CN1075748C - Semi-shaft jacket heat extruding shaping tech. - Google Patents
Semi-shaft jacket heat extruding shaping tech. Download PDFInfo
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- CN1075748C CN1075748C CN97106138A CN97106138A CN1075748C CN 1075748 C CN1075748 C CN 1075748C CN 97106138 A CN97106138 A CN 97106138A CN 97106138 A CN97106138 A CN 97106138A CN 1075748 C CN1075748 C CN 1075748C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a half shaft sleeve pipe hot extruding and forming technology. The present invention utilizes a piece of hot pressing round steel or square steel as a blank, a rear axle shaft sleeve pipe forged piece of a cargo vehicle is produced on a universal oil hydraulic press, and a set of new forming technology is created, namely a special hydraulic die, a die lubricating and cooling (water cooling) system, different products with different forming modes, etc. are designed. The present invention overcomes the defect that the original seamless steel pipe is used as a workblank to be applied to a horizontal forging machine or a loose tooling forging method, the quality of the product is ensured, the cost of the device and the material cost of the product are reduced, and the popularization and the application are favorable.
Description
The invention belongs to mechanical hot processing, forging field, relate to the hot-pressed technology of a kind of truck rear axle tube.
Axle tube is the strength member on the truck back axle, the weight that truck 70～80% is born in requirement, and the alternate load that withstands shocks, condition of work are very abominable.So axle tube should have good comprehensive mechanical performance, single bridge truck per car consumption is 2, and the doube bridge truck is 4.China's truck rear axle tube all adopts the effective seamless steel pipe of automobile half shaft (GB3088-82) to make blank at present, at horizontal forging and upsetting machine or adopt loose tooling forging method forging and molding, as China main truck manufacturer---China FAW company, Aeolus Group, Chinese heavy-duty car group company etc.The problem that adopts seamless steel pipe to forge the axle tube existence mainly contains: 1. seamless steel pipe wall thickness poor (difference of the same cross section of steel pipe wall thickness) is bigger, by GB GB3088-82, wall thickness is greater than 15 steel pipe, its wall thickness deviation permissible value is (+12.5%)～(7.5%), with wall thickness 25mm seamless steel pipe is example, and its wall thickness permissible variation value is 5mm.Therefore the machine-finish allowance of axle tube is bigger, to guarantee tube wall enough machine-finish allowances is arranged; 2. the car rear axle semi-axis sleeve pipe is being subjected to several dimensions of existing national standard defined and the restriction of material composition aspect physical dimension design and the Intensity Design, and the complicated axle tube of some geomery adopts not have and meets steel pipe to be difficult to be shaped; 3. the effective seamless steel pipe price of automobile half shaft is higher, and is higher by 70～75% than hot rolling round steel or square steel, is unfavorable for reducing production costs; 4. forging axle tube with seamless steel pipe is local deformation, and the interior tissue of forging is second-rate, and the material fiber streamline is undesirable.
The auto industry more developed country such as the U.S., Germany, Japan, Korea S etc. all adopt hot rolled circular steel or square steel forging and molding on the Rapid Thermal extrusion equipment of special use in the world at present, axle tube for flanged dish then adopts multiple devices to unite the method for forging, elder generation is swaged into the head of flanged dish shape and goes out blind hole on die hammer, after heating once more, punching extrusion molding bar portion on hydraulic press.This forging quality is good, plants forging before performance is better than, and is at present in the world than product of the future.But this technology is because of its special equipment cost an arm and a leg (every equipment is wanted 60～700,000 dollars approximately), the enterprise of China and most of developing countries holds to dare not accept because of fund and is difficult to introduce, and also is difficult to accept because of its apparatus expensive causes product cost higher (300～400 yuans every) user.
The objective of the invention is to develop a kind of new hot-pressed technology of truck rear axle tube, adopt hot rolled circular steel or square steel to do blank on the lower omnipotent hydraulic press of plan cost in forging equipment, production comprises the flanged dish and the axle tube forging of flanged dish not, when reducing production costs, improve the quality of products, satisfy the requirement of rear axle tube at aspects such as physical dimension, Intensity Design.
The axial length overall of truck axle tube is generally about 300mm, add that perforation is shaped and the required stroke of pickup, require device travel greater than 900mm, die shut height is greater than 700mm, and enough big work top is arranged, these require to be difficult to realize on as die hammer, hot die forging press and horizontal forging and upsetting machine on the common forging equipment, so our decision adopts hot rolled circular steel or square steel to make blank production axle tube forging on omnipotent hydraulic press.Omnipotent hydraulic press is one of cheapest equipment of cost in the forging equipment, adopts this equipment can reduce project investment significantly, and 500 tons of omnipotent hydraulic presses only need 290,000 yuan of RMB.But on omnipotent hydraulic press, forge axle tube and at first should resolve following three problems: the first, omnipotent hydraulic press can not bear eccentric load, and promptly the equipment Center of Pressure should overlap with the metal forming center.Axle tube is shaped to be needed through blanking, jumping-up, shaping jumping-up, forward extrusion bar portion, expand operations such as heading portion (being shaped eventually) and butt.2 main shaping work steps (forward extrusion bar portion be shaped eventually) wherein.Its deformation force is bigger, how to make the center of deformation of each shaping work step overlap with the equipment Center of Pressure; The second, omnipotent hydraulic press speed of working stroke only is 8～10mm/ second, finishes each shaping work step required time and is about 12～20 seconds, and mold cavity and thermometal blank are longer time of contact, and mould heats up can be very high.Therefore the lubricated cooling problem of mould must be resolved, otherwise the life-span of mould can be very low.Even may not realize the shaping of rolled billet; The 3rd, owing to the hot-rolled steel blank and mold cavity time of contact the long temperature that causes descend, plastic force sharply increases, and therefore needs to seek a kind of rational metal forming mode and mold cavity structure, to reach the purpose that reduces deformation force to greatest extent.
For solving first problem, we have designed the specific hydraulic mould bases, and have applied for the utility model patent (patent No.: 97245403.9) separately.This mould bases by steel up and down die holder, push cylinder, guide rail, locating piece and servomechanism are formed up and down, and be fixed on by last lower bolster on the work top up and down of omnipotent hydraulic press, when arranging station, be shaped two work steps of deformation force maximum of axle tube are arranged in respectively on the left and right sides station of mould bases.Work is initial, and the center of left station overlaps with equipment (omnipotent hydraulic press) center in the die holder up and down; When left station be shaped finish after, up and down push cylinder up and down die holder advance the distance of a station in a left side simultaneously, this moment up and down in the die holder center of right working position overlap with equipment center.Back and forth movement like this, station center, the left and right sides alternately overlaps with equipment center, has avoided equipment to bear excessive eccentric load when being shaped.
For solving second problem, we at the design feature of die and drift and stressing conditions well-designed circulating water cooling system, and adopt the water-based graphite agent that drift and die are lubricated.Circulating water cooling system as shown in Figure 1, adorn a water jacket at the die outer surface, water jacket is provided with spiral helicine circulation water channel, and the heat of die is passed to cooling jacket, by recirculated water wherein heat is taken away again, thereby the temperature that guarantees die body can too high (temperature be controlled at 200～300 ℃).Be provided with the deep hole of a Φ 15 on drift, insert the water pipe of a Φ 10 in the hole, form circulation waterway like this between water pipe and its gap, by recirculated water the heat of drift is taken away, the temperature of assurance drift can too high (temperature be controlled at 200～300 ℃).
In order to solve the 3rd problem, we have at first analyzed the various factors that influences deformation force, the factor that influences deformation force mainly contains: the size (as shown in Figure 2) of the physical dimension factor of temperature deformation speed and forging (axle tube) [A-(B+2C)] value, according to the data that from experiment, obtain, rate of deformation is low more, deformation force is more little, and the jumping-up deformation force on omnipotent hydraulic press is about 1/3～1/5 on the hot die forging press, and this is the favourable one side that is shaped on the omnipotent hydraulic press.The key that reduces deformation force is how to guarantee that rolled billet has enough temperature and reduces the value of physical dimension factor [A-(B+2C)] in deformation process.Axle tube head tube wall is thin than bar portion, if axle tube head and bar portion are shaped simultaneously, head comparatively fast causes resistance of deformation to increase severely because of the thin temperature of wall descends in reaching tens seconds forming process, for fear of this situation occurring, we partly go on foot axle tube head and bar and carry out: the external diameter and the aperture of head are reduced, shaped bar portion of elder generation, so both increased the wall thickness of head part, also reduced simultaneously the value of structure size factor [A-(B+2C)], plastic force is reduced, guarantee the smooth shaping of bar portion; Reshape head after bar portion is shaped, head is shaped to expand the rammer mode, and plastic force is less, the bar portion shape that remains unchanged.We sum up the forming mode of three kinds of suitable axle tubes as shown in Figure 3 through repetition test according to the various geomery of axle tube.Being shaped a certain axle tube can be according to its geomery characteristic, and forming mode adopts the combination of one or more modes wherein.This invention can be produced the flanged dish and the axle tube of the different shape size of flanged dish not, as shown in Figure 2.The size range such as the following table of A, B, C, D, E, F representative among the figure:
| Size | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| Scope | ＜Φ160 | Φ30～Φ90 | ＞4 | ＜Φ190 | 30～100 | ＜500 |
By first shaping casing head postforming telescopic mast portion of portion " two pyrogene shapes " technology, changing first shaped bar portion's post-forming heads " a pyrogene shape " into is the another characteristics of the present invention with the crucial work step of flanged dish axle tube shaping.External forging method is a first shaping head postforming bar portion.Because head easily is shaped, elder generation's shaping head when temperature is high, temperature has not reached forming requirements during bar to be formed portion, must heat again and just can finish, be i.e. meaning " two pyrogene shapes ".We are first shaped bar portions, though temperature reduces during head to be formed, head is shaped needs temperature to be lower than bar portion, so needn't heat, " fire " just can be shaped again.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention further is illustrated.
Embodiment one
The geomery of forging as Fig. 4 19 shown in, the forging head outer diameter is of a size of Φ 137, bar portion outside dimension is Φ 80, bar portion is straight section (a no gradient).Its geomery factor [A-(B+2C)]=137-80=57, whole shaping crimp area is (137
2-80
2)=9714.59mm
2Former is selected the omnipotent hydraulic press of 500t for use, and then all maximum distortion power that reach of unit deformation area are 500 * 1000/9714.59=51.47 kgf/mm
2This deformation force can satisfy the needs of the starting stage plastic force that is shaped, but along with this deformation force of decline of metal temperature just can't make metal continue distortion.Therefore head and bar partly are split into shape, the cooling of head metal is too fast when avoiding bar portion to be shaped strengthens the head wall thickness (be enlarged to 30 by 22.5, as Fig. 4 16,17 shown in).The forming process of this forging is: 1. blanking; 2. jumping-up; 3. shaping jumping-up; 4. forward extrusion bar portion; 5. expand heading portion; 6. butt.The geomery of each work step as Fig. 4 13,14,15,16,17,18 shown in.
Embodiment two
The forging geomery as Fig. 5 26 shown in, this forging geomery is complicated, head has the ring flange that external diameter is Φ 180, there are the gradients of 6 degree in bar portion.Its geomery factor [A-(B+2C)]=180-62=118, the crimp area is (180
2-62
2)=22427.83mm
2, the maximum distortion power that can reach on the omnipotent hydraulic press of 500t is 500 * 1000/22427.83=22.92 kgf/mm
2, this deformation force can not satisfy the needs of flow of metal power.Therefore the branch 2 that will be shaped goes on foot and carries out; The 1st the step forward extrusion of bar portion is become straight section, head is the tubular with certain wall thickness, its geomery as Fig. 5 23 shown in; The 2nd step, the distortion starting stage was the reaming extruding of bar portion for combined shaping, carried out simultaneously for head expands that upsetting is shaped and pushes with bar portion reaming then; Be that flange portions upsetting formation and the reaming extruding of bar portion are carried out simultaneously at last.Because the increase gradually and the metal temperature of deformation area descend gradually, the deformation force of distortion final stage is bigger, at this moment can start the servomechanism on the hydraulic pressure die-shelf, so that equipment has enough pressure to make the last fully shaping of metal.The forming process of this forging is: 1. blanking; 2. jumping-up; 3. shaping jumping-up; 4. forward extrusion bar portion; 5. compound shaping eventually; 6. butt.The geomery of each work step as Fig. 5 20,21,22,23,24,25 shown in.
Adopt this technology can produce the truck axle tube of different shape size and material composition, minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) reaches 4mm, major part ring flange diameter can reach 190mm, and this technology belongs to full fiber forges, and forging material fiber streamline is good, the interior tissue quality is good, forging ' s block dimension precision height, thickness of pipe wall difference be less than 1mm, and compares with the seamless steel pipe forging method, forge weight can reduce 1.5～2 kilograms, and production cost can reduce by 35～40%.The product of this invention is reliable through steady quality on probation, realizes former purpose of design fully.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the present invention's circulating water cooling system schematic diagram
1,3---water inlet 2,4---delivery port 5---drift 6---water jackets
7---die
Accompanying drawing 2 is the present invention's axle tube geomery schematic diagram
The flanged dish of 8---not flanged dishes 9---
Accompanying drawing 3 is the present invention's axle tube forming mode schematic diagram
10---forward extrusion 11---backward extrusion 12---reaming extruding
Accompanying drawing 4 is the present invention's not flanged dish axle tube process flow diagram
13---blank 14---jumping-up blank 15---shaping jumping-up blanks
16---butts that forward extrusion bar portion 17---expands heading portion (being shaped eventually) 18---
19---axle tube
Accompanying drawing 5 is the present invention's flanged dish axle tube process flow diagram
20---blank 21---jumping-up blank 22---shaping jumping-up spares
23---bar portion drip molding 24---compound shaping 25 eventually---butts
26---axle tube
Claims (4)
1, the hot-pressed technology of a kind of truck rear axle tube is characterized in that this technology is that employing hot rolled circular steel or square steel are blank, utilizes the hot-pressed axle tube of dedicated hydraulic mould bases on omnipotent hydraulic press; The effect of dedicated hydraulic mould bases is to avoid omnipotent hydraulic press to bear excessive eccentric load when axle tube is shaped, and its processing step (program) is: blanking-jumping-up-shaping jumping-up-forward extrusion bar portion-compound the shaping eventually or portion-the butt of expansion heading.
2, the Half Sleeve Pipe Hot Extrusion Technology according to right 1, it is characterized in that this technology utilizes the specific hydraulic mould bases that be shaped two work steps of deformation force maximum of axle tube are arranged in respectively on the left and right sides station of mould bases, under the push cylinder effect, the center of left and right sides station overlaps with equipment center, has avoided equipment to bear excessive eccentric load when being shaped.
3, the Half Sleeve Pipe Hot Extrusion Technology according to right 1 is characterized in that this technology mold lubrication cooling is to adopt circulating water cooling system, the temperature (temperature is controlled at 200～300 ℃) of control die and drift.
4, the Half Sleeve Pipe Hot Extrusion Technology according to right 1, it is characterized in that this technology changes postforming telescopic mast portion of first shaping casing head portion in the operation into first shaping telescopic mast portion post-forming heads, the axle tube of producing flanged dish is changed first shaping head postforming bar portion two pyrogene shapes into first shaped bar portion post-forming heads, and borrow the servomechanism effect one pyrogene shape of hydraulic pressure die-shelf.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97106138A CN1075748C (en) | 1997-10-07 | 1997-10-07 | Semi-shaft jacket heat extruding shaping tech. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97106138A CN1075748C (en) | 1997-10-07 | 1997-10-07 | Semi-shaft jacket heat extruding shaping tech. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1213593A CN1213593A (en) | 1999-04-14 |
| CN1075748C true CN1075748C (en) | 2001-12-05 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97106138A Expired - Fee Related CN1075748C (en) | 1997-10-07 | 1997-10-07 | Semi-shaft jacket heat extruding shaping tech. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1075748C (en) |
Cited By (2)
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| CN101837383A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2010-09-22 | 宁波轴瓦厂 | Squeezing device for continuous rapid shaping burnishing sleeve |
| CN101690965B (en) * | 2009-10-10 | 2011-05-04 | 济南中森机械制造有限公司 | Hot extrusion forming process of half-shaft casings and special device |
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| CN1302872C (en) * | 2000-04-25 | 2007-03-07 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Metal blank for thermal expansion forming |
| CN100431775C (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2008-11-12 | 北京机电研究所 | Fast precise semi-axle casing extruding formation process |
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| CN87203484U (en) * | 1987-07-22 | 1988-08-17 | 沈阳汽车制造厂 | Half-shaft sleeve of light-automobile rear axle and its lateral rolling machine |
| CN1033584A (en) * | 1987-12-19 | 1989-07-05 | 沈阳汽车制造厂 | The method of three roller transverse rolling lilliput car axle tubes |
-
1997
- 1997-10-07 CN CN97106138A patent/CN1075748C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87203484U (en) * | 1987-07-22 | 1988-08-17 | 沈阳汽车制造厂 | Half-shaft sleeve of light-automobile rear axle and its lateral rolling machine |
| CN1033584A (en) * | 1987-12-19 | 1989-07-05 | 沈阳汽车制造厂 | The method of three roller transverse rolling lilliput car axle tubes |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101690965B (en) * | 2009-10-10 | 2011-05-04 | 济南中森机械制造有限公司 | Hot extrusion forming process of half-shaft casings and special device |
| CN101837383A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2010-09-22 | 宁波轴瓦厂 | Squeezing device for continuous rapid shaping burnishing sleeve |
| CN101837383B (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2011-07-20 | 宁波轴瓦厂 | Squeezing device for continuous rapid shaping burnishing sleeve |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1213593A (en) | 1999-04-14 |
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Owner name: SHUGUANG AUTOMOBILE SEMIAXIS CO., LTD., FENGCHENG Free format text: FORMER OWNER: DENG XIAOGUANG Effective date: 20020604 |
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Effective date of registration: 20020604 Address after: 218124, No. 20 flag street, white flag Town, Liaoning, Fengcheng Patentee after: Fengcheng Shuguang automobile semi axle Co., Ltd. Address before: 250200 Shandong province Zhangqiu Zefeng general Technology Development Company Patentee before: Deng Xiaoguang |
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| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Assignee: Zhejiang Fineworld Automobile Cpmponents Co., Ltd. Assignor: Fengcheng Shuguang automobile semi axle Co., Ltd. Contract fulfillment period: 2007.4.10 to 2017.4.10 contract change Contract record no.: 2008320000325 Denomination of invention: Semi-shaft jacket heat extruding shaping tech. Granted publication date: 20011205 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 2008.9.24 |
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| LIC | Patent licence contract for exploitation submitted for record |
Free format text: EXCLUSIVE LICENCE; TIME LIMIT OF IMPLEMENTING CONTACT: 2007.4.10 TO 2017.4.10 Name of requester: ZHENJIANGFAN AO AUTO PARTS CO.,LTD. Effective date: 20080924 |
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