CN107228656A - Component and monitoring method for monitoring crack Three-direction deformation - Google Patents
Component and monitoring method for monitoring crack Three-direction deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107228656A CN107228656A CN201710589881.9A CN201710589881A CN107228656A CN 107228656 A CN107228656 A CN 107228656A CN 201710589881 A CN201710589881 A CN 201710589881A CN 107228656 A CN107228656 A CN 107228656A
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- retroreflective regions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of component and monitoring method for being used to monitor crack Three-direction deformation.The monitoring assembly includes first assembly and the second component, and the first assembly includes being provided with the first retroreflective regions on the first canned paragraph and the first monitoring section being fixed on the first canned paragraph, the lower surface of first monitoring section；Second component includes being provided with the second retroreflective regions on the second canned paragraph and the second monitoring section being fixed on the second canned paragraph, the lower surface of second monitoring section；Angle between first monitoring section and the first canned paragraph is equal to the angle between the second monitoring section and the second canned paragraph；During monitoring, first monitoring section and the second monitoring section are arranged in parallel；First retroreflective regions are identical with the direction of the second retroreflective regions, and observed from direction.The monitoring assembly and method measurement accuracy of the present invention is high, and strong applicability, measurement accuracy is stable, and simple in construction, easy to use, integrated cost is cheap, and once mounting is the long term monitoring that fracture can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of component and monitoring method for project security monitoring, and in particular to one kind is split for monitoring
Stitch the component and monitoring method of Three-direction deformation.
Background technology
In the industry engineering construction such as water power, traffic, municipal administration, in the presence of a large amount of underground constructions.For example, in cavern excavation
During vault when there is crack, because the scope of operation is larger from the vault discrepancy in elevation, it is artificial directly measure be it is impossible, generally
Unidirectional crack gauge is installed at crack and cable is led into the scope of operation and carries out periodic observation, but this mode can only observe crack
Change width（Unidirectional deformation）, and digging process, being blown out influences, and monitoring instrument and cable hardly result in protection, to not having at present
There is effective vault crack Three-direction deformation monitoring method.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of simple in construction, basic point sets flexible use
In the component and monitoring method of monitoring crack Three-direction deformation, to improve the measurement accuracy of monitoring assembly.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of component for being used to monitor crack Three-direction deformation, including first assembly and second
Component, the first assembly includes the first canned paragraph and the first monitoring section being fixed on the first canned paragraph, first monitoring
The first retroreflective regions are provided with the lower surface of section；Second component includes the second canned paragraph and is fixed on the second canned paragraph
The second monitoring section, be provided with the second retroreflective regions on the lower surface of second monitoring section；First monitoring section and first
Angle between canned paragraph is equal to the angle between the second monitoring section and the second canned paragraph；The length of first monitoring section is more than
The length of second monitoring section；Wherein, the angle is acute angle；
During monitoring, first monitoring section and the second monitoring section are arranged in parallel, and height mutually staggers；First reflective areas
Domain is identical with the direction of the second retroreflective regions, and from direction observation, the second retroreflective regions are located at before the first retroreflective regions
Side.
Using such structure design, the first canned paragraph, the second canned paragraph can directly or indirectly be fixed on crack side,
Experience the deformation of crack side, the first monitoring section, the second monitoring section are deformed therewith, reflect the deformation in crack；
In use, first assembly can be fixed on to the side in crack, the second component is fixed on to the opposite side in crack, simultaneously so that
First monitoring section and the second monitoring section are in the state, the change of such first monitoring section and the second monitoring section relative position of being parallel to each other
Change can reflect the deformation in crack；Pass through a certain site on a certain site on the first monitoring section of measurement and the second monitoring section
On two time points, the situation of change of the horizontal range in two sites, difference in height and horizontal displacement difference, correspondingly, according to
The position relationship of first assembly, the second component and crack, can obtain a fission shape in crack, horizontal displacement and deform and wrong up and down
Position deformation.Wherein, open to split and be deformed into the crack both sides modified difference that vertical fracture is moved towards in the horizontal direction；Horizontal displacement is deformed into
Crack both sides are in the horizontal direction along the modified difference of fracture strike；Dislocation is deformed into crack both sides in the vertical direction up and down
Modified difference.
Further, first retroreflective regions and the second retroreflective regions it is main by can reflection light reflecting coating or anti-
Mating plate is constituted.
Preferably, the first retroreflective regions are arranged at position of the lower surface close to the first monitoring section lower end of the first monitoring section；
Second retroreflective regions are arranged at position of the lower surface close to the second monitoring section lower end of the second monitoring section
Further, the first assembly and the second component are made by rigid material, and using rigid material, such as steel plate can
To reduce the measurement error caused by component self-deformation, monitoring accuracy is further improved.
Further, the 3rd component of " Z " font is included, the 3rd component includes the upper flat section and lower flat section being parallel to each other
And connection on flat section and lower flat section bending segment.
By the setting of the 3rd component of " Z " font, by the way that the upper flat section of the 3rd component to be fixed on to certain side in crack,
And make it that flat section stretches to opposite side under it, so first assembly and the second member parallel in fractuer direction can be arranged on crack
The same side, facilitate putting for total powerstation, with gathered data.
Further, the first assembly or the second component are fixed in lower flat section, and first assembly or the second component are with
The projection of flat section in the horizontal direction is mutually perpendicular to.
Upper flat section is by the displacement transfer of crack side to lower flat section, so by first assembly and the second component in crack
Side be the monitoring that fracture Three-direction deformation can be achieved, the monitoring in some cracks can be facilitated, for example, to some domes
Longitudinal crack, need to also be by equipment such as total powerstations, by the booster action of the 3rd component during due to monitoring, first assembly, the
Two components are installed on the same side in crack, and installation direction is parallel with crack, during monitoring, only need to adjust total powerstation in fractuer direction
Position, limited without being laterally adjusted scope by domes, be readily available the high monitoring result of the degree of accuracy so that
Solve the monitoring problem of the Three-direction deformation of the longitudinal crack of domes.
Further, it is convenient that 3rd component is solid by swell fixture etc. at least provided with two circular holes in the upper flat section
Determine part and be firmly secured at crack side so that the change of the 3rd module position reflects the change in crack as precisely as possible
Change.
Further, improved on first canned paragraph and/or the second canned paragraph at least provided with two circular holes when fixing
Stability, so as to further improve monitoring precision.
Present invention also offers a kind of system for monitoring crack Three-direction deformation, including total powerstation and above-mentioned it is used to supervise
The component of crack Three-direction deformation is surveyed, total powerstation is for the position between collection sometime point associated component, apart from related data.
The present invention also provides a kind of method using above-mentioned system monitoring Mass Near The Top of Underground Cavity crack Three-direction deformation, including as follows
Step：
（1）System for monitoring crack Three-direction deformation is installed using one of following two methods according to field condition：
Method 1：The first assembly is fixed on the outside of crack perpendicular to fractuer direction；Relatively, by the second component perpendicular to
Fractuer direction is fixed on the opposite side in crack；
So that, first monitoring section is parallel to each other with the second monitoring section, and height mutually staggers；First retroreflective regions and
The direction of two retroreflective regions is identical, and from direction observation, the second retroreflective regions are located at the front side of the first retroreflective regions；
Method 2：The upper flat section of 3rd component is fixed on the outside of crack perpendicular to fractuer direction, it is another that lower flat section stretches to crack
Side；One of first canned paragraph and the second canned paragraph are fixed in lower flat section parallel to fractuer direction, first is fixed
The other of section and the second canned paragraph are fixed on the same side parallel to fractuer direction；
So that, first assembly and the second component are located at the same side in crack；First monitoring section and the second monitoring section are mutually put down
OK, height mutually staggers；First retroreflective regions are identical with the direction of the second retroreflective regions, and observed from direction, the
Two retroreflective regions are located at the front side of the first retroreflective regions；
（2）Set up total powerstation and adjust the installation position of total powerstation so that the rearsight of total powerstation sight the first retroreflective regions or
Perpendicular to the first retroreflective regions or the second retroreflective regions during the second retroreflective regions；
（3）Measure first：The center A points of the first retroreflective regions, read level angle beta are sighted with rearsightA0, vertical angle αA0With it is oblique
Away from DA0；Rearsight is sighted to the center B points of the second retroreflective regions, read level angle betaB0, vertical angle αB0With oblique distance DB0；According to several
What relation, is calculated, and obtains the point X of A, B two that measures first to horizontal range difference X0, Y-direction horizontal range difference Y0With Z-direction height
Poor Z0；
Wherein, X with cavern to move towards parallel direction, and Y-direction is moves towards vertical direction with cavern in the horizontal plane, and Z-direction is
Elevation direction；
（4）Period measurement：Using step（3）In the method and computational methods that measure first, obtain A, B two of the i-th period measurement
Horizontal range Xi, the difference in height Zi and horizontal displacement difference Yi of point, wherein i are positive integer；
（5）When calculating acquisition ith period measurement respectively, X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction deformation values：
Ith period measurement X-direction deformation values Δ Xi=Xi–X0=(DAi–DBi)/cosαAi–(DA0–DB0)/cosαA0；
Ith period measurement Y-direction deformation values Δ Yi=Yi–Y0=(βBi–βAi)/206265*DBi/sinβAi–(βB0–βA0)/
206265*DB0/sinβA0；
Ith period measurement Z-direction deformation values Δ Zi=Zi–Z0=(αBi–αAi)/206265*DBi–(αB0–αA0)/206265*DB0；
When the component installed using method 1 is measured, Δ XiRepresent crack fission shape, Δ YiRepresent flaw level dislocation
Deformation, Δ ZiMisplace deformation above and below representative；
When the component installed using method 2 is measured, Δ XiRepresent flaw level dislocation deformation, Δ YiCrack is represented to split
Deformation, Δ ZiMisplace deformation above and below representative.
When wherein, using 1 mounting assembly of method, the main direction along vertical fracture of adjustment of total powerstation settlement is carried out,
Suitable for the situation of the more broadness of space in the vertical direction in crack；During using 2 mounting assembly of method, the tune of total powerstation settlement
Whole main edge is carried out parallel to the direction in crack, it is adaptable to parallel to the situation of the more broadness of space in fractuer direction.
Further, if measurement basic point is identical every time（That is the fixed base point of total powerstation）, above formula can further be optimized for：
ΔXi=[(DAi–DBi)–(DA0 –DB0)]/cosαA0；
ΔYi=[(βBi–βAi)–(βB0–βA0)]/206265*DA0/sinβA0；
ΔZi=[(αBi–αAi)–(αB0–αA0)]/206265*DA0。
Further, 2 points of A, B horizontal range Xi, difference in height ZiWith horizontal displacement difference YiEquation below is respectively adopted
Calculate and obtain：
Xi=E+(DAi-DBi)/cosαAi；
Yi=(βBi-βAi)/206265*DBi/sinβA0；
Zi=(αB0-αA0)/206265*DBi；
Wherein, i is natural number, and E is fixed value.
Because measurement target is basically identical, various influence precision factors are identical, therefore there are higher measurement accuracy, measurement base
Point can not also be fixed, and excavate scope of operation driving to measurement work without influence, cheap because modular construction is simple, even if group
Part destruction can be reinstalled（Or disposably install multigroup）Excessive loss, a kind of underground engineering vault crack of can yet be regarded as are not caused yet
Three-direction deformation monitors effective monitoring means.
Compared with prior art, it is of the invention to have the advantages that：
（1）Measuring method is not limited by base position, and measurement accuracy is high, suitable around crack by the way that monitoring assembly is installed on
At position, the Three-direction deformation situation in crack, total station survey are truly reflected using the relative change of position between monitoring assembly
Target is basically identical, and various influence precision factors are identical, and influence factor is less, is readily obtained high measurement accuracy；
（2）Strong applicability, strong antijamming capability, measurement accuracy is stable, and component is exquisite, occupies little space, does not influence other to construct,
Also it is not readily susceptible to the adverse effect of other constructions；
（3）The modular construction of the present invention is simple, and easy to use, integrated cost is cheap, and once mounting is the length that fracture can be achieved
Phase monitors.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural scheme of mechanism for being used to monitor the component of crack Three-direction deformation of the present invention：（a）First assembly,（b）The
Two components,（c）3rd component；（d）First retroreflective regions and the second retroreflective regions.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation in two kinds of cracks at the top of domes：（a）Transverse crack,（b）Longitudinal crack.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation for the monitoring assembly installed by method 1 in the present invention：（a）Left view,（b）Front view,
（c）Top view.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation for the monitoring assembly installed by method 2 in the present invention：（a）Left view,（b）Front view,
（c）Top view.
Fig. 5 is the crack measuring principle schematic diagram that monitoring assembly in Fig. 3 is used in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the crack measuring principle schematic diagram that monitoring assembly in Fig. 4 is used in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the opening degree measured value comparison process line of the Three-direction deformation monitoring assembly and poor resistive slit gauge of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-first assembly；2-the first retroreflective regions；3-the second component；4-the second retroreflective regions；5-expansion
Bolt；6-transverse crack；7-the three component；8-total powerstation；9-total powerstation rearsight；αA- A point vertical angles；αB- B points are erected
Right angle；DA- A point oblique distances；DB- B point oblique distances；X-A, B point X are to distance；2 Y-direction distances of Y-A, B；Z-A, B point Z-direction distance.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing and in conjunction with the embodiments.It should be noted that in the feelings not conflicted
Under condition, the embodiment in the present invention and the feature in embodiment can be mutually combined.For sake of convenience, hereinafter as occurred
" on ", " under ", "left", "right" printed words, only represent that the upper and lower, left and right direction with accompanying drawing in itself is consistent, does not limit structure
It is set for using.
Fig. 1 is the structural scheme of mechanism for being used to monitor the component of crack Three-direction deformation of the first embodiment of the invention, tool
Body, this is used for the component for monitoring crack Three-direction deformation, including the component 3 of first assembly 1 and second, and the first assembly 1 includes
First canned paragraph 101 and the first monitoring section 102 being fixed on the first canned paragraph 101, the lower surface of first monitoring section 102
On be provided with the first retroreflective regions 2；Second component 3 includes the second canned paragraph 301 and is fixed on the second canned paragraph 301
The second retroreflective regions 4 are provided with second monitoring section 302, the lower surface of second monitoring section 302；First monitoring section
102 and the first angle between canned paragraph 101 be equal to angle between the second monitoring section 302 and the second canned paragraph 301；Described
The length of one monitoring section 102 is more than the length of the second monitoring section 302（See Fig. 1）；
During monitoring, first monitoring section 102 and the second monitoring section 302 are arranged in parallel, and height mutually staggers；Described first
Retroreflective regions 2 are identical with the direction of the second retroreflective regions 4, and from direction observation, it is reflective that the second retroreflective regions 4 are located at first
The front side in region 2（See Fig. 3 and Fig. 4）.
First retroreflective regions 2 and the second retroreflective regions 4 are constituted by reflecting piece, and reflecting piece is attached into corresponding position i.e.
Can.
The component 3 of first assembly 1 and second is made by rigid material；First canned paragraph 101 and the second canned paragraph 301 are up to
Less provided with two circular holes.
In present embodiment, first assembly 1 is stainless steel slab, and processing length is 500mm, a width of 60mm, and thickness is
5.0mm, transfers at left end 100mm, and 45 degree of angle of transferring, the axis centre of the first canned paragraph 101 adds from two-end-point 30mm
Two circular holes of Ф 10 of work；First retroreflective regions are made up of standard 60mm × 60mm reflecting pieces, are pasted（Carry adhesive sticker）First
The bottom of monitoring section 102 indicates A as measurement；Second component 3 is also stainless steel slab, and processing length is 300mm, a width of 60mm,
Thickness is 5.0mm, at right-hand member 100mm transfer, transfer 135 degree of angle, horizontal segment axis centre from two-end-point 30mm at
Process two circular holes of Ф 10；Second retroreflective regions are made up of standard 60mm × 60mm reflecting pieces, are pasted（Carry adhesive sticker）
The bottom of two monitoring section 302 indicates B as measurement, and installation expansion bolt 5 is the self-expanding bolts of standard Ф 8, often covers Three-direction deformation
Monitoring assembly is equipped with 4 expansion bolts.
The second component 2 is arranged on front side of transverse crack in Fig. 3, and first assembly 1 is arranged on rear side of transverse crack, first assembly
It is consistent as far as possible in axis direction with the second component, interval width is tried one's best consistent with crack original width.
Fig. 4 is the scheme of installation of the monitoring assembly of second of embodiment of the invention.The embodiment and the first reality
The difference for applying mode essentially consists in and has added the 3rd component 7, and the 3rd component 7 is stainless steel plate, and processing length is 350mm,
Wide 60mm, thick 5.0mm, transfer at steel plate right-hand member 100mm, transfer 90 degree of angle, the reverse snapback at turning point 50mm
90 degree, in Z-shaped structure；Upper level 701 axis centres of section are from being machined with two circular holes of Ф 10 at two-end-point 30mm；Install and use
Expansion bolt 5 is the self-expanding bolts of standard Ф 8, often covers Three-direction deformation monitoring assembly and is equipped with 4 expansion bolts.
The setting of 3rd component 7 can facilitate the monitoring to longitudinal crack at the top of domes, during monitoring, first assembly 1
The left side of longitudinal crack is fixed on by expansion bolt 5, the second fixing end 302 is welded in the lower flat section 703 of the 3rd component 7,
Second component 3 and the 3rd component 7 are mutually perpendicular in the projection of horizontal plane, will weld the 3rd component 7 of the second component 3 by swollen
Swollen bolt 5 is fixed on the right side of longitudinal crack, and the 3rd component 7 is transversely to the machine direction crack, the second component 3 parallel to longitudinal crack,
Ensure that the monitoring section of the component of first assembly 1 and second is consistent in axis direction as far as possible after installation as far as possible.
So far, underground engineering vault crack Three-direction deformation monitoring assembly processing installation.
The present invention is further described with reference to the monitoring to certain underground pilot plant room cavern vault crack.
Certain underground pilot plant room, main building cavern size be 388.5m × 28.5m (31.3m) × 74.5m (it is long × wide ×
It is high), point 9 layers of excavation when being excavated to the 4th layer, it is found that crack occurs in vault, i.e., machined 3 groups of underground engineerings by such scheme
Vault crack Three-direction deformation monitoring assembly is simultaneously installed, wherein 2 groups be transverse crack, 1 group be forward crack, set in clipping room platform
Put fixed measuring point row distance, horizontal angle and vertical angle are entered to 2 reflecting pieces of Three-direction deformation monitoring assembly and be observed, use
The survey time of TCA2003 total powerstations 4 is measured, and has carried out the measurement of 12 phases, and poor resistive slit gauge is at the same time installed in crack Zhang Lie directions,
Cable is indexed into the scope of operation to observe using readout instrument, Measurement results show, underground engineering vault crack Three-direction deformation monitoring group
Part and measuring method can truly reflect crack Three-direction deformation, and the forward fracture aperture direction measured value measured using two kinds of means is contrasted
Graph is shown in Fig. 7, and with poor resistive slit gauge comparison of results, fracture aperture Direction distortion achievement difference is within ± 0.5mm, explanation
Underground engineering vault crack Three-direction deformation monitoring measuring method measurement accuracy is high, meets code requirement, compared with traditional crack gauge,
With following advantage：One is disposable measurement three, crack Direction distortion；Two be contactless, after once mounting, can be whole
The individual construction stage uses；Three be the shortcoming for avoiding traditional crack gauge cable construction stage from being difficult protection, even if destroyed, due into
This is cheap, covers component installation or once mounting again, it is ensured that the systematicness and integrality of Monitoring Result more.
Verified through real work, invention components are simple in construction, with low cost, steel structure can effectively prevent construction broken
Bad, measuring method is not limited by base position, measurement accuracy high, integrated cost is low, effect is good.
The content that above-described embodiment is illustrated should be understood to that these embodiments are only used for being illustrated more clearly that the present invention, without
For limiting the scope of the present invention, after the present invention has been read, the various equivalent form of values of the those skilled in the art to the present invention
Modification each fall within the application appended claims limited range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of component for being used to monitor crack Three-direction deformation, it is characterised in that including first assembly（1）With the second component（3）,
The first assembly（1）Including the first canned paragraph（101）Be fixed on the first canned paragraph（101）On the first monitoring section（102）,
First monitoring section（102）Lower surface on be provided with the first retroreflective regions（2）；Second component（3）It is solid including second
Determine section（301）Be fixed on the second canned paragraph（301）On the second monitoring section（302）, second monitoring section（302）Following table
The second retroreflective regions are provided with face（4）；First monitoring section（102）With the first canned paragraph（101）Between angle be equal to
Second monitoring section（302）With the second canned paragraph（301）Between angle；First monitoring section（102）Length be more than second
Monitoring section（302）Length；Wherein, the angle is acute angle；
During monitoring, first monitoring section（102）With the second monitoring section（302）Arranged in parallel, height mutually staggers；It is described
First retroreflective regions（2）With the second retroreflective regions（4）Direction it is identical, and from direction observation, the second retroreflective regions（4）Position
In the first retroreflective regions（2）Front side.
2. the component according to claim 1 for being used to monitor crack Three-direction deformation, it is characterised in that first reflective areas
Domain（2）With the second retroreflective regions（4）It is main by can reflection light reflecting coating or reflecting piece constitute.
3. the component according to claim 1 for being used to monitor crack Three-direction deformation, it is characterised in that the first assembly
（1）With the second component（3）It is made by rigid material.
4. the component according to claim 1 for being used to monitor crack Three-direction deformation, it is characterised in that also including " Z " font
The 3rd component（7）, the 3rd component（7）Including the upper flat section being parallel to each other（701）With lower flat section（703）And flat section in connection
（701）With lower flat section（703）Bending segment（702）.
5. the component according to claim 4 for being used to monitor crack Three-direction deformation, it is characterised in that the first assembly
（1）Or second component（3）It is fixed on lower flat section（703）On, first assembly（1）Or second component（3）With lower flat section（703）In water
Square to projection be mutually perpendicular to.
6. being used for according to claim 4 or 5 monitors the component of crack Three-direction deformation, it is characterised in that the upper flat section
（701）On at least provided with two circular holes.
7. being used for according to any one of claim 1 ~ 6 monitors the component of crack Three-direction deformation, it is characterised in that described the
One canned paragraph（101）And/or second canned paragraph（301）On at least provided with two circular holes.
8. a kind of system for monitoring crack Three-direction deformation, it is characterised in that including total powerstation（8）With claim 1 ~ 7 times
Being used for described in one monitors the component of crack Three-direction deformation.
9. a kind of method of the system monitoring Mass Near The Top of Underground Cavity crack Three-direction deformation described in utilization claim 8, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps：
（1）System for monitoring crack Three-direction deformation is installed using one of following two methods according to field condition：
Method 1：By the first assembly（1）It is fixed on perpendicular to fractuer direction on the outside of crack；Relatively, by the second component（3）
The opposite side in crack is fixed on perpendicular to fractuer direction；
So that, first monitoring section（102）With the second monitoring section（302）It is parallel to each other, height mutually staggers；Described first is anti-
Light region（2）With the second retroreflective regions（4）Direction it is identical, and from direction observation, the second retroreflective regions（4）Positioned at first
Retroreflective regions（2）Front side；
Method 2：By the 3rd component（7）Upper flat section（701）It is fixed on perpendicular to fractuer direction on the outside of crack, lower flat section
（703）Stretch to crack opposite side；By the first canned paragraph（101）With the second canned paragraph（301）One of parallel to fractuer direction
It is fixed on lower flat section（703）On, by the first canned paragraph（101）With the second canned paragraph（301）The other of parallel to crack side
To being fixed on the same side；
So that, first assembly（1）With the second component（3）The same side outside crack；First monitoring section（102）With second
Monitoring section（302）It is parallel to each other, height mutually staggers；First retroreflective regions（2）With the second retroreflective regions（4）Towards phase
Together, and from direction observe, the second retroreflective regions（4）Positioned at the first retroreflective regions（2）Front side；
（2）Set up total powerstation（8）And adjust total powerstation（8）Installation position so that the rearsight of total powerstation（9）Sight first anti-
Light region（2）Or second retroreflective regions（4）When perpendicular to the first retroreflective regions（2）Or second retroreflective regions（4）；
（3）Measure first：Use rearsight（9）Sight the first retroreflective regions（2）Center A points, read level angle betaA0, vertical angle αA0
With oblique distance DA0；By rearsight（9）Sight the second retroreflective regions（4）Center B points, read level angle betaB0, vertical angle αB0And oblique distance
DB0；According to geometrical relationship, calculate, obtain the point X of A, B two that measures first to horizontal range difference X0, Y-direction horizontal range difference Y0
With Z-direction difference in height Z0；
Wherein, X with cavern to move towards parallel direction, and Y-direction is moves towards vertical direction with cavern in the horizontal plane, and Z-direction is
Elevation direction；
（4）Period measurement：Using step（3）In the method and computational methods that measure first, obtain A, B two of the i-th period measurement
The horizontal range X of pointi, difference in height ZiWith horizontal displacement difference Yi, wherein i is positive integer；
（5）When calculating acquisition ith period measurement respectively, X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction deformation values：
Ith period measurement X-direction deformation values Δ Xi=Xi–X0=(DAi–DBi)/cosαAi–(DA0–DB0)/cosαA0；
Ith period measurement Y-direction deformation values Δ Yi=Yi–Y0=(βBi–βAi)/206265*DBi/sinβAi–(βB0–βA0)/
206265*DB0/sinβA0；
Ith period measurement Z-direction deformation values Δ Zi=Zi–Z0=(αBi–αAi)/206265*DBi–(αB0–αA0)/206265*DB0；
When the component installed using method 1 is measured, Δ XiRepresent crack fission shape, Δ YiRepresent flaw level dislocation
Deformation, Δ ZiMisplace deformation above and below representative；
When the component installed using method 2 is measured, Δ XiRepresent flaw level dislocation deformation, Δ YiCrack is represented to split
Deformation, Δ ZiMisplace deformation above and below representative.
10. the method for monitoring crack according to claim 9 Three-direction deformation, it is characterised in that the horizontal range that 2 points of A, B
Xi, difference in height ZiWith horizontal displacement difference YiEquation below is respectively adopted and calculates acquisition：
Xi=E+(DAi-DBi)/COSαAi；
Yi=(βBi-βAi)/206265*DBi/sinβA0；
Zi=(αB0-αA0)/206265*DBi；
Wherein, i is natural number, and E is fixed value.
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