CN106432592B - 一种提高聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫加工收率的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种提高聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫加工收率的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106432592B
CN106432592B CN201610831363.9A CN201610831363A CN106432592B CN 106432592 B CN106432592 B CN 106432592B CN 201610831363 A CN201610831363 A CN 201610831363A CN 106432592 B CN106432592 B CN 106432592B
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王欣
胡爱军
李克迪
王志媛
范晓庆
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Cashem Advanced Materials Hi Tech Co ltd Zhejiang
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种提高聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫加工收率的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)将反应单体、引发剂、交联剂和发泡剂按配比混合溶解,注入密闭模具中,聚合得到聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板;(2)将所得聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板放入胶粘剂溶液中浸泡或将胶黏剂溶液均匀喷涂在聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板表面,晾干;(3)步骤(2)处理后的聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板依次经高温预处理和高温发泡,发泡结束冷却至室温即得。本发明中预聚板发泡过程中由于表面受到胶黏剂分子间的拉力,表皮密度接近泡沫板内部密度,从而降低去皮损失,提高产品加工收率。

Description

一种提高聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫加工收率的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高泡沫材料加工收率的制备方法,具体涉及提高聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫加工收率的制备方法
背景技术
聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫是一种轻质、闭孔的硬质泡沫,泡孔为100%闭孔结构,具有比PVC,PUR等硬质泡沫塑料更高的比强度、比模量和抗蠕变性,耐温性可达到240℃,且易成型加工,可采用普通的木工加工工具进行加工,无需专用机具;可在165~205℃之间热成形,成形模具的设计简单,采用木材、聚酯或环氧树脂制成的模具就可以满足要求,此外它还可与热固性树脂兼容,与热固性树脂胶粘剂如不饱和聚酯树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂、氰酸酯树脂等具有良好的粘接性能;耐苯、二甲苯、单苯乙烯、油漆及黏合剂溶剂、燃油成分以及大多数化学溶剂侵蚀。聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫材料以其卓越的综合性能,是制造轻质高强复合材料夹层结构理想的芯材,在大型客机和运输机、高速列车、风力发电机叶片、卫星和运载火箭及运动和医疗器材等方面获得了大量的应用。
聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫制备方法主要有两种,即高温高压挤出法和自由基预聚体法。高温高压挤出法需要高温高压设备,成本较高;自由基预聚体法简单易行,投资少,工业生产目前使用这种方法。如专利EP532023、US4139685、US0056-98605A、US5928459、US6670405、JP 04170408、CN101857656A、CN102051012A、CN101289565A等均采用这种方法,具体制备方法主要分两步,第一步:将单体(甲基)丙烯腈和(甲基)丙烯酸与引发剂、发泡剂和任意的其它单体或添加剂混合并将其填充入有机玻璃和/或金属板构成的隔槽内,玻璃和或金属板用密封绳保持一定的距离。第二步:将隔槽在设定的温度下聚合,聚合结束得到一定厚度的预聚物;第三步将第二步得到的预聚板在150~250℃进行发泡,得到聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫板。采用这类方法得到的聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫板靠近表皮的密度不均匀,且密度偏低,在产品入库时要进行去皮处理,处理后才可以得到密度均匀的泡沫板,其中在去皮环节,去皮损失占泡沫板总质量的28~42%,因此研究降低去皮损失对于降低聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫综合成本、提高产能具有非常大的意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术中泡沫板去皮过程中的损失问题,本发明提供一种提高聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫加工收率的制备方法。本发明中预聚板发泡过程中由于表面受到胶黏剂分子间的拉力,表皮密度接近泡沫板内部密度,从而降低去皮损失,提高产品加工收率。
一种提高聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫加工收率的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将反应单体、引发剂、交联剂和发泡剂按配比混合溶解,注入密闭模具中,聚合得到聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板;
(2)将所得聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板放入胶粘剂溶液中浸泡或将胶黏剂溶液均匀喷涂在聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板表面,晾干;
(3)步骤(2)处理后的聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板依次经高温预处理和高温发泡,发泡结束冷却至室温即得。
聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫板靠近表皮的密度不均匀且密度偏低是由于预聚板在发泡过程中,发泡剂受热气化或分解出气体,靠近表皮部分由于受到的作用力偏小,因此导致泡孔偏大,密度较泡沫板内部低,为了得到密度均匀的泡沫板,需要进行去皮处理,该环节中,去皮损失占泡沫板总质量的28~42%。
本发明为了降低聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫板去皮损失,将甲基丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸共聚得到的预聚板放入胶黏剂溶液中进行浸泡或将胶黏剂溶液均匀喷涂在预聚板周围,浸泡一定时间或喷涂完成后晾干,进行烘箱发泡。采用这种方法得到的泡沫板表面密度接近泡沫板内部密度,去皮损失率为6~13%,大幅降低了聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫板的去皮损失。
本方法的作用原理为通过将聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板在胶黏剂溶液中进行浸泡,或将胶黏剂溶液均匀喷涂在预聚板周围,使预聚板的表面均匀覆盖一层胶黏剂,由于胶黏剂分子之间的作用力较强,靠近表皮部分的发泡剂受热气化或分解时受到的作用力较没有经过胶黏剂覆盖的预聚板大,从而使泡沫板表皮密度变大,更加接近泡沫板内部密度,降低去皮损失。
所述密闭玻璃容器为中间由密封条密封的两块平行玻璃容器。
优选地,胶黏剂为聚氨酯胶黏剂、丙烯酸酯胶黏剂、环氧树脂胶黏剂及有机硅树脂胶黏剂中的任意一种。
进一步优选地,所述聚氨酯胶黏剂从多异氰酸酯胶黏剂、含异氰酸酯基聚氨酯胶黏剂、含羟基聚氨酯胶黏剂中选择;所述丙烯酸酯胶黏剂从氰基丙烯酸酯胶黏剂、反应性丙烯酸酯胶黏剂、丙烯酸酯厌氧胶、丙烯酸酯类压敏胶和丙烯酸酯乳液胶黏剂中选择;所述环氧树脂胶黏剂从缩水甘油醚类、缩水甘油酯类、缩水甘油胺类、脂肪族环氧化合物、混合型环氧树脂中选择;所述有机硅树脂从缩合型硅树脂、加成型硅树脂和引发型硅树脂中选择。最优选地,胶黏剂为多异氰酸酯胶黏剂、氰基丙烯酸酯胶黏剂、缩水甘油醚环氧树脂胶黏剂和缩合型有机硅树脂胶黏剂中的至少一种。
以上原料均可通过市购途径获得或通过现有文献报道方法制备。
进一步优选地,所述胶黏剂溶液的浓度为10~15%。此处的浓度为10~15%是指100ml胶黏剂溶液中溶质胶黏剂的质量为10~15g。
浸泡时间不小于0.5h,进一步优选地,聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板在胶黏剂溶液的浸泡时间为0.5~1.5h;更进一步优选为0.5~1h。
进一步优选地,胶黏剂溶液在聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板表面的喷涂量为100~200g/m2。更进一步优选地,胶黏剂溶液在聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板表面的喷涂量为140~160g/m2;最优选地,胶黏剂溶液在聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板表面的喷涂量为150g/m2
更进一步优选地,步骤(2)中:预聚板表面用浓度为15%的多异氰酸酯溶液进行喷涂,喷涂量为150g/m2;或将预聚板在浓度为10%的氰基丙烯酸酯溶液中浸泡0.5h;或将预聚板在浓度为10%的聚醚环氧树脂溶液中浸泡0.5h;或将预聚板在浓度为15%的有机硅树脂溶液中浸泡0.5h。最优选地,预聚板表面用浓度为15%的多异氰酸酯溶液进行喷涂,喷涂量为150g/m2
优选地,步骤(1)中的聚合过程为:将模具浸入35~55℃的水浴中进行聚合反应,反应时间为96~120h,聚合反应结束后,再放入90~110℃的烘箱中继续保温聚合6~15h。
进一步优选地,将模具浸入35~40℃的水浴中进行聚合反应,反应时间为110~120h,聚合反应结束后,再放入100~110℃的烘箱中继续保温聚合10~15h。
最优选地,将模具浸入35℃的水浴中进行聚合反应,反应时间为120h,聚合反应结束后,再放入105℃的烘箱中继续保温聚合15h。
优选地,步骤(2)中的高温聚合过程为:将甲基丙烯酸/(甲基)丙烯腈预聚板置于145~170℃的发泡烘箱中预热,预热时间为1.0~2.0h;步骤(2)中的高温发泡过程为:将发泡烘箱的温度升至180~220℃进行发泡,发泡时间为1.0~3.0h。
进一步优选地,将甲基丙烯酸/(甲基)丙烯腈预聚板置于145~155℃的发泡烘箱中预热,预热时间为1.5~2.0h;步骤(2)中的高温发泡过程为:将发泡烘箱的温度升至180~200℃进行发泡,发泡时间为2.0~3.0h。
最优选地,将甲基丙烯酸/(甲基)丙烯腈预聚板置于150℃的发泡烘箱中预热,预热时间为2.0h;步骤(2)中的高温发泡过程为:将发泡烘箱的温度升至190℃进行发泡,发泡时间为3.0h。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述反应单体为甲基丙烯酸与(甲基)丙烯腈的混合物,所述引发剂、交联剂和发泡剂分别占甲基丙烯酸与(甲基)丙烯腈混合物总质量的0.15~0.4%、0.4~6%、3~6%。
进一步优选地,所述反应单体中甲基丙烯酸和(甲基)丙烯腈的质量比为(40~60):(60~40)。更进一步优选地,质量比为(40~45):(60~55);最优选地,质量比为42:59。
优选地,所述引发剂为过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化十二酰、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈、过氧化二碳酸二环己酯、过氧化二碳酸异丙酯和过氧化特戊酸特丁酯中的至少一种,即任意一种或任意两种及以上的任意比例的混合物。
优选地,所述交联剂为(甲基)丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯及甲基丙烯酸镁中的至少一种,即任意一种或任意两种及以上的任意比例的混合物。
优选地,所述发泡剂为为C1~C7的脂肪醇、水、甲酰胺、甲酸、碳酸胺和甲基脲中的至少一种,即任意一种或任意两种及以上的任意比例的混合物。
本发明还提供一种如所述制备方法制备得到的聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明通过将甲基丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸共聚得到的预聚板放入胶黏剂溶液中进行浸泡,浸泡一定时间后,或将胶黏剂溶液均匀喷涂在预聚板周围,晾干,然后进行发泡,采用这种方法得到的泡沫板表面密度接近泡沫板内部密度,去皮损失为6~13%,大幅降低了聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫板的去皮损失,对降低聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺综合成本、提高产能具有非常大的意义。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1.单体用量
甲基丙烯酸42kg,丙烯腈59kg,偶氮二异丁腈0.17kg,过氧化二碳酸异丙酯0.23kg。甲酰胺1.2kg,正丁醇1.5kg,异戊醇0.3kg,甲基丙烯酸丙酯0.7kg,甲基丙烯酸镁3.8kg,丙烯酰胺2.5kg。
2.聚合工艺
将上述原料混合溶解,注入用密封胶条和两块平行玻璃板形成的模腔的模具内,然后将模具浸入35℃的水浴中进行聚合反应,反应120h后,置于在105℃的烘箱中保温15h,得预聚板。
3.预聚板处理
用浓度为15%的多异氰酸酯胶黏剂对预聚板表面进行喷涂,喷涂量为150g/m2,晾干。
4发泡及去皮
将处理后的预聚板置于150℃的发泡烘箱中预热,保温2小时,再将发泡烘箱的温度升至190℃,保温3小时后冷却至室温,得到密度为110kg/m3聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫。经过去皮处理,得到密度均匀的泡沫板,其中去皮损失为6%.
实施例2
1.单体用量
甲基丙烯酸47kg,甲基丙烯腈53kg,偶氮二异丁腈0.1kg,过氧化二苯甲酰0.1kg,过氧化二碳酸二环己酯0.07kg,异丙醇2.3kg,甲基脲3.6,甲基丙烯酰胺0.5kg。
2.聚合工艺
将上述原料混合溶解,注入用密封胶条和两块平行玻璃板形成的模腔的模具内,将模具浸入55℃的水浴中进行聚合反应,聚合反应110h,待聚合反应结束后再置于在105℃的烘箱中继续保温聚合10h,得到预聚板。
3.预聚板处理
将预聚板放入浓度为10%的氰基丙烯酸酯胶黏剂溶液中浸泡0.5小时,晾干。
4.发泡及去皮
将处理过的预聚板置于170℃的发泡烘箱中预热,保温1.0小时,再将发泡烘箱的温度升至195℃,保温2小时后冷却至室温,即得密度为30kg/m3聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫。经过去皮处理,得到密度均匀的泡沫板,其中去皮损失为13%.
实施例3
1.单体用量
甲基丙烯酸60kg,甲基丙烯腈40kg,偶氮二异庚腈0.1kg,过氧化特戊酸特丁酯0.07kg,过氧化二苯甲酰0.15kg,异戊醇2.1kg,碳酰胺2.4kg,甲基丙烯酸乙酯2.8kg,甲基丙烯酸镁3.1kg。
2.聚合工艺
将上述原料混合溶解,注入用密封胶条和两块平行玻璃板形成的模腔的模具内,然后将模具浸入42℃的水浴中进行聚合反应,聚合反应105h,待聚合反应结束,再置于在110℃的烘箱中继续保温聚合15h,得到预聚板。
3.预聚板处理
将预聚板放入浓度为10%的缩水甘油醚环氧树脂胶黏剂溶液中浸泡0.5小时,晾干。
4.发泡及去皮
将处理过的预聚板置于165℃的发泡烘箱中预热,保温1.5小时,再将发泡烘箱的温度升至220℃,保温1.5小时后冷却至室温,即得密度为50kg/m3聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫。经过去皮处理,得到密度均匀的泡沫板,其中去皮损失为7%。
实施例4
1.单体用量
甲基丙烯酸55kg,甲基丙烯腈47kg,偶氮二异庚腈0.07kg,过氧化二苯甲酰0.08kg,异戊醇2.3kg,甲酰胺醇1.4kg,甲基丙烯酸乙酯4.7kg。
2.聚合工艺
将上述原料混合溶解,注入用密封胶条和两块平行玻璃板形成的模腔的模具内,然后将模具浸入45℃的水浴中进行聚合反应,聚合反应110h,待聚合反应结束后再置于在110℃的烘箱中继续保温聚合9h,得到预聚板。
3.预聚板处理
将预聚板放入浓度为15%的缩合型有机硅树脂胶黏剂溶液中浸泡1.5小时,晾干。
4.发泡及去皮
将处理过的预聚板置于165℃的发泡烘箱中预热,保温1.5小时,再将发泡烘箱的温度升至195℃,保温1.5小时后冷却至室温,即得密度为75kg/m3聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫。经过去皮处理,得到密度均匀的泡沫板,其中去皮损失为11%。
对比例1
1.单体用量
甲基丙烯酸42kg,丙烯腈59kg,偶氮二异丁腈0.17kg,过氧化二碳酸异丙酯0.23kg。甲酰胺1.2kg,正丁醇1.5kg,异戊醇0.3kg,甲基丙烯酸丙酯0.7kg,甲基丙烯酸镁3.8kg,丙烯酰胺2.5kg。
2.聚合工艺
将上述原料混合溶解,注入用密封胶条和两块平行玻璃板形成的模腔的模具内,然后将模具浸入35℃的水浴中进行聚合反应,反应120h后,置于在105℃的烘箱中继续保温15h,得预聚板。
3.发泡及去皮
将预聚板置于150℃的发泡烘箱中预热,保温2小时,再将发泡烘箱的温度升至190℃,保温3小时后冷却至室温,得到密度为110kg/m3聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫。经过去皮处理,得到密度均匀的泡沫板,其中去皮损失为28%。
对比例2
1.单体用量
甲基丙烯酸47kg,甲基丙烯腈53kg,偶氮二异丁腈0.1kg,过氧化二苯甲酰0.1kg,过氧化二碳酸二环己酯0.07kg,异丙醇2.3kg,甲基脲3.6,甲基丙烯酰胺0.5kg。
2.聚合工艺
将上述原料混合溶解,注入用密封胶条和两块平行玻璃板形成的模腔的模具内,将模具浸入55℃的水浴中进行聚合反应,聚合反应110h,待聚合反应结束后再置于在105℃的烘箱中继续保温聚合10h,得到预聚板。
3.发泡及去皮
将预聚板置于170℃的发泡烘箱中预热,保温1.0小时,再将发泡烘箱的温度升至195℃,保温2小时后冷却至室温,即得密度为30kg/m3聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫。经过去皮处理,得到密度均匀的泡沫板,其中去皮损失为42%。

Claims (9)

1.一种提高聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫加工收率的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将反应单体、引发剂、交联剂和发泡剂按配比混合溶解,注入密闭模具中,聚合得到聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板;
(2)将所得聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板放入胶粘剂溶液中浸泡或将胶黏剂溶液均匀喷涂在聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板表面,晾干;胶黏剂为聚氨酯胶黏剂,(甲基)丙烯酸酯胶黏剂、环氧树脂胶黏剂和有机硅树脂胶黏剂中的任意一种;
(3)步骤(2)处理后的聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板依次经高温预处理和高温发泡,发泡结束冷却至室温即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述胶黏剂溶液的浓度为10~15%。
3.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板在胶黏剂溶液的浸泡时间为0.5~1h。
4.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,胶黏剂溶液在聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板表面的喷涂量为100~200g/m2
5.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的聚合过程为:将模具浸入35~55℃的水浴中进行聚合反应,反应时间为96~120h,聚合反应结束后,再放入90~110℃的烘箱中继续保温聚合6~15h。
6.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中的高温预处理过程为:将聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺预聚板置于145~170℃的发泡烘箱中预热,预热时间为1.0~2.0h;高温发泡过程为:将发泡烘箱的温度升至180~220℃进行发泡,发泡时间为1.0~3.0h。
7.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述反应单体为甲基丙烯酸与(甲基)丙烯腈的混合物,所述引发剂、交联剂和发泡剂分别占甲基丙烯酸与(甲基)丙烯腈混合物质量的0.15~0.4%、0.4~6%、3~6%。
8.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应单体中甲基丙烯酸和(甲基)丙烯腈的质量比为(40~60):(60~40)。
9.一种如权利要求1~8任一所述制备方法制备得到的聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫。
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