CN106518502B - Plant antibiotic slow release fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Plant antibiotic slow release fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106518502B CN106518502B CN201611254814.3A CN201611254814A CN106518502B CN 106518502 B CN106518502 B CN 106518502B CN 201611254814 A CN201611254814 A CN 201611254814A CN 106518502 B CN106518502 B CN 106518502B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/02—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing sodium or potassium nitrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A plant antibiotic slow release fertilizer comprises, by weight, 50-90 parts of fly ash composite particles for adsorbing plant antibiotic, 1-5 parts of biological fermentation composite amino acid, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 5-10 parts of diatomite, 2-6 parts of borax, 0.1-3 parts of manganese sulfate, 2-6 parts of calcium sulfate, 1-6 parts of ferric sulfate, 0.1-3 parts of ammonium nitrate, 0.1-3 parts of potassium nitrate and 0.1-3 parts of ammonium chloride; the fly ash composite particles for adsorbing the phytokexin comprise phytokexin and fly ash composite particles; the biological fermentation compound amino acid is microbial fermentation compound amino acid. The plant antibiotic slow release fertilizer provided by the invention changes waste into valuable, has considerable economic and environmental benefits, can slowly release plant antibiotic, has a slow release function, has a long-term insecticidal and bactericidal effect on roots, can last for half a year, does not reduce the fertilizer efficiency for a long time, and is suitable for potted plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fertilizer for potted plants, in particular to a slow-release fertilizer for phytokexin and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The potted plant has high ornamental value and beautifying value, and is suitable for cultivation, display and appreciation in indoor environment. The potted plant has long ornamental period, is not limited by seasons, has various varieties and beautiful postures, and is a favorite indoor greening decorative material for people. However, potted plants grow in pots and are often affected by insufficient nutrients, so that the maintenance difficulty is increased, the type and the quantity of fertilizer application are difficult to accurately grasp, and the popularization and the application of the potted plants are limited to a certain extent.
Traditional potted plant fertilizers are generally single organic fertilizers or chemical fertilizers, are generally instant fertilizers, have few effective components, are difficult to determine the application amount, and cause water shortage and death of potted plants due to excessive application amount. The slow release fertilizer is a new fertilizer developed in recent years, and the slow release refers to the fertilizer with the nutrient release rate far less than that of the common instant fertilizer, and the fertilizer can realize one-time fertilization and has long fertilizer effect time. In the prior art, CN102173908A discloses a slow-release organic fertilizer, which is prepared from human excrement and peanut powder, sesame powder or bean cake powder as raw materials, has low cost, influences the environment and is difficult to be used for indoor potted plants.
Moreover, because potted plants have long growth periods and are often subjected to plant diseases and insect pests, the existing insecticidal sterilization method can only remove the plant diseases and insect pests above the roots, and the roots deeply buried in the soil are difficult to form effective protection. Therefore, the development of a fertilizer with a slow release function and capable of killing insects and bacteria is an important research direction in the field of potted plant fertilizers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fertilizer with a slow release function and capable of killing insects and bacteria aiming at the defects of the prior art, and particularly discloses a plant antibiotic slow release fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. The method has a long-term slow release function, the fertilizer efficiency is not reduced for a long time, and the method has a root sterilization function and is suitable for potted plants.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
The invention discloses a plant antibiotic slow release fertilizer, which comprises, by weight, 50-90 parts of fly ash composite particles for adsorbing plant antibiotic, 1-5 parts of biological fermentation compound amino acid, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 5-10 parts of diatomite, 2-6 parts of borax, 0.1-3 parts of manganese sulfate, 2-6 parts of calcium sulfate, 1-6 parts of ferric sulfate, 0.1-3 parts of ammonium nitrate, 0.1-3 parts of potassium nitrate and 0.1-3 parts of ammonium chloride;
the fly ash composite particles for adsorbing the phytokexin comprise phytokexin and fly ash composite particles;
the biological fermentation compound amino acid is microbial fermentation compound amino acid, and is compound amino acid obtained by fermentation by using a biotechnology.
Preferably, the fly ash composite particles for adsorbing phytokexin comprise 80 parts of fly ash composite particles, 2 parts of biological fermentation composite amino acid, 6 parts of bentonite, 6 parts of diatomite, 2 parts of borax, 0.6 part of manganese sulfate, 2 parts of calcium sulfate, 2 parts of ferric sulfate, 0.8 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.2 part of potassium nitrate and 0.3 part of ammonium chloride.
Preferably, the preparation method of the fly ash composite particle for adsorbing phytokexin comprises the following steps: step (1), weighing 10-20 parts of coal ash, 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of sepiolite, 5-10 parts of aluminum oxide, 1-5 parts of sodium gluconate and 1-5 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose in sequence according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, crushing, adding 300 parts of water, stirring, granulating, drying, roasting at the temperature of 350-500 ℃ for 3-5 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain coal ash composite particles;
and (2) dispersing 1-5 parts of plant antibiotic and 0.1-2 parts of sodium hexadecylbenzene sulfonate into 200 parts of water by weight, adding the fly ash composite particles obtained in the step, keeping the immersed state for 24-96h, adsorbing the plant antibiotic in pore channels of the fly ash composite particles, taking out the fly ash composite particles, and airing at room temperature for later use to obtain the fly ash composite particles adsorbing the plant antibiotic.
Preferably, the fly ash is solid waste discharged from a coal-fired power plant, and the main component of the fly ash is SiO2、Al2O3. Preferably, the density of the fly ash is 1.8-2.5g/cm3The particle diameter of the particles is 1-50 μm.
Preferably, the biological fermentation compound amino acid is a mixture of valine, aspartic acid, leucine and glutamic acid, and the weight ratio of the biological fermentation compound amino acid to the glutamic acid is preferably 2-3: 4-6: 3-5: 6-10, and more preferably 2: 5: 4: 8.
The second aspect of the invention discloses a preparation method of the plant gracillin slow-release fertilizer, which comprises the steps of weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, and then putting the raw materials into a stirrer together to stir for 15-30min to obtain the plant gracillin slow-release fertilizer.
The invention discloses an application of the plant antibiotic slow-release fertilizer, which is a fertilizer for potted plants.
The invention achieves remarkable technical effects.
The invention creatively uses the fly ash in the slow release fertilizer of the potted plant, thereby improving the slow release effect. The fly ash composite particles prepared by the invention change waste into valuable, the fly ash, vermiculite and sepiolite in the raw materials have rich pore channel structures, and the alumina is used as an inorganic adhesive to bond the components together after roasting; the sodium gluconate and the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose serve as organic pore-enlarging agents, so that the pore channel structure of the fly ash composite particles is enriched, the prepared fly ash composite particles have rich pore channels, plant-derived crocin is distributed in the pore channels after impregnation, and due to the adsorption effect of the pore channels on the plant-derived crocin, after the fertilizer disclosed by the invention is applied, the plant-derived crocin is slowly released, has a slow release function, and can keep long-term insecticidal and bactericidal effects.
The biological fermentation compound amino acid in the slow release fertilizer can adsorb nitrogen fertilizer, reduce volatilization loss, stimulate the growth of plant root systems and absorb and utilize nutrients.
The bentonite, the diatomite and the borax in the slow release fertilizer are compounded together to enhance the growth space of a plant root system, and the slow release fertilizer further enhances the slow release effect due to the pore structure, can adsorb moisture and can keep moisture for a long time.
After being compounded, the manganese sulfate, the calcium sulfate, the ferric sulfate, the ammonium nitrate, the potassium nitrate and the ammonium chloride can meet the nutrient requirement for plant growth and stimulate the plant growth.
The plant antibiotic slow release fertilizer provided by the invention changes waste into valuable, has considerable economic and environmental benefits, can slowly release plant antibiotic, has a slow release function, has a long-term insecticidal and bactericidal effect on roots, can last for half a year, does not reduce the fertilizer efficiency for a long time, and is suitable for potted plants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the slow release fertilizer of phytoncide of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further detailed in the following by combining the drawings in the specification and specific embodiments.
Example 1
Preparing the fly ash composite particles for adsorbing the phytokexin:
step (1), weighing 10 parts of coal ash, 5 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of sepiolite, 5 parts of aluminum oxide, 1 part of sodium gluconate and 1 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose in sequence according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, crushing, adding 100 parts of water, stirring, granulating, drying, roasting at 350 ℃ for 5 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain coal ash composite particles;
and (2) dispersing 1 part of plant antibiotic and 0.12 part of sodium hexadecylbenzene sulfonate into 100 parts of water according to parts by weight, adding the fly ash composite particles obtained in the step, keeping the immersed state for 24 hours, adsorbing the plant antibiotic in pore channels of the fly ash composite particles, taking out the fly ash composite particles, and airing the fly ash composite particles at room temperature for later use to obtain the fly ash composite particles adsorbing the plant antibiotic.
Example 2
Preparing the fly ash composite particles for adsorbing the phytokexin:
step (1), weighing 20 parts of coal ash, 10 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of sepiolite, 10 parts of aluminum oxide, 5 parts of sodium gluconate and 5 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose in sequence according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, crushing, adding 300 parts of water, stirring, granulating, drying, roasting at 500 ℃ for 4 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain coal ash composite particles;
and (2) dispersing 5 parts of phytochrome and 02 parts of sodium hexadecylbenzene sulfonate into 200 parts of water according to parts by weight, adding the fly ash composite particles obtained in the step, keeping the immersed state for 96 hours, adsorbing the phytochrome in pore channels of the fly ash composite particles, taking out the fly ash composite particles, and airing the fly ash composite particles at room temperature for later use to obtain the fly ash composite particles adsorbing the phytochrome.
Example 3
Preparing the plant antibiotic slow release fertilizer:
weighing 90 parts of fly ash composite particles adsorbing phytokexin in example 1, 5 parts of biological fermentation compound amino acid, 10 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of diatomite, 6 parts of borax, 3 parts of manganese sulfate, 6 parts of calcium sulfate, 6 parts of ferric sulfate, 3 parts of ammonium nitrate, 3 parts of potassium nitrate and 3 parts of ammonium chloride; then all the raw materials are put into a stirrer together and stirred for 30min, and the plant-allelochemicals slow-release fertilizer is obtained.
Example 4
Preparing the plant antibiotic slow release fertilizer:
weighing 50 parts of fly ash composite particles adsorbing phytokexin in example 2, 1 part of biological fermentation compound amino acid, 5 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of diatomite, 2 parts of borax, 0.1 part of manganese sulfate, 2 parts of calcium sulfate, 1 part of ferric sulfate, 0.1 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.1 part of potassium nitrate and 0.1 part of ammonium chloride; then all the raw materials are put into a stirrer together and stirred for 20min, and the plant-allelochemicals slow-release fertilizer is obtained.
Example 5
Weighing 80 parts of fly ash composite particles adsorbing phytokexin in example 2, 2 parts of biological fermentation compound amino acid, 6 parts of bentonite, 6 parts of diatomite, 2 parts of borax, 0.6 part of manganese sulfate, 2 parts of calcium sulfate, 2 parts of ferric sulfate, 0.8 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.2 part of potassium nitrate and 0.3 part of ammonium chloride; then all the raw materials are put into a stirrer together and stirred for 25min, and the plant-allelochemicals slow-release fertilizer is obtained.
The biological fermentation compound amino acids used in the above examples 2-5 are all mixtures of valine, aspartic acid, leucine and glutamic acid in a ratio of 2: 5: 4: 8.
Comparative example 1
Weighing 79 parts of fly ash, 1 part of phytokexin, 2 parts of biological fermentation compound amino acid, 6 parts of bentonite, 6 parts of diatomite, 2 parts of borax, 0.6 part of manganese sulfate, 2 parts of calcium sulfate, 2 parts of ferric sulfate, 0.8 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.2 part of potassium nitrate and 0.3 part of ammonium chloride; then all the raw materials are put into a stirrer together and stirred for 25min, and the fertilizer is obtained.
The slow release effects of the fertilizers of examples 3-5 and comparative example 1 are compared, and the bactericidal effect is detected, so that the slow release capability of examples 3 and 4 reaches 5 months, the slow release capability of example 5 reaches 6 months, and the bactericidal capability of comparative example 1 can only be maintained for 18 days.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred examples of the technical solutions of the present invention, and do not limit the technical solutions of the present invention, and any product with the concept falling within the scope of the claims of the present invention infringes the patent rights of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The use of a plant antibiotic slow release fertilizer is characterized in that the slow release fertilizer is used as a fertilizer for killing insects and bacteria at the roots of potted plants growing in pots;
the plant antibiotic slow release fertilizer comprises, by weight, 50-90 parts of fly ash composite particles for adsorbing plant antibiotic, 1-5 parts of biological fermentation composite amino acid, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 5-10 parts of diatomite, 2-6 parts of borax, 0.1-3 parts of manganese sulfate, 2-6 parts of calcium sulfate, 1-6 parts of ferric sulfate, 0.1-3 parts of ammonium nitrate, 0.1-3 parts of potassium nitrate and 0.1-3 parts of ammonium chloride; the preparation method of the plant antibiotic slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, and then putting the raw materials into a stirrer together to stir for 15-30min to obtain the product;
the fly ash composite particles for adsorbing the phytokexin comprise phytokexin and fly ash composite particles;
wherein, the biological fermentation compound amino acid is microbial fermentation compound amino acid; the biological fermentation compound amino acid is a mixture consisting of valine, aspartic acid, leucine and glutamic acid, and the weight ratio of the biological fermentation compound amino acid to the glutamic acid is 2-3: 4-6: 3-5: 6-10;
the preparation method of the fly ash composite particles for adsorbing the phytokexin comprises the following steps:
step (1), weighing 10-20 parts of coal ash, 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of sepiolite, 5-10 parts of aluminum oxide, 1-5 parts of sodium gluconate and 1-5 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose in sequence according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, crushing, adding 300 parts of water, stirring, granulating, drying, roasting at the temperature of 350-500 ℃ for 3-5 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain coal ash composite particles; wherein the density of the fly ash is 1.8-2.5g/cm3The particle size of the particles is 1-50 mu m;
and (2) dispersing 1-5 parts of phytochrome and 0.1-2 parts of sodium hexadecylbenzene sulfonate into 200 parts of water by weight, adding the fly ash composite particles obtained in the step (1), keeping the immersed state for 24-96h, adsorbing the phytochrome in pore channels of the fly ash composite particles, taking out the fly ash composite particles, and airing at room temperature for later use to obtain the fly ash composite particles adsorbing the phytochrome.
2. The use of the composite particle of the fly ash for adsorbing the phytochrome as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite particle comprises 80 parts of fly ash composite particles for adsorbing the phytochrome, 2 parts of biological fermentation composite amino acid, 6 parts of bentonite, 6 parts of diatomite, 2 parts of borax, 0.6 part of manganese sulfate, 2 parts of calcium sulfate, 2 parts of ferric sulfate, 0.8 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.2 part of potassium nitrate and 0.3 part of ammonium chloride.
3. Use according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash is solid waste from coal-fired power plants.
4. The use of claim 1, wherein the complex amino acid is valine, aspartic acid, leucine, glutamic acid in a weight ratio of 2: 5: 4: 8.
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| WO2016085991A1 (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-06-02 | Oil-Dri Corporation Of America | Granule for delivering humates and uses thereof |
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| CN101857482A (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-13 | 侯金荣 | Microcapsule insecticide-fertilizer preparation, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104446614B (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2017-07-14 | 湖北富邦科技股份有限公司 | A kind of multi-functional composite balls charcoal and preparation method thereof |
| CN104430323A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-03-25 | 北京农学院 | Controlled-release pesticide granules |
| CN105494325A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-04-20 | 江苏仁信作物保护技术有限公司 | Application of coal ash serving as pesticide granule filler |
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