CN113029005A - Ground fissure three-way displacement monitoring device and ground fissure three-way displacement monitoring method - Google Patents
Ground fissure three-way displacement monitoring device and ground fissure three-way displacement monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113029005A CN113029005A CN202110375189.2A CN202110375189A CN113029005A CN 113029005 A CN113029005 A CN 113029005A CN 202110375189 A CN202110375189 A CN 202110375189A CN 113029005 A CN113029005 A CN 113029005A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser type ground fissure three-dimensional displacement monitoring device which comprises a receiver substrate, a transmitter base, a grid plate and a laser range finder, wherein three-leg underground support rod assemblies are respectively embedded in the inner side and the outer side of a ground fissure and are close to the edge of the fissure, an overground support rod assembly is arranged on the underground support rod assembly, and the receiver substrate and the transmitter substrate are respectively arranged on the overground support rod assembly. The receiver base plate and the emitter base plate are vertically fixed with the fixing rod of the ground support rod assembly, the fixing rod is connected with the anchor rod I of the underground support assembly through a sphere, the other two adjusting rods with adjustable lengths of the ground support rod assembly are connected with the receiver base plate or the emitter base plate through a sphere, before and after the crack is deformed, after the receiver base plate and the emitter base plate are leveled, the distance between the laser range finder and the grid plate is measured through the laser range finder, and the marks of the laser range finder on the grid plate during two times of measurement are compared, so that accurate crack three-way displacement can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering surface monitoring, and particularly relates to a ground fissure three-way displacement monitoring device and a ground fissure three-way displacement monitoring method, which are suitable for ground fissure monitoring caused by human engineering construction activities such as underground mining, side slope excavation, underground water exploitation and the like.
Background
With the rapid and continuous development of economy and the promotion of urbanization in China, a large number of engineering construction activities (such as underground ore body excavation, side slope excavation, foundation pit excavation, underground water exploitation and the like) are increasing. Undoubtedly, the construction of these projects will cause the earth surface around the excavation to crack in a certain scale, even cause geological disasters such as surface collapse and landslide, which will bring serious threats to the engineering construction activities and the safety of people's lives and properties, and cause great loss to national economy. Therefore, the method is necessary for monitoring the ground surface cracks caused by the excavation activities of engineering construction, is not only an important part in monitoring the engineering geological disasters, but also can provide key parameters and important characteristics for accurately judging the stability of the excavation engineering, and has important significance in developing the monitoring. The existing ground crack monitoring method is mainly a mechanical displacement measurement method, but the precision of the mechanical design has a further space for improving. In recent years, for the purpose of acquiring the changes of the state of the earth fracture more safely, quickly and accurately, a non-contact measurement method is started to be introduced into the monitoring of the earth fracture, wherein an advanced instrument in the fields of chemistry, electronics and mapping, namely a non-contact laser distance meter, is widely applied in this respect. However, the current ground crack monitoring device and method based on the laser range finder often have the following disadvantages: (1) the monitored displacement is often one direction of the ground fracture, wherein the fracture displacement is more; (2) concrete monitoring piers are often embedded and fixed at two sides of the ground crack, then a monitoring device and an instrument are erected on the monitoring piers for monitoring the ground crack, and the concrete monitoring piers are large in rigidity and often do not deform together with the embedded surrounding soil body, so that when three-dimensional displacement of the ground crack changes, the three-dimensional displacement of the ground crack cannot be reflected on the concrete monitoring piers necessarily, and a certain error of a ground crack monitoring result is caused;
in addition, a three-way deformation laser measuring instrument (application No. 201120209465.X, application date 2011.06.21) discloses that the vertical displacement, the opening displacement and the absolute value of the horizontal displacement (three-way displacement variation) of the displacement deformation of the same point of the crack are simultaneously observed by the three-way deformation laser measuring instrument, as shown in figures 1-2, the legs 100 of the tripod in the apparatus are embedded in the rock near the crack similarly to a rigid concrete pier, only when the first reading and the second reading are kept during the measurement, the legs 100 on both sides of the crack still maintain the initial posture, namely, the connecting line A of the point 101 and the point 103 at the two ends of the support leg and the connecting line B of the point 102 and the point 104 are only relatively far away, lifted and shifted along the crack direction, so that the point 103 can represent the displacement of the point 101, the point 102 can represent the displacement of the point 104, thus, the displacement of the laser range finder 200 relative to the receiver 300 can represent the relative displacement of the rock mass on both sides of the fracture (point 101 relative to point 102). However, when the rock-soil mass on both sides of the crack deforms, the concrete monitoring pier often tilts, that is, the connection line between the point 103 and the vertical projection point 105 on the plane of the point 101 (the original point during the first reading) and the connection line between the point 104 and the vertical projection point 106 on the plane of the point 102 (the original point during the first reading) shift relatively, even if the two original connection lines cannot be restored to the mutually parallel position according to the platform when the two tripod is leveled during the second reading, the position change of the monitoring device and the instrument installed on the top surface of the monitoring pier still covers other error (that is, the additional displacement of the new vertical projection point 105' relative to the original point 105), and this often causes a significant error to the monitoring result. Therefore, the existing monitoring device and method based on the laser range finder are difficult to meet the requirement of monitoring the ground cracks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ground fissure three-way displacement monitoring device and a ground fissure three-way displacement monitoring method, which can enable a measuring point on a triangular plate to completely represent the displacement of a base point of a triangular plate lower support leg embedded in rock soil after the triangular plate on two sides of a fissure is leveled before first measurement and second measurement, and reduce the measurement error of the three-phase displacement of the fissure. The method can be widely applied to ground crack monitoring caused by human engineering activities such as underground mining, side slope excavation, underground water exploitation and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a ground fissure three-way displacement monitoring device comprises a receiver substrate, a transmitter base, a grid plate and a laser range finder, wherein the grid plate is erected on the upper surface of the receiver substrate and is arranged in parallel to the extension direction of a fissure;
each group of support rod components comprises an above-ground support rod component and an underground support rod component which are mutually connected, the underground support rod component comprises a first anchor rod and a second anchor rod which are anchored in a rock body, the upper ends of the first anchor rod and the second anchor rod are exposed out of the rock body to form a triangular array, a connecting module is fixed at the upper end of the first anchor rod close to the crack, the upper ends of the other two anchor rods are connected with a connecting male head, one side of the connecting module, which is back to the anchor rod, is provided with a spherical groove, a first sphere and a linear groove which can accommodate a screw rod, a rotatable first sphere is arranged in the spherical groove to form a first spherical hinge structure, the linear groove penetrates through the center of the spherical groove and is vertical to the first anchor rod, the screw rod penetrates through the spherical groove and the first sphere from the linear groove and is in transition fit with the first sphere, and the, the width of the ball body is matched with the diameter of the screw rod, so that the ball body I can rotate around the axis of the screw rod and slide up and down along the inner wall of the linear groove along with the screw rod, and the ball body I is prevented from rotating around the anchor rod I;
the ground support rod assembly comprises a fixed rod fixedly connected with the ball body and an adjusting rod with adjustable length sleeved on the connecting male head, the upper end of the adjusting rod is rotatably connected with the receiver substrate or the emitter substrate through a second spherical hinge structure, the upper end of the fixed rod is vertically fixed with the receiver substrate or the emitter substrate, leveling bubbles are arranged on the receiver substrate and the emitter substrate, and the origin of coordinates of the grid plate and the emitting point of the laser range finder are both positioned on the extension line of the central axis of the fixed rod;
when the monitoring device is used for measuring readings in the process of three-dimensional displacement of the ground fissure, the adjusting rods are adjusted to enable the base plate of the receiver and the base plate of the transmitter to be in horizontal positions.
Furthermore, the upper surface of the receiver substrate is provided with a cutting groove matched with the profile of the side surface of the grid plate, positioning rods perpendicular to the receiver substrate are arranged at two ends of the cutting groove, and the grid plate is provided with insertion holes matched with the positioning rods.
Furthermore, the upper surface of the emitter substrate is provided with a groove matched with the bottom surface of the emitter base, the upper surface of the emitter substrate is also provided with an orientation rod, and the emitter base is provided with a circular hole matched with the orientation rod.
Furthermore, the lower end of the adjusting rod is provided with a sleeve which can be connected with a male head in an inserting manner, and the sleeve is provided with a connecting male head, wherein a fastening bolt can penetrate through the sleeve wall locking sleeve.
The method for measuring the three-way displacement of the ground fissure based on the monitoring device of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, respectively embedding underground support rod assemblies at the inner side and the outer side of the crack and close to the edge of the crack, enabling the connecting line of the anchor rods I at the inner side and the outer side of the crack to be perpendicular to the extension direction of the crack, and ensuring that the lower ends of the anchor rods I and the anchor rods II are embedded into rock soil to have enough depth, so that the anchor rods I and the anchor rods II deform together with rock soil bodies at two sides of the crack, wherein the inner side of the crack refers to one side with low altitude beside the crack, and the outer side of the crack refers to one side with high altitude beside the;
then, a fixed rod and a first spherical hinge structure are installed at the upper end of the first anchor rod, a connecting male head is installed at the upper end of the second anchor rod, the adjusting rod is sleeved on the connecting male head, the receiver substrate is installed on the ground supporting rod assembly on the inner side of the crack, the emitter substrate is installed on the ground supporting rod assembly on the outer side of the crack, and the receiver substrate and the emitter substrate are adjusted to be in a horizontal state;
then, a grid plate is installed on the receiver substrate, the grid plate is parallel to the extending direction of the crack, an emitter base and a laser range finder are installed on the emitter substrate, the origin of coordinates of the grid plate and the emitting point of the laser range finder are both located on the extension line of the central axis of the fixed rod, laser emitted by the laser range finder is projected to the origin of coordinates of the grid plate, and the distance between the laser range finder and the grid plate is read and recorded as x1The coordinates on the grid plate are noted as (y)1，z1) Completing the initial position recording;
step S2, after the crack is deformed and displaced, the receiver substrate and the emitter substrate are adjusted to be horizontal again, so that the laser emitted by the laser range finder is projected on the grid plate, and the distance between the laser range finder and the grid plate is read and recorded as x2The coordinates on the grid plate are noted as (y)2，z2) Completing the recording of the deformation position, wherein the horizontal displacement of the vertical crack along the extension direction is delta x ═ x2-x1According to marks left on the grid plate during the two measurements of the laser spot, the moving coordinate difference of the laser spot during the next measurement and the previous measurement is obtained through grid coordinates on the grid plate, the coordinate difference and the displacement of the ground crack in the direction and the vertical direction are marked as (-Deltay, -Deltaz), and the three-way displacement of the crack during the two monitoring periods is represented as Deltax, -Deltay, -Deltaz;
and step S3, obtaining the accumulated three-way displacement of the ground fissure in multiple periods through multiple periods of monitoring according to the step S2.
The invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
(1) can reflect the three-dimensional space change of the ground fissure. The ground fracture displacement measured by the device and the method comprises the fracture displacement, the dislocation displacement and the vertical displacement, and the three-dimensional space change of the ground fracture can be accurately obtained by combining the three-dimensional displacement.
(2) The accuracy is high. The method mainly comprises two aspects: (a) the underground support rod component arranged by three feet and the rock-soil mass around the underground support rod component are synchronously displaced; (b) the three-way displacement amount of the top ends of the two anchor rods I on two sides of the crack represents the three-way displacement amount of the crack, so that during each measurement, a receiver base plate and a transmitter base plate at the upper end of the ground support rod assembly are leveled, and when the crack is measured before displacement and after displacement, the two fixed rods on two sides of the crack are mutually parallel and in the same plane, so that the relative height of the receiver base plate or the transmitter base plate relative to the monitored ground crack is unchanged in the whole monitoring process, and the displacement amount of the end point at the upper end of the fixed rod can be equal to that of the end point at the lower end of the fixed end (the upper end of the anchor rod I), so that the crack three-way displacement accuracy measured by the measuring method of the scheme is superior; (c) the lower end of the fixed rod is rotatably connected with the first anchor rod through the first spherical hinge structure, and the upper end of the adjusting rod is rotatably connected with the receiver substrate or the transmitter substrate through the second spherical hinge structure, so that the technical characteristics that the fixed rod can be kept perpendicular to the receiver substrate or the transmitter substrate at any time and the levelness of the receiver substrate and the transmitter substrate can be adjusted are ingeniously realized; (d) meanwhile, as the depth of the linear groove is greater than the diameter of the screw, when the screw can slide up and down along the inner wall of the linear groove, the ball swings up and down towards the two ends of the screw, so that the first ball has the possibility of rotating around the screw and rotating around the midpoint of the screw in the plane of the linear groove in the spherical groove, and the leveling of the receiver substrate or the emitter substrate is facilitated; (e) the anchor rod I is connected with the fixed rod through the spherical hinge structure, so that errors caused by the inclination of the concrete monitoring pier are effectively avoided;
the technical scheme of the invention has the following other advantages: the monitoring error caused by the rigidity problem of the concrete monitoring pier buried in the rock soil is avoided; ensuring that the emitting point of the laser range finder and the original point of the grid plate correspond to the coordinates of the upper end of the fixed rod; the device of the invention only needs one grid plate and one laser range finder respectively, and the alignment grid plate and the laser range finder can be quickly arranged on the adjusting base, more importantly, the laser range finder has small volume and light weight, can be carried about, can be detached after one point is measured to monitor other ground cracks, greatly facilitates the measurement and saves the time cost.
The laser range finder and the grid plate used by the device and the method are low in price, and the measuring device and the method are low in overall investment, good in economical efficiency and small in maintenance amount.
The laser range finder is a Lyocell come cadi Tong D3A, the measurement precision is +/-1.0 mm, and the measurement range is 0.05-100 m.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional method for measuring the deformation of a crack by using a tripod;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional method for measuring the deformation of a crack during three-dimensional displacement of the crack by using a tripod;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a ground fissure three-dimensional displacement monitoring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembled receiver substrate inside the crack of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the assembled lower part of the substrate of the receiver inside the crack of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a variable cross-section round connecting rod at the upper end of an adjusting rod according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the adjusting round bar in the middle of the adjusting bar of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a structure of a female connection end at the lower end of an adjustment lever according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a half-section of a linking module at an upper end of an anchor rod according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the assembled emitter substrate outside the crack of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the construction of an underground support rod assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the grid plate of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitter base of the laser range finder of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a laser type ground fissure three-way displacement monitoring device comprises a receiver substrate 3, a transmitter substrate 5, a transmitter base 7, a grid plate 8, a laser range finder 9 and a protective cover 10, wherein as shown in figures 3 and 11, underground support rod assemblies which are arranged with three feet are respectively embedded at the inner side (the side with large deformation) and the outer side (the side with small deformation) of a fissure and are close to the edge of the fissure, an overground support rod assembly is arranged on each underground support rod assembly, and the receiver substrate 3 and the transmitter substrate 5 are respectively arranged on the overground support rod assemblies at the inner side and the outer side of the fissure; for positioning and installation, the emitter substrate 5 and the emitter base 7 are triangular.
The laser rangefinder 9 is mounted on the transmitter base 7 to be fixed to each other, the receiver base plate 3 is provided with a notch 32, the cut groove 32 matches with the side profile of the grid plate 8, the two ends of the cut groove 32 are provided with positioning rods 33 perpendicular to the receiver substrate 3, the grid plate 8 is provided with insertion holes 81 matched with the positioning rods 33, the grid plate 8 is installed in the cut groove 32 of the receiver substrate 3, the emitter substrate 5 is provided with a groove 52 matched with the outline of the emitter base 7, the upper surface of the emitter substrate 5 is also provided with an orientation rod 53, the emitter base 7 is provided with a jack matched with the orientation rod 53, the emitter base 7 of the laser range finder 9 is arranged in the groove 52 of the emitter substrate 5, the grid plate 8 and the emitter base 7 of the laser range finder 9 are oppositely arranged, the laser projected by the laser range finder is perpendicular to the grid plate 8, and the central lines of the grid plate 8 and the emitter base 7 of the laser range finder 9 are parallel to and perpendicular to the trend of the crack respectively.
As shown in fig. 2, a level bubble 34 is provided at the edge of the receiver substrate 3; the lower surface of the receiver base plate 3 is provided with a fixed rod 35 which is fixed together and is vertical to the receiver base plate and a length-adjustable adjusting rod 4 which is connected with the receiver base plate through a second spherical hinge structure 36; the fixing rod 35 and the positioning rod 33 on one side of the groove 32 of the receiver substrate 3 share the same axis, a first sphere 351 is fixed at the lower end of the fixing rod 35, the sphere center of the first sphere 351 is horizontally crossed by a round-corner rectangular hole 352, and a nut 354 and an external thread 353 which are matched with each other are arranged at the lower end of the fixing rod 35 and the first sphere 351 and are in threaded connection with each other.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6 and 7, the adjusting lever 4 of the lower end of the receiver base plate 3 includes a variable-section circular connecting rod 41, an adjusting circular rod 42, and a connecting female 43. The top end of the variable cross-section round connecting rod 41 is a second sphere 413 embedded in the second spherical hinge structure 36 on the lower surface of the receiver substrate 3, the upper end of the adjusting round rod 42 is provided with a thread 421, the middle part of the adjusting round rod is fixed with a round cap 423, and the lower end of the round connecting rod 41 is provided with a threaded hole 414 matched with the adjusting round rod 42; a round connecting rod 431 is arranged at the upper end of the connecting female head 43, and a round hole 432 for the butt insertion of the adjusting round rod 42 is arranged at the upper end of the round connecting rod 431; the lower extreme of connecting female head 43 is equipped with the male head 122 butt joint male of the second 12 upper ends of confession stock and inserts sleeve 433, and the sleeve 433 bottom surface is equipped with the fillet slot 434 that supplies to connect male head 122 male, is equipped with fastening bolt 435 on this sleeve 433 and can passes the male head 12 of connection in the sleeve wall locking sleeve 43.
As shown in fig. 11, the underground support rod assembly is composed of a first anchor rod 11 and two second anchor rods 12 anchored in the rock mass, the upper ends of the first anchor rod 11 and the second anchor rod 12 are exposed out of the rock mass to form a triangular array, the first anchor rod 12 is embedded at the edge of the adjacent crack, the upper end of the first anchor rod 12 is provided with a connecting module 112, and the upper ends of the other two anchor rods 12 are connected with a connecting male head 122; as shown in fig. 9, a spherical groove 114, a first spherical hinge structure 115 and a linear groove 116 for accommodating a screw 113 are formed on a side of the connection module 112 facing away from the anchor rod 11, the first spherical hinge structure 115 is formed by rotatably mounting the first spherical groove 351 in the spherical groove 114, the linear groove 116 penetrates through the center of the spherical groove 114 and is perpendicular to the anchor rod 11, the screw 113 crosses the spherical groove 114 and the first spherical groove 351 from the linear groove 116 and is in transition fit with the first spherical groove 351, and the linear groove 116 has a depth larger than the diameter of the screw 113 and a width matched with the diameter of the screw 113, so that the first spherical groove 351 can rotate around the axis of the screw 113 and slide up and down along the inner wall of the linear groove 116 along the screw 113, and is prevented from rotating around the anchor rod 11. The left and right ends of the thread 113 are provided with threads and are provided with nuts 117 matched with the threads.
As shown in fig. 12, the grid plate 8 is a rectangular thin plate, the ratio of the length to the width is about 3 times, the left and right sides of the lower end surface are provided with circular holes 81 connected with the positioning rods 33 on both sides of the cutting groove 32 on the receiver substrate 3, one side surface of the grid plate 8 is provided with grid coordinates 82, and the side length of the grid is 5 mm.
As shown in fig. 10, the surface structure of the emitter substrate 5 outside the crack is the same as that of the receiver substrate 3 inside the crack, but a directional rod 53 is disposed in the groove 52 of the emitter substrate 5 and is butted with a circular hole 71 at one end of the emitter base 7 of the laser range finder 9; the axis direction of the fixing bar 35 at the lower end of the emitter substrate 5 passes through the center line of the groove 52; as shown in fig. 13, the left side and the right side of the laser range finder 9 are provided with threaded holes, the emitter base 7 is provided with a threaded rod 72 for fixing the laser range finder, when a nut 73 on the threaded rod 72 is rotated and screwed, the laser range finder 9 and the emitter base 7 are fixed together, and the assembled laser range finder 9 ensures that a laser aiming line 91 is parallel to the lower surface of the emitter base 7; by placing the emitter base 7 into the groove 52 of the emitter base plate 5 and inserting the circular hole 71 of the emitter base 7 into the orientation rod 53 on the emitter base plate 5, the purpose of mounting the laser range finder 9 on the emitter base plate 5 is achieved, and it is ensured that the laser spot of the laser range finder 9 is exposed in the axial direction of the fixing rod 35 at the lower end of the emitter base plate 5.
By adopting the laser-based ground fissure three-dimensional displacement monitoring device and method in the embodiment, the specific process comprises the following steps:
(1) underground supporting rod components are buried underground respectively at the inner side and the outer side of the crack and close to the edge of the crack, a connecting line of a first anchor rod 11 at the inner side and the outer side of the crack is perpendicular to the extending direction of the crack, and sufficient depth is ensured when the lower ends of the first anchor rod 11 and a second anchor rod 12 are buried in rock soil, so that the first anchor rod 11 and the second anchor rod 12 deform together with rock soil bodies at two sides of the crack, the underground supporting rod components deform together with the rock soil bodies at two sides of the crack, and the accuracy of a measuring result is ensured. Wherein the inboard of crack is the one side that the other elevation of crack is low, and the elevation is low because the ground of this side of crack subsides and warp more, and the outside of crack is the one side that the other elevation of crack is high, and the elevation is high because the ground of this side of crack subsides and warp less.
(2) The fixing rod 35 and the first spherical hinge structure 115 are installed at the upper end of the first anchor rod 11, the connecting male head 122 is installed at the upper end of the second anchor rod 12, the adjusting rod 4 is sleeved on the connecting male head 122, the receiver substrate 3 is installed on the ground supporting rod assembly at the inner side of the crack, the emitter substrate 5 is installed on the ground supporting rod assembly at the outer side of the crack, and the receiver substrate 3 and the emitter substrate 5 are adjusted to be in a horizontal state.
(3) Next, the grid plate 8 is installed on the receiver substrate 3, the grid plate 8 is parallel to the extending direction of the crack, the transmitter base 7 and the laser range finder 9 are installed on the transmitter substrate 5, the origin of coordinates of the grid plate 8 and the emitting point of the laser range finder 9 are both located on the extension line of the central axis of the fixing rod 35, and the laser emitted by the laser range finder 9 is projected to the origin of coordinates of the grid plate 8.
(4) When the three-way displacement measurement of the ground fissure is carried out, firstly, a switch button of the laser range finder 9 is opened, and a reading button key is used for reading to read the distance between the laser range finder 9 and the grid plate 8 and record the distance as x1The coordinates on the grid plate are noted as (y)1，z1) At this point and when the grid plate 8 makes the first measurement the laser points are marked. The recording of the initial position is completed,
after the crack is deformed and displaced, the receiver substrate 3 and the transmitter substrate 5 are adjusted to be in a horizontal state again, laser emitted by the laser range finder 9 is projected onto the grid plate 8, and the distance between the laser range finder 9 and the grid plate 8 is read and recorded as x2The coordinates on the grid plate are noted as (y)2，z2) And finishing the recording of the deformation position, and marking the laser points when the grid plate 8 is used for the second measurement.
(5) After the measurement is finished, the three-way displacement of the ground fracture during the two monitoring periods is obtained through calculation, wherein the horizontal displacement (fracture displacement) in the direction vertical to the trend direction of the ground fracture is delta x2-x1And according to the marks left on the grid plate 8 during the two measurements of the laser spot, obtaining the moving coordinate difference of the laser spot during the two measurements through the grid coordinate on the grid plate 8, wherein the coordinate difference is consistent with the displacement (dislocation displacement, vertical displacement) of the ground crack in the moving direction and the vertical direction, the direction is opposite, and the coordinate difference is marked as (-Deltay, -Deltaz), so that the three-way displacement of the ground crack during the two monitoring periods is (Deltax, -Deltay, -Deltaz)z). And after long-term monitoring, the accumulated three-dimensional displacement of the ground fracture in multiple periods can be obtained.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, but is not limited thereto, and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a ground crack three-dimensional displacement monitoring devices, includes receiver base plate (3), transmitter base plate (5), transmitter base (7), grid plate (8), laser range finder (9), grid plate (8) are erect at the upper surface of receiver base plate (3) and are on a parallel with the cracked orientation of stretching along arranging, laser range finder (9) are installed in transmitter base (7), and transmitter base (7) are fixed and are made laser range finder (9) aim at grid plate (8) perpendicularly at the upper surface of transmitter base plate (5), each of receiver base plate (3) and transmitter base plate (5) is arranged in a set of bracing piece subassembly upper end to relative arrangement is in the crack both sides, its characterized in that:
each group of support rod assembly comprises an above-ground support rod assembly and an underground support rod assembly which are mutually connected, the underground support rod assembly consists of a first anchor rod (11) and a second anchor rod (12) which are anchored in a rock body, the upper ends of the first anchor rod (11) and the second anchor rod (12) are exposed out of the rock body to form a triangular array, a connecting module (112) is fixed at the upper end of the first anchor rod (11) close to the crack, the upper ends of the other two anchor rods (12) are connected with a connecting male head (122), one side, back to the anchor rod (11), of the connecting module (112) is provided with a spherical groove (114), a first sphere (351) and a linear groove (116) capable of accommodating a screw (113), the spherical groove (114) is internally provided with the rotatable first sphere (351) to form a first spherical hinge structure (115), and the linear groove (116) penetrates through the center of the spherical groove (114) and is perpendicular to the first, the screw (113) penetrates through the spherical groove (114) and the first sphere (351) from the linear groove (116) and is in transition fit with the first sphere (351), the depth of the linear groove (116) is larger than the diameter of the screw (113), and the width of the linear groove is matched with the diameter of the screw (113), so that the first sphere (351) can rotate around the axis of the screw (113) and can slide up and down along the inner wall of the linear groove (116) along with the screw (113), and the first sphere is prevented from rotating around the first anchor rod (11);
the ground support rod assembly comprises a fixing rod (35) fixedly connected with a first sphere (351) and an adjusting rod (4) with adjustable length sleeved on the connecting male head (122), the upper end of the adjusting rod (4) is rotatably connected with a receiver substrate (3) or an emitter substrate (5) through a second spherical hinge structure (36), the upper end of the fixing rod (35) is vertically fixed with the receiver substrate (3) or the emitter substrate (5), level bubbles (34) are arranged on the receiver substrate (3) and the emitter substrate (5), and the origin of coordinates of the grid plate (8) and the emitting point of the laser range finder (9) are both located on the extension line of the central axis of the fixing rod (35);
when the monitoring device is used for measuring the reading in the process of three-dimensional displacement of the ground fissure, the adjusting rods (4) are adjusted to enable the receiver substrate (3) and the transmitter substrate (5) to be in horizontal positions.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the receiver substrate (3) is provided with a cut-out (32) on its upper surface matching the profile of the side of the grid plate (8), the cut-out (32) being provided at both ends with a positioning rod (33) perpendicular to the receiver substrate (3), the grid plate (8) being provided with a socket (81) for cooperation with the positioning rod (33).
3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the emitter substrate (5) is provided with a groove (52) for engaging with the bottom surface of the emitter base (7), the upper surface of the emitter substrate (5) is further provided with an orientation rod (53), and the emitter base (7) is provided with a circular hole for engaging with the orientation rod (53).
4. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the adjusting rod (4) is provided with a sleeve (433) which can be plugged into the male connector (12), and the sleeve (433) is provided with a fastening bolt (435) which can pass through the male connector (12) in the sleeve wall locking sleeve (433).
5. The method for measuring the three-way displacement of the ground fissure based on the monitoring device of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, respectively embedding underground support rod assemblies at the inner side and the outer side of the crack and close to the edge of the crack, enabling the connecting line of the anchor rod I (11) at the inner side and the outer side of the crack to be perpendicular to the extension direction of the crack, and ensuring that the lower ends of the anchor rod I (11) and the anchor rod II (12) are embedded into rock soil to have enough depth, so that the anchor rod I (11) and the anchor rod II (12) deform together with rock soil bodies at two sides of the crack, wherein the inner side of the crack refers to the side with low altitude beside the crack, and the outer side of the crack refers to the side with high altitude beside the;
then, a fixing rod (35) and a first spherical hinge structure (115) are installed at the upper end of the first anchor rod (11), a connecting male head (122) is installed at the upper end of the second anchor rod (12), the adjusting rod (4) is sleeved on the connecting male head (122), the receiver substrate (3) is installed on the ground supporting rod assembly on the inner side of the crack, the emitter substrate (5) is installed on the ground supporting rod assembly on the outer side of the crack, and the receiver substrate (3) and the emitter substrate (5) are adjusted to be in a horizontal state;
then, a grid plate (8) is installed on the receiver substrate (3), the grid plate (8) is made to be parallel to the extending direction of the crack, a transmitter base (7) and a laser range finder (9) are installed on the transmitter substrate (5), the origin of coordinates of the grid plate (8) and the transmitting point of the laser range finder (9) are both located on the extension line of the central axis of the fixing rod (35), laser transmitted by the laser range finder (9) is projected to the origin of coordinates of the grid plate (8), and the distance between the laser range finder (9) and the grid plate (8) is read and recorded as x1The coordinates on the grid plate are noted as (y)1，z1) Completing the initial position recording;
step S2, after the crack is deformed and displaced, the receiver substrate (3) and the emitter substrate (5) are adjusted to be horizontal again, so that laser emitted by the laser range finder (9) is projected onto the grid plate (8), and the distance between the laser range finder (9) and the grid plate (8) is read and recorded as x2The coordinates on the grid plate are noted as (y)2，z2) Completing the recording of the deformation position, wherein the horizontal displacement of the vertical crack along the extension direction is delta x ═ x2-x1And on the basis of the marks left on the grid plate (8) during the two measurements of the laser spotObtaining the moving coordinate difference of the laser points during the next measurement and the previous measurement through the grid coordinate on the grid plate (8), and recording the coordinate difference and the displacement of the ground crack in the direction and the vertical direction as (-delta y, -delta z), wherein the three-way displacement of the crack during the two monitoring periods is as (delta x, -delta y, -delta z);
and step S3, obtaining the accumulated three-way displacement of the ground fissure in multiple periods through multiple periods of monitoring according to the step S2.
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