The manufacturing process of driving axle housing spindle nose and former
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shape no machining molding, more particularly, it relates to integral drive
The manufacturing process of axle shell shaft-head and former, i.e. be related to by seamless steel pipe under temperature field condition, through jumping-up, extruding,
The operations such as internal shaping, complete the processing method of automobile entirety driving axle housing two ends spindle nose and the former that processing is used.
Background technology
It is one of three big assemblies of electromotor and driver's cabin shoulder to shoulder on automobile to drive vehicle bridge, subjects the fully loaded spring of automobile
Plummet power, longitudinal force, cross force and its torque that loading and ground are given through suspension through wheel, vehicle frame or monocoque body with
And shock loading;Drive axle also transmits the peak torque in power train, and driving axle housing subjects the moment of reaction.
Driving axle housing is the installation supporter of drive axle drive system, is that the normal operation of drive system provides guarantee.Drive
Rigidity of the dynamic axle housing under load is born directly affects the service life of transmission effect and driving parts.Driving axle housing is in drive axle
In structure, quality is maximum, shape is most complicated, is the vital part of driving axis.The features of shape at the two ends of driving axle housing is:
From outside to inside, profile is that segmentation variable diameters multidiameter, most driving axle housing one side multidiameter is two sections, and ladder shaft portion is claimed
Make the spindle nose of axle housing.In addition, spindle nose inner chamber insertion is straight, do not allow the defects such as wavy folding occur.
Ensure that the spindle nose inner chamber insertion at axle housing two ends is straight, be the difficult point of driving axle housing manufacture process, currently main drive
Dynamic axle housing manufacturing process mainly has following several:
1. cast type axle housing:Using spheroidal graphite cast-iron, malleable cast iron or cast steel, one piece casting goes out central opening axle housing body and two
Longer axle tube is pressed into its two ends after machining by the hollow bloom of side variable cross-section again, and blending bolt or bearing pin are fixing.
2. steel plate punching-welding axle housing:Using low-carbon alloy steel thick plate as raw material, through blanking, bending operation, respectively punching press
After becoming upper and lower two half-bridge housings, the two upper and lower butt welding is connected into axle housing, finally at the axle housing two ends being welded
Butt welding axle tube, forms intact bridge housing again.
3. spindle nose formula axle housing is welded in steel pipe expansion:In square section steel pipe central slot, plucked string instrument with a fretted fingerboard is shaped using various expansion methods
Behind Pa hole, square tube two ends are become round through extruding section, then are welded with spindle nose, form complete axle housing.
In the manufacture method of three of the above driving axle housing, casting bridge shell passes through forging type, the good inner chamber insertion of direct forming
Straight spindle nose and it is connected with axle housing.Casting bridge shell rigidity is strong, and damping performance is good, but be resistant to the performance of shock loading with
And intensity is poor.Requirement of the casting technique to material and heat treatment is higher, and follow-up amount of machining is big, low production efficiency, and energy consumption is big
And environment is polluted, product quality is big, is difficult to realize lightweight and green manufacturing;Steel plate punching-welding axle housing and steel pipe expansion welding spindle nose
Axle housing, specifically, is all by welding sequence, each several part welding to be grouped together to be integrally formed axle housing.Axle housing two ends are welded
Axle tube, be the spindle nose for being produced by forging technology, realize spindle nose profile using hot extrusion technique and ensure that inner chamber is straight
Insertion.But the presence of weld seam greatly reduces the strength and stiffness of welding bridge hull, axle housing anti-fatigue performance is caused to reduce.Separately
Outward, commissure is easily ftractureed, and is the main cause for constituting oil leak.
At present, vehicle driving axle housing is towards monoblock type production development, it is desirable between axle housing two ends spindle nose and axle housing
No-welding-seam, that is, determine to first have to after blanking shape two ends spindle nose.However, the variable cross-section ladder shape shaft of spindle nose profile and in
The feature that chamber insertion is straight, is often difficult to ensure that the form and dimensional precision of spindle nose.Especially spindle nose inner chamber, existing solution
Method often makes inner chamber a little wave relief occur, is not that completely insertion is straight, subsequently still needs machining to disappear
Except defect.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of manufacturing process of driving axle housing spindle nose and former, which can overcome above-mentioned
Certain or some problems of prior art.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of manufacturing process of driving axle housing spindle nose, for shaping drive axle columella
Head, comprises the following steps:
Then the two ends of pipe are carried out jumping-up by the two ends of heating metal pipe base so that the tube wall local at the two ends of pipe
Thicken;And
After pipe cooling after upset forging, a undergauge is carried out to the two ends of pipe, a undergauge includes:
After the two ends of heating pipe form predetermined temperature field, the first core with reservation shape is driven into pipe
Precalculated position in two ends;
Stem reducing mould of promotion makes the two ends of its extrusion tube blank, so that the two ends necking deformation of pipe is to reservation shape
Profile;
First core is extracted out from the two ends of pipe, first core can carry out interior shaping cavity to the two ends of pipe;With
And
Return a stem reducing mould.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of simple production process, easily operation and shape of product size essence
Degree preferably entirety driving axle housing two ends spindle nose manufacturing process, according to the method, before ensureing that spindle nose is integrated with axle housing body
Put, make spindle nose inner chamber insertion straight and patch mould that is improve spindle nose profile, combing spindle nose inner chamber metal streamline, greatly carry
The high form and dimensional precision of axle housing, contributes to the lifting of its mechanical performance.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the pipe after a undergauge is carried out secondary undergauge, the secondary contracting
Footpath includes:
After pipe cooling after a undergauge, after heating the two ends formation predetermined temperature field of pipe, will be with pre-
Second core of setting shape is driven into the precalculated position in the two ends of pipe;
Secondary stem reducing mould is promoted to make the two ends of its extrusion tube blank, so that the two ends necking deformation of pipe is to reservation shape
Profile;
Second core is extracted out from the two ends of pipe, second core can carry out interior shaping cavity to the two ends of pipe;With
And
Return secondary stem reducing mould.
According to the embodiment, by the metal streamline of the further combing spindle nose inner chamber of the second core, and can be greatly improved
The form and dimensional precision of axle housing.
In a particular embodiment of the present invention, metal tube is, for example, seamless steel pipe, and the temperature required for a undergauge
Field is, for example, 1000 DEG C to 1200 DEG C.Metal tube is, for example, seamless steel pipe, and the temperature field required for secondary undergauge is, for example,
900 DEG C to 1150 DEG C.According to these temperature settings, enabling to shaping operation successfully carries out and improves operating efficiency.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a stem reducing mould is promoted by the side slide of forcing press, is once being contracted
After footpath completes, side slide is to two side shiftings to return a stem reducing mould.Secondary stem reducing mould is pushed away by the side slide of forcing press
Dynamic, after secondary undergauge is completed, the both sides movement of sideslip trend is to return secondary stem reducing mould.Using the contracting with this construction
Footpath mould is formed, can be so that operation is simple and reliable in the case of the size for ensureing driving axle housing and precision.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of former of driving axle housing spindle nose, for shaping vehicle
In driving axle housing spindle nose, wherein, the former of the driving axle housing spindle nose includes:
Die box, die box is located at the two ends for being configured to the metal pipe billet of driving axle housing spindle nose;
Heading die, is placed in die box, and heading die is used for the two ends of the pipe after jumping-up heating so that pipe
The tube wall partial thickening at two ends;
Stem reducing mould, is abreast placed with heading die in die box, for carrying out once to the two ends of pipe
Undergauge;
The side slide of forcing press, for supporting die box, is provided with horizontally and vertically table top, die box energy on side slide
Enough horizontally and vertically table tops along side slide slide, so that the centrage energy of the mould used in different operations
Enough it is aligned with the axis of pipe;And
Hydraulic cylinder in die box, hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the outside of a stem reducing mould, and has the first core,
When the two ends to pipe carry out undergauge, the precalculated position that the first core can be driven in pipe,
Wherein, side slide can promote stem reducing mould to make the two ends of its extrusion tube blank, so that the two ends contracting of pipe
Footpath is deformed into reservation shape profile, and after a necking deformation, the first core can be extracted out by hydraulic cylinder from the two ends of pipe,
First core can carry out interior shaping cavity to the two ends of pipe.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, for the shaping of heavy automobile integral driving axle housing two ends spindle nose, this becomes
Shape device structure is simple, dependable performance, integrated height, and production process is few, production efficiency height.Spindle nose profile can preferably be ensured
And the shape and size precision of inner chamber, the forming defects of axle shell shaft-head is prevented effectively from, is favorably improved product quality and reduces manufacture
Cost.
Preferably, the external diameter for reaching the end in pipe of the first core is more than the external diameter of the other parts of the first core.
According to one embodiment of present invention, also include for carrying out the two of secondary undergauge to the two ends of pipe in die box
Secondary stem reducing mould, the secondary stem reducing mould is abreast placed with heading die and a stem reducing mould.In the secondary stem reducing mould
Outside be placed with another hydraulic cylinder, another hydraulic cylinder have the second core, when the two ends to pipe carry out secondary undergauge,
The precalculated position that second core can be driven in pipe.According to the embodiment, the further combing metal stream of relief
Line, and increase the stickiness of spindle nose outer wall and stem reducing mould.
Preferably, the external diameter for reaching the end in pipe of the second core is more than the external diameter of the other parts of the second core.
According to one embodiment of present invention, side slide can promote secondary stem reducing mould to make its extruding live through once contracting
The two ends of the pipe in footpath, so that the two ends necking deformation of pipe is to reservation shape profile, another after secondary necking deformation
Second core can be extracted out by hydraulic cylinder from the two ends of pipe, and second core can carry out interior shaping cavity to the two ends of pipe.
According to the embodiment, carry out with enabling to secondary undergauge operation is simple and reliable.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that:1. simple production process, operates easy, eliminates spindle nose
Welding sequence, is conducive to mitigating axle housing quality and improving performance;2. the geomery of axle housing two ends spindle nose profile and inner chamber
High precision, the process that shaft-like core is slowly extracted out, the heaving of the sea face of undergauge process appearance can be smoothed, puts down inner chamber insertion
Directly.This shaping operation not only combing metal streamline of relief, and increase fitting for spindle nose outer wall and stem reducing mould
Property, further increase overall dimensions precision;3. the equipment configuration for designing is compact, integration degree height, easy to maintenance, takes up an area face
Product is little, easily operates, highly reliable, is conducive to improve production efficiency, reduces manufacturing cost.
Unless substantially conflicted, otherwise the feature involved by different embodiments of the invention can be mutually combined.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of automobile entirety driving axle housing.
Fig. 2 has shaped the structural representation after the spindle nose at two ends for seamless steel pipe.
Fig. 3 is the front view of the former of the two ends spindle nose of the shaping entirety driving axle housing according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the top plan view of former when carrying out a undergauge process.
Fig. 5 is the top plan view of former when carrying out second undergauge process.
In the accompanying drawings:
The side slide of 1- forcing press, 2- small oil tank pedestal, 3- die box, the guide rail of 4- side slide motion, the first oil cylinder of 5-,
The first core of 6-, 7- heading die, stem reducing mould of 8-, bis- stem reducing moulds of 9-, the second core of 10-, the second oil cylinder of 11-.
Specific embodiment
Manufacturing process and the former of the integral drive axle housing spindle nose of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It should be appreciated to those skilled in the art that the embodiments described below is only the exemplary illustration to the present invention,
Not for making any restriction to which.
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of automobile entirety driving axle housing, and Fig. 2 is the seamless of shaped automotive entirety driving axle housing
Structural representation of the steel pipe after the spindle nose for having shaped two ends.As seen from Figure 1, the two ends of driving axle housing B are formed as ladder
Axle.
Fig. 3 is the front view of the former of the two ends spindle nose of the shaping entirety driving axle housing according to the present invention.As Fig. 3 institute
Show, the former of the spindle nose for shaped automotive integral housing of the present invention includes:Die box 3, die box 3 is located to be used for into
Shape is the two ends of the metal tube of driving axle housing spindle nose;The side slide 1 of forcing press, is connected with die box 3, for supporting die box 3
And the mould in die box 3 can be made to move forward and backward;Positioned at the hydraulic cylinder pedestal 2 in 3 outside of die box, for fixed hydraulic
Cylinder;The guide rail 4 for making side slide 1 move, for ensureing the kinematic accuracy of side slide 1;And gripping block 12, which is arranged on shaping and sets
Standby middle, and for clamping pipe.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 illustrates the top plan view of the former in Fig. 3 with section view, and wherein, Fig. 4 is for carrying out first
The top plan view of former during secondary undergauge process, and Fig. 5 is for carrying out former during second undergauge process
Top plan view.
As shown in figure 4, the interior heading die (not shown) for including abreast to install of die box 3, a stem reducing mould 8 and two
Secondary stem reducing mould 9, the centerline of these three moulds is in same horizontal line.Heading die is used for two of the pipe after jumping-up heating
End so that the tube wall partial thickening at the two ends of pipe.Stem reducing mould 8 becomes for carrying out a undergauge to the two ends of pipe
Shape.Also include the secondary stem reducing mould 9 for the two ends of pipe are carried out with secondary undergauge in die box, secondary stem reducing mould 9 is used
Secondary reducing formation is carried out in the two ends of pipe.
Side slide 1 includes the horizontally and vertically table top for constraining die box 3, and these table tops constitute slide unit 13, die box 3
Can move on the slide unit 13 of side slide 1, so that the axis collinear of the centrage of mould used in different operation and pipe
Die box 3 is pinned spacing by (alignment) afterwards.Two side slides 1 are connected with the drive system (not shown) of hydraulic press respectively.
In die box 3, the first hydraulic cylinder (small oil tank) 5 for controlling the first shaft-like core 6 is arranged on and once contracts
The outside of footpath mould 8, for controlling the second hydraulic cylinder (small oil tank) 11 of the second shaft-like core 10 installed in secondary reducing die
The outside of tool 9.When the two ends to pipe carry out undergauge, first hydraulic cylinder 5 and second hydraulic cylinder 11 are respectively used to the first type
Core 6 and the second core 10 are driven in pipe.
The shape of the first core 6 and the second core 10 can be in addition to shaft-like outside shape, as long as which reaches metal tube
The diameter with diameter greater than other parts of interior end.
In undergauge operation, side slide 1 can promote the two ends of 8 extrusion tube blank of stem reducing mould, so as to pipe
Two ends carry out a undergauge, and side slide 1 can also promote the two ends of 9 extrusion tube blank of secondary stem reducing mould, so as to two to pipe
End carries out secondary undergauge.
In undergauge operation, the axis of the oil cylinder (not shown) of side slide 1 and two the first hydraulic pressure for being embedded in die box 3
Axis collinear of the central axis of cylinder 5 and second hydraulic cylinder 11 all with pipe to be processed.
The Forming Equipments of present invention design, for the shaping of heavy automobile integral driving axle housing two ends spindle nose, equipment is tied
Structure is simple, dependable performance, integrated height, and production process is few, production efficiency height.Spindle nose profile and inner chamber can preferably be ensured
Shape and size precision, is prevented effectively from the forming defects of axle shell shaft-head, is favorably improved product quality and reduces manufacturing cost.
Hereinafter illustrate that the former of the driving axle housing spindle nose using the present invention shapes the manufacturing process of driving axle housing spindle nose,
The manufacturing process includes following procedures:
1. blanking:Choose the circular section seamless steel pipe of suitable diameter and thickness, lower become to need the pipe of length.Ensure
Caliber and wall thickness are suitable with size at axle housing square-section, i.e. seamless steel pipe circular section and axle housing square section area equation;
2. jumping-up:Stove heat steel pipe two ends are heated first with intermediate frequency anaerobic so as to which the temperature field for possessing jumping-up needs is divided
Cloth, such as temperature are between 800 DEG C to 1000 DEG C.Then two ends jumping-up being carried out using bidirectional hydraulic press, reaches two end office (EO) of pipe
Portion's wall thickness is thickened, and is extracted heading die afterwards;
3. a undergauge:After pipe cooling after to be upsetting, pipe two ends are heated again using intermediate-frequency heating furnace so as to have
The temperature field that standby necking down deformation needs, such as temperature is between 1000 DEG C to 1200 DEG C.After heating, in the die box of pipe both sides
First hydraulic cylinder 5 drives the first core 6 to enter from pipe two ends respectively, is deep into precalculated position in pipe and stops.Secondly, two-way
Hydraulic press side slide 1 promotes the two ends of 8 extrusion tube blank of stem reducing mould, advances to precalculated position stopping, then in die box 3
First hydraulic cylinder 5 slowly the first core 6 is extracted out.Last side slide 1 extracts a stem reducing mould 8 to two side shiftings;
4. secondary undergauge:After pipe cooling after a undergauge, using intermediate-frequency heating furnace to pipe through a undergauge
Position afterwards is heated so as to possess the thermo parameters method for carrying out required for secondary undergauge, and such as temperature is at 900 DEG C to 1150
Between DEG C.After heating, the second hydraulic cylinder 11 in pipe both sides die box 3 drives the second core 10 to enter from pipe two ends, deep
Enter in pipe precalculated position stopping.Then two side slides 1 promote secondary stem reducing mould 9 to advance, and extrusion tube blank two ends advance to
After precalculated position stops, the second core 10 is lentamente extracted out by two second hydraulic cylinders 11 in die box 3.Last side slide 1
Backhaul, extracts secondary stem reducing mould 9, completes the shaping of integral housing end spindle nose.
Present invention process is simple, easy to operate, and the process that core is drawn out of can smooth the metal accumulation for producing due to undergauge,
The heaving of the sea face of inner chamber is eliminated, the straight insertion of spindle nose inner chamber is not only made, and so that spindle nose outer wall is adjacent to die, be greatly improved
The shape and size precision of product and mechanical performance.
Certainly, described above is not limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, and this technology is led
Change, remodeling, interpolation or replacement that the technical staff in domain is done in the essential scope of the present invention, should also belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Shield scope.