CN1213593A - Hot extrusion forming technology for semi-axis sleeve - Google Patents

Hot extrusion forming technology for semi-axis sleeve Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1213593A
CN1213593A CN 97106138 CN97106138A CN1213593A CN 1213593 A CN1213593 A CN 1213593A CN 97106138 CN97106138 CN 97106138 CN 97106138 A CN97106138 A CN 97106138A CN 1213593 A CN1213593 A CN 1213593A
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shaping
axle tube
technology
shaped
die
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CN 97106138
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CN1075748C (en
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邓晓光
王立云
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Fengcheng Shuguang Automobile Semi Axle Co Ltd
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Abstract

The hot extrusion forming technology of the axle shaft sleeve is to use hot rolled round steel or square steel as a blank to produce a rear axle shaft sleeve forge piece of a heavy-duty truck on a universal oil press, and a set of new forming technology is created, namely a special hydraulic die, a die lubricating and cooling (water cooling) system, different products and the like are designed in different forming modes. The invention overcomes the defects of the prior seamless steel tube blank in a horizontal forging machine or a die forging method, ensures the product quality, greatly reduces the equipment cost and the raw material cost of the product, and is beneficial to popularization and application.

Description

Half Sleeve Pipe Hot Extrusion Technology
The invention belongs to mechanical hot processing, the forging field relates to the hot-pressed technology of a kind of truck rear axle tube.
Axle tube is the important part in addition on the truck back axle, the weight that truck 70-80% is born in requirement, and the alternate load that withstands shocks, condition of work are very abominable.So axle tube should have good comprehensive mechanical performance, single bridge truck per car consumption is 2, and the doube bridge truck is 4.It is bad that China's truck rear axle tube all adopts the effective seamless steel pipe of automobile half shaft (GB3088-82) work hair at present, at horizontal forging and upsetting machine or adopt loose tooling forging method forging and molding, as China main truck manufacturer: China FAW company, Aeolus Group, Chinese heavy-duty car group company etc.The problem that adopts seamless steel pipe to forge the axle tube existence mainly contains: 1. seamless steel pipe wall thickness poor (difference of the same cross section of steel pipe wall thickness) is bigger, by GB GB3088-82, wall thickness is greater than 15 steel pipe, its wall thickness deviation permissible value is (+12.5%)-(7.5%), with wall thickness 25mm seamless steel pipe is example, and its wall thickness permissible variation value is 5mm.Therefore the machine-finish allowance of axle tube is bigger, to guarantee tube wall enough machine-finish allowances is arranged; 2. the car rear axle semi-axis sleeve pipe is being subjected to several dimensions of existing national standard defined and the restriction of material composition aspect physical dimension design and the Intensity Design, and the complicated axle tube of some geomery adopts not have and meets steel pipe to be difficult to be shaped; 3. the effective seamless steel pipe price of automobile half shaft is higher, than hot rolling round steel or the high 70-75% of square steel, is unfavorable for reducing production costs; 4. forging axle tube with seamless steel pipe is local deformation, and the interior tissue of forging is second-rate, and the material fiber streamline is undesirable.
Hot rolled circular steel or square steel forging and molding on the Rapid Thermal extrusion equipment of special use is all adopted as U.S., Germany, Japan, Korea S etc. in the auto industry more developed country in the world at present, axle tube for flanged dish then adopts multiple devices to unite the method for forging, elder generation is swaged into the head of flanged dish shape and goes out blind hole on die hammer, after heating once more, punching extrusion molding bar portion on hydraulic press.This forging quality is good, plants forging before performance is better than, and is at present in the world than product of the future.But this technology is because of its special equipment cost an arm and a leg (every equipment is wanted ten thousand dollars of 60-70 approximately), the enterprise of China and most of developing countries holds to dare not accept because of fund and is difficult to introduce, and also is difficult to accept because of its apparatus expensive causes product cost higher (every 300-400 yuan) user.
The objective of the invention is to develop a kind of new hot-pressed technology of truck rear axle tube, plan cost in forging equipment is low for adopting hot rolled circular steel or square steel to do blank on the omnipotent hydraulic press, production comprises the flanged dish and the axle tube forging of flanged dish not, when reducing production costs, improve the quality of products, satisfy the requirement of rear axle tube at aspects such as physical dimension, Intensity Design.
The axial length overall of truck axle tube is generally about 300mm, adding that perforation is shaped and the required stroke of pickup, requires device travel greater than 900mm, and die shut height is greater than 700mm, and enough big work top will be arranged.These require to be difficult to realization on as die hammer, hot die forging press and horizontal forging and upsetting machine on the common forging equipment.Therefore our decision is adopted hot rolled circular steel or square steel to make blank on omnipotent hydraulic press and is produced the axle tube forging.Omnipotent hydraulic press is one of cheapest equipment of cost in the forging equipment, adopts this equipment can reduce project investment significantly, and 500 tons of omnipotent hydraulic presses only need 290,000 yuan of RMB.But on omnipotent hydraulic press, forge axle tube and at first should resolve following three problems: the first, omnipotent hydraulic press can not bear eccentric load, and promptly the equipment Center of Pressure should overlap with the metal forming center.Axle tube is shaped to be needed through blanking, jumping-up, shaping jumping-up, forward extrusion bar portion, expand operations such as heading portion (being shaped eventually) and butt, 2 main shaping work steps (forward extrusion bar portion be shaped eventually) wherein, its deformation force is bigger, how to make the center of deformation of each shaping work step overlap with the equipment Center of Pressure; The second, omnipotent hydraulic press speed of working stroke only is 8-10mm/ second, finishes each shaping work step required time and is about 12-20 second, and mold cavity and thermometal blank are longer time of contact, and mould heats up can be very high.Therefore the lubricated cooling problem of mould must be resolved, otherwise the life-span of mould can be very low.Even may not realize pricking the shaping of steel stock; The 3rd, to prick the steel billet material and descend owing to heat with the mold cavity long temperature that causes time of contact, plastic force sharply increases, and therefore needs a kind of rational metal forming mode of searching and mold cavity structure, to reach the purpose that reduces deformation force to greatest extent.
For solving first problem, we have designed the specific hydraulic mould bases, this mould bases by steel up and down die holder, push cylinder, guide rail, locating piece and servomechanism are formed up and down, and be fixed on by last lower bolster on the work top up and down of omnipotent hydraulic press (this hydraulic pressure die-shelf is as the separate case application).When arranging station, be shaped two work steps of deformation force maximum of axle tube are arranged in respectively on the left and right sides station of mould bases.Work is initial, and the center of left station overlaps with equipment (omnipotent hydraulic press) center in the die holder up and down; When left station be shaped finish after, push away up and down block oil cylinder up and down die holder advance the distance of a station in a left side simultaneously, this moment up and down in the die holder center of right working position overlap with equipment center.Back and forth movement like this, station center, the left and right sides alternately overlaps with equipment center, has avoided equipment to bear excessive eccentric load when being shaped.
For solving second problem, we at the design feature of die and drift and stressing conditions well-designed circulating water cooling system, and adopt the water-based graphite agent that drift and die are lubricated.Circulating water cooling system is adorned a water jacket at the die outer surface as shown in Figure 1, and water jacket is provided with spiral helicine circulation water channel, and the heat of die is passed to cooling jacket, by recirculated water wherein heat is taken away, thereby the temperature that guarantees die body can be not too high again.(temperature is controlled at 200-300 ℃) be provided with on drift-deep hole of Φ 15, insert the water pipe of a Φ 10 in the hole, form circulation waterway like this between water pipe and its gap, by recirculated water the heat of drift is taken away, the temperature that guarantees drift can too high (temperature be controlled at 200-300 ℃).
In order to solve the 3rd problem, we have at first analyzed the various factors that influences deformation force, and the factor that influences deformation force mainly contains: the size (as shown in Figure 2) of the physical dimension factor of temperature deformation speed and forging (axle tube) [A-(B+2C)] value.According to the data that obtain from experiment, rate of deformation is low more, and deformation force is more little, and the jumping-up deformation force on omnipotent hydraulic press is about the 1/3-1/5 on the hot die forging press, and this is the favourable one side that is shaped on the omnipotent hydraulic press.The key that reduces deformation force is how to guarantee to prick the steel billet material has enough temperature and reduces physical dimension factor [A-(B+2C)] in deformation process value.Axle tube head tube wall is thin than bar portion, if axle tube head and bar portion are shaped simultaneously, head comparatively fast causes resistance of deformation to increase severely because of the thin temperature of wall descends in reaching tens seconds forming process.For fear of this situation occurring, we partly go on foot axle tube head and bar and carry out: the external diameter and the aperture of head are reduced, shaped bar portion of elder generation, so both increased the wall thickness of head part, also reduced simultaneously the value of structure size factor [A-(B+2C)], plastic force is reduced, guarantee the smooth shaping of bar portion; Reshape head after bar portion is shaped, head is shaped to expand the rammer mode, and plastic force is less, the bar portion shape that remains unchanged.We sum up the forming mode of three kinds of suitable axle tubes as shown in Figure 3 through repetition test according to the various geomery of axle tube.Being shaped a certain half-axile sleeve can be according to its geomery characteristic, and forming mode adopts the combination of one or more modes wherein.This invention can produce flanged dish and not the axle tube of the different shape size of flanged dish shown in Fig. 2 and table one.
By first shaping casing head postforming telescopic mast portion of portion " two pyrogene shapes " technology, changing first shaped bar portion's post-forming heads " a pyrogene shape " into is the another characteristics of the present invention with the crucial work step of flanged dish axle tube shaping.External forging method is a first shaping head postforming bar portion, because head easily is shaped, to first shaping head, temperature has not reached forming requirements during bar to be formed portion, must heat again and just can finish, be i.e. meaning " two pyrogene shapes " at the temperature height.We are first shaped bar portions, though temperature reduces during head to be formed, head is shaped needs temperature to be lower than bar portion, so needn't heat " fire " just can be shaped again.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention further is illustrated:
Embodiment one
The geomery of forging as Fig. 47 shown in, the forging head outer diameter is of a size of Φ 137, bar portion outside dimension is Φ 80, bar portion is straight section (a no gradient).Its geomery factor [A-(B+2C)]=137-80=57, whole shaping crimp area is (137 2-80 2)=9714.59mm 2, former is selected the omnipotent hydraulic press of 500t for use, and then all maximum distortions that reach of unit deformation area are power 500 * 1000/9714.59=51.47 kgf/mm 2This deformation force can satisfy the needs of the starting stage plastic force that is shaped, but along with this deformation force of decline of metal temperature just can't make metal continue distortion.Therefore head and bar partly are split into shape, the cooling of head metal is too fast when avoiding bar portion to be shaped strengthens the head wall thickness (be enlarged to 30 by 22.5, as Fig. 44,5 shown in).The forming process of this forging is: heading portion, (6) butt are expanded in (1) blanking, (2) jumping-up, (3) shaping jumping-up, (4) forward extrusion bar portion, (5).The geomery of each work step as Fig. 41,2,3,4,5,6 shown in.
Embodiment two
The forging geomery as Fig. 5 14 shown in, this forging geomery is complicated, head has the ring flange that external diameter is Φ 180, there are the gradients of 6 degree in bar portion.Its geomery factor [A-(B+2C)]=180-62=118, the crimp area is (180 2-62 2)=22427.83mm 2, the maximum distortion power that can reach on the omnipotent hydraulic press of 500t is 500 * 1000/22427.83=22.92 kgf/mm 2, this deformation force can not satisfy the needs of flow of metal power.Therefore the branch 2 that will be shaped goes on foot and carries out; The 1st the step forward extrusion of bar portion is become straight section, head is the tubular with certain wall thickness, its geomery as Fig. 5 11 shown in; The 2nd step, the distortion starting stage was the reaming extruding of bar portion for combined shaping, carried out simultaneously for head expands that upsetting is shaped and pushes with bar portion reaming then; Be that flange portions upsetting formation and the reaming extruding of bar portion are carried out simultaneously at last.Because the increase gradually and the metal temperature of deformation area descend gradually, the deformation force of distortion final stage is bigger, at this moment can start the servomechanism on the hydraulic pressure die-shelf, so that equipment has enough pressure to make the last fully shaping of metal.The forming process of this forging is: (1) blanking, (2) jumping-up, (3) shaping jumping-up, (4) forward extrusion bar portion, (5) compound shaping, (6) butt eventually.8,9,10,11 of the geomery of each work step such as Fig. 5 is shown in 12,13.
Adopt this technology can produce the truck axle tube of different shape size and material composition, minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) reaches 4mm, major part ring flange diameter can reach 190mm, and this technology belongs to full fiber forges, and forging material fiber streamline is good, the interior tissue quality is good, forging ' s block dimension precision height, thickness of pipe wall difference be less than 1mm, and compares with the seamless steel pipe forging method, forge weight can reduce the 1.5-2 kilogram, and production cost can reduce 35-40%.The product of this invention is reliable through steady quality on probation, realizes former purpose of design fully.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the present invention's circulating water cooling system schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the present invention's axle tube geomery schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the present invention's axle tube forming mode schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 4 is the present invention's not flanged dish axle tube process flow diagram.
Wherein 1-blank, 2-jumping-up blank, 3-shaping jumping-up blank, 4-just squeezing bar portion,
5-expands heading portion (being shaped eventually), 6-butt, 7-axle tube.
Accompanying drawing 5 is the present invention's flanged dish axle tube process flow diagram.
Wherein 8-blank, 9-jumping-up blank, 10-shaping jumping-up spare, 11-bar portion drip molding,
The compound shaping eventually of 12-, 13-butt, 14-axle tube.

Claims (4)

1. the hot-pressed technology of truck rear axle tube is characterized in that this technology is that employing heat is pricked round steel or square steel is a blank, hot-pressed axle tube on omnipotent hydraulic press; Its processing step (program) is: blanking-jumping-up-shaping jumping-up-forward extrusion bar portion-compound the shaping eventually or portion-the butt of expansion heading.
2. the Half Sleeve Pipe Hot Extrusion Technology according to right 1, it is characterized in that this technology utilizes the specific hydraulic mould bases that be shaped two work steps of deformation force maximum of axle tube are arranged in respectively on the left and right sides station of mould bases, under the push cylinder effect, the center of left and right sides station overlaps with equipment center, has avoided equipment to bear excessive eccentric load when being shaped.
3. the Half Sleeve Pipe Hot Extrusion Technology according to right 1 is characterized in that this technology mold lubrication cooling is to adopt circulating water cooling system, the temperature (temperature is controlled at 200-300 ℃) of control die and drift.
4. the Half Sleeve Pipe Hot Extrusion Technology according to right 1 is characterized in that this technology changes postforming telescopic mast portion of first shaping casing head portion in the operation into first shaping telescopic mast portion post-forming heads; The axle tube of producing flanged dish is changed first shaping head postforming bar portion two pyrogene shapes into first shaped bar portion post-forming heads, and borrow the servomechanism effect one pyrogene shape of hydraulic pressure die-shelf.
CN97106138A 1997-10-07 1997-10-07 Hot extrusion forming technology for semi-axis sleeve Expired - Fee Related CN1075748C (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN1075748C CN1075748C (en) 2001-12-05

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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1302872C (en) * 2000-04-25 2007-03-07 三菱重工业株式会社 Metal blank for thermal expansion forming
CN100431775C (en) * 2004-03-26 2008-11-12 北京机电研究所 Fast precise semi-axle casing extruding formation process
CN100572103C (en) * 2008-09-05 2009-12-23 邓晓光 A kind of compressional deformation strengthened flexible hollow half axle and manufacturing process
CN101829696A (en) * 2010-04-06 2010-09-15 邓晓光 Deep hole extrusion forming process of medium-carbon low-alloy structural steel
CN101954436A (en) * 2010-09-26 2011-01-26 青特集团有限公司 Half-shaft pre-upsetting cooling system
CN102310154A (en) * 2011-09-20 2012-01-11 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 Die in alloy blade precision forging process
CN102489657A (en) * 2011-12-23 2012-06-13 济南中森机械制造有限公司 Hot extrusion forging device and forging method of flange plate shaft tube
CN102513791A (en) * 2011-12-27 2012-06-27 十堰园钧工贸有限公司 Technical method for forming semi-axle housing tube for large-diameter flange
CN102672087A (en) * 2011-03-14 2012-09-19 辽阳石化机械设计制造有限公司 Four-hammer hydraulic precise forging machine forging cylinder with cooling device
CN103191945A (en) * 2012-01-10 2013-07-10 江苏舒恒管夹制造有限公司 Method and device for high-pressure hydraulic flange plasticity forming
CN103302123A (en) * 2013-06-21 2013-09-18 重庆市凯尊机械制造有限公司 Backward extrusion process of long cylindrical bushing by using non-standard low-speed press
CN103586354A (en) * 2013-12-02 2014-02-19 中国兵器工业第五九研究 Multi-station hot forming die and lubrication method
CN104148559A (en) * 2014-08-26 2014-11-19 吉林圆方机械集团有限公司 Flange plate shaft tube forging method
CN104741457A (en) * 2015-03-25 2015-07-01 诸城市福日机械有限公司 Finish pressing device for automotive rear axle half-shaft sleeve
CN105081167A (en) * 2014-05-13 2015-11-25 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 Through hole forging forming method
CN105499299A (en) * 2016-01-11 2016-04-20 北京科技大学 Semi-solid horizontal-type extrusion die for manufacturing aluminum-magnesium clad double-layered tube and method
CN106825093A (en) * 2017-03-28 2017-06-13 河南英威东风机械制造有限公司 Load-carrying axle head sleeve pipe hot extrusion precise forming technique and set of molds
CN107350420A (en) * 2017-08-25 2017-11-17 南京锦冠汽车零部件有限公司 A kind of step forging molding process of automotive axle housing tube three
CN107350421A (en) * 2017-08-25 2017-11-17 南京锦冠汽车零部件有限公司 A kind of step of automotive axle housing tube three shunts forging molding process
CN107497989A (en) * 2017-08-25 2017-12-22 南京锦冠汽车零部件有限公司 A kind of step forging molding process of automotive axle housing tube four
CN111822536A (en) * 2020-08-18 2020-10-27 湖北美克汽车部件股份有限公司 One-step forming equipment and forming process for spline shaft sleeve
CN114260413A (en) * 2021-12-26 2022-04-01 贵州安大航空锻造有限责任公司 Hollow extrusion forming method for fan shaft
CN118204386A (en) * 2024-05-20 2024-06-18 山东华建铝业集团有限公司 Hard aluminum alloy extrusion die with heat dissipation mechanism

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CN101837383B (en) * 2010-06-04 2011-07-20 宁波轴瓦厂 Squeezing device for continuous rapid shaping burnishing sleeve

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CN1033584A (en) * 1987-12-19 1989-07-05 沈阳汽车制造厂 The method of three roller transverse rolling lilliput car axle tubes

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1302872C (en) * 2000-04-25 2007-03-07 三菱重工业株式会社 Metal blank for thermal expansion forming
CN100431775C (en) * 2004-03-26 2008-11-12 北京机电研究所 Fast precise semi-axle casing extruding formation process
CN100572103C (en) * 2008-09-05 2009-12-23 邓晓光 A kind of compressional deformation strengthened flexible hollow half axle and manufacturing process
CN101829696A (en) * 2010-04-06 2010-09-15 邓晓光 Deep hole extrusion forming process of medium-carbon low-alloy structural steel
CN101954436A (en) * 2010-09-26 2011-01-26 青特集团有限公司 Half-shaft pre-upsetting cooling system
CN102672087A (en) * 2011-03-14 2012-09-19 辽阳石化机械设计制造有限公司 Four-hammer hydraulic precise forging machine forging cylinder with cooling device
CN102310154A (en) * 2011-09-20 2012-01-11 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 Die in alloy blade precision forging process
CN102489657A (en) * 2011-12-23 2012-06-13 济南中森机械制造有限公司 Hot extrusion forging device and forging method of flange plate shaft tube
CN102513791A (en) * 2011-12-27 2012-06-27 十堰园钧工贸有限公司 Technical method for forming semi-axle housing tube for large-diameter flange
CN103191945A (en) * 2012-01-10 2013-07-10 江苏舒恒管夹制造有限公司 Method and device for high-pressure hydraulic flange plasticity forming
CN103302123A (en) * 2013-06-21 2013-09-18 重庆市凯尊机械制造有限公司 Backward extrusion process of long cylindrical bushing by using non-standard low-speed press
CN103586354A (en) * 2013-12-02 2014-02-19 中国兵器工业第五九研究 Multi-station hot forming die and lubrication method
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CN104148559B (en) * 2014-08-26 2016-05-18 吉林圆方机械集团有限公司 The forging method of flange plate shaft tube
CN104148559A (en) * 2014-08-26 2014-11-19 吉林圆方机械集团有限公司 Flange plate shaft tube forging method
CN104741457A (en) * 2015-03-25 2015-07-01 诸城市福日机械有限公司 Finish pressing device for automotive rear axle half-shaft sleeve
CN105499299A (en) * 2016-01-11 2016-04-20 北京科技大学 Semi-solid horizontal-type extrusion die for manufacturing aluminum-magnesium clad double-layered tube and method
CN106825093A (en) * 2017-03-28 2017-06-13 河南英威东风机械制造有限公司 Load-carrying axle head sleeve pipe hot extrusion precise forming technique and set of molds
CN107350420A (en) * 2017-08-25 2017-11-17 南京锦冠汽车零部件有限公司 A kind of step forging molding process of automotive axle housing tube three
CN107350421A (en) * 2017-08-25 2017-11-17 南京锦冠汽车零部件有限公司 A kind of step of automotive axle housing tube three shunts forging molding process
CN107497989A (en) * 2017-08-25 2017-12-22 南京锦冠汽车零部件有限公司 A kind of step forging molding process of automotive axle housing tube four
CN111822536A (en) * 2020-08-18 2020-10-27 湖北美克汽车部件股份有限公司 One-step forming equipment and forming process for spline shaft sleeve
CN114260413A (en) * 2021-12-26 2022-04-01 贵州安大航空锻造有限责任公司 Hollow extrusion forming method for fan shaft
CN118204386A (en) * 2024-05-20 2024-06-18 山东华建铝业集团有限公司 Hard aluminum alloy extrusion die with heat dissipation mechanism

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Assignee: Zhejiang Fineworld Automobile Cpmponents Co., Ltd.

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Denomination of invention: Semi-shaft jacket heat extruding shaping tech.

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