CN112157173A - Automatic production line for axle housing thermal forming process - Google Patents
Automatic production line for axle housing thermal forming process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112157173A CN112157173A CN202010999332.0A CN202010999332A CN112157173A CN 112157173 A CN112157173 A CN 112157173A CN 202010999332 A CN202010999332 A CN 202010999332A CN 112157173 A CN112157173 A CN 112157173A
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- lower die
- die holder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
- B21D43/003—Positioning devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/08—Dies with different parts for several steps in a process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/14—Particular arrangements for handling and holding in place complete dies
Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic production line for an axle housing thermal forming process, which comprises a first thermal expansion die, a second thermal expansion die, a third thermal expansion die and a fourth thermal expansion die, wherein the first thermal expansion die comprises a first lower die holder, a first punch, a first clamping mechanism and a jacking mechanism, the second thermal expansion die comprises a second lower die holder, a second punch, a second clamping mechanism and two first forming blocks, the third thermal expansion die comprises a third lower die holder, a third punch, a third clamping mechanism and four second forming blocks, and the fourth thermal expansion die comprises a fourth lower die holder, a fourth punch, a fourth clamping mechanism and two third forming blocks. The invention relates to an automatic production line for an axle housing thermoforming process, which adopts four sets of hot expansion molds to respectively carry out four hot expansion processes, so that the outline dimension and the form and position tolerance of the axle housing can meet the design requirements, the service life of an axle housing fatigue test can reach more than 80 ten thousand times, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the number of operators is reduced, and the labor cost can be reduced to 60 percent of the original cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of axle housing production and processing equipment, in particular to an automatic production line for an axle housing thermoforming process.
Background
The axle housing is used for mounting a main speed reducer, a differential mechanism, a half shaft and a wheel assembly base body, and is mainly used for supporting and protecting the main speed reducer, the differential mechanism, the half shaft and the like. In general, a conventional non-divided drive axle housing is a rigid hollow beam supported on left and right drive wheels, in which drive elements such as a main reducer, a differential, and half shafts are mounted, and the axle housing is connected to a vehicle frame or a vehicle compartment through a longitudinally disposed leaf spring. It is an important component of the drive axle and one of the main components of the drive train. The driving axle housing should have sufficient strength and rigidity, small mass and convenient disassembly and adjustment of the main speed reducer.
Original axle housing deep bid shaping adopts cold forming process, there is the deformation of kick-backing after the shaping, deep bid overall dimension is unstable, the quotation unevenness, the shaping difficulty, defects such as work hardening appear in the shaping back material, shortcoming such as quenching and tempering heat treatment process need be increased to the epilogue, it is great to lead to the axle housing dimensional error after final shaping, can't satisfy axle housing profile dimension and geometric tolerances and satisfy the designing requirement, consume a large amount of manpower and materials, the defective percentage will greatly increased, cause manufacturing cost to promote by a wide margin, so an axle housing thermoforming device has been designed and produced here, so that the above-mentioned problem of solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provides an automatic production line for an axle housing hot forming process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an axle housing thermoforming technology automatic production line which characterized in that: the first thermal expansion die comprises a first lower die holder and a first punch, a first die cavity is arranged in the middle of the first lower die holder, a first clamping mechanism for clamping two ends of a workpiece from the front side and the rear side and a jacking mechanism for jacking two ends of the workpiece from the left side and the right side are respectively arranged on the first lower die holder, and the first punch downwards expands a long hole in the middle of the workpiece, so that the first punch enters the first die cavity after the middle of the workpiece is expanded for the first time;
the second thermal expansion die comprises a second lower die base and a second punch, a second die cavity is arranged in the middle of the second lower die base, second clamping mechanisms for clamping two ends of a workpiece from the front side and the rear side are respectively arranged on the second lower die base, two first forming blocks which are opposite and can correspondingly expand forwards and backwards are respectively arranged on the inner side of the second clamping mechanism on the second lower die base, the second punch downwards extrudes the two first forming blocks to enable the two first forming blocks to correspondingly expand forwards and backwards, and then the second punch enters the second die cavity after the middle of the workpiece is expanded for the second time;
the third thermal expansion die comprises a third lower die seat and a third punch, a third die cavity is arranged in the middle of the third lower die seat, third clamping mechanisms for clamping two ends of a workpiece from the front side and the rear side are respectively arranged on the third lower die seat, four second forming blocks which are opposite to each other and can expand towards four sides correspondingly are respectively arranged on the third lower die seat at the inner side of the third clamping mechanism, the third punch downwards extrudes the four second forming blocks to enable the four second forming blocks to expand towards four sides correspondingly, and then the third punch enters the third die cavity after the middle of the workpiece expands for three times;
the fourth hot expansion die comprises a fourth lower die holder and a fourth punch, a fourth die cavity is arranged in the middle of the fourth lower die holder, fourth clamping mechanisms for clamping two ends of a workpiece from the front side and the rear side are respectively arranged on the fourth lower die holder, two third molding blocks which are opposite and can correspondingly expand forwards and backwards are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the fourth clamping mechanisms on the fourth lower die holder, the third punch downwards extrudes the two third molding blocks to enable the two third molding blocks to correspondingly expand forwards and backwards, and the fourth punch enters the fourth die cavity after the middle of the workpiece expands for four times.
Furthermore, first drift including lower insert portion and the last shaping portion of body coupling, lower insert portion for big end down's toper, and its cross section is oval, the cross section of going up the shaping portion with the cross section at lower insert portion top is the same, and is oval.
Furthermore, the first clamping mechanism comprises two fixed seats and a first long strip die, the two fixed seats are fixedly installed on the front side of the first lower die holder and are symmetrically arranged, the first long strip die is arranged on the rear side of the first lower die holder along the length direction of the first lower die holder, the rear side of the first lower die holder is respectively provided with two first guide rails along the width direction of the first lower die holder, the first long strip die can transversely move along the front and rear of the two first guide rails under the driving of a first cylinder, two ends of the first long strip die are respectively bent forwards to form clamping parts, and the rear sides of the two fixed seats and the front sides of the clamping parts at two ends of the first long strip die are respectively and fixedly connected with guard plates and respectively correspond to two ends of a workpiece clamped from the front side and the rear side; the jacking mechanism comprises two jacking columns which are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the left side and the right side of the first lower die holder, and the two jacking columns transversely move left and right under the driving of a hydraulic cylinder to respectively jack two ends of a workpiece from the left side and the right side.
Furthermore, a first limiting mechanism for limiting the first punch from the front side and the rear side is arranged below the first clamping mechanism on the first lower die holder, the first limiting mechanism comprises two second guide rails and two first slide blocks, the two second guide rails are respectively arranged below the first clamping mechanism along the width direction of the first lower die holder, the two first slide blocks respectively and correspondingly move along the front side and the rear side of the two second guide rails under the driving of the two second cylinders, and the first punch entering the first die cavity is limited from the front side and the rear side respectively.
Furthermore, the cross section of the second punch is rectangular, the front side and the rear side of the bottom end of the second punch are both wedge-shaped, and two detachable wedge-shaped insert blocks are correspondingly arranged on the front side and the rear side of the second punch respectively.
Furthermore, the second clamping mechanism comprises two second strip dies which are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the second lower die holder along the length direction of the second lower die holder, two ends of the two second strip dies are respectively and fixedly connected with a first base plate at the opposite side and respectively correspond to the two ends of the workpiece clamped from the front side and the rear side, first release grooves which provide space for the workpiece to bend after the workpiece is expanded for the second time are respectively arranged at the opposite sides of the middle parts of the two second strip dies, and first arc sections which can be contacted with the outer arc surfaces of the workpiece are arranged on the groove walls of the first release grooves; the two first forming blocks are respectively provided with a wedge-shaped surface at one side contacted with the second punch head, and arc-shaped surfaces at one sides contacted with the workpiece.
Furthermore, the cross section of the third punch is rectangular, four sides of the bottom end of the third punch are all wedge-shaped, and four detachable wedge-shaped inserts are correspondingly mounted on the four sides of the third punch respectively.
Furthermore, the third clamping mechanism comprises two third strip dies which are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the third lower die holder along the length direction of the third lower die holder, two ends of the two third strip dies are respectively and fixedly connected with a second base plate at the opposite side and respectively correspond to the two ends of the workpiece clamped from the front side and the rear side, second release grooves which provide space for the workpiece to bend after being expanded for three times are respectively arranged at the opposite sides of the middle parts of the two third strip dies, and second arc sections which can be contacted with the outer arc surfaces of the workpiece are arranged on the groove walls of the second release grooves; wedge-shaped surfaces are respectively arranged on the sides, contacted with the third punch, of the four second forming blocks, and arc-shaped surfaces are respectively arranged on the sides, contacted with a workpiece, of the four second forming blocks; two ends of the third lower die holder are respectively and fixedly connected with two first circle protecting dies which are used for correspondingly supporting the circular tube parts at the two ends of the workpiece.
Furthermore, the cross section of the fourth punch is rectangular, the front side and the rear side of the bottom end of the fourth punch are both wedge-shaped, and two detachable wedge-shaped insert blocks are respectively and correspondingly installed on the front side and the rear side of the fourth punch.
Furthermore, the fourth clamping mechanism comprises two fourth strip dies which are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the fourth lower die holder along the length direction of the fourth lower die holder, wherein the two ends of the two fourth strip dies are respectively and fixedly connected with a third base plate at the opposite side and respectively correspond to the two ends of the workpiece clamped from the front side and the rear side, third release grooves which provide space for the workpiece to bend after expanding for four times are respectively arranged at the opposite sides of the middle parts of the two fourth strip dies, and third arc sections which can be contacted with the outer arc surfaces of the workpiece are arranged on the groove walls of the third release grooves; wedge-shaped surfaces are respectively arranged on one sides of the two third forming blocks, which are contacted with the fourth punch, and arc-shaped surfaces are respectively arranged on one sides of the two third forming blocks, which are contacted with a workpiece; and two ends of the fourth lower die holder are respectively and fixedly connected with two second circle protection dies correspondingly used for supporting the round pipe parts at the two ends of the workpiece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to an automatic production line for an axle housing thermoforming process, which adopts four sets of hot expansion molds to respectively carry out four hot expansion processes, so that the outline dimension and the form and position tolerance of the axle housing can meet the design requirements, the service life of an axle housing fatigue test can reach more than 80 ten thousand times, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the number of operators is reduced, and the labor cost can be reduced to 60 percent of the original cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a first perspective view of a first thermal expansion mold according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a second perspective view of the first thermal expansion mold according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the first base of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure in the direction of a-a in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a second thermal expansion mold according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a top view of the second lower die holder according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a structural bottom view of the second upper die holder of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a third thermal expansion die according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a top view of a third lower die holder according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a structural bottom view of a third upper die holder according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a fourth thermal expansion mold according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a top view of a fourth lower die holder according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a bottom view of a fourth upper die holder according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-13, an automatic production line for axle housing thermal forming process includes a first thermal expansion mold, a second thermal expansion mold, a third thermal expansion mold and a fourth thermal expansion mold.
It should be noted that, before the thermal expansion forming is performed by using the four sets of dies of the present invention, the workpiece (i.e. the axle housing, the same below) should be heated at the temperature of 910-.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, in the present embodiment, the first thermal expansion die includes a first lower die holder 10 and a first punch 11, a first die cavity 12 is disposed in the middle of the first lower die holder 10, a first clamping mechanism for clamping two ends of the workpiece 501 from the front side and the rear side and a pressing mechanism for pressing two ends of the workpiece 501 from the left side and the right side are respectively disposed on the first lower die holder 10, and the first punch 11 moves downward to expand a long hole 60 in the middle of the workpiece 501, so that the first punch 11 enters the first die cavity 12 after the middle of the workpiece 501 is expanded for the first time.
Specifically, the first punch 11 includes a lower insertion portion 1101 and an upper molding portion 1102 which are integrally connected, the lower insertion portion 1101 is tapered with a large top and a small bottom, and has an elliptical cross section, and the cross section of the upper molding portion 1102 is the same as the cross section of the top end of the lower insertion portion 1101 and has an elliptical shape.
The first clamping mechanism comprises two fixed seats 13 and a first long strip die 14, the two fixed seats 13 are fixedly installed at the front side of the first lower die holder 10 and are symmetrically arranged, the first long strip die 14 is arranged at the rear side of the first lower die holder 10 along the length direction of the first lower die holder 10, the rear side of the first lower die holder 10 is respectively provided with two first guide rails 15 along the width direction of the rear side, the first long strip die 14 can transversely move along the two first guide rails 15 in the front and rear directions under the driving of a first air cylinder 16, two ends of the first long strip die 14 are respectively bent forwards to form clamping parts, guard plates 17 are fixedly connected to the rear sides of the two fixed seats 13 and the front sides of the clamping parts at two ends of the first long strip die 14 and respectively correspond to the front and rear sides to clamp two ends of a workpiece 501; the pressing mechanism includes two pressing posts 18 respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the first lower die holder 10, and the two pressing posts 18 are driven by the hydraulic cylinder to move horizontally left and right to press the two ends of the workpiece 501 from the left and right sides.
A first limiting mechanism for limiting the first punch 11 from the front side and the rear side is arranged below the first clamping mechanism on the first lower die holder 10, the first limiting mechanism comprises two second guide rails 19 and two first sliding blocks 110, the two second guide rails 19 are respectively arranged below the first clamping mechanism along the width direction of the first lower die holder 10, the two first sliding blocks 110 respectively and correspondingly move along the two second guide rails 19 in the front-and-rear transverse direction under the driving of two second cylinders 111, and limit the first punch 11 entering the first die cavity 12 from the front side and the rear side respectively.
Further, the first thermal expansion die further includes a first upper die base (not shown) moving synchronously with the first punch 11.
In operation, the robot places the workpiece 501 on the first lower die holder 10, the first strip die 14 moves forward along the two first guide rails 15 under the driving of the first cylinder 16, so that the two fixing seats 13 and the first strip die 14 clamp two ends of the workpiece 501 from the front side and the rear side respectively, and meanwhile, the two ejection pillars 18 move in opposite directions under the driving of the hydraulic cylinder to press two ends of the workpiece 501 from the left side and the right side respectively, so that the workpiece 501 is fixed on the first lower die holder 10.
Then the first punch 11 goes down, the lower insert part 1101 is first inserted into the elongated hole 5011 in the middle of the workpiece 501, the elongated hole 5011 is gradually expanded until the upper forming part 1102 enters the elongated hole 5011, the middle of the workpiece 501 is expanded for the first time, the first punch 11 enters the first die cavity 12, specifically, the lower insert part 1101 enters the first die cavity 12, the two first sliders 110 move towards each other along the two second guide rails 19 under the driving of the two second cylinders 111, and the first punch 11 entering the first die cavity 12 is limited from the front side and the rear side respectively. At this time, the middle portion of the workpiece 501 forms an elliptical hole matching the outer shape of the upper molding portion 1102.
The above process is the first step of the present invention, namely the first thermal expansion step. The workpiece after the primary thermal expansion can be ejected by an ejector pin (not shown) provided at the bottom of the first cavity 12.
Referring to fig. 5 to 7, in this embodiment, the second thermal expansion die includes a second lower die holder 20 and a second punch 21, a second die cavity 22 is disposed in the middle of the second lower die holder 20, second clamping mechanisms for clamping two ends of the workpiece 502 from the front side and the rear side are respectively disposed on the second lower die holder 20, two first forming blocks 23 that are opposite to each other and can expand forward and backward correspondingly are respectively disposed on the inner sides of the second clamping mechanisms on the second lower die holder 20, and the second punch 21 pushes the two first forming blocks 23 downward, so that the two first forming blocks 23 expand forward and backward correspondingly, and further the second punch 21 enters the second die cavity 22 after the middle of the workpiece 502 expands again.
Specifically, the cross section of the second punch 21 is rectangular, the front side and the rear side of the bottom end of the second punch 21 are both wedge-shaped, and two detachable wedge-shaped inserts 24 are respectively and correspondingly mounted on the front side and the rear side of the second punch 21.
It should be noted that the two wedge inserts 24 can be replaced to machine workpieces of different sizes and dimensions.
The second clamping mechanism comprises two second strip dies 25 which are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the second lower die holder 20 along the length direction of the second lower die holder, two ends of the two second strip dies 25 are respectively and fixedly connected with first backing plates 26 at opposite sides and respectively correspond to two ends of a workpiece 502 clamped from the front side and the rear side, first release grooves 27 which provide space for the workpiece 502 to bend after the workpiece 502 is expanded for the second time are respectively arranged at the opposite sides of the middle parts of the two second strip dies 25, and first arc sections which can be contacted with the outer arc surfaces of the workpiece 502 are arranged on the groove walls of the first release grooves 27; the two first forming blocks 23 are respectively provided with a wedge surface at the side contacting with the second punch 21, and the two first forming blocks 23 are respectively provided with an arc surface at the side contacting with the workpiece 502.
Further, the second thermal expansion die further comprises a second upper die holder 28 moving synchronously with the second punch 21, a through hole 29 for the second punch 21 to pass through is formed in the middle of the second upper die holder 28, and two sides of the bottom surface of the second upper die holder 28 are fixedly connected with upper press plates 210 pressing two ends of the workpiece 502 from the upper side respectively.
In operation, the manipulator places the workpiece 502 subjected to the first thermal expansion on the second lower die holder 20, and the two ends of the two second strip dies 25 clamp the two ends of the workpiece 502 from the front side and the rear side respectively.
Then the second punch 21 and the second upper die holder 28 move downwards synchronously, the bottom end of the second punch 21 contacts and extrudes the two first forming blocks 23 which are oppositely matched, the two first forming blocks 23 are expanded gradually, namely the two first forming blocks 23 are expanded forwards and backwards correspondingly until the two wedge-shaped inserts 24 on the front side and the back side of the second punch 21 contact with the wedge surfaces of the two first forming blocks 23 correspondingly, the middle part of the workpiece 502 is expanded for the second time, and the second punch 21 enters the second die cavity 22. At this time, the middle part of the workpiece 502 forms an elliptical hole matched with the arc-shaped surfaces of the two first forming blocks 23, and the outer arc surface of the workpiece 502 just contacts with the first arc-shaped section on the groove wall of the first release groove 27.
It should be noted that when the front and rear sides of the bottom end of the second punch 21 are respectively in contact with the wedge surfaces of the two first forming blocks 23, the upper platen 210 presses both ends of the workpiece 502 from just the upper side.
The above process is the second step of the present invention, i.e. the second thermal expansion step, and the obtained product is the workpiece 502 shown in fig. 5. The work 502 after the secondary thermal expansion can be ejected by an ejector pin (not shown) provided at the bottom of the second cavity 22.
Referring to fig. 8-10, in the present embodiment, the third thermal expansion die includes a third lower die holder 30 and a third punch 31, a third die cavity 32 is disposed in the middle of the third lower die holder 30, third clamping mechanisms for clamping two ends of the workpiece 503 from the front side and the rear side are respectively disposed on the third lower die holder 30, four second molding blocks 33 that are opposite to each other and can expand towards four sides are respectively disposed on the inner sides of the third clamping mechanisms on the third lower die holder 30, the third punch 32 downwardly extrudes the four second molding blocks 33, so that the four second molding blocks 33 expand towards four sides correspondingly, and further after the middle of the workpiece 503 expands for three times, the third punch 31 enters the third die cavity 32.
Specifically, the cross section of the third punch 32 is rectangular, four sides of the bottom end of the third punch 32 are all wedge-shaped, and four detachable wedge inserts 34 are correspondingly mounted on four sides of the third punch 32.
It should be noted that the four wedge inserts 34 can also be replaced to machine workpieces of different sizes and dimensions.
The third clamping mechanism comprises two third long strip dies 35 which are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the third lower die holder 30 along the length direction of the third lower die holder, two ends of the two third long strip dies 35 are respectively and fixedly connected with second backing plates 36 at opposite sides and respectively correspond to the two ends of the workpiece 503 clamped from the front side and the rear side, second release grooves 37 which provide space for the workpiece 503 to bend after being expanded for three times are respectively arranged at the opposite sides of the middle parts of the two third long strip dies 35, and second arc sections which can be contacted with the outer arc surfaces of the workpiece 503 are arranged on the groove walls of the second release grooves 37; the four second forming blocks 33 are respectively provided with a wedge surface at one side contacting with the third punch 31, and the four second forming blocks 33 are respectively provided with an arc surface at one side contacting with the workpiece 503; two ends of the third lower die holder 30 are respectively and fixedly connected with two first circle protecting dies 38 for correspondingly supporting the circular tube parts at the two ends of the workpiece 503.
Further, the third hot expanding die further comprises a third upper die holder 39 moving synchronously with the third punch 31, a through hole 310 for the third punch 31 to pass through is formed in the middle of the third upper die holder 39, two sides of the bottom surface of the second upper die holder 39 are fixedly connected with upper press plates 311 pressing two ends of the workpiece 503 from the upper side respectively, and two upper circular protection dies 312 for limiting the circular tube parts at two ends of the workpiece 503 are fixedly connected with two sides of the third upper die holder 39 respectively.
During operation, the manipulator places the workpiece 503 after the secondary thermal expansion on the third lower die holder 30, and the two ends of the two third strip dies 35 respectively clamp the two ends of the workpiece 503 from the front side and the rear side.
Then the third punch 31 and the third upper die holder 39 synchronously descend, the bottom end of the third punch 31 firstly contacts and extrudes the matched four second forming blocks 33, the four second forming blocks 33 are gradually expanded, namely the four second forming blocks 33 are correspondingly expanded towards four sides until the four wedge-shaped inserts 34 on the four sides of the third punch 31 correspondingly contact with the wedge surfaces of the four second forming blocks 33, the middle of the workpiece 503 is expanded for three times, and the second punch 31 enters the third die cavity 32. At this time, the middle part of the workpiece 503 forms an elliptical hole matching with the arc-shaped surfaces of the four second forming blocks 33, and the outer arc surface of the workpiece 503 just contacts with the second arc-shaped section on the groove wall of the second release groove 37.
It should be noted that, when the four sides of the bottom end of the third punch 31 are correspondingly contacted with the wedge surfaces of the four second forming blocks 33, the upper press plate 311 just presses the two ends of the workpiece 503 from the upper side, and the two upper circular protection dies 312 just limit the circular tube portions at the two ends of the workpiece 503 from the upper side.
The above process is the third step, i.e., the third thermal expansion step, implemented by the present invention, and the obtained product is the workpiece 503 shown in fig. 8. The workpiece 503 after the third thermal expansion can be ejected by an ejector pin (not shown) disposed at the bottom of the third cavity 32.
Referring to fig. 11-13, in this embodiment, the fourth thermal expansion die includes a fourth lower die holder 40 and a fourth punch 41, a fourth die cavity 42 is disposed in the middle of the fourth lower die holder 40, fourth clamping mechanisms for clamping two ends of the workpiece 504 from the front side and the rear side are respectively disposed on the fourth lower die holder 40, two third forming blocks 43 which are opposite to each other and can expand forward and backward are respectively disposed on the inner sides of the fourth clamping mechanisms on the fourth lower die holder 40, and the third punch 41 pushes the two third forming blocks 43 downward, so that the two third forming blocks 43 expand forward and backward correspondingly, and the fourth punch 41 enters the fourth die cavity 42 after the middle of the workpiece 504 expands for four times.
Specifically, the cross section of the fourth punch 41 is rectangular, the front side and the rear side of the bottom end of the fourth punch 41 are both wedge-shaped, and two detachable wedge inserts 44 are respectively and correspondingly mounted on the front side and the rear side of the fourth punch 41.
It should be noted that the two wedge inserts 44 can also be replaced to machine workpieces of different sizes and dimensions.
The fourth clamping mechanism comprises two fourth strip dies 45 which are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the fourth lower die holder 40 along the length direction of the fourth lower die holder, wherein the two ends of the two fourth strip dies 45 are respectively and fixedly connected with third backing plates 46 at the opposite sides and respectively correspond to the two ends of the workpiece 504 clamped from the front side and the rear side, third release grooves 47 which provide space for the workpiece 504 to bend after four times of expansion are respectively arranged at the opposite sides of the middle parts of the two fourth strip dies 45, and third arc sections which can be contacted with the outer arc surfaces of the workpiece 504 are arranged on the groove walls of the third release grooves 47; the two third forming blocks 43 are respectively provided with a wedge surface at one side contacted with the fourth punch 41, and the two third forming blocks 43 are respectively provided with an arc surface at one side contacted with the workpiece 504; two ends of the fourth lower die holder 40 are respectively and correspondingly fixedly connected with two second circle protecting dies 48 for correspondingly supporting the circular tube parts at the two ends of the workpiece 504.
Further, the fourth hot expanding die further comprises a fourth upper die holder 49 which moves synchronously with the fourth punch 41, a through hole 410 through which the fourth punch 41 passes is formed in the middle of the fourth upper die holder 49, two sides of the bottom surface of the fourth upper die holder 49 are fixedly connected with upper press plates 411 which press two ends of the workpiece 504 from the upper side respectively, and two sides of the fourth upper die holder 49 are fixedly connected with two upper circular protection dies 412 which are used for correspondingly limiting circular tube parts at two ends of the workpiece 504 respectively.
During operation, the manipulator places the workpiece 504 subjected to the three-time thermal expansion on the fourth lower die holder 40, and the two ends of the two fourth strip dies 45 respectively clamp the two ends of the workpiece 504 from the front side and the rear side.
Then the fourth punch 41 and the fourth upper die holder 49 move downwards synchronously, the bottom end of the fourth punch 41 first contacts and extrudes the two third forming blocks 43 which are oppositely matched, the two third forming blocks 43 are expanded gradually, namely the two third forming blocks 43 are expanded forwards and backwards correspondingly until the two wedge inserts 44 on the four sides of the fourth punch 41 contact with the wedge surfaces of the two third forming blocks 43 correspondingly, the middle part of the workpiece 504 is expanded for four times, and the fourth punch 41 enters the fourth die cavity 42. At this time, the middle part of the workpiece 504 forms an elliptical hole matching with the arc-shaped surfaces of the two third forming blocks 43, and the outer arc surface of the workpiece 504 just contacts with the third arc-shaped section on the groove wall of the third release groove 47.
It should be noted that, when the four sides of the bottom end of the fourth punch 41 are correspondingly contacted with the wedge surfaces of the two third forming blocks 43, the upper press plate 411 just presses the two ends of the workpiece 504 from the upper side, and the two upper circle protecting dies 412 just limit the circular tube portions at the two ends of the workpiece 504 from the upper side.
The above process is the fourth step of the present invention, i.e., the four-time thermal expansion step and the shaping step, and the obtained product is the workpiece 504 shown in fig. 11. The four hot-expanded workpieces 504 can be ejected by ejector pins (not shown) disposed at the bottom of the fourth mold cavity 42.
The workpiece 504 obtained after the fourth hot expansion process of the invention, namely the shaping process, is subjected to quick air cooling, so that the structure of the workpiece 504 can reach the structure of the outgoing normalized state of the raw materials, the mechanical property of the workpiece is high, the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation rate meet the material standard requirements, the fatigue life of the workpiece 50 can reach more than 80 ten thousand times, and a tempering process is not required to be added in the subsequent process.
Although the present description is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should be able to integrate the description as a whole, and the embodiments can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
Therefore, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application; all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an axle housing thermoforming technology automatic production line which characterized in that: the first thermal expansion die comprises a first lower die holder and a first punch, a first die cavity is arranged in the middle of the first lower die holder, a first clamping mechanism for clamping two ends of a workpiece from the front side and the rear side and a jacking mechanism for jacking two ends of the workpiece from the left side and the right side are respectively arranged on the first lower die holder, and the first punch downwards expands a long hole in the middle of the workpiece, so that the first punch enters the first die cavity after the middle of the workpiece is expanded for the first time;
the second thermal expansion die comprises a second lower die base and a second punch, a second die cavity is arranged in the middle of the second lower die base, second clamping mechanisms for clamping two ends of a workpiece from the front side and the rear side are respectively arranged on the second lower die base, two first forming blocks which are opposite and can correspondingly expand forwards and backwards are respectively arranged on the inner side of the second clamping mechanism on the second lower die base, the second punch downwards extrudes the two first forming blocks to enable the two first forming blocks to correspondingly expand forwards and backwards, and then the second punch enters the second die cavity after the middle of the workpiece is expanded for the second time;
the third thermal expansion die comprises a third lower die seat and a third punch, a third die cavity is arranged in the middle of the third lower die seat, third clamping mechanisms for clamping two ends of a workpiece from the front side and the rear side are respectively arranged on the third lower die seat, four second forming blocks which are opposite to each other and can expand towards four sides correspondingly are respectively arranged on the third lower die seat at the inner side of the third clamping mechanism, the third punch downwards extrudes the four second forming blocks to enable the four second forming blocks to expand towards four sides correspondingly, and then the third punch enters the third die cavity after the middle of the workpiece expands for three times;
the fourth hot expansion die comprises a fourth lower die holder and a fourth punch, a fourth die cavity is arranged in the middle of the fourth lower die holder, fourth clamping mechanisms for clamping two ends of a workpiece from the front side and the rear side are respectively arranged on the fourth lower die holder, two third molding blocks which are opposite and can correspondingly expand forwards and backwards are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the fourth clamping mechanisms on the fourth lower die holder, the third punch downwards extrudes the two third molding blocks to enable the two third molding blocks to correspondingly expand forwards and backwards, and the fourth punch enters the fourth die cavity after the middle of the workpiece expands for four times.
2. The automatic production line for the axle housing thermoforming process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: first drift including lower insert portion and the last shaping portion of body coupling, lower insert portion for big-end-up's toper, and its transversal ellipse that is, the cross section of going up the shaping portion with the cross section on lower insert portion top is the same, and is the ellipse.
3. The automatic production line for the axle housing thermoforming process as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the first clamping mechanism comprises two fixed seats and a first long strip die, the two fixed seats are fixedly installed on the front side of the first lower die holder and are symmetrically arranged, the first long strip die is arranged on the rear side of the first lower die holder along the length direction of the first lower die holder, the rear side of the first lower die holder is respectively provided with two first guide rails along the width direction of the first lower die holder, the first long strip die can transversely move along the two first guide rails in the front and rear directions under the driving of a first air cylinder, two ends of the first long strip die are respectively bent forwards to form clamping parts, and the rear sides of the two fixed seats and the front sides of the clamping parts at two ends of the first long strip die are respectively and fixedly connected with guard plates and respectively correspond to two ends of a workpiece clamped from the front side and the rear side; the jacking mechanism comprises two jacking columns which are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the left side and the right side of the first lower die holder, and the two jacking columns transversely move left and right under the driving of a hydraulic cylinder to respectively jack two ends of a workpiece from the left side and the right side.
4. The automatic production line for the axle housing thermoforming process as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the first die holder is provided with a first limiting mechanism which limits the first punch from the front side and the rear side below the first clamping mechanism, the first limiting mechanism comprises two second guide rails and two first slide blocks, the two second guide rails are arranged below the first clamping mechanism respectively along the width direction of the first die holder, the two first slide blocks respectively and correspondingly move transversely along the front side and the rear side of the two second guide rails under the driving of the two second cylinders, and the first punch entering the first die cavity is limited from the front side and the rear side respectively.
5. The automatic production line for the axle housing thermoforming process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the second punch is rectangular, the front side and the rear side of the bottom end of the second punch are both wedge-shaped, and two detachable wedge-shaped inserts are correspondingly installed on the front side and the rear side of the second punch respectively.
6. The automatic production line for the axle housing thermoforming process as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the second clamping mechanism comprises two second long strip dies which are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the second lower die holder along the length direction of the second lower die holder, two ends of the two second long strip dies are respectively and fixedly connected with a first base plate at the opposite side and respectively correspond to two ends of a workpiece clamped from the front side and the rear side, first release grooves which provide space for the workpiece to bend after the workpiece is expanded for the second time are respectively arranged at the opposite sides of the middle parts of the two second long strip dies, and first arc sections which can be contacted with the outer arc surfaces of the workpiece are arranged on the groove walls of the first release grooves; the two first forming blocks are respectively provided with a wedge-shaped surface at one side contacted with the second punch head, and arc-shaped surfaces at one sides contacted with the workpiece.
7. The automatic production line for the axle housing thermoforming process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the third punch is rectangular, four sides of the bottom end of the third punch are all wedge-shaped, and four detachable wedge-shaped inserts are correspondingly mounted on the four sides of the third punch respectively.
8. The automatic production line for the axle housing thermoforming process as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the third clamping mechanism comprises two third long strip dies which are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the third lower die holder along the length direction of the third lower die holder, the two ends of the two third long strip dies are respectively and fixedly connected with a second base plate at the opposite side and respectively correspond to the two ends of a workpiece clamped from the front side and the rear side, second release grooves which provide space for the workpiece to bend after being expanded for three times are respectively arranged at the opposite sides of the middle parts of the two third long strip dies, and second arc sections which can be contacted with the outer arc surfaces of the workpiece are arranged on the groove walls of the second release grooves; wedge-shaped surfaces are respectively arranged on the sides, contacted with the third punch, of the four second forming blocks, and arc-shaped surfaces are respectively arranged on the sides, contacted with a workpiece, of the four second forming blocks; two ends of the third lower die holder are respectively and fixedly connected with two first circle protecting dies which are used for correspondingly supporting the circular tube parts at the two ends of the workpiece.
9. The automatic production line for the axle housing thermoforming process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the fourth punch is rectangular, the front side and the rear side of the bottom end of the fourth punch are both wedge-shaped, and two detachable wedge-shaped inserts are correspondingly installed on the front side and the rear side of the fourth punch respectively.
10. The automatic production line for the axle housing thermoforming process as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the fourth clamping mechanism comprises two fourth strip dies which are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the fourth lower die holder along the length direction of the fourth lower die holder, wherein the two ends of the two fourth strip dies are respectively and fixedly connected with a third base plate at the opposite side and respectively correspond to the two ends of a workpiece clamped from the front side and the rear side, third release grooves which provide space for bending the workpiece after four times of expansion are respectively arranged at the opposite sides of the middle parts of the two fourth strip dies, and third arc sections which can be contacted with the outer arc surfaces of the workpiece are arranged on the groove walls of the third release grooves; wedge-shaped surfaces are respectively arranged on one sides of the two third forming blocks, which are contacted with the fourth punch, and arc-shaped surfaces are respectively arranged on one sides of the two third forming blocks, which are contacted with a workpiece; and two ends of the fourth lower die holder are respectively and fixedly connected with two second circle protection dies correspondingly used for supporting the round pipe parts at the two ends of the workpiece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010999332.0A CN112157173A (en) | 2020-09-22 | 2020-09-22 | Automatic production line for axle housing thermal forming process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010999332.0A CN112157173A (en) | 2020-09-22 | 2020-09-22 | Automatic production line for axle housing thermal forming process |
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| CN112157173A true CN112157173A (en) | 2021-01-01 |
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| CN202010999332.0A Pending CN112157173A (en) | 2020-09-22 | 2020-09-22 | Automatic production line for axle housing thermal forming process |
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