CN105436350B - Banjo axle manufacturing process - Google Patents
Banjo axle manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN105436350B CN105436350B CN201610001042.6A CN201610001042A CN105436350B CN 105436350 B CN105436350 B CN 105436350B CN 201610001042 A CN201610001042 A CN 201610001042A CN 105436350 B CN105436350 B CN 105436350B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/84—Making other particular articles other parts for engines, e.g. connecting-rods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/08—Tube expanders
- B21D39/20—Tube expanders with mandrels, e.g. expandable
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of banjo axle manufacturing process, comprises the following steps：S1）Blanking；S2）Extrude spindle nose；S3）The side of pushing away；S4）Technology groove processed；S5）Workpiece heat；S6）Radial direction bulging：Wedge-shaped drift passes through lower press its center hole, promotes two radial dilatation cores to carry out bulging to the radial direction of workpiece center hole, synchronous that workpiece is compressed axially；S7）Shaping：Two axial shaping core laminatings, lower press slide block down makes axial shaping core insert in the middle of two radial direction shaping cores, and upper press slide is descending, in the middle of the axial shaping core of wedge-shaped drift insertion two, to workpiece center hole shaping, compresses axially hydraulic cylinder axial limiting；S8）Lower press slide is up to be resetted, and takes out workpiece.Thermal expansion dress and shaping integrated are reduced process, shorten technical process chain, the precision of appearance and size, which has, to be obviously improved by the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to drive axle technical field, more specifically, it relates to a kind of banjo axle manufacturing process.
Background technology
The driving axle housing manufacture method of automobile mainly uses following several ways both at home and abroad at present：
1. cast type axle housing
Cast type axle housing system goes out central Chinese lute shape shedding shell and two using spheroidal graphite cast-iron or high-strength cast iron monoblock cast
The hollow body blank of side variable cross-section.Longer axle tube, blending bolt are pressed into after being machined to it, then by its two ends
Or bearing pin is fixed.
The characteristics of such manufacture method is：
(1) rigidity of axle housing is preferably, damping good.But impact resistance and intensity are poor.
(2) due to being had higher requirements to material and heat treatment, low production efficiency, percent defective is higher, and production cost is also high.
(3) high material consumption, power consumption is high, and working condition is poor, pollutes environment.
(4) quality is big, and subsequent mechanical processing capacity is big, is difficult to realize near-net-shape and lightweight, quick manufacture.
2. punching welding type axle housing
The drawbacks of in order to overcome cast type axle housing, external industrially developed country succeeds in developing punching press weldering in the seventies in last century
Formula axle housing is connect, and is applied to rapidly in light, Medium or severe type commercial car.The production method is made using low-carbon alloy steel thick plate
Raw material, by blanking, bending operation, strike out after half bridge shell body, lower half bridge shell body, then use CO2 gas shielded arc weldings respectively
The two group is welded into axle housing (needing 4 set square inserts of burn-oning sometimes).After machined, reinforcing ring of burn-oning, rear blanking cover
With axle tube, so as to obtain punching welding type axle housing.
The characteristics of manufacture method is：
(1) parts quality is light, lighter than same model cast type axle housing by 15% one 20%, beneficial to vehicle lightweight, it is possible to decrease oil
Consumption.
(2) percent defective is low, and production efficiency is high, suitable for producing in enormous quantities.
(3) production equipment is more, and moulds of industrial equipment are more, and investment is big.
(4) stock utilization is relatively low, and welding job amount is big.
(5) due to welding deformation, the reduction of axle housing anti-fatigue performance can be caused.Especially automobile is in the uneven road surface row that jolts
When sailing, meeting cause the damage parts such as semiaxis, the gear inside it because of axle housing deformation, have influence on the transmission performance of vehicle bridge, reduce
Its service life.
3. seamless steel pipe cold-extruded dilates the banjo axle of shaping
System makees raw material using low-carbon alloy structural steel (16MnL) hot rolled seamless steel tube, first by pipe two ends undergauge, centre
Part is changed into after square pipe using work, mould, and special-shaped pre-manufactured hole is cut out in pipe center, then using the machinery side of dilating
Method, carries out the shaping of integral housing.
The characteristics of manufacture method is：
(1) processed using seamless steel pipe, stock utilization is higher.
(2) because both sides are shaped using cold reducing, and bridge tube both sides no-welding-seam, therefore axle housing formed thereby is rigidly good.
(3) straight weld of two half bridge shells is eliminated, the workload of straight seam welding is saved.
(4) cold residual stress when dilating central housing is big, need to eliminate stress using bulk heat treatmet, cold dilate can produce
Local Cracking, percent defective is higher.
(5) it is cold dilate shaping after form bigger triangle open mouth, burn-on the set square bigger than press welding axle housing
Insert, causes deformation or residual stress.
(6) special fixture for forming mould is needed, special equipment investment is also larger.
4. overall thermal expansion type axle housing
This method is the pipe using specific dimensions, carries out that first time heating, pipe be preforming, cutting is prefabricated to its order
Hole, reheating, that thermal expansion is swollen is preforming, eventually shaping dilate, the step such as shaping.
The characteristics of manufacture method is：
(1) method is dilated using overall thermal, machining amount is reduced compared to above-mentioned three kinds of methods.
(2) product rigidity is improved.
(3) service life is improved.
(4) shaping, which is dilated, dilates with shaping and need to repeatedly shape, and production equipment is more, and moulds of industrial equipment are more, and investment is big.
(5) carry out thermal expansion on different devices to workpiece swollen, external mold and core disunity, workpiece size it is unstable
Property is higher.
(6) during shaping can not a shaping, need to Chinese lute hole axle to both sides distinguish shaping, the stretcher strain of Chinese lute hole can
Energy property is higher.
(7) workpiece direction need to be turned during shaping, is loaded cumbersome, equipment is more complicated.
(8) shaping is more with trimming eventually, and productive temp is long, and workpiece temperature declines larger, influence in process of production
Forming effect.
The manufacture method of the above-mentioned several driving axle of heavy automobile shells of comprehensive analysis, is respectively present that stock utilization is low, machinery
Processing capacity is big;Punch welding production process chain length, welding job amount is big and product poor rigidity, and service life is relatively low;Product is cold to be expanded
Swollen rear percent defective is high, and bulk heat treatmet high energy consumption still needs to the set square insert for burn-oning bigger；Existing overall heat expansion workpiece size is not
It is stable, it is loaded cumbersome, production equipment is complicated, production equipment is more, and moulds of industrial equipment are more, the shortcomings of investing big.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：In being manufactured for existing axle housing, punch welding technology and overall thermal expansion
Stock utilization present in swollen technology is low, machining amount is big;Punch welding production process chain length, welding job amount is big and makes
Product poor rigidity, service life is relatively low；Overall heat expansion workpiece size is unstable to be loaded cumbersome, and production equipment is complicated, production equipment is more,
Moulds of industrial equipment are more, and there is provided the shaping and shaping in a kind of overall heat expansion manufacturing technology of vehicle driving axle housing for the problem of investing big
The method of integration, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The present invention solve its technical problem technical scheme be：Banjo axle manufacturing process, comprises the following steps：S1）
Blanking：From the blank of tubular, according to the required measure of overall Driving axle housing；S2）Blank two ends are squeezed into axle
Head；S3）Change side：To be square tubulose close to the blank side of pushing away of spindle nose；S4）Obtained after the middle part cutting extruding of blank after bulging
Technology groove；S5）Workpiece heat；S6）Radial direction bulging：In the lower mold assemblies that workpiece after heating is put into bulging equipment, upper press
Slide block down, makes wedge-shaped drift pass through lower press its center hole, and is inserted into the middle of two radial dilatation cores, promotes two
Radial dilatation core carries out bulging to the radial direction of workpiece center hole, between the straight section of wedge-shaped drift inserts two radial dilatation cores
When, upper press slide stops descending and locks positioning, at the same time compresses axially hydraulic cylinder synchronous and workpiece is compressed axially,
Centre hole axis are thinning to the wall thickness of both sides during supplementing metal into deformed area to prevent from shaping eventually；S7）Shaping：Axial core is returned
The axial shaping core laminating of position Hydraulic Cylinder two, lower press slide block down makes two in axial shaping core insertion workpiece center hole
In the middle of radial direction shaping core, upper press slide is descending, in the middle of the axial shaping core of wedge-shaped drift insertion two, so as to workpiece centre
Hole shaping, when between the axial shaping core of straight section insertion two of wedge-shaped drift, upper press slide stops descending and locks positioning,
Compress axially hydraulic cylinder and axial limiting is carried out to workpiece, to prevent metal flow from Workpiece length is changed；S8）Axial core
Backing hydraulic cylinder promotes two axial shaping core laminatings, and lower press slide is up to be resetted, and radial direction core backing hydraulic cylinder promotes footpath
To expansion core laminating, workpiece is taken out.
In the step S5, workpiece, which is put into heating furnace, to be heated to take out after 1100 DEG C.
In the step S6, when the workpiece after heating is put into the lower mold assemblies of bulging equipment, workpiece interlude centre bore
The center line of radial centre lines alignment shaping external mold.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The overall thermal of vehicle driving axle housing of the present invention dilates manufacture method and has thoroughly eliminated welding set square edge
The technique of block, eliminates because of product defects caused by welding set square insert, improves product quality
The overall thermal of vehicle driving axle housing of the present invention dilates manufacture method stock utilization than punch welding work
Skill is significantly improved
The overall thermal of vehicle driving axle housing of the present invention dilate the moulds of industrial equipment that manufacture method used it is advanced,
Reliably, process stabilizing.It is not only suitable for producing in enormous quantities, but also can manufactures different model by changing die forming part
Driving axle housing, therefore can significantly shorten the trial production of new products cycle, possess flexible manufacturing feature.
The overall thermal of vehicle driving axle housing of the present invention dilates manufacture method and significantly improves properties of product with making
Use the life-span
The overall thermal of vehicle driving axle housing of the present invention dilates manufacture method by thermal expansion dress and shaping integrated,
Process is reduced, technical process chain is shortened, reduces staff.
The overall thermal of vehicle driving axle housing of the present invention dilates in manufacture method and limits work using overall external mold
Part outside dimension, compared to the design of local external mold in existing overall thermal expansion shaped insertion-type method, the precision of appearance and size has bright
Aobvious lifting, reduces the surplus of machining.
The design that the overall thermal of vehicle driving axle housing of the present invention dilates wedge-shaped drift in manufacture method makes it can
For billow forming and shaping, mould and equipment are reduced, productive temp is accelerated.
It is same that the overall thermal of vehicle driving axle housing of the present invention dilates workpiece center hole axial direction both sides in manufacture method
The method for walking shaping, dilates the method that shaping is distinguished in both sides in forming compared to existing overall thermal, eliminates and turn workpiece
The equipment complexity brought is high, the defect such as productive temp length, forming dimension stability difference.
The overall thermal of vehicle driving axle housing of the present invention dilates manufacture method and dilated compared with compared to existing overall thermal
Forming method productive temp is short, and temperature drop is few, and forming effect is good.
The overall thermal of vehicle driving axle housing of the present invention dilates manufacture method and manufactured compared to existing overall heat expansion
Method.Possesses quick manufacturing feature;Environmental pollution is significantly reduced, with green manufacturing feature.
（11）Both sides spindle nose is first molded and then carried out middle part axle housing thermal enlargement by the present invention, realizes really overall bridge
Shell, is once thoroughly to reform with other so-called integral housings.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the bulging equipment original state front view of banjo axle manufacturing process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the lower mold assemblies top view of bulging equipment.
Fig. 3 is the lower mold assemblies top view of loading workpiece in heat expansion forming process.
Fig. 4 is the lower press slide top view of bulging equipment.
Fig. 5 is the wedge-shaped punch structure schematic diagram of bulging equipment.
Fig. 6 is the lower mould top view after heat expansion shaping.
Fig. 7 be reforming process in, the bulging equipment front view after axial shaping core laminating.
Fig. 8 be reforming process in, lower press slide block down in place after bulging equipment front view.
Fig. 9 be reforming process in, lower press slide block down in place after bulging equipment sectional view.
Figure 10 is axial shaping core.
Figure 11 is radial dilatation core mold structure schematic diagram.
Figure 12 be shaping terminate, the bulging equipment sectional view after upper press slide return.
Figure 13 be shaping terminate, the lower mold assemblies sectional view after upper press slide return.
In accompanying drawing, each label is expressed as follows：It is 1 wedge-shaped drift, 2 axial shaping cores, 3 axial core backing hydraulic cylinders, 4 pre-
Billow forming workpiece, 5 axial compression hydraulic cylinders, 6 times press slides, 7 radial dilatation core backing hydraulic cylinders, 8 shaping external molds, 9
Radial dilatation core, press slide, 11 times press its center holes, the lower surface of 12 axial shaping cores, 13 are radially expanded on 10
Open the middle plane of core.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
In the description of the invention, it is to be understood that term " " center ", " transverse direction ", " on ", " under ", "left", "right",
The orientation or position relationship of the instruction such as " vertical ", " level ", " interior ", " outer " be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship,
It is for only for ease of the description present invention and simplifies description, rather than to indicate or imply that signified device or element must have specific
Orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, term " first ",
" second " is only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicating or implying relative importance or imply the technology indicated by indicating
The quantity of feature.Thus, " first " is defined, the feature of " second " can be expressed or impliedly comprising one or more
This feature.In the description of the invention, unless otherwise indicated, " multiple " are meant that two or more.
In the description of the invention, it is necessary to illustrate, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Even ", " connection " should broadly understood, for example, it may be being fixedly connected.Can also be detachably connected, or be integrally connected；Can
To be mechanical connection or electrical connection；Can be joined directly together, can also be indirectly connected to by intermediary, Ke Yishi
The connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, with concrete condition above-mentioned term can be understood at this
The concrete meaning of invention.
As shown in figures 1-13, banjo axle manufacturing process of the invention comprises the following steps：
Blanking：From tubular blank, according to the required measure of overall Driving axle housing.
Extrude spindle nose：Two ends spindle nose is squeezed into required shape and size.
Change side：Using special tool, mould, center section is changed into square tubulose.
Cutting technique groove：Bulging technology groove needed for after cutting extruding.
Heating：The workpiece for carrying technology groove is put into heating furnace and is heated to take out after 1100 DEG C.
Workpiece is loaded：Heated partses 4 are loaded into lower mold assemblies（Referring to Fig. 2）In, make its interlude center bore to
The center line alignment shaping center line of external mold 8, as shown in Figure 3.Load integral device original state after workpiece as shown in Figure 1.
Radial direction heat expansion shapes：Upper press slide 10 is descending, wedge-shaped drift 1 is passed through lower press its center hole 11（Ginseng
See Fig. 4）, insert in the middle of two radial dilatation cores 9, be continuously increased the distance between two radial dilatation cores 9, so that right
The radial direction of workpiece center hole carries out bulging, between the wedge-shaped straight section of drift 1 inserts two radial dilatation cores 9, upper press slide 10
Stop descending and lock positioning, the at the same time axial synchronization of squeezed fluid cylinder pressure 5 of workpiece is compressed axially to workpiece, with to deformation
Centre hole axis are thinning to the wall thickness of both sides when supplementing metal in area to prevent from shaping eventually.External mold 8 is shaped to limit the external diameter of workpiece
Size.Above press slide 10 is up after shaping returns to original position, and now the position of radial dilatation core 9 is as shown in Figure 6.
Shaping：Two ends axial direction core backing hydraulic cylinder 3 is synchronous to promote axial shaping core 2 two cores is fitted, such as Fig. 7
Shown, lower press slide 6 is descending（Referring to Fig. 8）Make two radial direction shaping cores 9 in the axial insertion of shaping core 2 workpiece center hole
It is middle（As shown in Figure 9）, until the axial lower surface 12 of shaping core 2（Referring to Figure 10）With the middle plane 13 of radial dilatation core 9
（Referring to Figure 11）Laminating.Upper press slide 10 is descending, wedge-shaped drift 1 is passed through lower press its center hole 11, inserts two axles
To in the middle of shaping core 2, it is continuously increased the two axial distances of shaping core 2, so as to workpiece center hole shaping, when wedge-shaped drift
When between the axial shaping core 2 of 1 straight section insertion two, upper press slide 10 stops descending and locks positioning, such as Figure 12, Tu13Suo
Show.At the same time the axial squeezed fluid cylinder pressure 5 of workpiece is synchronous carries out axial limiting to workpiece, to prevent metal flow from making Workpiece length
Change.External mold 8 is shaped to limit the outside dimension of workpiece.Above press slide 10 is up after shaping returns to original position.
Dismantle workpiece：Two ends axial direction core backing hydraulic cylinder 3 is synchronous to promote axial shaping core 2 two cores is fitted,
As shown in Figure 9.Lower press slide 6 is up to be returned to (referring to Fig. 7) in situ, and radial direction core backing hydraulic cylinder 7 is synchronous to push away radial dilatation
Core 9 makes two cores fit, as shown in Figure 2.Other processes are transported to by being taken out in workpiece slave unit.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those within the art that：Not
In the case of departing from the principle and objective of the present invention a variety of change, modification, replacement and modification can be carried out to these embodiments, this
The scope of invention is limited by claim and its equivalent substitution, without creative work improvements introduced etc., all should be included
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. banjo axle manufacturing process, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：S1）Blanking：From the blank of tubular, according to
The required measure of overall Driving axle housing；S2）Blank two ends are squeezed into spindle nose；S3）Change side：By close to the blank of spindle nose
The side of pushing away is square tubulose；S4）After the middle part cutting extruding of blank technology groove is obtained after bulging；S5）Workpiece heat；S6）Radially
Bulging：In the lower mold assemblies that workpiece after heating is put into bulging equipment, upper press slide is descending, passes through wedge-shaped drift and pushes
Machine its center hole, and be inserted into the middle of two radial dilatation cores, two radial dilatation cores are promoted to workpiece center hole
Bulging is radially carried out, when the straight section of wedge-shaped drift is inserted between two radial dilatation cores, upper press slide stops descending and locked
Positioning, at the same time compresses axially hydraulic cylinder synchronous and workpiece is compressed axially, prevented with supplementing metal into deformed area
Centre hole axis are thinning to the wall thickness of both sides when only shaping eventually；S7）Shaping：Axial core backing hydraulic cylinder promotes two axial shaping cores
Mould is fitted, and lower press slide block down makes in axial shaping core insertion workpiece center hole in the middle of two radial direction shaping cores, upper press
In the middle of slide block down, the axial shaping core of wedge-shaped drift insertion two, so as to workpiece center hole shaping, when the straight section of wedge-shaped drift
When between the axial shaping core of insertion two, upper press slide stops descending and locks positioning, and axial compression hydraulic cylinder enters to workpiece
Row axial limiting, to prevent metal flow from making Workpiece length change；S8）Axial core backing hydraulic cylinder promotes two axial directions whole
Shape core is fitted, and lower press slide is up to be resetted, and radial direction core backing hydraulic cylinder promotes the laminating of radial dilatation core, takes out work
Part；
In the step S5, workpiece, which is put into heating furnace, to be heated to take out after 1100 DEG C；
In the step S6, when the workpiece after heating is put into the lower mold assemblies of bulging equipment, workpiece interlude center bore to
The center line of center line alignment shaping external mold.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610001042.6A CN105436350B (en) | 2016-01-05 | 2016-01-05 | Banjo axle manufacturing process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610001042.6A CN105436350B (en) | 2016-01-05 | 2016-01-05 | Banjo axle manufacturing process |
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| CN105436350A CN105436350A (en) | 2016-03-30 |
| CN105436350B true CN105436350B (en) | 2017-10-20 |
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| CN106695261A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-24 | 广东富华重工制造有限公司 | Compensation method for thinned area in thermal expansion molding process of lorry integrated drive axle |
| CN107009147A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-08-04 | 江苏福坛车桥科技有限公司 | A kind of Drive axle housing is integrally formed equipment |
| CN107511694B (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-05-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Beam rear axle axle housing inner cavity supporting mechanism |
| CN108160857A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-15 | 闫永东 | A kind of automobile axle housing |
| CN107999621B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2023-09-12 | 闫永东 | Shaping die suitable for automobile axle housing molding |
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| CN110076252A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-02 | 华北科技学院 | The manufacturing process of middle heavy wall integral automobile driving axle housing bridge arch |
| CN111992982A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-11-27 | 孙振会 | Automatic method for forming integral drive axle |
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| CN112157173A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-01 | 合肥明辉汽车零部件制造有限公司 | Automatic production line for axle housing thermal forming process |
| CN112453238B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2023-06-16 | 燕山大学 | Stamping forming method of integral axle housing and axle package |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1073898A (en) * | 1991-12-31 | 1993-07-07 | 王显东 | Integral automobile bridge casing using steel pipe forming method and equipment |
| CN1616161A (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-05-18 | 衡阳欣凯实业有限公司 | Method for producing non-cast integrally formed antomobile driving axle shell |
| CN203316639U (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2013-12-04 | 重庆科技学院 | Automobile driving axle integral composite multi-bulging device |
| CN103894476B (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2016-08-17 | 吉林大学 | The overall thermal of driving axle of heavy automobile shell dilates manufacture method |
| CN105128600A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2015-12-09 | 湖南中联重科车桥有限公司 | Axle housing, axle, vehicle and method for manufacturing axle housing |
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