CN106513425B - Scrapped circuit board destroying and processing system - Google Patents
Scrapped circuit board destroying and processing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106513425B CN106513425B CN201611191587.4A CN201611191587A CN106513425B CN 106513425 B CN106513425 B CN 106513425B CN 201611191587 A CN201611191587 A CN 201611191587A CN 106513425 B CN106513425 B CN 106513425B
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- ring hammer
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- hammer crusher
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/02—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft
- B02C13/04—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters hinged to the rotor; Hammer mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
- B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/20—Magnetic separation whereby the particles to be separated are in solid form
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a scrapped circuit board destroying and processing system, and belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment. The invention comprises a crushing subsystem, a sorting subsystem, a purifying subsystem, a material conveying subsystem and a control subsystem; scrap the circuit board and get into crushing subsystem and smash, kibbling mischgewebe gets into the separation subsystem and selects separately and retrieves, and dust and waste gas discharge up to standard after the purification subsystem is handled, and the material transport subsystem is carried the material, and the control subsystem is to smashing subsystem, separation subsystem, purification subsystem, material transport subsystem control, realizes automatic transport, crushing, selects separately and purifies. The invention aims to carry out safe, pollution-free and pollution-free disassembly and destruction on the scrapped circuit board, recover valuable components and meet the national emission standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a scrapped circuit board destroying and treating system.
Background
With the rapid development of information technology, electronic equipment is becoming an essential important component of modern high-tech weaponry. The printed wiring board is a core component of various electronic product devices as a basic element of the electronic device, and is an indispensable component. With the increasing upgrading of optoelectronic devices and the increasing speed of electronic components, the number of electronic devices being scrapped is increasing at a remarkable rate, and the printed circuit board, which is a key and most basic component in various electronic and electrical products, is one of the main sources of electronic waste.
The scrapped circuit board not only occupies a huge share in quantity, but also contains a large amount of high-value recycled components such as nonferrous metals, ferrous metals, plastics and the like. Meanwhile, the scrapped circuit board is a basic carrier of an equipment sensing, controlling, storing and executing system, contains a large amount of data information related to technical indexes and equipment technical content, and is an important entry point for developing equipment reverse engineering and reverse design, acquiring various data information such as equipment design information, resume information, application information and the like, and judging and evaluating the development level of the equipment. If these boards are not completely destroyed but are introduced into local destruction processing enterprises through market routes, the loss is difficult to estimate once the information is leaked.
The scrapped circuit board contains non-decomposable toxic substances, and if the circuit board is not processed, the circuit board can be randomly stacked or buried, so that great threat can be brought to the environment. The waste printed circuit boards are a typical electronic waste, and besides precious metals and rare metals which have high values, heavy metals which cause great harm to the environment, such as lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury and the like, also exist in the waste printed circuit boards. In addition, the material also contains organic substances such as polyvinyl chloride plastics, phthalate ester, brominated flame retardants and the like, and even contains persistent toxic organic substances such as polychlorinated biphenyl and the like. If environmental management is not carried out, a special mechanism carries out recovery and adopts technologies and equipment meeting the environmental protection requirements to carry out harmless treatment and disposal on the materials, so that serious harm is inevitably caused to the living environment and health of people.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a scrapped circuit board destroying and processing system, which aims to carry out safe, pollution-free and pollution-free disintegration and destruction on scrapped circuit boards, recover valuable components and meet the national emission standard.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a scrapped circuit board destroying treatment system comprises a crushing subsystem, a sorting subsystem, a purifying subsystem, a material conveying subsystem and a control subsystem; scrap the circuit board and get into crushing subsystem and smash, kibbling misce bene gets into sorting subsystem and selects separately and retrieves, and dust and waste gas discharge up to standard after purifying subsystem handles, and material transport subsystem carries the material, and control subsystem controls crushing subsystem, sorting subsystem, purification subsystem, material transport subsystem, realizes automatic transport, smashes, selects separately and purifies.
Furthermore, the crushing subsystem comprises a primary ring hammer crusher and a secondary ring hammer crusher, the primary ring hammer crusher comprises a shell, a feed inlet is formed in the upper portion of the shell, a rotor is arranged at the bottom in the shell, a plurality of ring hammers are arranged on the rotor, a sieve plate is arranged below the rotor, a gap is reserved between the end portion of each ring hammer and the sieve plate, and the rotor is connected with a motor in a driving mode;
furthermore, the structure of the secondary ring hammer crusher is different from that of the primary ring hammer crusher in that the diameter of a sieve hole of a sieve plate on the primary ring hammer crusher is larger than that of a sieve hole of a sieve plate installed on the secondary ring hammer crusher.
Furthermore, the section of the sieve plate on the primary ring hammer crusher is arc-shaped and wraps the periphery of the ring hammer, impact plates fixedly connected with the inside of the shell are arranged at two ends of the sieve plate respectively, and the impact plates are fixed or overlapped with two ends of the sieve plate;
furthermore, the sieve plate of the secondary ring hammer crusher has the same structure as the sieve plate of the primary ring hammer crusher, and the installation mode is the same.
Furthermore, 3-6 ring hammers are a group, are divided into a plurality of groups and are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the rotor, each group is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor, the ring hammers on the two adjacent groups are arranged in a staggered mode, and the structure and the distribution mode of the ring hammers on the first stage and the second stage are the same.
Furthermore, counterattack plates are arranged at the feed inlet of the primary ring hammer crusher and the feed inlet of the secondary ring hammer crusher and are connected with the inner wall of the shell; the inner wall of the shell is provided with a guard plate.
Furthermore, the separation subsystem comprises a linear screening machine, a rotary vibration screening machine and an electrostatic separator, the rotary vibration screening machine comprises an upright vibration motor, an upper layer of screen and a lower layer of screen, eccentric weights are mounted at the upper end and the lower end of the upright vibration motor, a break-back discharge port is arranged between the upper layer of screen and the lower layer of screen, a screening discharge port is arranged below the lower layer of screen, and the mesh number of the upper layer of screen is larger than that of the lower layer of screen; the materials crushed by the self-crushing subsystem are conveyed to a linear screening machine through a material conveying subsystem, the materials with qualified particle sizes are separated by a rotary vibration screening machine and enter an electrostatic separator to realize the separation of metal and nonmetal materials, and the separated materials with large particle sizes enter a secondary ring hammer crusher again to be crushed.
Furthermore, the rotary vibration screening machine comprises four layers of screens, two layers of screens are arranged between the upper layer of screen and the lower layer of screen, a back-breaking discharge port is arranged between every two layers of screens, a screening discharge port is arranged below the lower layer of screen, and the mesh number of each layer of screen is gradually decreased from top to bottom.
The electrostatic separator comprises a shell, the upper end of the shell is a separator feeding hole, a separator discharging hole is formed in the lower half portion of the shell, a feeding shaft is arranged below the separator feeding hole, a material stirring structure is arranged on the feeding shaft, an upper roller is arranged below the feeding shaft, a lower roller which is the same as the upper roller in rotation direction is arranged below the upper roller, an upper high-voltage electrode which is used for adsorbing metal materials and is wrapped in an arc structure of the roller is arranged on one side of the upper roller in the downward rotation direction, a lower high-voltage electrode which is the same in structure is arranged on one side of the lower roller, the upper high-voltage electrode and the lower high-voltage electrode are arranged on the same side, a partition plate and an adjustable baffle plate are arranged between the upper roller and the lower roller, the partition plate is obliquely arranged on the opposite side of the upper high-voltage electrode, the upper end of the partition plate is connected with the inner wall of the shell, the lower end of the partition plate is at least positioned above the highest end of the lower roller, and a certain gap is kept; the adjustable baffle is arranged on the same side of the upper high-voltage electrode and between the upper high-voltage electrode and the lower high-voltage electrode, a separated metal discharge port is arranged on the lower right side of the lower roller, and a non-metal discharge port is arranged on the lower left side of the lower roller.
Furthermore, the material stirring structure on the feeding shaft is carding teeth uniformly arranged on the circumferential surface of the feeding shaft.
Furthermore, the middle-lower part of one side of the upper roller and the lower roller, which is opposite to the high-voltage electrode, is provided with a discharging brush.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects: the scrapped circuit board destroying treatment system provided by the invention adopts a two-stage impact mechanical crushing process to crush scrapped circuit board waste into tinfoil paper, metal and nonmetal mixed powder, and utilizes linear screening, rotary vibration screening and electrostatic separation multiple sorting to completely separate the tinfoil paper, the metal and nonmetal mixed powder, so that the integrated crushing and sorting, small disassembly and destruction and complete destruction of the scrapped circuit board are met, the comprehensive recovery of valuable components of the scrapped circuit board is realized, the purposes of no original shape preservation, no assembly, no repair, no use and no leakage are achieved, and dust, waste gas and noise meet the national emission standard after being treated by the system.
The invention has the advantages of reliable treatment process, simple operation, convenient maintenance, small occupied space, low investment cost and low operating cost, and is suitable for destroying treatment of circuit boards with components and copper-clad plates.
The invention adopts an automatic assembly line processing system, thereby greatly reducing the labor intensity and the complexity of operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a one-stage ring hammer crusher of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the two-stage ring hammer crusher of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the configuration of the ring hammer crusher rotor of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the vibratory screening machine of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the rotary vibratory screening machine of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a high-voltage electrostatic separator according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a functional schematic of the control subsystem;
in the figure: 1, a feeding port; 2, a first-stage ring hammer crusher; 201 a baffle plate; 202 a counterattack plate; 203 a screen panel; 204 a rotor; 205 a housing; 206 guard board; 207 a feed inlet; 208 a strike plate; 209 ring hammer; 3, a wind power feeding machine; 4, a two-stage ring hammer type crusher; 5, closing an air blanking machine; 6, a linear sieving machine; 7, a tin foil paper outlet; 8, a rotary vibration screening machine; 801 mesh screen; breaking the discharge hole at 802; 803 screening the discharge hole; 804 rotating and vibrating the feed inlet; 805 an eccentric weight; 806 a vibration motor; 9, a ventilation fan; 10 pulse bag type dust collector; 11, an electrostatic separator; 1101 a feed shaft; 1102 upper high voltage electrode; 1103 adjustable baffle; 1104 feeding machine; 1105 a discharge brush; 1106 partition plates; 1107 lower roller; 1108 an upper roller; 1109 lower high voltage electrode; 12 a metal discharge hole; 13 a non-metal discharge hole; 14, an activated carbon adsorption tank; 15 an exhaust gas outlet; 16 sound-proof enclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
The invention provides a scrapped circuit board destruction processing system, the process flow of the embodiment of the scrapped circuit board destruction processing system is shown in figure 1, and figure 2 is a layout diagram of the embodiment of the invention, and the scrapped circuit board destruction processing system comprises a crushing subsystem, a sorting subsystem, a purifying subsystem, a material conveying subsystem and a control subsystem; scrap the circuit board and get into crushing subsystem and smash, kibbling misce bene gets into sorting subsystem and selects separately and retrieves, and dust and waste gas discharge up to standard after purifying subsystem handles, and material transport subsystem carries the material, and control subsystem controls crushing subsystem, sorting subsystem, purification subsystem, material transport subsystem, realizes automatic transport, smashes, selects separately and purifies. As shown in fig. 2, the present invention optimizes the layout of subsystems according to the principle of "one-stop optimal layout process and integrated intensive space utilization".
Because the scrapped circuit board has higher hardness, better toughness and good bending resistance, is mostly flat, metal and nonmetal are difficult to separate by one-time crushing, the types of substances contained are more, and the metal has a winding phenomenon after dissociation; and the mechanical strength of each component in the discarded circuit board is different, so that the components have different behaviors in the impact crushing process. Fragile and fragile materials are easy to crush, and hard and tough materials are not easy to crush. For example, metal copper and aluminum in the circuit board have good ductility, are easy to bend and deform under the action of tensile force and impact force, are difficult to crack or break, and are easy to enrich in a coarse level in the crushing process; the metal tin, antimony and aluminum are brittle and easy to crush preferentially and concentrate in a finer grade in the crushing process; the nonmetal resin and the glass fiber have integral toughness, when the nonmetal resin and the glass fiber are impacted at high speed, the resin matrix is smashed, and the smashing mode of the circuit board is converted into layering and fiber fracture from pure layering; the crushed resin is brittle and fragile at normal temperature and cannot resist impact.
Therefore, considering comprehensively from the aspects of technical reliability, complexity, environmental influence, treatment cost and the like, selecting a scrapped circuit board destroying treatment production line with low treatment difficulty and low running cost, adopting a two-stage impact mechanical crushing process to crush scrapped circuit boards into tinfoil paper and mixed powder of metal and nonmetal (resin and glass fiber), and completely separating the tinfoil paper, the metal and the nonmetal mixed powder by utilizing linear screening, rotary vibration screening and electrostatic separation multiple sorting.
The two-stage impact mechanical crushing process provided by the embodiment of the invention is a crushing subsystem comprising a first-stage ring hammer crusher 2 and a second-stage ring hammer crusher 4, and is used for roughly crushing and finely crushing circuit board materials. Referring to fig. 3 and 5, which are schematic structural diagrams of a rotor 204, a first-stage ring hammer crusher 2 roughly crushes materials and comprises a shell 205, a feed inlet 207, namely a feed inlet 1 in fig. 2, is arranged at the upper part of the shell 205, the rotor 204 is arranged at the bottom in the shell 205, a plurality of ring hammers 209 are arranged on the rotor 204, a sieve plate 203 is arranged below the rotor 204, a gap is reserved between the end part of each ring hammer 209 and the sieve plate 203, and the rotor 204 is connected with a motor drive. After the materials enter the crusher, the materials are impacted by the ring hammer 209 rotating at a high speed by the rotor 204 in the crushing cavity to be crushed, the crushed materials obtain kinetic energy from the ring hammer 209 at the same time, the kinetic energy is impacted to the impact plate 208 at a high speed to be crushed for the second time, then the crushed materials fall on the sieve plate 203 and are sheared, extruded and ground by the ring hammer 209 and mutually collided, further crushed materials are obtained, and the crushed materials are discharged out of the crusher through sieve holes. The device is suitable for soft materials and materials with high hardness, and has the advantages of stable discharge granularity, easy operation and convenient maintenance and cavity cleaning.
Here, in order to further explain the material quality of the ring hammer according to the present invention, since the ring hammer receives the reverse impact of the material when the material is crushed and the ring hammer is not subjected to impact crushing during use, the maximum hardness of the ring hammer material selected according to the present invention is 484HB, and the nobelium type molybdenum vanadium steel having a hardness of 510 is selected as the ring hammer material.
The distance between the ring hammer and the sieve plate is further selected, when the distance between the ring hammer and the sieve plate is selected to be 2-4 mm according to a touch test, material accumulation exists in a cavity of the ring hammer crusher, and the crushing capacity of a circuit board is 60-90 Kg/h; when the distance between the ring hammer and the sieve plate is selected to be 1-2 mm, no material is accumulated in the cavity of the ring hammer crusher, and the crushing capacity of the circuit board is 100-150 Kg/h; when the distance between the ring hammer and the sieve plate is less than 1mm, no material is accumulated in the cavity of the ring hammer crusher, and the crushing capacity of the circuit board is 70-120 Kg/h. Therefore, according to a touch test, the minimum distance between the ring hammer and the sieve plate is selected to be 1.5mm, and the set production capacity of the circuit board is met.
The sieve plate is selected such that the discharging granularity of a circuit board crushed by the primary ring hammer crusher 2 is 0.5-2mm through a touch test, the aperture of the sieve plate is selected to be 8mm according to the touch test, the thickness of the sieve plate is 8mm, and the discharging granularity meets the requirement; the discharge granularity of the circuit board crushed by the second-stage ring hammer crusher 4 is 0.05-0.8mm, the aperture of the sieve plate is 2.5mm according to a touch test, the thickness of the sieve plate is 2.5mm, and the discharge granularity meets the requirement. The ring hammer crusher is suitable for soft materials and materials with high hardness, and has the advantages of stable discharge granularity, easy operation and convenient maintenance and cavity cleaning.
The second-stage ring hammer crusher 4 finely crushes the materials, and as shown in fig. 4, the structure of the second-stage ring hammer crusher 2 is different from that of the first-stage ring hammer crusher 2 in that the sieve mesh diameter of the sieve plate 203 on the first-stage ring hammer crusher 2 is larger than that of the sieve plate 203 mounted on the second-stage ring hammer crusher 4, the size of the first-stage ring hammer crusher 2 is larger than the overall size of the second-stage ring hammer crusher 4, the discharge particle size of the first-stage ring hammer crusher 2 is 0.5-2mm, and the discharge particle size of the second-stage ring hammer crusher 4 is 0.05-0.8mm. The primary ring hammer type crusher 2 is used for primarily crushing and primarily screening the entering circuit board, the screened particles of the crushed substances enter the secondary ring hammer type crusher 4 from the screen 801 to continue crushing according with the requirement, and the particles which cannot enter from the screen 801 return to be crushed again. The secondary ring hammer crusher 4 crushes the entering crushed materials more finely.
The section of a sieve plate 203 on a first-stage ring hammer crusher 2 is arc-shaped and wraps the periphery of a ring hammer, two ends of the sieve plate 203 are respectively provided with an impact plate 208 fixedly connected with the inside of a shell 205, and the impact plates 208 are fixed or lapped with two ends of the sieve plate 203; the sieve plate 203 of the second-stage ring hammer crusher 4 has the same structure as the sieve plate 203 of the first-stage ring hammer crusher 2, and the installation mode is the same. The crushed material obtains kinetic energy at the position of the ring hammer, and the impact plate 208 is subjected to secondary crushing in a high-speed impact manner, so that the crushing effect is further improved.
The invention has a plurality of ring hammers 3-6 as one group, which are divided into a plurality of groups and uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the rotor 204, each group is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor 204, the ring hammers 209 on the adjacent two groups are arranged in a staggered way, and the structure and the distribution mode of the ring hammers 209 on the first stage and the second stage are the same. This arrangement of the ring hammers 209 can provide a material crushing effect.
The impact plates 202 are arranged at the feed inlet 207 of the primary ring hammer crusher 2 and the feed inlet of the secondary ring hammer crusher 4, the impact plates 202 are connected with the inner wall of the shell 205, and the impact plates 202 can perform secondary crushing on materials rotating at high speed, so that the crushing effect is improved; the material impacts the inner wall of the crusher along with the rotation of the rotor 204 rotating at high speed, so that the inner wall of the shell 205 is easily damaged, and the protective plate 206 is arranged on the inner wall of the crusher shell 205, thereby reducing the cost and time for repairing the damaged equipment. A baffle 201 is further arranged between the impact plate 202 and the feed inlet 207, and the baffle 201 is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the shell 205, so that the feed inlet 207 can be closed at any time, and the flying of particles is avoided. Wherein the crushed material sent out from the primary ring hammer crusher 2 is fed to the secondary ring hammer crusher 4 through the wind power feeding machine 3.
The sorting subsystem provided by the invention comprises a linear screening machine 6, a rotary vibration screening machine 8 and an electrostatic separator 11, wherein the linear screening machine 6 is used for sorting tin foil paper in circuit board powder materials and consists of 806 screen plates. 806 provide an excitation source and the screen 801 sorts the foil which is fed out through the foil outlet 7. The linear sieving machine 6 compares the material particles with the sizes of the sieve pores, the particles smaller than the sizes of the sieve pores fall to the undersize to become undersize, and the particles larger than the sizes of the sieve pores are left on the sieve surface to become oversize. Vibratory separation of particulate matter is a very complex process, and particulate matter can exhibit a variety of complex motion behaviors such as size separation motion, mixing motion, convection motion, and surface standing waves under vibratory excitation, and is susceptible to factors such as particle size composition, particle shape, and humidity of the screened material. According to the test, when the length of the screen 801 of the linear sieving machine 6 is 80cm and the width of the screen 801 is 35cm, the sorting requirement of circuit board materials of 100-150 Kg/h is met, the specification of the screen 801 is 10 meshes, namely 2mm, but the screen 801 is not limited to the specification, and the screen 801 can be decreased progressively according to all levels of screens 801 in the whole system. The linear sieving machine 6 has the advantages of maintenance free, strong magnetic force, long service life, no sticking to a cylinder, no rolling, simple installation, convenient use, reliable operation and the like.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the rotary vibration screening machine 8 provided by the invention comprises an upright 806, an upper screen 801 and a lower screen 801, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the upright 806 are provided with eccentric weights 805, a break-back discharge hole 802 is arranged between the upper screen and the lower screen, a screening discharge hole 803 is arranged below the lower screen, and the mesh number of the upper screen is larger than that of the lower screen; the materials crushed by the self-crushing subsystem are conveyed to a linear sieving machine 6 through a material conveying subsystem, the materials with qualified particle sizes are separated by a rotary vibration sieving machine 8 and enter an electrostatic separator 11 to realize the separation of metal and nonmetal materials, and the separated materials with large particle sizes enter a secondary ring hammer type crusher 4 again to be crushed again. The rotary vibration screening machine 8 mainly separates qualified circuit board materials, the circuit board materials enter the high-voltage electrostatic separator 11 for separation, and the materials with overlarge particle sizes enter the secondary ring hammer crusher again for crushing. Vertical 806 provides an excitation source and the shaker screens the material. The vertical motor is used as an excitation source, the upper end and the lower end of the motor are provided with eccentric heavy hammers 805, the rotary motion of the motor is converted into horizontal, vertical and inclined three-dimensional motion, and the motion is transmitted to a screen surface to realize material screening. Qualified materials with the particle size are conveyed to the electrostatic separator 11 from the discharge port through wind power, and materials with the overlarge particle size are conveyed to the ring hammer type crusher through the back breaking discharge port 802 through wind power for back breaking. According to the design requirement of 100-150 Kg/h separation capacity, two layers of screens are selected to meet the separation capacity according to the experiment, the diameter of the screen is 0.73m, the upper layer screen is 14 meshes (1.4 mm), and the lower layer screen is 20 meshes (0.85 mm). The screen mesh has the specifications of 14 meshes on the upper layer and 20 meshes on the lower layer, and has the advantages of low noise, high efficiency, small volume, easy screen replacement, no mesh blockage, no powder flying, automatic discharge of impurities and coarse materials, exquisite and durable structure, simple operation and continuous operation.
The rotary vibration screening machine 8 comprises four layers of screens 801, two layers of screens are further arranged between the upper layer of screen and the lower layer of screen, a back breaking discharge hole 802 is arranged between every two layers of screens, a screening discharge hole 803 is arranged below the lower layer of screen, and the mesh number of each layer of screen is gradually decreased from top to bottom.
As shown in fig. 8, an electrostatic separator 11 provided by the present invention includes a housing, an upper end of the housing is a separator feed inlet, a separator discharge outlet is disposed at a lower half portion of the housing, a feed shaft 1101 is disposed below the separator feed inlet, a material pulling structure is disposed on the feed shaft 1101, an upper drum 1108 is disposed below the feed shaft 1101, a lower drum 1107 having the same rotation direction as the upper drum 1108 is disposed below the upper drum 1108, an upper voltage electrode 1102 having an arc structure surrounding the drum for adsorbing metal materials is disposed at a downward side of the rotation direction of the upper drum 1108, a lower voltage electrode 1109 having the same structure is disposed at one side of the lower drum 1107, the upper voltage electrode 1102 and the lower voltage electrode 1109 are disposed at the same side, a partition plate 1106 and an adjustable baffle plate 1103 are disposed between the upper drum 1108 and the lower drum 1107, the partition plate 1106 is disposed at a side opposite to the upper voltage electrode 1102 and has an upper end connected to an inner wall of the housing, and a lower end of the partition plate is at least above a highest end of the lower drum 1107 and maintains a certain gap; the adjustable baffle 1103 is on the same side of the upper high voltage electrode 1102 and between the upper high voltage electrode 1102 and the lower high voltage electrode 1109, and there are separated metal discharge port 12 at the right lower part of the lower roller 1107 and non-metal discharge port 13 at the left lower part thereof.
Further, the material stirring structure on the feeding shaft 1101 is the carding teeth uniformly arranged on the circumferential surface of the feeding shaft 1101, and the carding teeth play a role in stirring and conveying and are helpful for propelling materials.
Further, the middle-lower part of one side of the upper roller 1108 and the lower roller 1107 opposite to the high-voltage electrode is provided with a discharging brush 1105, the length of the discharging brush 1105 is equivalent to that of the rollers, two ends of the discharging brush 1105 are fixed on the inner wall of the shell of the electrostatic separator 11, and a gap is left between the discharging brush 1105 and the rollers on the radial extension line of the rollers, so that the rollers can rotate freely.
The electrostatic separator 11 is composed of a drum motor, a wind conveyor, a box body and a high-voltage generator, and mainly separates metal powder from non-metal powder. The principle is as follows: the wind power conveyer conveys the circuit board material to the upper part of the box body, the rotary drum motor provides power for the rotary drum, and the high voltage generator, namely the upper and lower high voltage electrodes 1109, generates a high voltage electric field. The sorting aim is achieved by utilizing the difference of electrical property of materials in a high-voltage electric field, when the materials are fed into a positive high-voltage electric field and an auxiliary high-voltage electric field acted by a corona electrode by a feeding shaft, the metal materials are adsorbed and collected by the positive high-voltage electric field and are unloaded from a metal material outlet, the non-metal materials are tightly adsorbed on the surface of a rotary drum and rotate to the rear until being brushed by an unloading brush 1105, and the non-metal materials are unloaded from a non-metal discharge port 13 and enter a feeder 1104 to be conveyed to the next procedure, so that the separation of metal and non-metal mixtures is realized. According to the design requirement of 100-150 Kg/h separation capacity, according to the experiment, the single roller with the diameter of 0.325m and the length of 1m is selected to meet the separation capacity and the highest voltage of 30KV. The electrostatic separator has the characteristics of easy operation, convenient maintenance, high separation purity, low noise, low energy consumption, no pollution due to complete physical separation, no change in the properties of materials after separation, no influence on recycling and the like.
The purification subsystem of the present invention includes a pulse bag filter and an activated carbon adsorption tank 14, which is mainly used to remove dust and harmful gas components in the gas.
The pulse bag type dust collector 10 is composed of an electromagnetic pulse valve, a blowing pipe, a gas storage bag, a cloth bag, a fluid director, a controller, a box body, a gas source (an air compressor) and a ventilation fan 9, and is used for ventilation and mainly removing dust in gas.
The principle of the dust removal system is that in the process of enabling dust-containing gas to enter a box body through a cloth bag, the dust is separated under the action of the cloth bag and various effects, dust is adsorbed on a filter bag, the gas penetrates through the filter bag and is discharged from an air outlet, the gas quantity of the dust-containing gas passing through the filter bag is gradually reduced, a pulse controller sends out instructions at regular time, pulse electromagnetic valves are started in sequence, compressed air in a gas storage bag is sprayed out instantaneously from a spraying pipe, the filter bag rapidly expands under the action of instantaneous reverse airflow, the dust adsorbed on the outer surface of the filter bag falls off, the filter bag is regenerated, the cleaned dust falls into a dust storehouse, and the dust deposited on the filter bag is removed by periodic spraying, so that purified gas normally passes through the dust removal system, and normal operation of the dust removal system is guaranteed. According to the air quantity of waste gas and dust generated by the crushing subsystem and the sorting system, the maximum air quantity is 1300m 3 And h, selecting 32 pulse bag type dust removal cloth bags, wherein the pulse aeration interval time is 10s, and the aeration time is 1.5s. The high-efficiency dust removal and purification equipment of the pulse bag type dust collector has the advantages of good dust removal effect, high purification efficiency, large gas handling capacity, long service life of a filter bag, small maintenance workload, safe and reliable operation, high automation degree and the like, belongs to the dust collector for strong dust removal, and is the most international and efficient filter bag dust collector at present due to the advantages.
The activated carbon adsorption tank 14 is a gas-solid separation method for removing organic waste gas and water from air by using the adsorption of the microporous structure of activated carbon on solvent molecules or molecular groupsThe gas is discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 15. When the waste gas is uniformly introduced into the active carbon adsorption layer through the sieve plate, the organic waste gas and the moisture are adsorbed by the active carbon, so that the waste gas is purified. The minimum air quantity of the pulsating bag type dust collector fan is 2664m 3 The caliber of a waste gas inlet channel is selected to be 280mm multiplied by 250mm to meet the air volume passing requirement through a bottom-touch test, and the maximum processing air volume is 5184m 3 The gas filtering panel is a round hole with the diameter of 5mm, and the hole pitch is 0.2mm. The activated carbon adsorption tank has the characteristics of stable chemical property, easy regeneration, stable chemical property, acid resistance, alkali resistance, small adsorption loss, adsorption of various gas substances with different molecular sizes and the like.
The control subsystem comprises a PLC (programmable logic controller) control cabinet, an overload protector, a short-circuit protector and a phase failure protector. The PLC control cabinet is a complete set which takes PLC as a core control unit, can realize the control of the electrical cabinet by equipment such as a motor, a fan and the like, and realizes the automatic control of a single cabinet. The control subsystem is a complete set of control unit taking PLC as a core, realizes the automatic or manual control of single cabinets of equipment such as the crushing subsystem, the sorting subsystem, the purification subsystem, the feeding subsystem and the like, and has the protection functions of overload, short circuit, phase failure and the like.
The feeding subsystem comprises a wind power feeding machine 3, a wind closing blanking machine 5 and a conveying pipeline. Mainly used for conveying circuit board materials. The air-closing blanking machine conveys circuit board materials and shields dust gas, and the wind power feeder conveys the circuit board materials by utilizing air.
The noise generated by the operation of the scrapped circuit board destroying treatment system mainly comes from the crushing subsystem, the linear sieving machine 6 and the rotary vibration sieving machine 8, and a sound-proof cover 16 (length multiplied by width multiplied by height: 3m multiplied by 2.5m multiplied by 4m, and the thickness of a sound-proof board is 7.5 mm) is additionally arranged outside the crushing subsystem, the linear sieving machine 6 and the rotary vibration sieving machine 8, so that the noise pollution is eliminated.
The system treats noise and waste gas, the noise is mainly controlled, absorbed and eliminated by methods such as sound absorption and noise reduction technology, sound insulation and noise reduction technology and the like, and sound insulation materials are adopted.
The scrapped circuit board inevitably generates waste gas in the crushing process, most of the waste gas is in a gaseous state, and a small part of the waste gas is in a granular state. The printed circuit board mainly generates CO during crushing 2 Inorganic gases such as HCl, sulfuric acid mist and sulfuric acid mist can be adsorbed and purified by an absorption method and then discharged. The polymer materials are mainly resins and glass fibers, and have different characteristics of generating organic waste gases such as furan and the like after decomposition, and the adopted treatment methods are different and commonly used include an absorption method, a combustion method, a catalytic method, an adsorption method and the like. The system adopts an activated carbon adsorption method to treat the waste gas, and the treated waste gas can reach the national standard through detection of an authoritative department.
The invention applies an automatic processing assembly line, operates in a totally closed way, adopts two-stage mechanical crushing to crush the waste circuit board into metal and nonmetal (resin and glass fiber) mixed powder, and then completely separates and recycles the metal and nonmetal mixed powder by using an electrostatic separation technology to realize the comprehensive recovery of valuable components of the waste circuit board. The dust, waste gas and noise are treated by the system and then discharged after reaching standards.
The system has the advantages of treating the scrapped circuit board:
(1) The comprehensive recovery of the valuable components of the scrapped circuit board is realized.
The invention relates to a crushing and sorting integrated and miniaturized system device for a scrapped circuit board, which solves the problem of destroying the circuit board with components, realizes the disassembly and destruction of confidential information and the complete destruction, and comprehensively recycles valuable components of tin foil paper, metal powder and non-metal powder.
(2) And an effective method for treating the scrapped circuit board by combining various technical means is explored.
The invention adopts an automatic processing assembly line and operates in a totally-enclosed manner, and utilizes a plurality of technical means of two-stage mechanical crushing, double screening technology, high-voltage electrostatic separation, pulse bag type dust removal, physical adsorption and sound insulation and noise reduction to destroy the processing circuit board, so that dust, waste gas and noise are processed by the system and accord with the national emission standard, and clean destruction and harmless treatment emission are realized.
(3) The integration of the control system is realized.
As a core part in the operation process, the control system determines the reliability and safety of the system, not only realizes the automatic or manual control of a single cabinet of equipment such as a crushing subsystem, a sorting subsystem, a purification subsystem, a feeding subsystem and the like, but also ensures the automatic operation of the system for treating wastewater, and has the protection functions of overload, short circuit, phase failure and the like.
The key technology of the invention is as follows:
(1) The method completely adopts physical separation, various materials do not have chemical changes, the recycling is not influenced, the material separation purity is high (the metal material separation purity is more than 90 percent), and the comprehensive recovery of valuable components of the scrapped circuit board can be effectively realized.
(2) An advanced, reasonable and reliable treatment process is selected, peculiar smell, dust and noise are effectively removed, and zero-pollution, green and harmless treatment is realized.
(3) The automatic processing assembly line is adopted, the operation is totally closed, the single machine is automatically controlled, the one-stop operation is realized, the operation is simple and convenient, the maintenance is easy, the energy consumption is low, the noise is low, the labor is less, and the operation can be realized by 1 to 2 persons.
(4) The two-stage hammer type crushing process is adopted, a high-quality cutter is used, the scrapped circuit board can be directly crushed without dismantling components, the pretreatment difficulty is reduced, the circuit board is completely crushed, and the crushing, sorting and combining are suitable for resource utilization.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A scrapped circuit board destruction processing system is characterized by comprising a crushing subsystem, a sorting subsystem, a purification subsystem, a material conveying subsystem and a control subsystem; the scrapped circuit board enters the crushing subsystem for crushing, the crushed mixed material enters the sorting subsystem for sorting and recycling, dust and waste gas are discharged after being treated by the purification subsystem, the material conveying subsystem conveys the material, and the control subsystem controls the crushing subsystem, the sorting subsystem, the purification subsystem and the material conveying subsystem to realize automatic conveying, crushing, sorting and purifying;
the separation subsystem comprises a linear screening machine, a rotary vibration screening machine and an electrostatic separator, the rotary vibration screening machine comprises an upright vibrating motor, an upper layer of screen mesh and a lower layer of screen mesh, eccentric weights are mounted at the upper end and the lower end of the upright vibrating motor, a breaking-back discharge port is arranged between the upper layer of screen mesh and the lower layer of screen mesh, a screening discharge port is arranged below the lower layer of screen mesh, and the mesh number of the upper layer of screen mesh is larger than that of the lower layer of screen mesh; the materials crushed by the self-crushing subsystem are conveyed to a linear screening machine through a material conveying subsystem, the materials with qualified particle sizes are separated by a rotary vibration screening machine and enter an electrostatic separator to realize the separation of metal and nonmetal materials, and the separated materials with large particle sizes enter a secondary ring hammer crusher again to be crushed;
the rotary vibration screening machine comprises four layers of screens, two layers of screens are arranged between the upper layer of screen and the lower layer of screen, a back-breaking discharge port is arranged between each two layers of screens, a screening discharge port is arranged below the lower layer of screen, and the mesh number of each layer of screen is gradually decreased from top to bottom;
the electrostatic separator comprises a shell, the upper end of the shell is a separator feeding hole, a separator discharging hole is formed in the lower half part of the shell, a feeding shaft is arranged below the separator feeding hole, a material stirring structure is arranged on the feeding shaft, an upper roller is arranged below the feeding shaft, a lower roller which is the same as the upper roller in rotation direction is arranged below the upper roller, an upper high-voltage electrode which is used for adsorbing metal materials and is wrapped in an arc structure of the roller is arranged on one side of the upper roller in the downward rotation direction, a lower high-voltage electrode which is the same in structure is arranged on one side of the lower roller, the upper high-voltage electrode and the lower high-voltage electrode are arranged on the same side, a partition plate and an adjustable baffle plate are arranged between the upper roller and the lower roller, the partition plate is obliquely arranged on the opposite side of the upper high-voltage electrode, the upper end of the partition plate is connected with the inner wall of the shell, the lower end of the partition plate is at least arranged above the highest end of the lower roller, and a certain gap is kept; the adjustable baffle is arranged on the same side of the upper high-voltage electrode and between the upper high-voltage electrode and the lower high-voltage electrode, a separated metal discharge hole is arranged at the right lower part of the lower roller, and a nonmetal discharge hole is arranged at the left lower part of the lower roller;
the material stirring structure on the feeding shaft is carding teeth uniformly arranged on the circumferential surface of the feeding shaft.
2. The system for destroying and treating the discarded circuit board according to claim 1, wherein the crushing subsystem comprises a primary ring hammer crusher and a secondary ring hammer crusher, the primary ring hammer crusher comprises a shell, a feed inlet is formed in the upper part of the shell, a rotor is arranged at the bottom in the shell, a plurality of ring hammers are arranged on the rotor, a sieve plate is arranged below the rotor, a gap is reserved between the end part of each ring hammer and the sieve plate, and the rotor is connected with a motor in a driving way;
the structure of the second-stage ring hammer crusher is different from that of the first-stage ring hammer crusher in that the sieve mesh diameter of a sieve plate on the first-stage ring hammer crusher is larger than that of a sieve plate installed on the second-stage ring hammer crusher.
3. The destruction processing system for the scrapped circuit board as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cross section of the screen plate on the primary ring hammer crusher is arc-shaped and wraps the periphery of the ring hammer, the two ends of the screen plate are respectively provided with an impact plate fixedly connected with the inside of the shell, and the impact plates are fixed or lapped with the two ends of the screen plate;
the sieve plate of the secondary ring hammer crusher has the same structure as the sieve plate of the primary ring hammer crusher, and the installation mode is the same.
4. A scrapped circuit board destruction processing system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the plurality of ring hammers 3-6 are in one group, divided into a plurality of groups and uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the rotor, the ring hammers in each group are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor, the ring hammers in two adjacent groups are arranged in a staggered manner, and the ring hammers on the first stage and the second stage have the same structure and distribution mode.
5. A scrapped circuit board destruction processing system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the feed inlet of the primary ring hammer crusher and the feed inlet of the secondary ring hammer crusher are provided with impact plates, and the impact plates are connected with the inner wall of the shell; and a guard plate is arranged on the inner wall of the shell.
6. The system for destroying and processing the discarded circuit board according to claim 1, wherein the discharging brushes are respectively arranged at the middle lower part of one side of the upper roller and the lower roller, which is opposite to the high-voltage electrode.
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| CN111872016A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-11-03 | 广东忠能科技集团有限公司 | Slag sorting production device and sorting process thereof |
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| CN106513425A (en) | 2017-03-22 |
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