CN111551115A - Method for measuring positioning coordinates of sight-line-blocked component - Google Patents
Method for measuring positioning coordinates of sight-line-blocked component Download PDFInfo
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- CN111551115A CN111551115A CN202010529795.0A CN202010529795A CN111551115A CN 111551115 A CN111551115 A CN 111551115A CN 202010529795 A CN202010529795 A CN 202010529795A CN 111551115 A CN111551115 A CN 111551115A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring the positioning coordinate of a sight-obstructed component, which comprises the following measures and construction processes of presetting a measuring point on the component; erecting an aluminum mirror perpendicular to a horizontal plane beside the measuring point and the total station, and adjusting the angle of the mirror surface to enable the total station to directly observe the mirror image of the measured member, wherein the measuring point on the member is reflected to the mirror to be a mirror image point; establishing a measurement coordinate system projected on a horizontal plane by taking a total station as an origin of coordinates; measuring coordinates of at least two points on the mirror surface through a total station, and calculating to obtain a formula of a straight line where the aluminum mirror is projected in a measurement coordinate system; measuring and recording coordinates of the mirror image point through a total station; according to a formula of a projection straight line of the mirror surface, the relation between the measuring point and the mirror image point is established simultaneously, and coordinate data of the measuring point projected in the measuring seat system is obtained through calculation; the method and the device have the advantages of simple operation, wide applicability and construction time saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a method for measuring the installation accuracy of a steel structural member, and particularly relates to a method for positioning and measuring a sight-line-blocked member.
Background
When the steel structure steel column member is installed, the coordinate value of a steel column needs to be measured, the actual coordinate value is compared with the theoretical coordinate value, and the verticality and the height are corrected according to the coordinate difference, so that the installation precision is guaranteed. In actual construction, however, part of the components cannot be directly measured due to the obstruction of other building structures.
In traditional construction, the location coordinate of measuring the obstructed component of sight has two kinds of modes, one kind is setting up the measurement control point in the place that is close to the component to this carries out the inverse ruler measurement to the component and obtains the location data. The method has large measurement error and limited effect on construction precision.
Another method is to erect the surveying instrument by finding a new position around the site as long as the surveying instrument can directly see the surveying member, which requires replacement of the erection position of the surveying instrument each time a survey is made, which is very labor and time consuming.
The implementation of the above two processing methods depends on whether the environment of the existing place is allowed, and both require that a space or a position for arranging a measurement control point is arranged in the construction site, and a measuring instrument can be erected at the position for directly seeing the measurement point, so that the measurement work in the prior art is limited by the special conditions of the construction environment, and cannot be widely applied to various projects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simple and feasible measuring method without environmental limitation, aiming at solving the problems of the positioning coordinate measuring work of a blocked component in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring the positioning coordinates of a sight-obstructed member comprises the following measures and construction processes:
1) presetting a measuring point on the component;
2) erecting an aluminum mirror perpendicular to a horizontal plane beside the measuring point and the total station, and adjusting the angle of the mirror surface to enable the total station to directly observe the mirror image of the measured member, wherein the measuring point on the member is reflected to the mirror to be a mirror image point;
3) establishing a measurement coordinate system projected on a horizontal plane by taking a total station as an origin of coordinates;
4) measuring coordinates of at least two points on the mirror surface through a total station, and calculating to obtain a formula of a straight line where the aluminum mirror is projected in a measurement coordinate system;
5) measuring and recording coordinates of the mirror image point through a total station;
6) according to a formula of a projection straight line of the mirror surface, the relation between the measuring point and the mirror image point is established simultaneously, and coordinate data of the measuring point projected in the measuring seat system is obtained through calculation;
7) and measuring the coordinate value of the total station on the construction site, thereby calculating the actual coordinate value of the measuring point.
Compared with the traditional retest method, the method overcomes the defects of troublesome operation, labor consumption and time waste, directly measures in one step according to the specular reflection principle, converts the difficult space problem into the simple plane mathematic problem, greatly improves the construction safety coefficient, has simple operation and wide applicability, and can effectively save the installation and correction time in the construction process.
In the scheme, the aluminum mirror is erected through a tripod or is fixed on the existing structure by adopting a magnetic suction support.
In the above method, the process of calculating the coordinates of the measurement points in the two-dimensional plane coordinate system is:
1) setting: the measurement point is A, and the mirror image point is B.
Setting: the coordinates of A are (a, B) and the coordinates of B are (c, d).
2) A, B is symmetrical based on the straight line L of the mirror surface, the midpoint coordinate of the A-B connecting line is ((a + c)/2, (B + d)/2), and the point is on the known straight line L.
3) Substituting the points ((a + c)/2, (b + d)/2) into the equation of the known straight line L can obtain a bivariate first order equation (1) about a and b:
4) since the line a-B intersects the line L perpendicularly, the product of the slopes of the two lines is-1, i.e., k1 × k2 is-1, where the slope k1 of the line L is known, and the slope k2 of the line a-B is: k2 ═ 1/k 1;
5) a, B two-point coordinate generationEntering the equation for slope of the straight line, k2 ═ 1/k1 (b-d)/(a-c), we get a linear equation of two (2) for a, b:
6) and (3) simultaneous two-dimensional linear equations (1) and (2) to obtain a two-dimensional linear equation set, and solving to obtain a value and a value b, namely the coordinate (a, b) of the measurement point A.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of elements of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the measurement point calculation principle.
In the figure: other building structures 1, measuring points 2, mirror surfaces 3, mirror image points 4, other components 5, total stations 6.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail, clearly and completely with reference to the attached drawings 1-2.
The invention uses the mirror surface imaging principle, uses the aluminum mirror to see the measuring point 2 of the measured component, the total station 6 can measure the straight line from the mirror image point, firstly uses the total station to measure the coordinate of the mirror image point 4, and then uses the coordinate of the mirror image point 4 to calculate the actual coordinate of the measured point.
In the method, the aluminum mirror is vertically arranged, and the elevation value of a measuring point 2 on the Z axis is the same as the elevation value of a virtual image measuring point (also called as a mirror image point 4) in the mirror. The member measuring point 2 is distinguished from the coordinate values of the virtual image in the mirror thereof only in the horizontal direction, and the coordinates of the two points are symmetrical based on the reflecting surface, and therefore, only the coordinate values of the measuring point based on the horizontal plane need to be calculated.
Through the analysis, after the coordinates of the mirror image point 4 are measured, the calculation of the coordinates of the measuring point 2 can be simplified into the calculation of the values of the X axis and the Y axis on the two-dimensional plane coordinate system. The measurement point 2 and the mirror point 4 are symmetrical with respect to the mirror plane 3, so that the following relationship is known: the measurement point A and the virtual image point B are symmetrical based on the reflecting surface straight line L. The A-B connecting line is vertical to the L, and the slope product of the two lines is as follows: -1.
One of the two points is determined directly, so that the formula of the straight line L in a two-dimensional plane coordinate system can be obtained by measuring any two auxiliary measuring points on the mirror surface. The midpoint of the A-B connecting line is on the straight line L of the reflecting surface, and the midpoint coordinate accords with the formula relation of the straight line L. And the relation between the measuring point and the mirror image point is combined, and the positioning coordinate data of the actual measuring point on the member in a two-dimensional plane coordinate system can be obtained after the coordinate of the mirror image point is measured.
Based on the inventive concept, the method for measuring the positioning coordinate of the sight-line-blocked member provided by the invention comprises the following specific construction processes:
1) a measurement point on the member is preset.
2) Because the measuring point 2 is blocked by other building structures 1, an aluminum mirror vertical to the horizontal plane is erected beside the measuring point 2 and the total station 6, the angle of the mirror surface 3 is adjusted, so that the mirror image of the measured member can be directly observed from the view angle of the total station 6, and the measuring point 2 on the member is reflected into the mirror to be the mirror image point 4.
3) And establishing a measurement coordinate system projected on a horizontal plane by taking the total station as an origin of coordinates.
4) And (3) measuring the coordinates of at least two points on the mirror surface 3 through the total station, and calculating to obtain a formula of a straight line where the mirror surface 3 is projected in a measurement coordinate system.
5) The coordinates of the mirror point 4 are measured and recorded by the total station.
6) And (3) according to a formula of a projection straight line of the mirror surface 3, simultaneously establishing the relation between the measuring point 2 and the mirror image point 4, and calculating to obtain coordinate data of the measuring point 2 projected in the measuring coordinate system.
7) And measuring the coordinate value of the total station 6 on the construction site, thereby calculating the actual coordinate value of the measuring point.
In the method, the mirror surface is erected under the construction platform through a tripod, and the magnetic support can also be fixed on the surfaces of other components 5.
Referring to fig. 2, the process of calculating the coordinates of the measurement points in the two-dimensional plane coordinate system of the present invention is:
1) setting: the measuring point is A, and the mirror image point is B;
setting: the coordinates of A are (a, B) and the coordinates of B are (c, d).
2) A, B is symmetrical based on the straight line L of the mirror surface, the midpoint coordinate of the A-B connecting line is ((a + c)/2, (B + d)/2), and the point is on the known straight line L.
3) Substituting the points ((a + c)/2, (b + d)/2) into the equation of the known straight line L can obtain a bivariate first order equation (1) about a and b:
4) since the line a-B intersects the line L perpendicularly, the product of the slopes of the two lines is-1, i.e., k1 × k2 is-1, where the slope k1 of the line L is known, and the slope k2 of the line a-B is: k2 ═ 1/k 1;
5) and (3) substituting A, B two-point coordinates into a straight-line slope formula, wherein k2 is (b-d)/(a-c) is-1/k 1, so as to obtain a linear equation (2) of a, b:
6) and (3) simultaneous two-dimensional linear equations (1) and (2) to obtain a two-dimensional linear equation set, and solving to obtain a value and a value b, namely the coordinate (a, b) of the measurement point A.
The measurement method of the present invention is specifically described below by way of specific examples:
firstly, a measured component is determined, the measured component is positioned behind other building structures, the sight line of a total station is blocked, direct measurement cannot be conducted, an aluminum mirror is arranged beside the measured component, and the mirror surface is vertical to the horizontal plane.
Then, the angle of the aluminum mirror is adjusted, so that a virtual image of the measurement point, referred to as a mirror image point in this description, can be seen through the mirror surface within the view angle of the total station.
And thirdly, erecting the total station, and establishing a two-dimensional plane coordinate system by taking the position of the total station as an original point, wherein the two-dimensional plane is a measuring point, an aluminum image and a plane projection of the total station. In the two-dimensional plane coordinate system, the position coordinate of the total station is (0,0),
and fourthly, two points are arbitrarily selected on the mirror surface, the coordinates of the two points are respectively measured, and then the formula of the straight line L where the mirror surface is located is calculated, in the example, the angle of the mirror surface is 45 degrees relative to the X axis and the Y axis. The formula for L is: y is x +4, and the slope k1 of L is 1.
And fifthly, obtaining coordinates of a mirror image point (4, 10) by using a total station.
A sixth step of substituting the values into equations (1) (2):
and seventhly, simultaneously establishing equations (1) and (2), and calculating and solving the following steps: a is 7, b is 8,
the measurement point B coordinates are (7, 8).
And finally, moving the origin of the two-dimensional plane coordinate system to the actual origin of coordinates of the construction site, so as to measure the actual coordinates (x, y) of the total station in the coordinate system of the construction site, wherein the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the measurement point A projected on the construction site are (7+ x, 8+ y).
The calculation in the method can input an equation function in advance in an EXCEL table, and the coordinate data of the mirror image point is input when repeated measurement is carried out, so that the coordinate of the measurement point can be quickly obtained.
Compared with the traditional retest method, the method overcomes the defects of troublesome operation, labor consumption and time waste, directly measures in one step according to the specular reflection principle, converts the difficult practical problem into the simple plane mathematical problem, greatly improves the construction safety coefficient, has simple operation and wide applicability, and can effectively save the installation and correction time in the construction process. The method can be widely suitable for various unfavorable measurement environments, can ensure the accuracy of results, and can measure the positioning coordinates of the component under safe conditions.
Claims (3)
1. A method for measuring the positioning coordinates of a sight-obstructed member comprises the following measures and construction processes:
1) presetting a measuring point on the component;
2) erecting an aluminum mirror perpendicular to a horizontal plane beside the measuring point and the total station, and adjusting the angle of the mirror surface to enable the total station to directly observe the mirror image of the measured member, wherein the measuring point on the member is reflected to the mirror to be a mirror image point;
3) establishing a measurement coordinate system projected on a horizontal plane by taking a total station as an origin of coordinates;
4) measuring coordinates of at least two points on the mirror surface through a total station, and calculating to obtain a formula of a straight line where the aluminum mirror is projected in a measurement coordinate system;
5) measuring and recording coordinates of the mirror image point through a total station;
6) according to a formula of a projection straight line of the mirror surface, the relation between the measuring point and the mirror image point is established simultaneously, and coordinate data of the measuring point projected in the measuring seat system is obtained through calculation;
7) and measuring the coordinate value of the total station on the construction site, thereby calculating the actual coordinate value of the measuring point.
2. The method of measuring the positioning coordinates of a sight-obstructing member according to claim 1, wherein: the aluminum mirror is erected through a tripod or is fixed on an existing component by adopting a magnetic support.
3. The method of measuring the positioning coordinates of a sight-obstructing member according to claim 1, wherein: the process of calculating the coordinates of the measuring points in the two-dimensional plane coordinate system is as follows:
1) setting: the measuring point is A, and the mirror image point is B;
setting: coordinates of A are (a, B), coordinates of B are (c, d);
2) a, B is symmetrical based on the straight line L of the mirror surface, the midpoint coordinate of the A-B connecting line is ((a + c)/2, (B + d)/2), and the point is on the known straight line L;
3) substituting the points ((a + c)/2, (b + d)/2) into the equation of the known straight line L can obtain a bivariate first order equation (1) about a and b:
4) since the line a-B intersects the line L perpendicularly, the product of the slopes of the two lines is-1, i.e., k1 × k2 is-1, where the slope k1 of the line L is known, and the slope k2 of the line a-B is: k2 ═ 1/k 1;
5) the coordinates of A, B points are substituted into the formula of slope of straight line, k2 is equal to(b-d)/(a-c) — 1/k1, yielding a one-dimensional equation (2) for a, b:
6) and (3) simultaneous two-dimensional linear equations (1) and (2) to obtain a two-dimensional linear equation set, and solving to obtain a value and a value b, namely the coordinate (a, b) of the measurement point A.
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| CN202010529795.0A CN111551115A (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2020-06-11 | Method for measuring positioning coordinates of sight-line-blocked component |
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| CN202010529795.0A CN111551115A (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2020-06-11 | Method for measuring positioning coordinates of sight-line-blocked component |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112361187A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-12 | 郭真琴 | BIM-based construction measurement lofting device and lofting method thereof |
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Patent Citations (10)
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| DE1941692B2 (en) * | 1968-08-21 | 1972-07-20 | Hughes Aircraft Co., Culver City, Calif. (V.StA.) | FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM |
| US6600553B1 (en) * | 1998-11-03 | 2003-07-29 | National Institute Of Science And Technology U.S. Dept Of Commerce | Three degree-of-freedom telescoping geometry scanner |
| WO2007130314A2 (en) * | 2006-05-02 | 2007-11-15 | Telesis Technologies, Inc. | Flexible laser safety curtain |
| US8946606B1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2015-02-03 | Arete Associates | Determining angular rate for line-of-sight to a moving object, with a body-fixed imaging sensor |
| CN101349554A (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-01-21 | 北京农学院 | Non-communicating view point conductor bar and its use method |
| JP2013067215A (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2013-04-18 | Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc | Camera device for monitoring movable platform fence |
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| CN112361187A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-12 | 郭真琴 | BIM-based construction measurement lofting device and lofting method thereof |
| CN112361187B (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-10-04 | 梅州创丰建设工程有限公司 | BIM-based construction measurement lofting device and lofting method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200818 |