CN106524939B - A kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring method and monitoring system - Google Patents
A kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring method and monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106524939B CN106524939B CN201610936136.2A CN201610936136A CN106524939B CN 106524939 B CN106524939 B CN 106524939B CN 201610936136 A CN201610936136 A CN 201610936136A CN 106524939 B CN106524939 B CN 106524939B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring method, comprise the following steps：1st, three summits of the triangle reflection frame of opposite side are measured respectively using the laser range finder of crack side, measures three summits of triangle reflection frame to the distance of laser range finder center probe, vertical angle and horizontal angle；2nd, repeat step 1, obtains the data of different times measurement；3rd, the data measured according to different times calculate the change in location on three summits of triangle reflection frame, obtain the space coordinate change in crack.Invention also provides crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring system, including laser range finder and triangle reflection frame, laser range finder and triangle reflection frame are fixed on ground by monitoring pier, and three summits of triangle reflection frame are provided with a total reflection prism.The present invention is simple in construction, high-precision, facilitate easy-to-use, good reliability, is adapted to landslide or other geological disaster fracturing crack 3 D stereo monitorings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring method and monitoring system, belong to engineering geologic fissure and ground
Matter disaster fracturing Crack Monitoring field.
Background technology
The high cutting-slope group population concentration residential areas that are distributed in roadside and with " steep ", " height " more in reservoir area of Three Gorges
Morphological feature, the serious security of the lives and property for being related to relocation of people from reservoir areas of state quality and the economic construction activity of its stability are right
Take monitoring measure very necessary in it.Surface cracks change is the key parameter and important table for judging landslide Stability Analysis
Levy, it is monitored as the important ring in landslide monitoring, essential.
The domestic monitoring means to surface cracks is mainly to measure the displacement meter that fracture width changes by kinds of schemes,
Such as：The poor resistive of based on foil gauge, based on fiber grating, based on convergence gauge, based on crack sensors and LF types is split
Seam meter.Above-mentioned collection Instrumental is generally the monitoring means of single dimension, and monitoring information is excessively simple.Chinese Academy of Sciences's geology and the earth
Physical study is based on the three-dimensional cracking instrument of special three-dimensional slide measure design and the mechanical crack of IGG-1 types of Li Xiao designs
Meter, can preferably react the three-dimensional numerical value change in crack, but Mechanical Design makes its precision still have further room for promotion.State
External surface cracks monitoring possesses many special instruments, such as the JM series of slits meter of Roctest companies of Canada, PF25 cracks
Meter, the crack gauge of REPP drone versions slit gauge, the type vibration wire slit gauge of SOIL companies of Britain and the production of other companies, crack
Meter, displacement meter (multiple spot) and land movement meter, can not all realize that the earth's surface three-dimensional state in crack is monitored, or monitoring accuracy is low
Without reference value.In addition with based on the technology fracture such as INSAR, 3 D laser scanning and GPS, micro rupture imaging
The monitoring of distribution and law of development, but it is excessively macroscopical, it is impossible to the growth course in the single crack of precision monitor, or can only be anti-
Reflect the settling characteristics of ground fissure.
Because ground fissure factors caused crack is numerous, its deformation process is necessarily complicated, solid, the ground cleave gap-like of single dimension
State variation monitoring is not enough to react its deformation behaviour and genesis mechanism.Therefore, to the three-dimensional state variation monitoring side of surface cracks
Method is significant.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring method and monitoring
System, simple in construction, reasonable in design, technology maturation, high accuracy, cost performance are high, facilitate easy-to-use, can monitor landslide or geology calamity
The crack three-dimensional state change of evil fracturing, is suitable for engineering geology field and uses.
The present invention is for the technical scheme that is used of its technical problem of solution：Change there is provided a kind of crack three-dimensional state and supervise
Survey method, comprises the following steps：
(1) using being fixed on the laser range finder of crack side to being fixed on three of the triangle reflection frame of crack opposite side
Summit is measured respectively, and the laser that laser range finder is launched during measurement every time is by positioned at the complete of three summits of triangle reflection frame
Reflecting prism reflect so that three summits for measuring triangle reflection frame arrive respectively laser range finder center probe distance, vertically
Angle and horizontal angle；
(2) repeat step (1), obtains the data of different times measurement；
(3) data measured according to different times calculate the change in location on three summits of triangle reflection frame, obtain crack
Space coordinate change.
When step (1) is measured, plane where triangle reflection frame is parallel with fracture strike.
A target, the target are respectively provided with by the total reflection prism on three summits of step (1) the triangle reflection frame
Distance away from its nearest total reflection prism is identical with distance of the laser ranging instrument probe away from laser range finder auxiliary lamp, during measurement,
Laser range finder auxiliary lamp is aimed at into target, prismatic reflection is totally reflected with the laser for causing laser range finder to launch.
Step (2) data for obtaining different times measurement, period is every according to geological activity and fracture development feelings at that time
Condition determines that interval is 10 days to one month.
Step (3) data measured according to different times calculate the change in location on three summits of triangle reflection frame,
Specifically include the gross space change and stage space change of each point：
Summit A gross space variable quantity is：
Summit A stage space variable quantity is：
Summit B gross space variable quantity is：
Summit B stage space variable quantity is：
Summit C gross space variable quantity is：
Summit C stage space variable quantity is：
Wherein, i ∈ [2, n], n is measurement period sum, A (Δ xA,ΔyA,ΔzA)、B(ΔxB,ΔyB,ΔzB) and
C(ΔxC,ΔyC,ΔzC) respectively represent summit A, B and C location variation,WithIth is represented respectively
During monitoring summit A, B and C to laser range finder center probe distance,WithRepresent to push up during ith monitoring respectively
Point A, B and C to laser range finder center probe vertical angle,WithSummit A, B and C during ith monitoring are represented respectively
To the horizontal angle of laser range finder center probe.
Invention also provides a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring system of monitoring method, including position respectively
Laser range finder and triangle reflection frame in crack both sides, laser range finder and the triangle reflection frame are consolidated by monitoring pier respectively
Due to ground；Three summits of the triangle reflection frame are respectively equipped with a total reflection prism.
A target is respectively provided with by the total reflection prism of three apexes of triangle reflection frame, the target is nearest away from its
The distance of total reflection prism is identical with distance of the laser ranging instrument probe away from laser range finder auxiliary lamp.
The triangle reflection frame is except the whole application black in the position of total reflection prism.
The present invention is had advantageous effect in that based on its technical scheme：
(1) present invention obtains the spatial variations data of crack both sides Dian Yumian positions using the mode of laser ranging, can
The spatial variations dynamic in crack is accurately reflected, the three dimensional change state in crack is obtained, due to the mode technology maturation of laser ranging,
Its precision is higher relative to the metering system of ultrasonic wave, machinery, reasonable in design, can more accurately measure the three-dimensional change in crack
Change state；
(2) measuring method of the invention uses this contactless metering system of laser ranging, has surveyed detachable, has compared
In Mechanical measurement mode is more affected by environment, not moisture-sensitive；
(3) it is two survey piers that measuring method of the invention, which mainly builds facility, when the laser range finder used is non-measured still
Available for elsewhere, it is mature technology, reliability that measuring method, which integrally puts into involved instrument in small, good economy performance, whole method,
Good, maintenance is small；
(4) measuring method of the invention can reflect the change of triangle reflection rack-like state with three total reflection prism points, due to
Triangle reflection frame is parallel with fracture planes, and the three-dimensional state change of crack section can be obtained indirectly, passes through many phase various dimensions cracks
The monitoring of development information can more fully disclose its development trend and the influence to above ground structure and structures, contribute to more
Good explanation landslide causes calamity mechanism, high cutting-slope development characteristics, mineral products goaf ground fissure to cause calamity mechanism；
(5) crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring system of the invention provides a kind of realization side exclusively for its measuring method
Just target is provided with by, hardware platform simple in construction, the total reflection prism of its apex of triangle parabolic reflector three, is remote ranging
Target benchmark is taken aim in offer, further improves measurement accuracy.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is for overall structure diagram in one embodiment of the present of invention；
Fig. 2 is computational methods schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 laser inclinometer schematic diagrames of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is monitoring pier schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 5 is triangle reflecting plate schematic diagram of the invention
In figure：1 ground, 2 monitoring pier A, 3 laser range finders, 4 triangle reflection framves, 5 monitoring pier B, 31 foot screws, 32 data
Display screen, 33 horizontal rotating discs, 34 laser ranging probes, 35 laser assisted lamps, 36 vertical spirals, 37 operation buttons, 38 horizontal spiral shells
Rotation, 39 bottom screws, 41 total reflection prism A, 42 total reflection prism B, 43 total reflection prism C, 44 targets, 51 preformed holes, 52 prisons
Survey pier pier body.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring method, comprise the following steps：
(1) using being fixed on the laser range finder of crack side to being fixed on three of the triangle reflection frame of crack opposite side
Summit is measured respectively, and the laser that laser range finder is launched during measurement every time is by positioned at the complete of three summits of triangle reflection frame
Reflecting prism reflect so that three summits for measuring triangle reflection frame arrive respectively laser range finder center probe distance, vertically
Angle and horizontal angle；
(2) repeat step (1), obtains the data of different times measurement；
(3) data measured according to different times calculate the change in location on three summits of triangle reflection frame, obtain crack
Space coordinate change.
When step (1) is measured, plane where triangle reflection frame is parallel with fracture strike.
A target, the target are respectively provided with by the total reflection prism on three summits of step (1) the triangle reflection frame
Distance away from its nearest total reflection prism is identical with distance of the laser ranging instrument probe away from laser range finder auxiliary lamp, during measurement,
Laser range finder auxiliary lamp is aimed at into target, prismatic reflection is totally reflected with the laser for causing laser range finder to launch.
Step (2) data for obtaining different times measurement, period is every according to geological activity and fracture development feelings at that time
Condition determines that interval is 10 days to one month：For developing slow ground fissure, general control phase in every month, for
The ground fissure changed greatly can be accurate to every phase on the ten, while increasing by each issue number to avoid accidental error, improve accuracy.
The monitoring issue n using the Crack Monitoring data stabilization or other be manually set situation as condition determine.
Step (3) data measured according to different times calculate the change in location on three summits of triangle reflection frame,
Specifically include the gross space change and stage space change of each point：
Summit A gross space variable quantity is：
Summit A stage space variable quantity is：
Summit B gross space variable quantity is：
Summit B stage space variable quantity is：
Summit C gross space variable quantity is：
Summit C stage space variable quantity is：
Wherein, i ∈ [2, n], n is measurement period sum, A (Δ xA,ΔyA,ΔzA)、B(ΔxB,ΔyB,ΔzB) and C (Δs
xC,ΔyC,ΔzC) respectively represent summit A, B and C location variation,WithRespectively represent ith monitoring when summit A,
B and C to laser range finder center probe distance,WithRepresent that summit A, B and C is to laser during ith monitoring respectively
The vertical angle of rangefinder center probe,WithRepresent that summit A, B and C is visited to laser range finder during ith monitoring respectively
The horizontal angle at head center.
During monitor ith that each phase obtains and can obtain fracture development deformation tendency with the variable quantity of the i-th -1 time, it is right
It is than corresponding side slope accumulation displacement prediction model (such as vegetarian rattan model) and pre- applied to the stability of side slope or other geologic bodies
Survey forecast.
Invention also provides a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring system of monitoring method, reference picture 1, bag
The laser range finder 3 and triangle reflection frame 4 for being located at crack both sides respectively are included, the laser range finder 3 and triangle reflection frame 4 are distinguished
Ground 1 is fixed on by monitoring pier, two monitoring piers are respectively monitoring pier A2 and monitoring pier B5.
Reference picture 3, the structure of laser range finder 3 is similar with automatic theodolite, and three foot screws 31 are used for conditioning instrumentation level,
To ensure instrument in horizontal operation general work, auxiliary ensures level, data display screen 32 and operation button with related levels instrument
37 are used for showing, recording measured horizontal angle, vertical angle and distance, the left/right rotation of the regulation bottom level of flat spin 38 rotating disk 33
It is dynamic, the vertical rotation of the vertical regulation laser ranging probe of spiral 36 part, laser assisted lamp 35 is to coordinate laser ranging probe
34 find measurement target, and bottom screw 39 is to be fixed on monitoring pier.
Reference picture 5, the top of monitoring pier pier body 52 is provided with preformed hole 51, can be for embedded triangle reflection frame 4, or sets
Screw is with fixed laser rangefinder 3.Pier body is used to be that triangle reflection frame and laser range finder provide carrying platform, hard from material
Gu resistant to corrosion, weight size is selected premised on not influenceing fracture development.
Reference picture 4, the triangle reflection frame is fixed in the preformed hole of monitoring pier.Its three summits A, B and C are respectively equipped with
One total reflection prism, respectively total reflection prism A41, total reflection prism B42 and total reflection prism C43, for by Laser Measuring
The former road of laser of distance meter transmitting is reflected back；A target is respectively provided with by the total reflection prism of three apexes of triangle reflection frame
Mark 44, distance of the target away from its nearest total reflection prism and distance of the laser ranging instrument probe away from laser range finder auxiliary lamp
It is identical.The triangle reflection frame is except the whole application black in the position of total reflection prism.
It is to carry out crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring using the crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring system of the present invention below
Process：
(1) fracture carries out after related survey, confirms emphasis monitoring position；
(2) crack both sides respectively close to monitoring pier A, monitoring pier B are set at crack respectively, monitor pier A upper end centers
Place is provided with screw, and for fixed laser rangefinder 3, monitoring pier B upper ends fixed triangle parabolic reflector 4, triangle reflection frame 4 is walked with crack
To parallel.
(3) due to monitoring single crack both sides relative displacement change, therefore its space coordinate is not considered, but need to fix its office
Laser range finder 3, is fixed on monitoring pier A, rotation foot screw 31 to water by portion's coordinate system using screw by bottom screw 39
Flat, inceptive direction is consistent as x-axis during fixed measurement every time, measures the center of laser ranging probe 34 for each issue to monitoring pier
The height on surface is to eliminate z-axis error；
(4) top lasers auxiliary lamp 35 is opened, the left-right rotation horizontal rotating disc 33 of flat spin 38 is operated, it is vertical to rotate upwardly and downwardly
Spiral 36, treats that laser assisted lamp aims at target 44, carries out ranging, utilize level shown in the record data display screen 32 of operation button 37
Angle, vertical angle, distance；
(5) step (4) described process is pressed, total reflection prism A, total reflection prism B and total reflection prism C points are measured successively
Horizontal angle, vertical angle, distance are simultaneously recorded；
(6) indoor calculating：
Reference picture 2, by taking first phase measurement point A as an example, using the center of laser ranging probe 34 as origin, horizontal angleIt is perpendicular
Right angleRangingIt is as follows that first phase data measured is expressed as each point coordinates：
Then the n phases, which monitor, can continue to obtain data：
A2、A3、A4……An；
B2、B3、B4……Bn；
C2、C3、C4……Cn。
For each point, carry out after n phase monitorings, space coordinate variable quantity is：
Summit A gross space variable quantity is：
Summit B gross space variable quantity is：
Summit C gross space variable quantity is：
The space three-dimensional change of the change for the space coordinate each put namely the point, represents splitting between two monitoring piers
Three dimensions change produced by seam.The space of points changes in coordinates of A, B, C tri- can average to reduce error.
Summit A stage space variable quantity is：
Summit B stage space variable quantity is：
Summit C stage space variable quantity is：
Wherein, i ∈ [2, n], n is measurement period sum, A (Δ xA,ΔyA,ΔzA)、B(ΔxB,ΔyB,ΔzB) and C (Δs
xC,ΔyC,ΔzC) respectively represent summit A, B and C location variation,WithRespectively represent ith monitoring when summit A,
B and C to laser range finder center probe distance,WithRepresent that summit A, B and C is to laser during ith monitoring respectively
The vertical angle of rangefinder center probe,WithRepresent that summit A, B and C is visited to laser range finder during ith monitoring respectively
The horizontal angle at head center.During monitor ith that each phase obtains and can obtain fracture development deformation with the variable quantity of the i-th -1 time
Trend, contrasts corresponding side slope accumulation displacement prediction model (such as vegetarian rattan model) and applied to the steady of side slope or other geologic bodies
Qualitative forecasting is forecast.
For expansion, if monitoring pier A is dropped back to from crack remotely, being monitored by GPS can be by above-mentioned local coordinate
System includes the change that Beijing coordinate system monitors its spatial attitude, can similarly the fracture spaces posture for monitoring DunAChu be included into monitoring,
So as to obtain the three-dimensional change procedure of the relative attitude of the crack both sides.According to this, this method can be extended to other field, such as
Ground produces building attitude monitoring of differential settlement etc..
The three-dimension monitor method in the crack of the present invention has simple in construction, reasonable in design, high accuracy, cost performance high, conveniently
Involved instrument is mature technology in easy-to-use the characteristics of, whole method, and good reliability, maintenance is small.It is highly suitable to be applied for sliding
Slope or other geological disaster fracturing crack 3 D stereo monitorings.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) using being fixed on the laser range finder of crack side to being fixed on three summits of the triangle reflection frame of crack opposite side
Measure respectively, the laser that laser range finder is launched during measurement every time is by the total reflection positioned at three summits of triangle reflection frame
Prismatic reflection, thus three summits for measuring triangle reflection frame arrive respectively the distance of laser range finder center probe, vertical angle and
Horizontal angle；
(2) repeat step (1), obtains the data of different times measurement；
(3) data measured according to different times calculate the change in location on three summits of triangle reflection frame, obtain the sky in crack
Between changes in coordinates.
2. three-dimensional state variation monitoring method in crack according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (1) is measured
When, plane where triangle reflection frame is parallel with fracture strike.
3. three-dimensional state variation monitoring method in crack according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (1) described triangle
A target, distance of the target away from its nearest total reflection prism are respectively provided with by the total reflection prism on three summits of parabolic reflector
It is identical with distance of the laser ranging instrument probe away from laser range finder auxiliary lamp, during measurement, by laser range finder auxiliary lamp aiming target
Mark, prismatic reflection is totally reflected with the laser for causing laser range finder to launch.
4. three-dimensional state variation monitoring method in crack according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (2) is described to be obtained
Different times measurement data, at that time during every according to geological activity and fracture intensity determination, interval be 10 days extremely
One month.
5. three-dimensional state variation monitoring method in crack according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (3) described basis
The data of different times measurement calculate the change in location on three summits of triangle reflection frame, specifically include the gross space change of each point
And stage space change：
Summit A gross space variable quantity is：
Summit A stage space variable quantity is：
Summit B gross space variable quantity is：
Summit B stage space variable quantity is：
Summit C gross space variable quantity is：
Summit C stage space variable quantity is：
Wherein, i ∈ [2, n], n is measurement period sum, A (Δ xA,ΔyA,ΔzA)、B(ΔxB,ΔyB,ΔzB) and C (Δ xC,Δ
yC,ΔzC) respectively represent summit A, B and C location variation,WithSummit A, B and C during ith monitoring are represented respectively
To the distance of laser range finder center probe,WithRepresent that summit A, B and C is to laser ranging during ith monitoring respectively
The vertical angle at instrument probe center,WithRepresent that summit A, B and C is into laser ranging instrument probe during ith monitoring respectively
The horizontal angle of the heart.
6. a kind of crack three-dimensional state variation monitoring system based on monitoring method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Including
It is located at the laser range finder and triangle reflection frame of crack both sides respectively, laser range finder and the triangle reflection frame passes through prison respectively
Survey pier and be fixed on ground；Three summits of the triangle reflection frame are respectively equipped with a total reflection prism.
7. three-dimensional state variation monitoring system in crack according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The triangle reflection frame three
A target, distance and Laser Measuring of the target away from its nearest total reflection prism are respectively provided with by the total reflection prism of individual apex
Distance of the distance meter probe away from laser range finder auxiliary lamp is identical.
8. three-dimensional state variation monitoring system in crack according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The triangle reflection frame is removed
The whole application black in the position of total reflection prism.
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| CN108253890A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-07-06 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | The spatiality monitoring method and device of a kind of ground fissure |
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| CN109855544B (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2023-12-05 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Ground surface crack monitoring device and method based on laser ranging |
| CN110108224B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-04-17 | 长安大学 | Deformation monitoring method |
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| CN111222094B (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2021-08-27 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Evaluation method of residual error after application of Fouche fracture occurrence probability distribution calculation method |
| CN110953987B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-06-25 | 河海大学 | Method and device for measuring fatigue crack outer deformation of steel bridge deck |
| CN113847873B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2023-10-03 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | Discrete single-point displacement dynamic monitoring device and method based on laser ranging |
| CN114111583B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2023-10-20 | 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Mining crack monitoring device and method based on laser ranging |
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