyr, reduced operation easier the adjustment of instrument balance with the latitude axle.
2. present technique is compared and traditional transit, has reduced the quantity of parts, thereby makes one-piece construction smaller and more exquisite, is easy to carry.
3. seek star mechanism and the latitude axle is sought being used of star mechanism through axle, make present technique than legacy equipment, precision is higher.
4. because present technique uses less components to realize, reduced production cost, allowed the price of transit be that more user accepts.
5.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the side-looking cross-sectional view of the utility model transit
Fig. 2 is the plan structure synoptic diagram of the utility model transit
Fig. 3 is the pitching pedestal section plan structure synoptic diagram of the utility model transit
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is further specified, but not as to qualification of the present utility model.
See also the embodiment of the utility model transit shown in Fig. 1-3, a kind of transit, be fixedly mounted on the tripod and be used with it, it comprises that seeking star mechanism 20 through axle seeks star mechanism 21 with the latitude axle, the latitude axle is sought star mechanism 21 and is positioned at through axle and seeks star mechanism 20 tops, seeks star mechanism 20 and latitude axle through axle and seeks star mechanism 21 and tighten together by screw.The latitude axle is sought star mechanism 21 and is comprised pitching seat 1, clamp ring 2, latitude gear 3, latitude gear cap 4, latitude worm screw 5, pitching pedestal 6, elevation setting screw 16, latitude trimming hand wheel 18, latitude worm screw axle sleeve 22, wherein, pitching seat 1 is installed on the pitching pedestal 6, clamp ring 2 is between pitching seat 1 and pitching pedestal 6, latitude gear 3 is positioned at pitching pedestal 6 tops, latitude gear cap 4 is installed in latitude gear 3 tops, latitude trimming hand wheel 18 is installed in pitching pedestal 10 bottoms, latitude worm screw 5 is between latitude trimming hand wheel 18 and pitching pedestal 10, latitude worm screw axle sleeve 22 is nested in latitude worm screw 5 outsides, and elevation setting screw 16 is positioned at latitude trimming hand wheel 18 sidepieces.Seek star mechanism 20 through axle and comprise longitude gear cap 7, longitude gear 8, longitude gear shaft 9, elevation angle pedestal 10, elevation angle platen 11, elevation angle scale bar 12, positioning of rotating screw 13, pitching lock-screw 14, through axle worm screw 15, elevation setting screw 16, longitude trimming hand wheel 17, through axle worm screw axle sleeve 19, wherein, elevation angle platen 11 is the tabular body with the tripod connection, elevation angle pedestal 10 is positioned at elevation angle platen 11 tops, longitude trimming hand wheel 17 is installed in the side of elevation angle pedestal 10, through axle worm screw 15 between longitude trimming hand wheel 17 and elevation angle pedestal 10, be nested in through axle worm screw 15 outsides through axle worm screw axle sleeve 19, elevation angle scale bar 12 is positioned at elevation angle platen 11 edge lower part, and vertical the placement, longitude gear shaft 9 is installed in elevation angle pedestal 10 inner sides, longitude gear 8 is connected with longitude gear shaft 9 axle center, longitude gear cap 7 is installed in longitude gear 8 tops, positioning of rotating screw 13 is installed in elevation angle pedestal 10 side bottom, elevation setting screw 16 by the side crosswise fixed on elevation angle pedestal 10, pitching tie down screw 14 is installed in the side of elevation angle pedestal 10 bottoms, and parallel with positioning of rotating screw 13.
Above-described embodiment, the utility model embodiment a kind of more preferably just, the common variation that those skilled in the art carries out in the technical solutions of the utility model scope and replacing all should be included in the protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (3)
1. transit, be fixedly mounted on the tripod and be used with it, it is characterized in that: it comprises through axle seeks star mechanism and the latitude axle is sought star mechanism, and the latitude axle is sought star mechanism and is positioned at through axle and seeks star mechanism top, seeks star mechanism and latitude axle through axle and seeks star mechanism and tighten together by screw.
2. transit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described latitude axle is sought star mechanism and is comprised the pitching seat, clamp ring, the latitude gear, the latitude gear cap, the latitude worm screw, the pitching pedestal, the elevation setting screw, the latitude trimming hand wheel, latitude worm screw axle sleeve, wherein, the pitching seat is installed on the pitching pedestal, clamp ring is between pitching seat and pitching pedestal, the latitude gear is positioned at pitching pedestal top, the latitude gear cap is installed in latitude gear top, the latitude trimming hand wheel is installed in pitching pedestal bottom, the latitude worm screw is between latitude trimming hand wheel and pitching pedestal, latitude worm shaft cover is nested in latitude worm screw outside, and the elevation setting screw is positioned at latitude trimming hand wheel sidepiece.
3. transit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: describedly seek star mechanism through axle and comprise the longitude gear cap, the longitude gear, the longitude gear shaft, elevation angle pedestal, elevation angle platen, elevation angle scale bar, the positioning of rotating screw, the pitching lock-screw, through the axle worm screw, the elevation setting screw, the longitude trimming hand wheel, through axle worm screw axle sleeve, wherein, elevation angle platen is the tabular body with the tripod connection, elevation angle pedestal is positioned at platen top, the elevation angle, the longitude trimming hand wheel is installed in the side of elevation angle pedestal, through the axle worm screw between longitude trimming hand wheel and elevation angle pedestal, be nested in through the axle worm screw outside through axle worm shaft cover, elevation angle scale bar is positioned at elevation angle platen edge lower part, and vertical the placement, the longitude gear shaft is installed in the inner side of elevation angle pedestal, the longitude gear is connected with longitude gear shaft axle center, the longitude gear cap is installed in longitude gear top, the positioning of rotating screw is installed in elevation angle pedestal side bottom, the elevation setting screw by the side crosswise fixed on the pedestal of the elevation angle, the pitching tie down screw is installed in the side of pedestal bottom, the elevation angle, and parallel with the positioning of rotating screw.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010200008706U CN201611255U (en) | 2010-01-12 | 2010-01-12 | Theodolite |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010200008706U CN201611255U (en) | 2010-01-12 | 2010-01-12 | Theodolite |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201611255U true CN201611255U (en) | 2010-10-20 |
Family
ID=42961889
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010200008706U Expired - Fee Related CN201611255U (en) | 2010-01-12 | 2010-01-12 | Theodolite |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN201611255U (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102200631A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2011-09-28 | 福鼎市一雄光学仪器有限公司 | Fine tuning horizon instrument of observation mirror |
| CN102927962A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-02-13 | 天津商业大学 | Three-dimensional rotation measurement device |
| CN103322972A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-09-25 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Shaft system locking device |
| CN103335640A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-10-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十六研究所 | Automatic leveling and gyroscopic orientation sighting device |
-
2010
- 2010-01-12 CN CN2010200008706U patent/CN201611255U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102200631A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2011-09-28 | 福鼎市一雄光学仪器有限公司 | Fine tuning horizon instrument of observation mirror |
| CN102927962A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-02-13 | 天津商业大学 | Three-dimensional rotation measurement device |
| CN102927962B (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-11-12 | 天津商业大学 | Three-dimensional rotation measurement device |
| CN103335640A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-10-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十六研究所 | Automatic leveling and gyroscopic orientation sighting device |
| CN103335640B (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2015-09-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十六研究所 | A kind of automatic leveling and gyrocompassing see collimation device |
| CN103322972A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-09-25 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Shaft system locking device |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20101020 Termination date: 20150112 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |