CN108580292A - A kind of selection by winnowing screening plant for the power battery that gives up - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a wind separation and screening device for waste power batteries, which comprises a frame, a wind separation device and a layered screen, and the layered screen includes a light material layered screen, a heavy material layered screen and a transmission device , the frame is a frame structure welded with angle iron, and is divided into upper, middle and lower layers, the upper layer is equipped with a winnowing device, and the middle layer is equipped with a layered screen. The winnowing device includes a feed hopper, an axial fan, and a winnowing bin. When working, the crushed waste power battery material enters the hopper, and the wind force of the axial flow fan blows the waste power battery material in a parabolic shape from the air separation bin to the lower light material layered sieve and heavy material layered screen. The carbon powder in the waste power battery material falls into the discharge port below through the mesh of the light material layered sieve and the heavy material layered sieve, and the lighter flake aluminum foil is the residue of the light material layered sieve, which is relatively The heavy sheet copper foil is the sieve residue of the heavy material layered sieve, which realizes the classified collection of waste power battery materials.

Description

A wind separation and screening device for waste power batteries

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of recycling and processing equipment for waste power batteries, in particular, it relates to a winnowing and screening device for waste power batteries.

Background technique

Since the 21st century, new energy vehicles have become one of the key development directions for countries around the world to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. In recent years, my country's new energy automobile industry has developed rapidly with the support of government policies. By 2020, my country's annual output of new energy vehicles will reach 2 million, and the cumulative output will exceed 5 million. With the rapid increase in the use of new energy vehicles, the amount of scrapped power batteries will increase year by year. By 2020, the accumulative waste of power batteries in my country will reach 120,000-170,000 tons. If the waste power battery is not disposed of properly, the organic matter and precious metals contained in it will pose a potential threat to the environment. On the other hand, the cobalt, lithium, copper, aluminum and plastic in the waste power battery are precious resources and have a very high recycling value. . Therefore, it is imminent to study the harmless recycling of waste power batteries. The waste power battery mechanical winnowing recovery process is mainly divided into two stages: pretreatment stage and winnowing stage. The pretreatment stage is to use a crusher to mechanically crush the waste power battery, and then perform ultrasonic cleaning; The copper foil and aluminum foil of different quality and shape factor that are crushed and cleaned are classified by utilizing the different aerodynamic characteristics of copper foil and aluminum foil of different quality, and the drift distance of copper foil and aluminum foil under the action of wind. The copper foil and aluminum foil products crushed in the pretreatment stage are mixed together, and the classified recovery of copper foil and aluminum foil cannot be realized. The separation and screening devices for waste power batteries currently on the market can achieve a separation rate of less than 30% for heavy materials and light materials.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problem that the copper foil and aluminum foil products broken in the pretreatment stage in the waste power battery mechanical air separation recovery process are mixed together, and the effective classification and recovery of copper foil and aluminum foil cannot be realized, the present invention designs a method based on air separation The waste power battery winnowing and recycling post-processing device of the vibration screening method is used to change the current situation that the copper foil and aluminum foil that are broken and cleaned in the pre-treatment stage of waste power battery recycling cannot be effectively classified.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows: a wind separation and screening device for waste power batteries, including a frame 1, a wind separation device 2 and a layered screen 3, and the layered screen 3 includes a light material layered screen 31. Heavy material layered screen 32 and transmission device, the frame 1 is a frame welded by angle iron, divided into upper, middle and lower layers, the upper layer is installed with wind separation device 2, and the middle layer is installed with light material layered screen 31 and heavy material layer Material layered sieve 32, the lower floor is equipped with a transmission device.

Described winnowing device 2 comprises feed hopper 20, axial fan 21, winnowing bin 25 and blower support 26, and winnowing bin 25 is the casing of rectangular parallelepiped, and top and bottom are open openings, and top opening is provided with The movable baffle plate 24 that can be twitched, one end of the air selection bin 25 in the length direction is connected to the fan support 26, the axial flow fan 21 is obliquely connected to the lower side of the fan support 26, and the air selection bin 25 is connected to the top of the end connected to the fan support 26. The lower mouth of hopper 20.

The light material layered sieve 31 and the heavy material layered screen 32 are connected structures, and the heavy material layered screen 32 is located below one side of the feed hopper 20 . The lower side of the layered screen 31 is provided with four pulleys 311 , and the four pulleys 311 are arranged on the left and right sides of the moving direction of the layered screen 31 , and the two pulleys 311 on each side slide on the track of the middle layer of the frame 1 .

The transmission device includes a geared motor 37 and a transmission mechanism, and the power of the geared motor 37 drives the light material layered screen 31 and the heavy material layered screen 32 to reciprocate horizontally through the transmission mechanism.

When working, start the axial flow fan 21, and the crushed waste power battery material enters the hopper 11, and the wind force of the axial flow fan 21 obliquely blows the waste power battery material parabolically from the winnowing bin 25 into the light material classification below. Layer sieve 31 and heavy material layered sieve 32, the lithium cobaltate powder on the positive electrode aluminum foil current collector and the carbon powder on the negative electrode copper foil current collector pass through the light material layered sieve 31 and the heavy material layered sieve 32 screen meshes. In the discharge port below, the lighter flake aluminum foil is the sieve residue of the light material layered sieve 31, and the heavier sheet copper foil is the sieve residue of the heavy material layered sieve 32.

Further defined technical solutions are as follows:

One end of the movable baffle 24 is inserted into the opening below the feed hopper 20 , and the width of the opening below the feed hopper 20 can be adjusted by pulling the movable baffle 24 . A square plate protrudes from the middle position of the other end of the movable baffle plate 24, and a circular hole is arranged in the middle of the square plate, and a pull ring 241 is arranged in the circular hole.

An air outlet 23 is connected to the air outlet 25 at the upper middle position of the end plate far away from the feed hopper 20 on the wind separation bin 25, and the air outlet 23 includes a filter screen 231 and an air outlet elbow 232, one end of the air outlet elbow 232 is welded to the periphery of the air outlet, the other end of the air outlet elbow 232 points to the inner side of the end plate, and this end is connected to prevent the material from being blown out of the winnowing The filter screen 231 of storehouse 25.

The middle position of the lower side opening of the winnowing bin 25 is provided with a herringbone baffle 22, and the herringbone baffle 22 divides the lower side opening of the winnowing bin 25 into a front opening and a rear opening, and the front opening is located near the feed hopper. 20 side.

The light material layered sieve 31 is a dustpan shape with a coaming and a back wall, and the back wall is connected with the heavy material layered screen 32. The light material layered screen 31 is divided into upper and lower layers, and the upper layer is a light material layer. The material screen 311, the lower layer is a light material discharge port 312, and the light material screen 311 is provided with several evenly distributed large mesh holes 3111, and the light material screen 311 is inclined to the lower side of the discharge direction. The heavy material layered sieve 32 is a dustpan shape with a rear plate, and the heavy material layered sieve 32 is divided into upper and lower layers, the upper layer is a heavy material screen 321, the lower layer is a heavy material discharge port 322, and the heavy material layer The screen 321 is provided with a number of evenly distributed small mesh holes 3211, the heavy material screen 321 is inclined to the lower side of the discharge direction, and the middle position of the back plate of the heavy material layered screen 32 is provided with a support for connecting the transmission mechanism. Board 323.

The transmission mechanism includes a motor pulley 33 , a transmission belt 34 , a transmission shaft pulley 35 , two bearing blocks 36 , a transmission shaft 38 and a connecting rod 39 . The motor pulley 33 is installed on the output shaft of the reduction motor 37 . The drive shaft 38 includes a right half shaft 381, a left half shaft 382 and a crank pin 383. One end of the right half shaft 381 is provided with a keyway 3811, and a flat key is installed in the keyway 3811 to transmit power through the flat key, and a transmission is installed at this end. Axle pulley 35, transmission shaft pulley 35 is connected with motor pulley 33 by transmission belt 34, the other end side of right half shaft 381 is connected with one end of crank pin 383 by screw, and the other end of crank pin 383 is connected to left half shaft by screw 382 side of one end. The right half-shaft 381 and the left half-shaft 382 are respectively inserted into the bearing inner hole of a bearing seat 36 , and are fixedly connected to the frame 1 through the bearing seat 36 . The connecting rod 39 includes a push rod 391 and a sleeve 392, the sleeve 392 is sleeved on the crank pin 383, the middle of the sleeve 392 is welded to one end of the push rod 391, and the other end of the push rod 391 is provided with a 90° bent handle, It is flexibly connected with the heavy material layered screen 32 through a curved handle.

The model of the axial flow fan 21 is SF4-2, the rated power of the equipped motor is 1.5kw, the rated voltage is 220V, the rated speed is 2900rpm, and the motor is a variable frequency motor. The rated wind volume of the axial fan 21 is 11000m ³ /h, and the rated wind pressure is 320Pa. The rated power of the deceleration motor 37 is 1.5Kw, and it is equipped with a variable frequency motor.

The front opening is smaller than the rear opening, and the ratio of the area of the front opening to the area of the rear opening is 2:3.

The beneficial technical effect of the present invention is:

(1) After the crushed waste power battery materials are air-selected by the wind separation device, they are then screened by the light material layered sieve and the heavy material layered sieve to realize classified collection.

(2) The separation rate of regular-shaped copper foil and aluminum foil screened out by winnowing and vibrating screening in the present invention can reach more than 90%, which greatly improves the separation rate and saves money for subsequent reprocessing of copper foil and aluminum foil collected by classification It shortens the processing time and saves labor and material costs, which is of great significance to the development of my country's new energy industry and the reduction of environmental pollution.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention (after taking out the hopper and the movable baffle).

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the movable baffle of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the air outlet pipe of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feed hopper and winnowing bin of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the layered sieve of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a view along the direction A of Fig. 6 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the transmission shaft and the connecting rod of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the push rod of the present invention.

In the figure: frame 1, track 11, winnowing device 2, feed hopper 20, axial flow fan 21, herringbone baffle 22, air outlet 23, filter screen 231, air outlet elbow 232, movable baffle 24 , pull ring 241, winnowing bin 25, fan support 26, layered sieve 3, light material layered sieve 31, light material screen 311, large mesh 3111, light material outlet 312, pulley 313, heavy material separator Layer sieve 32, heavy material screen 321, small mesh 3211, heavy material outlet 322, support plate 323, motor pulley 33, transmission belt 34, transmission shaft pulley 35, bearing housing 36, reduction motor 37, transmission shaft 38. Right half shaft 381, keyway 3811, left half shaft 382, crank pin 383, connecting rod 39, push rod 391, sleeve 392.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described through embodiment.

Example

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a wind selection and screening device for waste power batteries includes a frame 1, a wind separation device 2 and a layered screen 3, and the layered screen 3 includes a light material layered screen 31, Heavy material layered screen 32 and transmission device, the frame 1 is a frame welded by angle iron, divided into upper, middle and lower layers, the upper layer is installed with winnowing device 2, and the middle layer is installed with light material layered screen 31 and heavy material classifier. Layer sieve 32, the transmission device is installed in the lower floor.

The middle layer of the frame 1 is provided with two rails 11, and four pulleys 311 are arranged on the lower side of the layered screen 31, and the four pulleys 311 are arranged on the left and right sides of the layered screen 31 moving direction, and the two pulleys on each side 311 slides on track 11.

The transmission device includes a motor pulley 33 , a transmission belt 34 , a transmission shaft pulley 35 , a bearing seat 36 , a reduction motor 37 , a transmission shaft 38 and a connecting rod 39 . A motor pulley 33 is installed on the output shaft of the reduction motor 37, and a drive shaft pulley 35 is installed at one end of the drive shaft 38. The drive shaft pulley 35 is connected with the motor pulley 33 by a drive belt 34, and the connecting rod is connected in the middle of the drive shaft 38. One end of 39, the other end of connecting rod 39 is connected with layered screen 3.

The rated power of the geared motor 37 is 1.5Kw, the specification is GLF18, it is equipped with a frequency conversion motor, and the terminal output speed is 15-60rpm.

Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, described winnowing device 2 comprises feed hopper 20, axial fan 21, winnowing bin 25 and fan support 26, and winnowing bin 25 is the casing of rectangular parallelepiped, and top and bottom are all open. Opening, the upper opening is provided with a movable baffle 24 that can be twitched. One end of the air separation bin 25 in the length direction is connected to the fan bracket 26, and the axial flow fan 21 is obliquely connected to the lower side of the fan bracket 26. The wind selection bin 25 is connected to the fan bracket. The top of one end of 26 is connected to the lower mouth of feed hopper 20. The middle position of the lower side opening of the winnowing bin 25 is provided with a herringbone baffle 22, and the herringbone baffle 22 divides the lower side opening of the winnowing bin 25 into a front opening and a rear opening, and the front opening is located near the feed hopper. 20 side. The front opening is smaller than the rear opening, and the ratio of the area of the front opening to the area of the rear opening is 2:3.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , one end of the movable baffle 24 is inserted into the opening below the feed hopper 20 , and the width of the opening below the feed hopper 20 can be adjusted by pulling the movable baffle 24 . A square plate protrudes from the middle position of the other end of the movable baffle plate 24, and a circular hole is arranged in the middle of the square plate, and a pull ring 241 is arranged in the circular hole.

Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, an air outlet hole is arranged on the air separation bin 25 in the upper middle position of an end plate away from the feed hopper 20, and the air outlet hole is connected with an air outlet 23, and the air outlet 23 includes a filter Net 231 and air outlet elbow 232, one end of the air outlet elbow 232 is welded to the periphery of the air outlet hole, the other end of the air outlet elbow 232 points to the inner side of the end plate, and here The end is connected to prevent the material from blowing out the filter screen 231 of the winnowing bin 25.

Referring to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, described light material layered sieve 31 is the dustpan shape with coaming board and rear wall board, rear wall board and heavy material layered screen 32 are connected, and light material layered screen 31 is divided into upper, upper, There are two lower layers, the upper layer is a light material screen 311, the lower layer is a light material outlet 312, the light material screen 311 is provided with several evenly distributed large mesh holes 3111, and the light material screen 311 is directed downward toward the discharge direction. sideways. The large mesh 3111 is a rectangular hole of 30mm×25mm, and the distance between the centers of the two adjacent meshes 3111 is 38mm.

The heavy material layered sieve 32 is a dustpan shape with a rear plate, and the heavy material layered sieve 32 is divided into upper and lower layers, the upper layer is a heavy material screen 321, the lower layer is a heavy material discharge port 322, and the heavy material layer The screen 321 is provided with several evenly distributed small mesh holes 3211, the small mesh holes 3211 are rectangular holes of 16mm×12mm, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent small mesh holes 3211 is 30mm. The heavy material screen 321 is inclined to the lower side of the discharge direction, and the middle position of the rear plate of the heavy material layered screen 32 is provided with a support plate 323 for connecting the transmission mechanism.

8 and 9, the drive shaft 38 includes a right half shaft 381, a left half shaft 382 and a crank pin 383. One end of the right half shaft 381 is provided with a keyway 3811, and a flat key is installed in the keyway 3811, and power is transmitted through the flat key. , and install the transmission shaft pulley 35 at this end, the transmission shaft pulley 35 is connected with the motor pulley 33 through the transmission belt 34, the other end side of the right half shaft 381 is connected to one end of the crank pin 383 by a screw, and the other end of the crank pin 383 It is connected to one end side of the left half shaft 382 by screws. The right half-shaft 381 and the left half-shaft 382 are respectively inserted into the bearing inner hole of a bearing seat 36 , and are fixedly connected to the frame 1 through the bearing seat 36 . The connecting rod 39 includes a push rod 391 and a sleeve 392, the sleeve 392 is sleeved on the crank pin 383, the middle of the sleeve 392 is welded to one end of the push rod 391, and the other end of the push rod 391 is provided with a 90° bent handle, It is flexibly connected with the support plate 323 on the heavy material layered screen 32 through a curved handle.

When working, start the axial flow fan 21, and the crushed waste power battery material enters the hopper 11, and the wind force of the axial flow fan 21 obliquely blows the waste power battery material parabolically from the winnowing bin 25 into the light material classification below. Layer sieve 31 and heavy material layered sieve 32, the lithium cobaltate powder on the positive electrode aluminum foil current collector and the carbon powder on the negative electrode copper foil current collector pass through the light material layered sieve 31 and the heavy material layered sieve 32 screen meshes. In the discharge port below, the lighter flake aluminum foil is the sieve residue of the light material layered sieve 31, and the heavier sheet copper foil is the sieve residue of the heavy material layered sieve 32.

The above content does not limit the structure and shape of the present invention in any form. All simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A winnowing and screening device for waste power batteries, characterized in that: it comprises a frame (1), a winnowing device (2) and a layered screen (3), and the layered screen (3) includes Light material layered sieve (31), heavy material layered sieve (32) and transmission device, described frame (1) is the frame of angle iron welding, divides upper, middle and lower three layers, and wind separation device ( 2), the middle layer is equipped with a light material layered screen (31) and a heavy material layered screen (32), and the lower layer is equipped with a transmission device; The winnowing device (2) comprises a feed hopper (20), an axial fan (21), a winnowing bin (25) and a fan support (26), and the winnowing bin (25) is a cuboid casing, and the upper and the bottom are open openings, and the upper opening is provided with a movable baffle (24) that can be twitched. One end of the air separation bin (25) in the length direction is connected to the fan support (26), and the axial flow fan (21) is obliquely connected to the fan support. The lower side of (26), the winnowing bin (25) connects the lower opening of the feeding hopper (20) above an end connecting the blower fan support (26); The layered sieve for light materials (31) and the layered sieve for heavy materials (32) are conjoined structures, and the layered sieve for heavy materials (32) is located below the feed hopper (20) side, and the layered sieve (31) ) lower side is provided with four pulleys (311), and the four pulleys (311) are placed on the left and right sides of the layered sieve (31) moving direction, and the two pulleys (311) on each side are on the frame (1 ) sliding on the middle track; The transmission device comprises a reduction motor (37) and a transmission mechanism, and the power of the reduction motor (37) promotes the horizontal reciprocating motion of the light material layered sieve (31) and the heavy material layered screen (32) through the transmission mechanism; When working, start the axial flow fan (21), and the waste power battery material after crushing enters the hopper (11), and the wind force of the axial flow fan (21) blows the waste power battery material in a parabolic shape from the winnowing bin (25). fall into the light material layered sieve (31) and the heavy material layered sieve (32) below, the lithium cobaltate powder on the positive electrode aluminum foil current collector and the carbon powder on the negative electrode copper foil current collector pass through the light material layered sieve ( 31) and heavy material layered sieve (32) sieve meshes fall in the discharge port below, and lighter flake aluminum foil is the sieve residue of light material layered sieve (31), and heavier sheet copper foil It is the sieve residue of the layered sieve (32) for heavy materials. 2. A winnowing and screening device for waste power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: one end of the movable baffle (24) is inserted into the opening below the feed hopper (20), and The movable baffle (24) can adjust the width of the opening below the feed hopper (20); a square plate protrudes from the middle position of the other end of the movable baffle (24), and a circular hole is arranged in the middle of the square plate. A pull ring (241) is provided. 3. A wind separation and screening device for waste power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: said wind separation bin (25) is on the upper side of the end plate away from the feed hopper (20) An air outlet is provided at the middle position, and an air outlet (23) is connected on the air outlet, and the air outlet (23) includes a filter screen (231) and an air outlet elbow (232), and the air outlet elbow (232) One end of the air outlet is welded to the periphery of the air outlet, the other end of the air outlet elbow (232) points to the inner side of the end plate, and this end is connected to a filter screen that prevents the material from blowing out of the winnowing bin (25) (231). 4. A winnowing and screening device for waste power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: a herringbone baffle (22) is provided at the middle of the lower opening of the winnowing bin (25), The herringbone baffle (22) divides the lower opening of the winnowing bin (25) into a front opening and a rear opening, and the front opening is located on the side adjacent to the feed hopper (20). 5. A wind separation and screening device for waste power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the light material layered sieve (31) is in the shape of a dustpan with a shroud and a rear wall, The rear wallboard is connected with the heavy material layered screen (32), and the light material layered screen (31) is divided into upper and lower layers, the upper layer is the light material screen (311), and the lower layer is the light material outlet (312) , the light material screen (311) is provided with several evenly distributed large meshes (3111), and the light material screen (311) is inclined to the lower side of the discharge direction. 6. A wind separation and screening device for waste power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heavy material layered sieve (32) is dustpan-shaped with a rear plate, and the heavy material layered The sieve (32) is divided into upper and lower layers, the upper layer is the heavy material screen (321), the lower layer is the heavy material outlet (322), and the heavy material screen (321) is provided with several evenly distributed small nets. The hole (3211), the heavy material screen (321) is inclined to the lower side of the discharge direction, and the middle position of the rear plate of the heavy material layered sieve (32) is provided with a support plate (323) for connecting the transmission mechanism. 7. A wind separation and screening device for waste power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission mechanism includes a motor pulley (33), a transmission belt (34), a transmission shaft pulley (35 ), two bearing blocks (36), transmission shaft (38) and connecting rod (39); the motor pulley (33) is installed on the output shaft of the reduction motor (37); the transmission shaft (38) includes Right half shaft (381), left half shaft (382) and crank pin (383), one end of right half shaft (381) is provided with keyway (3811), and flat key is installed in the keyway (3811), transmits power by flat key, And drive shaft pulley (35) is installed at this end, and drive shaft pulley (35) is connected with motor pulley (33) by drive belt (34), and the other end side of right half shaft (381) is connected crank pin by screw ( 383), the other end of the crank pin (383) is connected to one end side of the left half shaft (382) by screws; ) in the bearing inner hole, and fixedly connected on the frame (1) through the bearing seat (36); the connecting rod (39) includes a push rod (391) and a sleeve (392), and the sleeve (392) is set On the crank pin (383), the middle of the sleeve (392) is welded to one end of the push rod (391), and the other end of the push rod (391) is provided with a 90° bend, through which the heavy material layered screen ( 32) Active connection. 8. A wind separation and screening device for waste power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the model of the axial flow fan (21) is SF4-2, and the rated power of the equipped motor is 1.5 kw, rated voltage 220V, rated speed 2900rpm, and the motor is a variable frequency motor; the rated air volume of the axial flow fan (21) is 11000m ³ /h, and the rated air pressure is 320Pa. 9. A wind separation and screening device for waste power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rated power of the geared motor (37) is 1.5Kw, and it is equipped with a frequency conversion motor. 10. A winnowing and screening device for waste power batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that: the front opening is smaller than the rear opening, and the ratio of the area of the front opening to the area of the rear opening is 2:3 .