CN114111583B - Mining crack monitoring device and method based on laser ranging - Google Patents
Mining crack monitoring device and method based on laser ranging Download PDFInfo
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- CN114111583B CN114111583B CN202010880575.2A CN202010880575A CN114111583B CN 114111583 B CN114111583 B CN 114111583B CN 202010880575 A CN202010880575 A CN 202010880575A CN 114111583 B CN114111583 B CN 114111583B
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0608—Height gauges
Abstract
The application provides a mining crack monitoring device and a mining crack monitoring method based on laser ranging, wherein the monitoring device comprises at least one monitoring unit and an external computing unit, and the monitoring unit comprises: a laser light emitting unit including a plurality of laser light emitters for emitting laser light and receiving reflected laser light; the laser reflection unit comprises a reflection plate, wherein the reflection plate consists of at least one eight-communicated template, and the laser reflection unit and the laser emission unit are arranged on two sides of the mining crack in parallel and opposite to each other in a use state; wherein the external computing unit is communicatively coupled to the laser reflection unit to receive data from the laser emitting unit and perform the computation. The monitoring device is used for determining the three-dimensional size change of the mining cracks by utilizing laser ranging and wireless transmission technology and combining with the reflection unit through the eight communicated templates to determine the positions of reflection points.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of mining area earth surface monitoring and laser ranging, in particular to a mining crack monitoring device and method based on laser ranging.
Background
Surface mining cracks are a common mining damage phenomenon in coal mine areas, and particularly mining deep mining is more obvious than mining areas with smaller mining areas, but the damage degree is more serious. Common damage caused by mining cracks includes road breaking, traffic retardation, mistaken collapse of a built (constructed) structure, pulling and pressing damage of a power transmission line or a buried pipeline, land cracking, influence on cultivation or vegetation growth, even aggravation of water and soil loss, influence on production and life of people due to surface water loss, damage to living and natural ecological environment of people, and loss of life and property of people. Thus, mining cracks have become one of the important research matters in mining.
At present, the ground surface mining cracks are mainly researched in a field actual measurement mode, a common method is steel ruler or tape measure, and when the distance measurement is large or the fluctuation of the topography is large, a plurality of persons are required to cooperate for measurement, so that time and labor are wasted; in recent years, there are also methods using mechanical devices for measurement, such as CN201420594768.1 and CN201220196161.9, but manual data reading is required, and another method is laser ranging, in which the distance between the transmitted pulse and the pulse reflected by the received target is recorded by using a laser pulse or laser phase interference method. Laser ranging is fast and accurate, and in order to be convenient to carry and not increase extra cost investment, laser ranging mobile phones have been invented, such as patent CN201710261248.7 and patent CN201020639150.4. However, the existing on-site manual measurement, mechanical device ranging or portable laser ranging is difficult to meet the requirements of portability, large-size observation and real-time full-automatic observation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the application provides a mining crack monitoring device and a mining crack monitoring method based on laser ranging, which realize high-precision observation of a large-size crack by utilizing the laser ranging and wireless transmission technology, avoid incomplete observation data caused by crack drop or uncertain movement, and can automatically acquire data and form a graph in real time.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a mining fracture monitoring device based on laser ranging, which comprises at least one monitoring unit and an external computing unit, wherein the monitoring unit comprises: a laser light emitting unit including a plurality of laser light emitters for emitting laser light and receiving reflected laser light; the laser reflection unit comprises a reflection plate, wherein the reflection plate consists of at least one eight-communicated template, and the laser reflection unit and the laser emission unit are arranged on two sides of the mining crack in parallel and opposite to each other in a use state; wherein the external computing unit is communicatively coupled to the laser reflection unit to receive data from the laser emitting unit and perform the computation. With the monitoring device of this aspect, three-dimensional changes of the mining fracture are determined by utilizing laser ranging and wireless transmission techniques in combination with determining the positions of the reflection points by the reflection units of the eight-way template.
In an embodiment of the first aspect, the laser emitting unit further includes an emitting unit body, a control main board, a data transmission antenna, and a power module, and the plurality of laser emitters, the control main board, the data transmission antenna, and the power module are all disposed on the emitting unit body.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the laser reflection unit includes a reflection unit body, the reflection plate is fixedly disposed on the reflection unit body and is composed of at least one of the eight communicating templates including 9 reflection blocks having different reflectivities, which are adjacently arranged in a matrix form, and the reflection unit is capable of reflecting the laser light from the laser reflection unit. With this embodiment, the three-dimensional change of the crack is determined by determining the position of the reflection point at the eight-linked template using the laser transmitter to receive echo information from the reflection units having different reflectivities on the eight-linked template.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the reflective block is square with sides configured to be greater than or equal to half the distance of the laser emitting unit and the laser reflecting unit from each other between adjacent measuring moments.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the laser emitting unit comprises 5 laser emitters, which are distributed in an "X" shape over the emitting unit body. With this embodiment, it can be ensured that the laser can receive the echo information from the laser reflection unit in all the various movement forms of the crack.
In an embodiment of the first aspect, the mining crack monitoring device further comprises a wireless data transmission relay station for communicatively connecting the at least one monitoring unit and the external computing unit. By the embodiment, the data of a plurality of monitoring units on two sides of the mining crack with a larger size can be collected, and the comprehensiveness of the mining crack monitoring is ensured.
In an embodiment of the first aspect, the laser emitting unit further comprises an emitting unit holder for holding the emitting unit body, and the laser reflecting unit further comprises a reflecting unit holder for holding the reflecting unit body. By this embodiment, it is facilitated to set the monitoring unit for the mining fracture.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the power module is a battery and/or a solar photovoltaic panel.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for detecting a mining fracture using the mining fracture monitoring device of the first aspect and any embodiment thereof, the method comprising the steps of: step 1, arranging at least one monitoring unit on two sides of a mining crack, wherein each laser emission unit and each laser reflection unit are oppositely positioned on two sides of the mining crack in parallel; step 2, at a first moment, the at least one laser transmitter transmits laser to the reflecting plate and receives reflected laser reflected by the reflecting plate; step 3, determining the coordinates of the reflection point at the first moment according to the reflected laser, and then sending first reflection information to the external computing unit; step 4, repeating the steps 2 and 3 at a second moment, and sending second reflection information to the external computing unit; and step 5, determining the three-dimensional scale change of the mining crack according to the first reflection information and the second reflection information.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the first reflection information or the second reflection information includes an echo time and coordinates of a reflection point in the reflection plate. With this embodiment, the width change, the height change, the horizontal dislocation distance perpendicular to the width direction, and the like of the slit between the first time and the second time can be determined thereby.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the three-dimensional change includes a width difference, a height difference, and a horizontal dislocation distance perpendicular to the width direction.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the width difference is calculated by the following formula:
wherein ,Di For the distance between the laser emitting unit and the laser reflecting unit at the i-th moment, i is a positive integer, deltaD is the width difference between the i-th moment and the i-1-th moment, t i The echo time at the i-th time, c is the light velocity.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the height difference is a product of a difference between ordinate values of coordinates of the reflection points at the second time and the first time and a side length of the reflection unit; the horizontal displacement distance is the product of the difference between the abscissa values of the coordinates of the reflection points at the second time and the first time and the side length of the reflection unit.
Compared with the prior art, the mining crack monitoring device and method based on laser ranging realize high-precision monitoring of large-size cracks by using the laser ranging and wireless transmission technology, avoid incomplete monitoring data caused by crack drop or movement uncertainty, meet the requirements of simultaneous measurable and real-time full-automatic data acquisition and mapping of stretching and compressing cracks, and adapt to complex terrains, have good reliability and can perform three-dimensional measurement; in addition, the device does not need to manually read data, avoids errors caused by human factors, can visually display a crack development curve at the PC end in real time, and improves the monitoring efficiency.
The above-described features may be combined in various suitable ways or replaced by equivalent features as long as the object of the present application can be achieved.
Drawings
The application will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a monitoring device according to an embodiment of the application disposed relative to a mining fracture;
fig. 2 shows a schematic structure of a laser emitting unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 shows a schematic structure of a laser reflection unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional variation coordinate system of a mining fracture according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 shows a measurement point displacement vector table according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic flow chart of a monitoring method according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 7 to 9 show curves of the time-dependent changes of the crack width, the crack height difference, and the horizontal dislocation distance obtained by using the monitoring apparatus and the monitoring method according to the embodiment of the present application, respectively.
In the drawings, like parts are designated with like reference numerals. The figures are not to scale.
List of reference numerals:
100-monitoring units; 200-an external computing unit; 300-a wireless data transmission relay station; mining fracture-400; 110-a laser emitting unit; 120-a laser reflection unit; 111-a transmitting unit body; 112 a-112 e-laser emitters; 113-a control motherboard; 114-a data transmission antenna; 115-a battery; 117-a firing unit mount; 121-a reflection unit body; 122-reflecting plates; 123-eight connected templates; 123 a-a reflecting unit; 124-a reflective element support.
Detailed Description
The application will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mining fracture monitoring device according to the present application, which is disposed relative to a mining fracture 400. As shown in fig. 1, the monitoring apparatus includes at least one monitoring unit 100, an external computing unit 200, and a wireless data transmission relay station 300. The at least one monitoring unit 100 is disposed along the extension direction (preferably uniformly) of the mining fracture 400 and communicates with the external computing unit 200 to transmit data collected by each monitoring unit 100 associated with the fracture motions thereat to the external computing unit 200 for computation and mapping by the external computing unit 200. Further, the wireless data transmission relay station 300 can communicatively connect each monitoring unit 100 to the external computing unit 200, so as to realize summarizing and remote transmission of monitoring data and improve data transmission efficiency.
Preferably, the external computing unit 200 is a computer device.
In fig. 1, only one of the monitoring units 100 is shown for illustration purposes. However, other monitoring units 100 not shown should also be suitable for the structure and the working principle to be described immediately below.
In fig. 1, the monitoring unit 100 includes a laser emitting unit 110 and a laser reflecting unit 120, which are fixedly disposed in parallel and opposite to each other at both sides of the mining crack 400. The laser emitting unit 110 can emit a laser beam onto the opposite laser reflecting unit 120, receive the reflected laser light from the laser reflecting unit 120, determine reflection point information according to the characteristics of the reflected laser light, and transmit the reflection point information to the external computing device 200 to determine the movement of the crack in the three-dimensional direction.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the laser emitting unit 110 includes an emitting unit main body 111, a plurality of laser emitters, a control main board 113, a data transmission antenna 114, and a battery module. The transmitting unit body 111 is a plate-shaped structure for fixing and carrying a plurality of laser transmitters, a control main board 113, a data transmission antenna 114, and a battery module thereon, and a connection hole is formed in the transmitting unit body 111 to facilitate connection and installation of the above-mentioned components. The control main board 113 is electrically connected to the plurality of laser transmitters and the data transmission antenna 114 such that it can receive the transmission laser light from the plurality of laser transmitters and transmit the transmission laser light information to the external computing unit 200 via the data transmission antenna 114, and the battery module is electrically connected to the control main board 113 to supply power to the control main board 113.
Optionally, the power module of the present application may include a battery 115 and/or a solar photovoltaic panel (not shown). In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, both a battery 115 and a solar photovoltaic panel are provided on the laser emitting unit 110, wherein the battery 115 is mounted inside a box, and the solar photovoltaic panel is attached to the emitting unit body 111 by an adhesive or bolts to secure the long-term functional requirement of the system.
It should be understood that the laser emitting unit 110 may also be provided with a signal processing element, a microprocessor, an electronic clock, etc., which is embedded on the control motherboard 113 and embedded in software developed for the present system, to implement signal processing and control of the measuring unit of the present system. Of course, it is also possible to provide the signal processing element separately inside each laser transmitter. Meanwhile, the plurality of laser transmitters only need to design laser transmitting and signal receiving functions, and no signal processing element is needed, so that the miniaturization of the equipment is realized. The data transmission antenna 114 accomplishes data aggregation and exchange requirements while reducing energy consumption and processing costs.
The purpose of setting up a plurality of laser transmitters in the laser emission unit 110 is to increase measurement range, can effectively gather data when realizing that the instrument miniaturization and crack three-dimensional variation are great, ensures that at least some laser transmitters can receive the transmission laser promptly after laser emission unit 110 and/or laser reflection unit 120 remove, even if have 1-2 laser transmitters unable to receive reflection information, other laser transmitters still can receive echo information to guarantee measurement data's integrality.
In the preferred embodiment shown in fig. 2, 5 laser transmitters 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d and 112e are provided on the transmitting unit main body 111. More preferably, the 5 laser transmitters are distributed in an "X" shape on the transmitting unit main body 111. If the crack is formed with a drop at both sides, the laser emitting unit 110 is wholly lowered, and the laser emitting unit 120 is relatively raised, then the laser emitters at the lower part of the laser emitting unit 110 may not receive echo information, but the ranges of the 2 laser emitters 112a, 112b at the top of the laser emitting unit 110 are relatively increased, they can collect the whole echo information of the laser reflecting unit 120 from the upper edge to the lower edge, and the range is close to the height of the whole laser reflecting unit 120; conversely, if the laser reflection unit 120 is relatively lowered, the laser transmitters 112d and 112e of the laser transmission unit 110 can also collect echo information in the whole range from the lower edge to the upper edge of the laser reflection unit 120, and even if the middle laser transmitter 112c cannot receive the echo signal, the laser transmitters 112a, 112b or 112d and 112e at the upper and lower ends can still collect echo information. Similarly, if the laser emitting units 110 and the laser reflecting units 120 located at two sides of the slit are shifted in parallel along the slit in the horizontal direction (abbreviated as "parallel error"), the laser emitters (112 a, 112d or 112b, 112 e) at the left and right sides of the slit will also collect the echo information of the laser reflecting units 120 from left to right or from right to left. When the crack simultaneously produces a large movement in three directions, the crack width, the vertical crack width, and the vertical direction, the laser transmitters 112a, 112b, 112e may not have echo information, and the laser transmitter unit 110 may receive the echo information of the laser transmitters 112c, 112 d.
As shown in fig. 3, the laser reflection unit 120 of the monitoring unit 100 may include a reflection unit body 121 and a reflection plate 122 attached to the reflection unit body 121. Specifically, the reflection unit body 121 has a plate-like structure and has a size greater than or equal to that of the emission unit body 111 to ensure that at least one incident laser light can be reflected. The reflecting plate 122 may be attached to the reflecting unit body 121 by means such as an adhesive or a bolt, or may be coupled by other known coupling means known to those skilled in the art, which is not limited herein.
The reflecting plate 122 is provided for receiving and reflecting a plurality of incident laser lights from the laser light emitting unit 110. Specifically, the reflection plate 122 is formed by a plurality of eight communicating templates 123 adjoining in a matrix form (in the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the matrix includes 9 eight communicating templates 123), each eight communicating template 123 is a square structure composed of 9 reflecting units 123a, each reflecting unit 123a is also configured in a square structure, and the 9 reflecting units 123a have different reflectivities against laser light. A virtual coordinate system in which each of the reflection units 123a has a corresponding coordinate may be established on the reflection plate 122, as shown in fig. 5. The laser transmitter of the laser transmitting unit 110 can determine which reflectivity of the reflecting unit 123a it is reflected from based on the received reflected laser light, and then determine the coordinates of the reflection point on the reflecting plate 122.
It will be appreciated that another purpose of the laser transmitter unit 110 employing multiple laser transmitters is to avoid errors in information acquisition due to the obstruction of the laser echo signal by obstacles. Specifically, the laser emitter combines the reflectivity information of the eight-communication template 123, only records the reflectivity measured value in a fixed section in the data recording process, when the reflectivity information has larger deviation with the reflectivity information of the existing 9 materials, the measured value is not recorded, and the value is recorded as null, so that the function can further ensure the accuracy and the effectiveness of the measured data.
In the operation process of the monitoring device, the laser transmitter transmits the laser beam to the reflecting plate 122 at a proper frequency (time interval), so that in order to monitor the movement condition of the crack more accurately, the side length of the reflecting unit 123a can be constructed to be greater than or equal to half of the mutual dislocation distance between two adjacent measurements according to experience and historical monitoring data, and thus the movement condition of the crack can be known more quickly by judging the moving distance and direction of the reflecting point on the eight-communication template in time.
It should be appreciated that the present application provides at least one monitoring unit 100 each having a corresponding unique identification code, a proprietary data storage structure, and data processing algorithm principles. The proprietary data storage structure of the present application, a single piece of example data is:
A001003 201808091308 120501 120603 120308 120607 120609
wherein a001003 is an identification code of the monitoring unit 100, and is used for recording the position of the monitoring unit, 201808091308 indicates the acquisition date and time of the monitoring data, 120501 indicates the data of laser measurement, the first 4 bits indicate the measurement distance in mm, and the second 2 bits indicate the material of the incident position based on the reflectivity.
Preferably, the laser emitting unit 110 may further include an emitting unit holder 117 for supporting the emitting unit body 111, and the laser reflecting unit 120 has a reflecting unit holder 124 for supporting the reflecting unit body 121, in this way, the laser emitting unit 110 and the laser reflecting unit 120 can be more conveniently disposed at both sides of the crack while improving the stability of the monitoring unit.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of a monitoring method 600 provided by the present application. As shown in fig. 6, the monitoring method 600 includes the steps of:
s610, arranging at least one monitoring unit on two sides of the mining crack, wherein each laser emission unit and each laser reflection unit are oppositely positioned on two sides of the mining crack in parallel;
s620, at a first moment, the at least one laser transmitter transmits laser to the reflecting plate and receives reflected laser reflected by the reflecting plate;
s630, determining a reflection point coordinate at the first moment according to the reflected laser, and then sending first reflection information to the external computing unit;
s640, repeating S620 and S630 at a second time, and transmitting second reflection information to the external computing unit; and
s650, determining the three-dimensional scale change of the mining crack according to the first reflection information and the second reflection information.
Specifically, the laser transmitter receives the reflected laser light from the reflecting plate 122 and transmits the reflection information contained therein to the external computing unit 200, wherein the reflection information includes the echo time t and the reflection point coordinates, and the external computing unit 200 determines the width change Δd, the height change Δh, and the horizontal dislocation distance Δl perpendicular to the width direction of the mining crack between two measurement timings at the monitoring unit layout position according to the reflection information, as shown in fig. 4.
The width difference Δd is calculated by the following equation:
wherein ,Di For the distance between the laser emitting unit and the laser reflecting unit at the i-th moment, i is a positive integer, deltaD is the width difference between the i-th moment and the i-1-th moment, t i The echo time at the i-th time, c is the light velocity.
The height difference DeltaH and the horizontal dislocation distance DeltaL perpendicular to the width direction are obtained by acquiring eight-communication reflecting plate information designed by combining the measured laser reflectivity, judging the change of the position of the two measuring points, and calculating by combining a displacement vector table (figure 5), so as to obtain three-dimensional change information. For example, assuming that the original position is (x, y), the movement increment (a, b) is moved according to the change of the front and rear incident positions, and the data after the movement is (x+a, y+b), the height difference Δh is |b|x the side length of the reflection unit, and the horizontal dislocation distance Δl is |a|x the side length of the reflection unit. The monitoring result is mainly the central laser transmitter 112c, but the coordinate information of other laser transmitters is recorded at the same time, and any measured value is selected as the monitoring result under the extreme condition, and the monitoring data of the laser transmitter 112c is used for correction.
The monitoring device is adopted in the investigation of mining cracks of the surface of an inner Mongolian mine, and the specific process is as follows:
after the laser emitting unit 110 and the laser reflecting unit 120 are processed, the laser emitting unit and the laser reflecting unit enter the site to be laid. In the subsidence monitoring area, the crack development zone is selected, the brackets 117 and 124 are reasonably adjusted, the laser emission unit 110 and the laser reflection unit 120 are respectively arranged at two sides of the crack, the laser emission unit 110 and the laser reflection unit 120 are ensured to be parallel during arrangement, the monitoring device is started, the identification code of the monitoring unit 100 and the primary measurement basic data including the initial width of the crack, the reflectivity information, the primary measurement distance and the device coordinate position are recorded, and the arrangement of one monitoring unit 100 is completed. After the arrangement of the plurality of monitoring units is completed, the wireless data transmission relay station 300 is arranged in the center of the monitoring area or a place with better signals, so that the collection and the remote transmission of the monitoring data are realized, finally, the transmission data are acquired indoors by using the external computing equipment 200 such as a computer, and the real-time data processing, expression and mapping work are realized. Fig. 7 to 9 are graphs showing the variation of the crack width, the crack height difference, and the horizontal dislocation distance with time of 3 cracks obtained by the above-described process.
According to the mining crack monitoring device and method based on laser ranging, provided by the application, the laser ranging and wireless transmission technology are utilized, so that high-precision monitoring of large-size cracks is realized, incomplete monitoring data caused by crack fall or movement uncertainty is avoided, the requirements of simultaneous measurable and real-time full-automatic data acquisition and mapping of stretching and compressing cracks are met, complex topography can be adapted, the reliability is good, and three-dimensional measurement can be performed; in addition, the device does not need to manually read data, avoids errors caused by human factors, can visually display a crack development curve at the PC end in real time, and improves the monitoring efficiency.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "bottom," "top," "front," "rear," "inner," "outer," "left," "right," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Although the application herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present application. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the different dependent claims and the features described herein may be combined in ways other than as described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with separate embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (9)
1. Mining crack monitoring device based on laser rangefinder, characterized in that includes at least one monitoring unit and outside calculation unit, the monitoring unit includes:
a laser light emitting unit including a plurality of laser light emitters for emitting laser light and receiving reflected laser light; and
the laser reflection unit comprises a reflection plate, wherein the reflection plate consists of at least one eight-communicated template, and the laser reflection unit and the laser emission unit are arranged on two sides of the mining fracture in parallel and opposite to each other in a use state;
wherein the external computing unit is in communication connection with the laser reflection unit to receive data from the laser emission unit and perform computation;
the laser transmitting unit further comprises a transmitting unit main body, a control main board, a data transmission antenna and a power supply module, wherein a plurality of laser transmitters, the control main board, the data transmission antenna and the power supply module are all arranged on the transmitting unit main body;
the laser emission unit comprises 5 laser emitters which are distributed in an X shape on the main body of the emission unit;
the laser reflecting unit comprises a reflecting unit main body, the reflecting plate is fixedly arranged on the reflecting unit main body and is formed by abutting at least one eight-communicating template in a matrix form, the eight-communicating template comprises 9 reflecting blocks with different reflectivities, and the reflecting unit can reflect laser from the laser reflecting unit;
the reflection block is square, and the side length of the reflection block is larger than or equal to half of the dislocation distance between the laser emission unit and the laser reflection unit at two adjacent measuring moments.
2. The mining fracture monitoring device of claim 1, further comprising a wireless data transmission relay station for communicatively connecting the at least one monitoring unit and the external computing unit.
3. The mining fracture monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the laser transmitter unit further comprises a transmitter unit mount for supporting the transmitter unit body, the laser reflector unit further comprising a reflector unit mount for supporting the reflector unit body.
4. The mining fracture monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the power module is a battery and/or a solar photovoltaic panel.
5. A method of monitoring a mining fracture using the mining fracture monitoring device of any of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
step 1, arranging at least one monitoring unit on two sides of a mining crack, wherein each laser emission unit and each laser reflection unit are oppositely positioned on two sides of the mining crack in parallel;
step 2, at a first moment, the at least one laser emitter emits laser to the reflecting plate and receives reflected laser reflected by the reflecting plate;
step 3, determining the coordinates of the reflection point at the first moment according to the reflected laser, and then sending first reflection information to the external computing unit;
step 4, repeating the steps 2 and 3 at a second moment, and sending second reflection information to the external computing unit; and
and 5, determining the three-dimensional scale change of the mining crack according to the first reflection information and the second reflection information.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first reflection information or the second reflection information includes an echo time and coordinates of a reflection point in the reflection plate.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the three-dimensional change comprises a width difference, a height difference, and a horizontal dislocation distance perpendicular to the width direction.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the width difference is calculated by the formula:
wherein ,D i is the firstiThe distance between the laser emitting unit and the laser reflecting unit at the moment,iis a natural number of the Chinese characters,ΔDis the firstiTime and the firsti-1The difference in width between the moments in time,t i is the firstiThe echo time of the moment in time,cis the speed of light.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the height difference is a product of a difference between ordinate values of reflection point coordinates at the second time and the first time and a side length of the reflection unit; the horizontal dislocation distance is the product of the difference between the abscissa values of the coordinates of the reflection points at the second moment and the first moment and the side length of the reflection unit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010880575.2A CN114111583B (en) | 2020-08-27 | 2020-08-27 | Mining crack monitoring device and method based on laser ranging |
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| CN115125810B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-01-19 | 江苏中路工程技术研究院有限公司 | Pavement crack grouting flatness monitoring equipment and construction method |
| CN115790464B (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-05-23 | 潍坊三建建材科技有限公司 | Indoor large space horizontal detection device for building |
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