EP1844875B1 - Method and device for upsetting cylindrical material - Google Patents
Method and device for upsetting cylindrical material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1844875B1 EP1844875B1 EP06712616A EP06712616A EP1844875B1 EP 1844875 B1 EP1844875 B1 EP 1844875B1 EP 06712616 A EP06712616 A EP 06712616A EP 06712616 A EP06712616 A EP 06712616A EP 1844875 B1 EP1844875 B1 EP 1844875B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- raw material
- hollow cylindrical
- cylindrical raw
- guide
- processing scheduled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
- B21K21/12—Shaping end portions of hollow articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/16—Making tubes with varying diameter in longitudinal direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
- B21K1/10—Making machine elements axles or shafts of cylindrical form
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material and an upsetting apparatus for a hollow cylindrical raw material for outwardly or inwardly expanding a prescribed portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material by increasing the wall thickness thereof.
- upsetting is executed to expand a diameter of a processing scheduled portion of a bar-shaped material by pressurizing the bar-shaped raw material in an axial direction thereof.
- the obtained product upsetting manufactured product
- the obtained product becomes poor in shape (e.g., wrinkles, scratches, etc.), which causes degradation in value as a product. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of such buckling, the following upsetting method is conventionally known.
- a raw material is secured to a securing die, and the processing scheduled portion of the raw material is inserted into an insertion hole formed in a guide to be held in a buckling prevention state.
- a guide is moved in a direction opposite to a punch moving direction while pressurizing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material in the axial direction with a punch, to thereby radially expand the processing scheduled of the raw material exposed between the tip end portion of the guide and the securing die (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the aforementioned conventional upsetting method has been applied at the time of expanding the diameter of the processing scheduled portion of the solid raw material.
- the hollow cylindrical raw material has a hollow portion therein, at the time of the upsetting, a part of the raw material tends to bend (buckles) inwardly or outwardly, causing a defective shape.
- the present invention was made in view of the aforementioned technical background, and aims to provide an upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material capable of assuredly expanding a processing scheduled portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material inwardly or outwardly so as to increase the wall thickness of the processing scheduled portion and an upsetting apparatus for a hollow cylindrical raw material suitably used for the upsetting method.
- the present invention provides an upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material as defined in independent claims 1, 13, 25, 77 and 87 and an up setting apparatus as defined in independent claims 37, 50, 63, 97 and 106. Further aspects of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
- the present invention has the following effects.
- the internal peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material are restrained by the peripheral surface of the core bar and the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole of the restraining die. Therefore, the inward and outward buckling of the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material is prevented and the inward buckling of the processing scheduled portion is prevented. And, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material is disposed in the insertion hole of the guide and therefore the external peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion is restrained by the peripheral surface of the insertion hole.
- the guide can be moved assuredly.
- the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly formed into a designed shape.
- the guide can be moved without using a guide driving apparatus, resulting in simplification of the upsetting apparatus.
- the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly pressurized with the punch.
- the setting work for disposing the core bar in the hollow portions of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material and the setting work for disposing the punch at the axial end portion side of the raw material to pressurize the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the punch can be performed simultaneously, which can improve the upsetting operation efficiency.
- the pulling out work of the core bar for pulling out the core bar from the hollow portions of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material and the removal work of the punch for removing the punch from the position of the axial end portion of the raw material can be done simultaneously, which can further improve the upsetting operation efficiency.
- the defect that the position of the core bar shifts in accordance with the movement of the punch or the expansion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be prevented assuredly.
- the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and very efficiently.
- the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
- the molding pressure can be reduced substantially.
- a cylindrical upsetting manufactured product in which outwardly expanded portions are formed at axial both end portions so that the wall thickness increases can be manufactured efficiently.
- each guide can be moved assuredly.
- the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly formed into a designed shape.
- each guide can be moved without using a guide driving apparatus, resulting in simplification of the upsetting apparatus.
- each processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly pressurized with the punch.
- the setting work of the core bar halves for disposing each core bar half in the hollow portions of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material and the setting work of the punch for disposing each punch at both the axial end portion sides of the raw material to pressurize the corresponding processing scheduled portion of the raw material with each punch can be performed simultaneously, resulting in enhanced upsetting operation efficiency.
- the pull out work of the core bar half for pulling out each core bar half from the hollow portions of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material and the removal work of the punch for removing each punch from the position of the axial end portion of the raw material can be performed simultaneously, which can further improve the upsetting operation efficiency.
- the core bar is halved in length by being divided at the axial intermediate portion, the insertion time of the core bar into the prescribed hollow portion can be shortened, which can further improve the upsetting operation efficiency.
- the defect that the position of the core bar half shifts in accordance with the movement of the punch or the expansion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be prevented assuredly.
- the molding pressure can be reduced for the same reasons as in the invention as recited in the aforementioned Item [8].
- the portion of each processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and very efficiently.
- the portion of each processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide in can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
- the molding pressure can be reduced substantially.
- the internal peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material is restrained by the peripheral surface of the core bar main body, and the external peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion are restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole of the restraining die. Therefore, the inward or outward buckling of the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be prevented, and the outward buckling of the processing scheduled portion is prevented.
- the guide is disposed in the hollow portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material to thereby restrain the internal peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion by the peripheral surface of the guide.
- the guide can be moved assuredly.
- the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly formed in a designed shape.
- the guide can be moved without using a guide driving apparatus, resulting in simplification of upsetting apparatus.
- the predetermined portion of the raw material can be assuredly pressurized with the punch.
- the setting work of the core bar for disposing the core bar main body and the small diameter portion in the hollow portion of the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material and the hollow portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material, respectively, and the setting work of the guide for disposing the guide in the hollow portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be performed simultaneously, which can improve the upsetting operation efficiency.
- the defect that the position of the core bar shifts in accordance with the movement of the guide or the expansion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be prevented assuredly.
- the molding pressure can be reduced for the same reasons as in the invention as recited in the aforementioned Item [8].
- the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and very efficiently.
- the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
- the molding pressure can be reduced substantially.
- an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material which can be suitably used for any one of the upsetting methods for a cylindrical raw material according to claims 1 to 12 can be provided.
- an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material which can be suitably used for any one of the upsetting methods for a cylindrical raw material according to claims 13 to 24 can be provided.
- an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material which can be suitably used for any one of the upsetting methods for a cylindrical raw material according to claims 25 to 36 can be provided.
- the internal peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material are restrained by the fluid pressure and the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole of the restraining die. Therefore, the inward and outward buckling of the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material is prevented, and the inward buckling of the processing scheduled portion is prevented. And, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material is disposed in the insertion hole of the guide and therefore the external peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion is restrained by the peripheral surface of the insertion hole.
- the hollow portions of the non-processing scheduled portion and the processing scheduled portion of the raw material are filled not with a core bar but with pressure fluid, the frictional force acting on the processing scheduled portion of the raw material at the time of the processing can be reduced. Therefore, the molding pressure can be reduced substantially. Furthermore, there is an advantage that it is not required to pull out the core bar from the hollow portion of the upsetting manufactured product after completion of the processing.
- the guide can be moved assuredly.
- the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly formed in a designed shape.
- the guide can be moved without using a guide driving apparatus, resulting in simplification of upsetting apparatus.
- the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly pressurized with the punch.
- the portion of the processing scheduled portions of the raw material corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide rather than the tip end portion of the guide is not heated, the portion does not deteriorate in deformation resistance. Therefore, the defect that the end portion of the raw material is crushed by the pressure from the punch into a defective shape can be prevented.
- the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and very efficiently.
- the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
- the molding pressure can be reduced substantially.
- a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufactured product in which outwardly expanded portions are formed at both the axial end portions so that the wall thickness increases can be provided.
- each guide can be moved assuredly.
- the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly formed into a designed shape.
- the guide can be moved without using a guide driving apparatus, resulting in simplification of upsetting apparatus.
- each processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly pressurized with the punch.
- the molding pressure can be further reduced, and the defect that each end portion of the raw material is crushed by the pressure from the punch into a defective shape can be prevented.
- the portion of each processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and very efficiently.
- the portion each processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
- the molding pressure can be reduced substantially.
- an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material which can be suitably used for any one of the upsetting methods for a cylindrical raw material according to claims 77 to 86 can be provided.
- an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material which can be suitably used for any one of the upsetting methods for a cylindrical raw material according to claims 87 to 96 can be provided.
- Figs. 1 to 6 are schematic views for explaining an upsetting method using an upsetting apparatus of a cylindrical raw material according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 1 denotes an upsetting apparatus according to the first embodiment, and “1” denotes a cylindrical raw material. Furthermore, in Fig. 6 , “6A” denotes a cylindrical upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the upsetting apparatus 1A.
- This upsetting manufactured product 6A is used as, for example, a preform for manufacturing a part of a cylindrical color component to be mounted at the central portion of a bush (e.g., vibration reduction bush) for vehicles, such as, e.g., automobiles or railroad vehicles, a preform for manufacturing a part of a shank member of an arm for vehicles, or a preform for manufacturing a component in which a screw hole is to be formed at the end portion of a cylindrical shank portion.
- a bush e.g., vibration reduction bush
- the raw material 1 is a straight cylindrical member, in detail, a straight round pipe made of, e.g., aluminum (including its alloy, hereinafter simply referred to as "aluminum") .
- the raw material 1 is round in cross-section, and the internal diameter, the external diameter, and the wall thickness of the raw material 1 are constant in the axial direction, respectively.
- the raw material 1 is made of, e. g. , an extruded material.
- the material of the raw material 1 is not limited to aluminum, but can be metal, such as, e.g., brass, copper, or stainless steel, or plastic.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is located at one end portion of the axial end portions of the raw material 1, or at one axial end portion of the raw material 1.
- the axial one end portion of the raw material 1 corresponds to the processing scheduled portion 2.
- the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of this raw material 1 is located at the axial other end portion of the raw material 1.
- the axial other end portion of the raw material 1 corresponds to the non-processing scheduled portion 3.
- the upsetting apparatus 1A is configured to expand the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 so as to increase the wall thickness thereof.
- This upsetting apparatus 1A is equipped with a core bar 40, a restraining die 10, a molding dented portion 12, a guide 20, a punch 30, a guide driving apparatus 60, and a punch driving apparatus 70.
- the core bar 40 is a straight bar-shaped member circular in cross-section to be inserted into the hollow portions 2a and 3a of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 to thereby restrain the internal peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 with the peripheral surface of the core bar 40 in a buckling preventing state.
- the core bar 40 is set to be constant in diameter in the axial direction.
- the restraining die 10 has a restraining hole 11 round in cross-section extended in the axial direction.
- This restraining hole 11 is configured to hold the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 inserted therein to restrain the external peripheral surface of this non-processing scheduled portion 3 with the peripheral surface of the restraining hole 11 in the buckling preventing state.
- the restraining die 10 is longitudinally divided into a plurality of pieces (e.g., two pieces). That is, it is a split mold.
- the molding dented portion 12 is, as shown in Fig. 2 , formed at the axial one end portion of the restraining die 10 continuously from the restraining hole 11. That is, this molding dented portion 12 is formed by forming an annular dented portion in the peripheral surface of the axial one end portion of the restraining hole 11 of the restraining die 10.
- the guide 20 has an insertion hole 21 round in cross-section extended in the axial direction.
- This insertion hole 21 is configured to hold the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 inserted therein so as to allow the axial movement in a buckling preventing state.
- This insertion hole 21 penetrates the guide 20 in the axial direction thereof.
- the guide 20 is movable in a direction 25 opposite to the moving direction 35 of the punch (see Fig. 4 ).
- the opening edge portion of the insertion hole 21 of the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is chamfered, and therefore the edge portion is formed into a round cross-sectional shape.
- “21a” denotes a chamfered portion formed at the edge portion.
- the punch 30 is for axially pressurizing the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1.
- the tip end portion of this punch 30 is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the axial end portion (i.e., processing scheduled portion 2) of the raw material 1, i.e., the tip end portion of the punch 30 is cylindrical in cross-section.
- a hollow portion extended in the axial direction is formed in the punch 30, and an extensible device 50 extensible in the axial direction is disposed in this hollow portion.
- the core bar 40 is connected to the punch 30 via the extensible device 50 so as to extend in the axial direction of the punch 30.
- the extensible device 50 is a fluid pressure cylinder 51 operated by fluid pressure, such as, e.g., hydraulic pressure or gas pressure.
- fluid pressure such as, e.g., hydraulic pressure or gas pressure.
- the core bar 40 is fixed.
- the punch driving apparatus 70 is for moving the punch 30 in the axial direction of the raw material 1 to give a pressure for pressurizing the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 to the punch 30.
- This punch driving apparatus 70 is connected to the punch 30 to give driving force to the punch 30 by fluid pressure (hydraulic pressure, gas pressure, etc.)
- This punch driving apparatus 70 does not require a speed controller since it is possible to make the speed of a punch constant when the target shape (designed shape) is determined. However, by employing a pressurizing speed controller, it becomes possible to arbitrarily control the upset shape (shape of expanded portion).
- the guide driving apparatus 60 is for moving the guide 20 in a direction opposite 25 to the moving direction 35 (i.e., the pressure direction to the raw material processing scheduled 2 with the punch 30) (see Fig. 4 ).
- This guide driving apparatus 60 is connected to the guide 20 to give driving force to the guide 20 with, e.g., fluid pressure (hydraulic pressure, gas pressure), an electric motor, a spring.
- This guide driving apparatus 60 does not require a speed controller since it is possible to make the speed of the guide constant when the target shape (designed shape) is determined. However, by employing a speed controller, it becomes possible to control the upset shape (shape of expanded portion).
- the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is inserted in the restraining hole 11 of the restraining die 10. With this, the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is placed in the molding dented portion 12 of the restraining die 10. In this state, the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole 11.
- the core bar 40 is inserted into the hollow portions 2a and 3a of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 [Setting work of the core bar 40].
- the punch 30 is placed at the initial position located at the axial end portion side of the raw material 1 [Setting work of the punch 30].
- the internal peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 are restrained by the peripheral surface of the core bar 40.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is inserted in the insertion hole 21 of the guide 20.
- the external peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the insertion hole 21 of the guide 20.
- an initial clearance X is set between the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 and the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12.
- the distance of this initial clearance X is set to be not larger than the buckling limit length X 0 (preferably, less than the buckling limit length X 0 ) at the cross-sectional area of the exposed portion of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 and the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12.
- the buckling limit length denotes a buckling limit length at the punch pressurizing force.
- the guide 20 is moved in a direction 25 opposite to the moving direction 35 of the punch 30 by operating the guide driving apparatus 60.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 and the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 is outwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases within the molding dented portion 12.
- the rod 51a of the fluid pressure cylinder 51 is retracted in accordance with the movement of the punch 30 to prevent the axial displacement of the core bar 40.
- a time lag to between the moving initiation of the punch 30 and the moving initiation of the guide 20. That is, in the case of initiating the pressurization of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 with the punch 30, the position of the guide 20 is fixed to the initial position, and then the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is axially pressurized with the punch 30 by moving the punch 30. After the lapse of the time lag t 0 , while continuously pressurizing the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 with the punch 30, the guide 20 is moved in a direction 25 opposite to the moving direction 35 of the punch 30.
- the traveling speed of the guide 20 is controlled by the controller of the guide driving apparatus 60 so as not to exceed the buckling limit length at the cross-sectional area of the exposed portion of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 and the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12.
- a cylinder or a machine cam of a designed constant speed can be used.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is gradually outwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases within the molding dented portion 12, and the material of the processing scheduled portion 2 is gradually filled in the molding dented portion 12 under pressure.
- the punch 30 is moved in the axially outward direction of the raw material 1 from the position of the axial end portion of the raw material 1.
- the punch 30 is removed from the position of the axial end portion of the raw material 1, and the core bar 40 is pulled out [Pulling out work of the core bar 40 and removal work of the punch 30].
- the upsetting manufactured product 6A is pulled out of the restraining hole 11 of the restraining die 10.
- the stop position X p of the tip end portion of the punch 30 with respect to the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 and the stop position X g of the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 with respect to the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 coincide with each other.
- the internal peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 are restrained by the peripheral surface of the core bar 40, and the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole 11 of the restraining die 10. Therefore, inward and outward buckling of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is prevented, and the inward buckling of the processing scheduled portion 2 is prevented.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is placed in the insertion hole 21 of the guide 20, so that the external peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion 2 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the insertion hole 21. With this, the outward buckling of the processing scheduled portion 2 is prevented.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 and the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 is outwardly expanded assuredly and favorably so that the wall thickness is increased within the molding dented portion 12. Consequently, a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufactured product 6A can be obtained.
- this upsetting manufactured product 6A is used as, e.g., a preform for manufacturing a part of a color member for bushes, a preform for manufacturing a part of a shank member of an arm for vehicles, or a preform for manufacturing a member in which a screw hole is formed at an end portion of a cylindrical shank portion. Furthermore, this upsetting manufactured product 6A is used as a member in which another member is to be integrally secured to an end portion of a cylindrical shank portion by a friction stir welding, i.e., a joint member for a friction stir welding. Concretely, it can be used as a preform for manufacturing the aforementioned shank portion of an arm for vehicles.
- the processing was usually performed by a hydroform method or a hot bulge method, which required an expensive and large-scale facility. Moreover, the hydroform method and the hot bulge method were mainly used as a processing method for obtaining a large product. As processing for obtaining a small product, machining, such as, e.g., cutting, was conventionally used. According to the upsetting method of the aforementioned embodiment, since no large molding pressure is not required at the time of the processing, the processing apparatus can be simplified.
- the guide 20 since the guide 20 is moved by the driving force of the guide driving apparatus 60, the guide 20 can be moved assuredly.
- the tip end portion of the punch 30 is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the axial end portion of the raw material 1, the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 can be assuredly pressurized with the punch 30.
- the core bar 40 is connected to the punch 30 so as to extend in the axial direction of the punch 30, so as to extend in the axial direction of the punch 30, the setting work of the core bar 40 for placing the core bar 40 into the hollow portions 2a and 3a of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1, and the setting work of the punch 30 for placing the punch 30 to the axial end portion side of the raw material 1 in order to pressurize the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 with the punch 30, can be performed simultaneously, resulting in an improved operation efficiency of the upsetting.
- a pull-out work of the core bar 40 for pulling out the core bar 40 from the hollow portion 2a and 3a of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 and the removal work of the punch 30 for removing the punch 30 from the position of the axial end portion of the raw material 1, can be performed simultaneously, resulting in further improved operation efficiency of the upsetting.
- the core bar 40 is connected to the punch 30 via the extensible device 50 which can be extended and contracted in the axial direction and the extensible device 50 is contracted with the movement of the punch 30, a problem that the position of the core bar 40 shifts in accordance with the movement of the punch 30 or the expansion of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 can be prevented assuredly.
- the chamfering work (the chamfered portion 21a) is given to the insertion hole opening edge portion of the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20, the back pressure of the material of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 effectively acts on the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 at the time of the processing. Consequently, the driving force of the guide driving apparatus 60 for moving the guide 20 can be decreased, which makes it possible to miniaturize the guide driving apparatus 60.
- P denotes an average moving speed of the punch 30 from the moving initiation thereof
- G denotes an average moving speed of the guide 20 from the moving initiation thereof
- X 0 denotes a buckling limit length at the cross-sectional area of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 before the upsetting
- X denotes an initial clearance between the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 and the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ x 0 )
- L 0 denotes the length of the raw material 1 before the upsetting required for the expanded portion 4
- X p denotes the stop position of the tip end portion of the punch 30 with respect to the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 obtained from the design volume of the expanded portion 4
- X g denotes the stop position of the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 with respect to the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 defined by the design
- t 0 denotes the time lag from the moving
- the distance between the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 and the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 at the time t of the upsetting completion, i.e., the position X p of the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 with respect to the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 is given by the following equation (i-c).
- the equation (i) can be derived by substituting the equation (i-b) for the equation (i-c), and arranging about G.
- the guide 20 is moved by the driving force of the guide driving apparatus 60.
- the guide 20 can be moved by the pressing-back force acting on the guide 20 by pressing the material of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 into the molding dented portion 12.
- the guide 20 can be moved without using the guide driving apparatus 60, which in turn can simplify the setting apparatus 1A.
- Figs. 7 to 11 are schematic views for explaining an upsetting method using an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 “1B” denotes an upsetting apparatus according to the second embodiment, and “1” denotes a cylindrical raw material.
- Fig. 11 “6B” denotes a cylindrical upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the upsetting apparatus 1B.
- This upsetting manufactured product 1B can be used as, e.g., a preform for manufacturing a cylindrical color member to be mounted in the center portion of a bush for automobiles, a preform for manufacturing a shank member of an arm for vehicles, or a preform for manufacturing a member in which a screw hole is formed at both end portions of a cylindrical shank portion.
- this upsetting manufactured product can be used as a member in which another member is to be integrally secured to an end portion of a cylindrical shank portion by a friction stir welding, i.e., a joint member for a friction stir welding.
- this upsetting apparatus 1B can be, for example, an manufacturing apparatus of a preform for bush color members, a manufacturing apparatus of a preform for a shank portion member for vehicle arms, or a manufacturing apparatus of a joining member for friction stir welding.
- "5" denotes a shank portion of the upsetting manufactured product 6B made of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1
- "4" denotes an expanded portion formed at each of both end portions of the shank portion 5.
- Each of the expanded portion 4 is expanded so that the wall thickness of the raw material 1 increases outwardly.
- this rawmaterial 1 is a straight cylindrical member, in detail, a straight round pipe, like the raw material of the first embodiment.
- the axial intermediate portion of the raw material 1 corresponds to the non-processing scheduled portion 3, and the axial both side portions of the raw material 1, i.e., the axial both end portions of the raw material 1, correspond to the processing scheduled portions 2 and 2, respectively.
- the upsetting apparatus 1B is for outwardly expanding the processing scheduled portion 2 and 2 of the axial both end portions of the raw material 1 so that the wall thickness increases.
- This upsetting apparatus 1B is equipped with a core bar 40, a restraining die 10, two molding dented portion 12 and 12, two guides 20 and 20, two punches 30 and 30, two guide driving apparatuses 60 and 60, and two punch driving apparatuses 70 and 70.
- the core bar 40 is a straight bar-shaped member round in cross-section, and is inserted in the hollow portions 2a, 2a and 3a of both processing scheduled portions 2 and 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 to restrain the internal peripheral surfaces of both the processing scheduled portion 2 and 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 in a buckling preventing state by the peripheral surface of the core bar 40.
- the core bar 40 is set to be constant in diameter in the axial direction.
- this core bar 40 is evenly divided into two pieces at the axial intermediate portion, i.e. , it is constituted by two pieces of core bar halves 40a and 40a. These two core bar halves 40a and 40a are the same in length.
- the restraining die 10 has a restraining hole 11 extended in the axial direction thereof.
- the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is inserted into the restraining hole 11, and the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole 11 in a buckling preventing state.
- This restraining hole 11 is formed in the restraining die 10 in the axial penetrated manner.
- Each molding dented portion 12 is formed at the axial both side portions (in detail, both end portions) of the restraining die 10 continuously from the corresponding restraining hole 11.
- Each guide 20 has an insertion hole 21 extended in the axial direction of the guide.
- the corresponding processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is inserted in each of this insertion hole 21 so that the corresponding processing scheduled portion 2 is movably held in the insertion hole 21 in a buckling preventing state.
- Each insertion hole 21 penetrates the guide 20 in the axial direction thereof.
- Each guide 20 is movable in a direction 25 opposite to the moving direction 35 of the punch.
- the opening edge portion of the insertion hole 21 of the tip end portion 20a of each guide 20 is chamfered, and therefore the edge portion is formed into a round cross-sectional shape.
- “21a” denotes a chamfered portion formed at the edge portion.
- Each punch 30 is for axially pressurizing the corresponding processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1.
- each punch 30 Furthermore, a hollow portion extended in the axial direction is formed in each punch 30, and an extensible device 50 extensible in the axial direction is disposed in this hollow portion. And, the corresponding core bar half 40a is connected to each punch 30 via the extensible device 50 so as to extend in the axial direction of the punch 30.
- the extensible device 50 is a fluid pressure cylinder 51. At the tip end portion of the extensible rod 51a of this fluid pressure cylinder 51, the core bar half 40a is fixed.
- Each punch driving apparatus 70 is for moving each punch 30 in the axial direction of the raw material 1 to give a pressure for pressurizing the corresponding processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 to the punch 30.
- Each punch driving apparatus 70 is connected to the corresponding punch 30.
- Each guide driving apparatus 60 is for moving each guide 20 in a direction opposite 25 to the corresponding moving direction 35.
- Each guide driving apparatus 60 is connected to the corresponding guide 20.
- the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is inserted in the restraining hole 11 of the restraining die 10. With this, each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is placed in the molding dented portion 12 of the restraining die 10. In this state, the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole 11.
- each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is inserted in the insertion hole 21 of each guide 20.
- the external peripheral surface of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the insertion hole 21 of the guide 20.
- an initial clearance X is set between the tip end portion 20a of each guide 20 and the corresponding bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12.
- the distance of each initial clearance X is set to be not larger than the buckling limit length X 0 at the cross-sectional area of the exposed portion of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end portion 20a of each guide 20 and the corresponding bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12.
- each guide 20 is moved in a direction 25 opposite to the moving direction 35 of the corresponding punch 30 by simultaneously operating both the guide driving apparatuses 60 and 60.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end portion 20a of each guide 20 and the corresponding bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 is outwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases within the corresponding molding dented portion 12.
- the rod 51a of the fluid pressure cylinder 51 is retracted in accordance with the movement of each punch 30 to prevent the axial displacement of the core bar half 40a.
- a time lag t 0 is set between the moving initiation of each punch 30 and the moving initiation of the guide 20. That is, in the case of initiating the pressurization of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 with each punch 30, the position of each guide 20 is fixed to the initial position, and then each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is axially pressurized with the corresponding punch 30 by moving the punch 30. After the lapse of the time lag t 0 , while continuously pressurizing the corresponding processing scheduled portion 2. of the raw material 1 with each punch 30, each guide 20 is moved in a direction 25 opposite to the moving direction 35 of the corresponding punch 30.
- the traveling speed of each guide 20 is controlled by the controller of the guide driving apparatus 60 so as not to exceed the buckling limit length at the cross-sectional area of the exposed portion of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 and the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12.
- a cylinder or a machine cam of a designed constant speed can be used.
- each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is gradually outwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases within the corresponding molding dented portion 12, and the material of the processing scheduled portion 2 is gradually filled in the molding dented portion 12.
- each punch 30 is moved in the axial direction of the raw material 1 from each position of the axial end portion of the raw material 1.
- each punch 30 is removed from the position of the axial end portion of the raw material 1, and at the same time each core bar half 40a is pulled out [Pulling out work of the core bar half 40a and removal work of the punch 30].
- the upsetting manufactured product 6B is pulled out of the restraining hole 11 of the restraining die 10.
- the stop position X p of the tip end portion of each punch 30 with respect to the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 and the stop position X g of the tip end portion 20a of each guide 20 with respect to the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 coincide with each other.
- the average moving speed G from the moving initiation of each guide 20 preferably satisfies the aforementioned equation (i).
- the setting work of the core bar half 40a for placing each core bar half 40a in the hollow portions 2a and 3a of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 and the setting work of the punch 30 for placing each punch 30 at the axial end portion side of the raw material 1 to pressurize the corresponding processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 with each punch 30 can be performed simultaneously, resulting in improved upsetting operation efficiency.
- the pulling out work of the core bar half 40a for pulling each core bar half 40a out of the hollow portions 2a and 3a of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 and the removal work of the punch 30 for removing each punch 30 from the position of the axial end portion of the raw material 1 can be performed simultaneously, resulting in further improved upsetting operation efficiency.
- the core bar 40 is divided into two halves at the axial intermediate portion and therefore the length is shortened, the insertion time for inserting the core bar 40 into the prescribed hollow portions 2a and 3b can be shortened, which can further improve the operation efficiency of the upsetting.
- each guide 20 is moved by the driving force of the guide driving apparatus 60 at the time of the upsetting
- the present invention does not necessarily require that each guide 20 is moved by such driving force. That is, in the present invention, each guide 20 can be moved by the pressing-back force acting on the guide 20 by press-fitting the material of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 into the molding dented portion 12. In this case, even if each guide driving apparatus 60 is not always used, each guide 20 can be moved. Therefore, the upsetting apparatus 1B can be simplified.
- Figs. 12 to 14 are schematic views for explaining an upsetting method using an upsetting apparatus of a cylindrical raw material according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 12 denotes an upsetting apparatus according to the third embodiment, and “1” denotes a cylindrical raw material. Furthermore, in Fig. 14 , “6C” denotes a cylindrical upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the upsetting apparatus 1C.
- This upsetting manufactured product 6C is used as, for example, a preform for manufacturing a shank member of an arm for vehicles, or a preform for manufacturing a component in which a screw hole is to be formed at both end portions of a cylindrical shank portion.
- the product can be used as a member in which another member is to be integrally secured to an end portion of a cylindrical shank portion by a friction stir welding, i.e., a joining cylindrical member for a friction stir welding.
- the raw material 1 is a straight cylindrical member, in detail, a straight pipe round in cross-section.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is located at one end portion of the axial end portions of the raw material 1, or at one axial end portion of the raw material 1.
- the axial one end portion of the raw material 1 corresponds to the processing scheduled portion 2.
- the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of this raw material 1 is located at the axial other end portion of the raw material 1.
- the axial other end portion of the raw material 1 corresponds to the non-processing scheduled portion 3.
- the upsetting apparatus 1C is configured to inwardly expand the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 so as to increase the wall thickness thereof.
- This upsetting apparatus 1C is equipped with a core bar 40, a restraining die 10, a molding dented portion 12, a guide 20, a punch 30, a guide driving apparatus 60, and a punch driving apparatus 70.
- the core bar 40 has a core bar main body 41 and a small diameter portion 42 integrally formed at the axial one end portion of the core bar main body 41 and smaller than the core bar main body 41 in diameter.
- the core bar main body 41 is inserted in the hollow portion 3a of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1, and restrains the internal peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 in a buckling preventing state with the peripheral surface of the core bar main body 41.
- the small diameter portion 42 of the core bar 40 is placed in the hollow portion 2a of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1, and forms the molding dented portion 12 between the internal peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the small diameter portion 42.
- the restraining die 10 has a restraining hole 11 extended in the axial direction. This restraining hole 11 is configured to hold the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 inserted therein to restrain the external peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 with the peripheral surface of the restraining hole 11 in the buckling preventing state.
- the restraining die 10 is longitudinally divided into a plurality of pieces. That is, it is a split mold.
- the punch 30 is for axially pressurizing the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1.
- the tip end portion of this punch 30 is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the axial end portion (i.e., processing scheduled portion 2) of the raw material 1, i.e., the tip end portion of the punch 30 is cylindrical in cross-section.
- a hollow portion 31 extended in the axial direction is formed in the punch 30. This hollow portion 31 penetrates the punch 30 in the axial direction.
- the guide 20 is placed in the hollow portion 2a of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1, and restrains the internal peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion 2 by the peripheral surface of the guide 20.
- This guide 20 is movable in a direction 25 opposite to the moving direction 35 of the punch. This guide 20 is placed in the hollow portion 31 of the punch 30 in the axially movable manner.
- peripheral edge portion of the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is chamfered, and therefore the peripheral edge portion is formed into a round cross-sectional shape.
- 21a denotes a chamfered portion formed at the peripheral edge portion.
- the guide 20 has a hollow portion extended in the axial direction, and a fluid pressure cylinder 51 is placed in the hollow portion as an extensible device 50 capable of being extended and contracted in the axial direction.
- the core bar 40 is connected via the fluid pressure cylinder 51 so as to extend in the axial direction of the guide 20.
- the small diameter portion 42 of the core bar 40 is detachably attached.
- the punch driving apparatus 70 is for giving pressurizing force for pressurizing the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 to the punch 30 by moving the punch 30 in the axial direction of the raw material 1. This punch driving apparatus 70 is connected to the punch 30.
- the guide driving apparatus 60 is for moving the guide 20 in a direction opposite 25 to the moving direction 35 of the punch. This guide driving apparatus 60 is connected to the guide 20.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 are inserted in the restraining hole 11 of the restraining die 10. With this, the external peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 are restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole 11.
- the core bar main body 41 is inserted into the hollow portion 3a of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1, and the small diameter portion 42 of the core bar 41 is inserted into the hollow portion 2a of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 [Setting work of the core bar 40].
- the guide 20 is placed at the hollow portion 2a of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 [Setting work of the guide 20]. In this state, the internal peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the guide 20.
- the guide 20 is inserted into the hollow portion 31 of the punch 30, and this punch 30 is placed at the initial position at the axial end portion side of the raw material 1.
- an initial clearance X is set between the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 and the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12.
- the distance of this initial clearance X is set to be not larger than the buckling limit length X 0 at the cross-sectional area of the exposed portion of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 and the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12.
- the guide 20 is moved in a direction 25 opposite to the moving direction 35 of the punch 30 by operating the guide driving apparatus 60.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 and the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 is inwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases within the molding dented portion 12.
- the rod 51a of the fluid pressure cylinder 51 is extended in accordance with the movement of the punch 30 to prevent the axial displacement of the core bar 41.
- a time lag to between the moving initiation of the punch 30 and the moving initiation of the guide 20. That is, in the case of initiating the pressurization of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 with the punch 30, the position of the guide 20 is fixed to the initial position, and then the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is axially pressurized with the punch 30 by moving the punch 30. After the lapse of the time lag to, while continuously pressurizing the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 with the punch 30, the guide 20 is moved in a direction 25 opposite to the moving direction 35 of the punch 30.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is gradually inwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases within the molding dented portion 12, and the material of the processing scheduled portion 2 is gradually filled in the molding dented portion 12 under pressure.
- the fluid pressure cylinder 51 and the core bar 40 are separated, and the bottom portion 15 of the restraining die 10 is removed. Then, the core bar 40 is pulled out of the hollow portion 3a of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1, and the guide 20 and the punch 30 are also removed.
- the stop position X p of the tip end portion of the punch 30 with respect to the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 and the stop position X g of the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 with respect to the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 coincide with each other.
- the average moving speed G of the guide 20 from the moving initiation satisfies the aforementioned equation (i).
- the internal peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the core bar main body 41, and the external peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 are restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole 11 of the restraining die 10. Therefore, inward and outward buckling of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the rawmaterial 1 is prevented, and the outward buckling of the processing scheduled portion 2 is prevented.
- the guide 20 is placed in the hollow portion 2a of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1, and therefore the internal peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion 2 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the guide 20. With this, the inward buckling of the processing scheduled portion 2 is prevented.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 exposed between the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 and the bottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 is expanded assuredly and favorably so that the wall thickness increases within the molding dented portion 12. Consequently, a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufactured product 6C can be obtained.
- the guide 20 is moved by the driving force of the guide driving apparatus 60, the guide 20 can be moved assuredly.
- the tip end portion of punch 30 is formed into the cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the axial end portion of the raw material 1, the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 can be assuredly pressurized with the punch 30.
- the core bar 40 is connected to the guide 20 so as to extend in the axial direction of the guide 20, the setting work of the core bar 40 for placing the core bar main body 41 into the hollow portion 3a of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 and placing the small diameter portion 42 into the hollow portion 2a of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the setting work of the guide 20 for placing the guide 20 into the hollow portion 2a of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 can be performed simultaneously, which makes it possible to improve the operation efficiency of the upsetting.
- the chamfering work (the chamfered portion 21a) is given to the peripheral edge portion of the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20, the back pressure of the material of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the rawmaterial 1 effectively acts on the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 at the time of the processing. Consequently, the driving force of the guide driving apparatus 60 for moving the guide 20 can be decreased, which makes it possible to miniaturize the guide driving apparatus 60.
- the present invention does not necessarily require that the guide 20 is moved by such driving force. That is, in the present invention, the guide 20 can be moved by the pressing-back force acting on the guide 20 caused by pressing the material of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 into the molding dented portion 12. In this case, the guide 20 can be moved without using the guide driving apparatus 60, resulting in a simplified upsetting apparatus 1C.
- Fig. 15 is a schematic view showing a modified embodiment of the upsetting apparatus 1A of the first embodiment.
- a compression spring 52 is used as the extensible device 50. This spring 52 is configured to be compressed with the movement of the punch 30 at the time of the processing.
- This spring 52 can also be applied to each extensible device 50 in the upsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment.
- Fig. 16 is a schematic view showing another modification of the upsetting apparatus 1C of the third embodiment.
- a coil spring 52 is used as the extensible device 50. This spring 52 is configured to extend with the movement of the guide 20 at the time of the processing.
- Figs. 17 to 19 are schematic views for explaining an upsetting method using an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 denotes an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material according to the fourth embodiment.
- Figs. 17 to 19 the same mark is allotted to the same component as the structural element of the upsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment shown in Figs. 7 to 10 .
- the structure of the upsetting apparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment will be explained focusing on the difference with the structure of the upsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment.
- the cylindrical upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the upsetting apparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment is the same as the cylindrical upsetting manufactured product 6B shown in Fig. 11 .
- this upsetting apparatus 1D is further equipped with two heating means 80 and 80 and two cooling means 85 and 85 in addition to all of the structures of the upsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment shown in Fig. 17 .
- Each heating means 80 partially heats the portion 2x corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 in each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1.
- the heating means 80 is an induction heating means 81 having an induction heating coil 81a and a power supply portion 81b for supplying AC current (or AC voltage) to the coil 81a.
- the surface of the induction heating coil 81a is covered with an insulating layer (not shown) consisting of, e.g., an insulating tape. Furthermore, the coil 81a is embedded in the axial both end portions of the restraining die 10 in such a manner that it surrounds the corresponding molding dented portion 12.
- the restraining die 10 is made of hard conductive material (e.g., heat resistant metal material) having heat resistance, such as, e.g., steel material.
- hard conductive material e.g., heat resistant metal material
- heat resistance such as, e.g., steel material.
- this induction heating means 81 when a current (voltage) of a prescribed frequency (e.g., high frequency or low frequency) is supplied to the coil 81a by the power supply portion 81b, the axial end portion of the restraining die 10 is partially induction-heated by the coil 81a of the induction heating means 81.
- the portion 2x of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is partially heated by the heat of the axial end portion of the restraining die 10. That is, it is configured such that the heat of the axial end portion of the restraining die 10 is conducted to the portion 2x of the raw material 1 to thereby partially heat the portion 2x.
- this induction heating means 81 is configured such that the portion 2x can be partially heated into a half-molten state by increasing the current supplying amount or the like to the coil 81a to thereby raise the heating temperature of the portion 2x of the raw material 1.
- Each cooling means 85 partially cools the portion 2y of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of the guide rather than the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20.
- This cooling means 85 has a cooling fluid passage 85a.
- This cooling fluid passage 85a is formed in the basal end portion of the guide 20 as the basal end side portion rather than the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20.
- This cooling means 85 is configured to partially cool the portion 2y of the raw material 1 by circulating cooling fluid, such as, e.g., cooling water, in this cooling fluid passage 85a.
- each cooling fluid passage 88 controls the conduction of the heat generated by the coil 81a of the induction heating means 81 to the other portions of the restraining-die 10 by circulating the cooling fluid therein.
- the other structure of the upsetting apparatus 1D of this fourth embodiment is the same as the structure of the upsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment.
- the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is inserted in the restraining hole 11 of the restraining die 10. With this, each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is placed in the corresponding molding dented portion 12 of the restraining die 10. In this state, the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole 11.
- each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is inserted in the corresponding insertion hole 21 of each guide 20. With this, the external peripheral surface of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 its restrained by the peripheral surface of the insertion hole 21.
- the axial both end portions of the restraining die 10 are partially induction-heated by the coil 81a of each induction heating means 81 by supplying a current of a prescribed frequency to the coil 81a of each induction heating means 81 by the power-supply portion 81b.
- the portion 2x of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is partially heated by the heat of the axial end portion of the restraining die 10. Consequently, the deformation resistance in the portion 2x of the raw material 1 decreases partially.
- This heating temperature is not specifically limited, and can be a temperature which causes deterioration of the deformation resistance of the portion 2x of the raw material 1.
- Concrete examples of the preferable heating temperature are as follows.
- the raw material 1 is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy
- 200 to 580 °C (especially preferably 350 to 540 ° C) can be exemplified as a preferable heating temperature range.
- 580 to 625 °C (especially preferably 600 to 615 ° C) can be exemplified as a preferable heating temperature range.
- the heating temperature is not limited to the aforementioned range.
- each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of the guide 20 rather than the tip end portion of the guide is partially cooled by circulating cooling fluid, such as, e.g., cooling water of a normal temperature, in the cooling fluid passage 85a of each cooling means 85.
- cooling fluid such as, e.g., cooling water of a normal temperature
- the cooling temperature in this case, 30 to 80 °C (especially preferably 40 to 60 °C) can be exemplified. In the present invention, however, the cooling temperature is not limited to the aforementioned range.
- cooling fluid of a normal temperature is circulated in each cooling fluid passage 88 formed in the restricted die 10.
- both the processing scheduled portions 2 and 2 of the raw material 1 are simultaneously expanded outward in the molding dented portion 12 and 12 so that the wall thickness increases.
- each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is expanded with the portion 2x of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 partially heated, the portion 2x of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 partially deteriorates in deformation resistance. As a result, the molding pressure can be reduced.
- the portion 2y of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of the guide 20 rather than the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 since it is not heated, the portion does not deteriorate in deformation resistance. Therefore, the increase in the molding pressure produced when each end portion of the raw material 1 is crushed in the insertion hole 21 of the guide 20 by the pressure from the punch 30 can be prevented.
- the portion 2x of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is partially heated with the heat of the axial end portion of restraining die 10 by partially induction-heating the axial both end portions of the restraining die 10 with the induction heating means 81, the portion 2x of the raw material 1 can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
- the portion 2x of the raw material 1 can be heated into a half-molten state partially by raising the heating temperature.
- the molding pressure can be reduced substantially.
- the upsetting in this case is classified under the category of Thixomolding.
- each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is expanded in a state in which the portion 2y of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of the guide 20 rather than the tip end portion 20a of guide 20 is partially cooled by the cooling means 85. Therefore, the heating of the portion 2y of the raw material 1 can be prevented assuredly, which in turn can assuredly prevent the deterioration of the deformation resistance of the portion 2y of the raw material 1.
- a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufactured product 6B having an expanded portion 4 outwardly expanded with the increased wall thickness at each of the axial both end portions can be manufactured.
- the portion 2x of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is partially heated with the heat of the axial end portion of the res training die 10 by partially induction heating both the axial end portions of the restraining die 10 by the induction heating means 81.
- the portion 2x of the raw material 1 can be partially induction-heated by the induction heating means 81. In this case, the portion 2x of the raw material 1 can be heated assuredly and very efficiently.
- the restraining die 10 can be made of hard conductive material (e.g., heat resistant metal material) having heat resistance, such as, e.g., steel material, and also can be hard non-conductive material having heat resistance, such as, e.g., ceramics.
- hard conductive material e.g., heat resistant metal material
- heat resistance such as, e.g., steel material
- non-conductive material such as, e.g., ceramics.
- the number of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is two. In the present invention, however, the number of the processing scheduled portion 2 can be one.
- each guide 20 is moved by the driving force of the guide driving apparatus 60 at the time of the upsetting.
- each guide 20 it is not necessarily required that each guide 20 is moved by such driving force. That is, in the present invention, each guide 20 can be moved by the pressing-back force acting on the guide 20 caused by the pressing of the molding dented portion 12 of the material of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1. In this case, each guide 20 can be moved without using each guide driving apparatus 60, resulting in simplification of the upsetting apparatus 1D.
- Figs. 20 to 22 are schematic views for explaining an upsetting method using an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 denotes an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical rawmaterial according to the fifth embodiment.
- Figs. 20 to 22 the same reference mark is allotted to the same component as the structure element of the upsetting apparatus 1C of the third embodiment shown in Figs. 12 to 14 .
- the structure of the upsetting apparatus 1E of the fifth embodiment will be explained focusing on the difference with the structure of the upsetting apparatus 1C of the third embodiment and the upsetting apparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment.
- the cylindrical upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the upsetting apparatus 1E of the fifth embodiment has, as shown in Fig. 22 , an expanded portion 4 inwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases at the axial one end portion, i. e., it is the same as the cylindrical upsetting manufactured product 6C manufactured by the upsetting apparatus 1C of the third embodiment.
- this upsetting apparatus 1E is equipped with a heating means 80 and a cooling means 85 in addition to all of the structures of the upsetting apparatus 1C of the third embodiment.
- the heating means 80 partially heats the portion 2x of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the rawmaterial 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20.
- the heating means 80 is an induction heating means 81 having an induction heating coil 81a and a power-supply portion 81b for supplying AC current (or AC voltage) to the coil 81a.
- the surface of the induction heating coil 81a is covered by an insulating layer (not shown) consisting of an insulating tape, etc. Furthermore, this coil 81a is embedded in the axial one end portion of the restraining die 10 so as to surround the molding dented portion 12.
- the restraining die 10 is made of hard conductivematerial (e.g., heat resistant metal material) having heat resistance, such as, e.g., steel material, or hard non-conductive material having heat resistance, such as ceramics.
- hard conductivematerial e.g., heat resistant metal material
- heat resistance such as, e.g., steel material
- hard non-conductive material such as ceramics.
- this induction heating means 81 when a current (voltage) of a prescribed frequency (e.g., high frequency or low frequency) is supplied to the coil 81a by the power supply portion 81b, the portion 2x of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is partially heated by the coil 81a of the induction heating means 81. Furthermore, this inductionheatingmeans 81 is configured such that the portion 2x of the raw material 1 can be partially heated into a half-molten state by increasing the current supplying amount or the like to the coil 81a to thereby raise the heating temperature of the portion 2x of the raw material 1.
- a prescribed frequency e.g., high frequency or low frequency
- the cooling mean 85 partially cools the portion 2y of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of the guide rather than the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20.
- This cooling means 85 has a cooling fluid passage 85a formed in the basal end portion of the guide 20.
- This cooling means 85 is configured to partially cool the portion 2y of the raw material 1 by circulating cooling fluid, such as, e.g., cooling water, in this cooling fluid passage 85a.
- cooling fluid passage 88 denotes a cooling fluid passage formed in the restraining die 10.
- the cooling fluid passage 88 controls the conduction of the heat generated by the coil 81a of the induction heating mean 81 to the other portions of the restraining die 10 by circulating the cooling fluid therein.
- the other structure of the upsetting apparatus 1E of this fifth embodiment is the same as the structure of the upsetting apparatus 1C of the third embodiment.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 are inserted in the restraining hole 11 of the restraining die 10. With this, the external peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion 2 and the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 are restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole 11 in a buckling preventing state.
- the core bar 40 is connected to the guide 20 via the fluid pressure cylinder 51, the core bar main body 41 is inserted in the hollow portion 3a of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1, and the small diameter portion 42 of the core bar 40 is inserted in the hollow portion 2a of the processing scheduled portion 2 [Setting work of the core bar 40].
- an initial clearance X (see Fig. 12 ) between the tip end portion 20a of each guide 20 and the bottom portion 12a of the corresponding molding dented portion 12.
- the portion 2x of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is partially induction-heated by the coil 81a of the induction heating means 81 by supplying a current of a prescribed frequency to the coil 81a of the induction heating means 81 by the power-supply portion 81b. With this, the portion 2x of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is partially decreased in deformation resistance.
- the preferable heating temperature range in this case is the same as the preferable heating temperature range in the fourth embodiment.
- the portion 2y of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of the guide 20 rather than the tip end portion of the guide 20 is partially cooled by circulating cooling fluid, such as, e.g., cooling water of a normal temperature, in the cooling fluid passage 85a of each cooling means 85.
- cooling fluid such as, e.g., cooling water of a normal temperature
- the preferable cooling temperature range in this case is the same as the preferable cooling temperature range in the fourth embodiment.
- cooling fluid of a normal temperature is circulated in the cooling fluid passage 88 formed in the restricted die 10.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is expanded inward in the molding dented portion 12 and 12 so that the wall thickness increases.
- the fluid pressure cylinder 51 and the core bar 40 are detached, and the bottom portion 15 of the restraining die 10 is removed. Then, the core bar 40 is pulled out of the hollow portion 3a of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1, and the guide 20 and the punch 30 are also removed. With this, a desired cylindrical upsetting manufactured product 6C is obtained.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is expanded with the portion 2x of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 partially heated, only the portion 2x of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 partially deteriorates in deformation resistance. As a result, the molding pressure can be reduced.
- the portion 2y of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of the guide 20 rather than the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 since it is not heated, the portion does not deteriorate in deformation resistance. Therefore, the increase in the molding pressure produced when the end portion of the raw material 1 is crushed in the insertion hole 21 of the guide 20 by the pressure from the punch 30 can be prevented.
- the portion 2x of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is partially heated with the induction heating means 81, the portion 2x of the raw material 1 can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
- the portion 2x of the raw material 1 can be heated into a half-molten state partially by raising the heating temperature.
- the molding pressure can be reduced substantially.
- the upsetting in this case is classified under the category of Thixomolding.
- the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is expanded in a state in which the portion 2y of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of the guide 20 rather than the tip end portion 20a of guide 20 is partially cooled by the cooling means 85. Therefore, the heating of the portion 2y of the raw material 1 can be prevented assuredly, which in turn can assuredly prevent the deterioration of the deformation resistance of the portion 2y of the raw material 1.
- a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufactured product 6C in which an expanded portion 4 is formed at the axial end portion so that the wall thickness increases can be manufactured.
- the portion 2x of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is partially heated with the induction heating means 81.
- the axial one end portion of the restraining die 10 can be partially induction-heated by the induction heating means 81, to thereby partially heat the portion 2x of the raw material 1 with the heat of the axial one end portion of the restraining die 10.
- the portion 2x of the raw material 1 can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
- the restraining die 10 is made of hard conductive material (e.g., heat resistant metal material) such as, e.g., steel material.
- the guide 20 is moved by the driving force of the guide driving apparatus 60 at the time of the upsetting.
- the guide 20 it is not necessarily required that the guide 20 is moved by such driving force. That is, in the present invention, the guide 20 can be moved by the pressing-back force acting on the guide 20 caused by the pressing of the molding dented portion 12 of the material of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1. In this case, the guide 20 can be moved without using the guide driving apparatus 60, resulting in simplification of the upsetting apparatus 1E.
- Figs. 23 to 25 are schematic views for explaining an upsetting method using an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 denotes an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material according to the sixth embodiment.
- Figs. 23 to 25 the same mark is allotted to the same component as that of the structure element of the upsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment shown in Figs. 7 to 10 .
- the structure of upsetting apparatus 1F of this sixth embodiment will be explained focusing on the difference with the structure of the upsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment and that of the upsetting apparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment.
- the cylindrical upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the upsetting apparatus 1F of the sixth embodiment is the same as the cylindrical upsetting manufactured product 6B shown in Fig. 11 .
- this upsetting apparatus 1F is not equipped with the core bar and the extensible device as shown in Fig. 23 .
- This upsetting apparatus 1F is equipped with two heating means 80 and 80, two cooling means 85 and 85, and a pressure fluid filling means 90.
- each heating means 80 is the same in structure.
- Each heating means 80 is the same in structure as the heating means 80 of the upsetting apparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment, i.e., each heating means 80 is an induction heating means 81 having an induction heating coil 81a and a power-supply portion 81b.
- each cooling means 85 is the same in structure as the cooling means 85 of the upsetting apparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment, i.e., each cooling means 85 has a cooling fluid passage 85a.
- the pressure fluid filling means 90 fills pressure fluid (pressure medium) 95 in the hollow portions 3a, 2a and 2a of the non-processingscheduled portion 3 located at the axial intermediate portion of the cylindrical raw material 1 and the processing scheduled portion 2 and 2 located at the axial both end portions, to thereby restrain the internal peripheral surfaces of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 and both the processing scheduled portions 2 and 2 by the fluid pressure (i.e., pressure of the pressure fluid) in a buckling preventing state.
- the fluid pressure i.e., pressure of the pressure fluid
- This pressure fluid filling means 90 has a pressure fluid supplying passage 91 formed in one of the punches 30 and 30 in an axially penetrated manner, and a pressure fluid supplying portion 92 for supplying the pressure fluid 95 into the hollow portion 3a, 2a and 2a of the raw material 1 through the supplying passage 91.
- the supplying port 9a of the pressure fluid supplying passage 92 is provided at the tip end face of the punch 30 in communication with the hollow portion 2a.
- the pressure fluid supplying portion 92 has a pressure tank (not shown) in which the pressure fluid is filled as a pressure fluid supplying source.
- Gas such as, e.g., argon or air
- the pressure fluid 95 is not limited to gas, and can be liquid, such as, e.g., water or oil.
- a fitting convex portion 32 to be fitted in the opening portion of the axial end portion of the raw material 1 is formed.
- This fitting convex portion 32 prevents the deformation of the axial end of the raw material 1 by supporting the axial end portion from its inner side.
- the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is inserted in the restraining hole 11 of the restraining die 10. With this, each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is placed in the corresponding molding dented portion 12 of the restraining die 10. In this state, the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of the raw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole 11.
- each punch 30 is placed at the initial position located at the axial end portion of the raw material 1, and each fitting convex portion 32 of the tip end portion of each punch 30 is closely fitted in the opening portion of the axial end portion of the raw material 1 to support the end portion in a deformation prevention state by the convex portion 32 from its inner side. Furthermore, the opening portions of both the axial end portions of the raw material 1 are blocked by the fitting of the fitting convex portion 32 as mentioned above.
- the pressure fluid 95 is fully filled in the hollow portions 3a, 2a and 2a of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 and both the processing scheduled portion 2 and 2 by the pressure fluid filling means 90 from the pressure fluid supplying portion 92 through the pressure fluid supplying passage 91.
- the filling pressure of the pressure fluid 95 is set so as to fall within the range of 5 to 50 MPa (especially preferably 15 to 30MPa).
- the range of the filling pressure is not limited to the aforementioned range, and the filling pressure can fall within the range in which the non-processing scheduled portion 3 and both the processing scheduled portion 2 and 2 of the raw material 1 are not buckled inwardly at the time of the processing.
- the axial both end portions of the restraining die 10 is partially induction-heated by the coil 81a of each induction heating means 81 by supplying current of a prescribed frequency to the coil 81a of each induction heating means 81 by the power-supply portion 81b.
- the portion 2x of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is partially heated by the heat of the axial end portion of the restraining die 10. Consequently, the deformation resistance of the portion 2x of the raw material 1 deteriorates partially.
- the preferable heating temperature range in this case is the same as the preferable heating temperature range in the fourth embodiment.
- the portion 2y of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of the guide 20 rather than the tip end portion of the guide 20 is partially cooled by circulating cooling fluid, such as, e.g. , cooling water of a normal temperature, in the cooling fluid passage 85a of each cooling means 85.
- cooling fluid such as, e.g. , cooling water of a normal temperature
- the preferable cooling temperature range in this case is the same as the preferable cooling temperature range in the fourth embodiment.
- cooling fluid of a normal temperature is circulated in the cooling fluid passage 88 formed in the restricted die 10.
- both the processing scheduled portions 2 of the raw material 1 are simultaneously expanded outward in the molding dented portion 12 and 12 so that the wall thickness increases.
- it is preferable to adjust the fluid pressure so that the fluid pressure in the hollow portion 3a, 2a and 2a of the raw material 1 becomes constant.
- a desired cylindrical upsetting manufactured product 6B is obtained by removing the raw material 1 from the restraining hole 11 of the restraining die 10.
- each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is pressurized and retrained by the fluid pressure, and the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole 11 of the restraining die 10. Therefore, the inward and outward buckling of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 of raw material 1 is prevented, and the inward buckling of each processing scheduled portion 2 is prevented. And, each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is placed in the insertion hole 21 of the guide 20, and therefore the external peripheral surface of each processing scheduled portion 2 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the insertion hole 21.
- the hollow portion 3a, 2a and 2a of the processing scheduled portion 2 and both the processing scheduled portions 2 and 2 are filled with not a core bar but pressure fluid 25, the frictional force which acts on each processing scheduled portion 2 at the time of the processing can be reduced. This significantly reduces the molding pressure. Furthermore, there is an advantage that there is no need to remove a core bar from the hollow portion of the upsetting manufactured product 6B after completion of the processing.
- each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is expanded in a state in which the portion 2x of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is heated partially, only the portion 2x of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 partially deteriorates in deformation resistance. Therefore, the molding pressure can be reduced.
- the portion 2y of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of the guide 20 rather than the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is not heated, the deformation resistance does not deteriorate. Therefore, it is possible to prevent that each end portion of the raw material 1 is crushed and deformed by the pressure from the punch 30.
- the portion 2x of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is partially heated with the heat of the axial end portion of the restraining die 10 by partially induction heating with the induction heating means 81, the portion 2x of the raw material 1 can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
- the portion 2x of the raw material 1 can be heated into a half-molten state by raising the heating temperature.
- the molding pressure can be reduced substantially.
- the upsetting in this case is classified under the category of Thixomolding.
- each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 is expanded in a state in which the portion 2y of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of the guide 20 rather than the tip end portion 20a of guide 20 is partially cooled by the cooling means 85. Therefore, the heating of the portion 2y of the raw material 1 can be prevented assuredly, which in turn can assuredly prevent the deterioration of the deformation resistance of the portion 2y of the raw material 1.
- a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufactured product 6B having an expanded portion 4 outwardly expanded with the increased wall thickness at each of the axial both end portions can be manufactured.
- the portion 2x of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 corresponding to the tip end portion 20a of the guide 20 is partially heated by partially induction heating both the axial end portions of the restraining die 10 by the induction heating means 81.
- the portion 2x of the raw material 1 can be partially induction-heated by the induction heating means 81.
- the portion 2x of the raw material 1 can be heated assuredly and very efficiently.
- the restraining die 10 can be made of hard conductive material (e.g., heat resistant metal material) having heat resistance, such as, e.g., steel material, and also can be hard non-conductive material having heat resistance, such as, e.g., ceramics.
- the number of the processing scheduled portion 2 of the rawmaterial 1 is two.
- the number of the processing scheduled portion 2 can be one.
- each guide 20 is moved by the driving force of the guide driving apparatus 60 at the time of the upsetting.
- each guide 20 it is not necessarily required that each guide 20 is moved by such driving force. That is, in the present invention, each guide 20 can be moved by the pressing-back force acting on the guide 20 caused by the pressing of the molding dented portion 12 of the material of each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1. In this case, each guide 20 can be moved without using each guide driving apparatus 60, resulting in simplification of the upsetting apparatus 1F.
- the upsetting apparatus is not limited to an apparatus for manufacturing a preform for color members for bushes, a preform for a shank portion member for an arm for vehicles, or a cylindrical jointing member for friction stir welding, but also can be used as an apparatus for manufacturing preforms for various products.
- a processing scheduled portion of a raw material located at the axial intermediate portion of the raw material can be inwardly or outwardly expanded by the upsetting method of the present invention so that the wall thickness increases to thereby form an expanded portion at the axial central portion of the raw material.
- the processing scheduled portion of a raw material can be processed with the raw material heated to a prescribed temperature or with the raw material not heated. That is, the upsetting method according to the present invention can be a hot upsetting method or a cold upsetting method.
- the restraining die and the guide can be divided members.
- the dividing number and the dividing position of the restraining die and the guide can be variously set according to the shape of the raw material and/or the upsetting manufactured product.
- the raw material can be a cylindrical member, or an angular member for example.
- the heating means 80 is not limited to the induction heating means 81, and can be any other heating means.
- a cylindrical raw material 1 made of extruded material was prepared.
- the raw material 1 was 30 mm in internal diameter, 40 mm in external diameter, and 5 mm in wall thickness.
- Each processing scheduled portion 2 of the raw material 1 was 120 mm in length.
- the material of the raw material 1 was JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) A6061 aluminum alloy.
- Example 1 the raw material 1 was subjected to the upsetting by the same method as the upsetting method explained in the sixth embodiment using the upsetting apparatus 1F of the fourth embodiment. The molding pressure required at the time of the upsetting was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 the raw material 1 was subjected to the upsetting by the same method as the upsetting method explained in the fourth embodiment using the upsetting apparatus 1D of the sixth embodiment. The molding pressure required at the time of the upsetting was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 the raw material 1 was subjected to the upsetting using the upsetting apparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment. In Example 3, however, the entire raw material 1 was heated and was subjected to the upsetting. The molding pressure required at the time of the upsetting was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Restraining means denotes a means for restraining the internal peripheral surfaces of the non-processing scheduled portion 3 and both the processing scheduled portions 2 and 2.
- pressure fluid 95 consisting of argon gas was used.
- a core bar 40 was used as the restraining means.
- Example 1 when the pressure fluid 95 was used as a restricted means (Example 1), the molding pressure could have been reduced as compared with the case (Examples 2 and 3) where the core bar 40 was used.
- the present invention can be applied to an upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material capable of inwardly or outwardly expanding the processing scheduled portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material so that the wall thickness increases, and an upsetting apparatus for a hollow cylindrical raw material.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material and an upsetting apparatus for a hollow cylindrical raw material for outwardly or inwardly expanding a prescribed portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material by increasing the wall thickness thereof.
- In general, upsetting is executed to expand a diameter of a processing scheduled portion of a bar-shaped material by pressurizing the bar-shaped raw material in an axial direction thereof. In this upsetting, if a material buckles at the time of the working, the obtained product (upsetting manufactured product) becomes poor in shape (e.g., wrinkles, scratches, etc.), which causes degradation in value as a product. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of such buckling, the following upsetting method is conventionally known.
- That is, in this method, a raw material is secured to a securing die, and the processing scheduled portion of the raw material is inserted into an insertion hole formed in a guide to be held in a buckling prevention state. Subsequently, a guide is moved in a direction opposite to a punch moving direction while pressurizing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material in the axial direction with a punch, to thereby radially expand the processing scheduled of the raw material exposed between the tip end portion of the guide and the securing die (see
Patent Documents 1 and 2). - The aforementioned conventional upsetting method has been applied at the time of expanding the diameter of the processing scheduled portion of the solid raw material.
- Patent Document 1 : Japanese Unexamined Laid-open Patent Publication No.
S48-62646 - Patent document 2 : Japanese Unexamined Laid-open Patent Publication No.
H09-253782 - In cases where only an axial part of a hollow cylindrical raw material of a cylindrical shape, such as, e.g., a pipe shape, is to be expanded inwardly or outwardly so as to increase the wall thickness by the conventional upsetting method, in other words, in cases where wall thickness increasing processing of a cylindrical raw member is executed, there were the following problems.
- That is, since the hollow cylindrical raw material has a hollow portion therein, at the time of the upsetting, a part of the raw material tends to bend (buckles) inwardly or outwardly, causing a defective shape.
- The present invention was made in view of the aforementioned technical background, and aims to provide an upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material capable of assuredly expanding a processing scheduled portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material inwardly or outwardly so as to increase the wall thickness of the processing scheduled portion
and an upsetting apparatus for a hollow cylindrical raw material suitably used for the upsetting method. - The present invention provides an upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material as defined in
independent claims independent claims 37, 50, 63, 97 and 106. Further aspects of the invention are defined in the dependent claims. - The present invention has the following effects.
- According to the invention as defined in
claim 1, at the time of pressurizing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the punch, the internal peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material are restrained by the peripheral surface of the core bar and the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole of the restraining die. Therefore, the inward and outward buckling of the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material is prevented and the inward buckling of the processing scheduled portion is prevented. And, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material is disposed in the insertion hole of the guide and therefore the external peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion is restrained by the peripheral surface of the insertion hole. This prevents the outward buckling of the processing scheduled portion. In this state, by moving the guide in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the punch while pressurizing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the punch in the axial direction, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material exposed between the tip end portion of the guide and the bottom portion of the molding dented portion can be outwardly expanded assuredly and preferably so that the wall thickness increases within the molding dented portion. Consequently, a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufactured product can be obtained. - According to the invention as recited in
claim 2, the guide can be moved assuredly. - According to the invention as recited in
claim 3, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly formed into a designed shape. - According to the invention as recited in
claim 4, the guide can be moved without using a guide driving apparatus, resulting in simplification of the upsetting apparatus. - According to the invention as recited in
claim 5, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly pressurized with the punch. - According to the invention as recited in claim 6, the setting work for disposing the core bar in the hollow portions of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material and the setting work for disposing the punch at the axial end portion side of the raw material to pressurize the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the punch can be performed simultaneously, which can improve the upsetting operation efficiency.
- Furthermore, after completion of the processing, the pulling out work of the core bar for pulling out the core bar from the hollow portions of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material and the removal work of the punch for removing the punch from the position of the axial end portion of the raw material can be done simultaneously, which can further improve the upsetting operation efficiency.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 7, the defect that the position of the core bar shifts in accordance with the movement of the punch or the expansion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be prevented assuredly.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 8, only the deformation resistance of the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide decreases partially. Therefore, the molding pressure can be reduced.
- On the other hand, since the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide rather than the tip end portion of the guide does not decrease in deformation resistance, an increase in molding pressure produced when the end portion of the raw material is crushed in the insertion hole of the guide by the pressure from the punch can be prevented.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 9, the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and very efficiently.
- According to the invention as recited in
claim 10, the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and efficiently. - According to the invention as recited in
claim 11, the molding pressure can be reduced substantially. - According to the invention as recited in
claim 12, it is possible to assuredly control that the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide rather than the tip end portion of the guide is heated, which assuredly can prevent deterioration of the deformation resistance of the portion of the raw material. - According to the invention as recited in claim 13, a cylindrical upsetting manufactured product in which outwardly expanded portions are formed at axial both end portions so that the wall thickness increases can be manufactured efficiently.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 14, each guide can be moved assuredly.
- According to the invention as recited in
claim 15, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly formed into a designed shape. - According to the invention as recited in claim 16, each guide can be moved without using a guide driving apparatus, resulting in simplification of the upsetting apparatus.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 17, each processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly pressurized with the punch.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 18, the setting work of the core bar halves for disposing each core bar half in the hollow portions of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material and the setting work of the punch for disposing each punch at both the axial end portion sides of the raw material to pressurize the corresponding processing scheduled portion of the raw material with each punch can be performed simultaneously, resulting in enhanced upsetting operation efficiency.
- Furthermore, after completion of the processing, the pull out work of the core bar half for pulling out each core bar half from the hollow portions of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material and the removal work of the punch for removing each punch from the position of the axial end portion of the raw material can be performed simultaneously, which can further improve the upsetting operation efficiency.
- Furthermore, since the core bar is halved in length by being divided at the axial intermediate portion, the insertion time of the core bar into the prescribed hollow portion can be shortened, which can further improve the upsetting operation efficiency.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 19, the defect that the position of the core bar half shifts in accordance with the movement of the punch or the expansion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be prevented assuredly.
- According to the invention as recited in
claim 20, the molding pressure can be reduced for the same reasons as in the invention as recited in the aforementioned Item [8]. - According to the invention as recited in
claim 21, the portion of each processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and very efficiently. - According to the invention as recited in claim 22, the portion of each processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide in can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 23, the molding pressure can be reduced substantially.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 24, it is possible to assuredly control that the portion of each processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide rather than the tip end portion of the guide is heated, which can assuredly prevent deterioration of the deformation resistance of each portion of the raw material.
- According to the invention as recited in
claim 25, at the time of pressuring the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the punch, the internal peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material is restrained by the peripheral surface of the core bar main body, and the external peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion are restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole of the restraining die. Therefore, the inward or outward buckling of the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be prevented, and the outward buckling of the processing scheduled portion is prevented. Furthermore, the guide is disposed in the hollow portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material to thereby restrain the internal peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion by the peripheral surface of the guide. With this, the inward buckling of the processing scheduled portion is prevented. With this state, by moving the guide in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the punch while pressurizing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the punch in the axial direction, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material exposed between the tip end portion of the guide and the bottom portion of the molding dented portion can be assuredly and preferably expanded inwardly in the molding dented portion so that the wall thickness increases. Consequently, a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufactured product can be obtained. - According to the invention as recited in claim 26, the guide can be moved assuredly.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 27, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly formed in a designed shape.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 28, the guide can be moved without using a guide driving apparatus, resulting in simplification of upsetting apparatus.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 29, the predetermined portion of the raw material can be assuredly pressurized with the punch.
- According to the invention as recited in
claim 30, the setting work of the core bar for disposing the core bar main body and the small diameter portion in the hollow portion of the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material and the hollow portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material, respectively, and the setting work of the guide for disposing the guide in the hollow portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be performed simultaneously, which can improve the upsetting operation efficiency. - According to the invention as recited in
claim 31, the defect that the position of the core bar shifts in accordance with the movement of the guide or the expansion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be prevented assuredly. - According to the invention as recited in
claim 32, the molding pressure can be reduced for the same reasons as in the invention as recited in the aforementioned Item [8]. - According to the invention as recited in claim 33, the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and very efficiently.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 34, the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
- According to the invention as recited in
claim 35, the molding pressure can be reduced substantially. - According to the invention as recited in claim 36, it is possible to assuredly control that the portion of each processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide rather than the tip end portion of the guide is heated, which can assuredly prevent deterioration of the deformation resistance of each portion of the raw material.
- According to the invention as recited in claims 37 to 49, an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material which can be suitably used for any one of the upsetting methods for a cylindrical raw material according to
claims 1 to 12 can be provided. - According to the invention as recited in
claims 50 to 62, an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material which can be suitably used for any one of the upsetting methods for a cylindrical raw material according to claims 13 to 24 can be provided. - According to the invention as recited in claims 63 to 76, an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material which can be suitably used for any one of the upsetting methods for a cylindrical raw material according to
claims 25 to 36 can be provided. - According to the invention as recited in claim 77, at the time of pressurizing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the punch, the internal peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion and the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material are restrained by the fluid pressure and the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraining hole of the restraining die. Therefore, the inward and outward buckling of the non-processing scheduled portion of the raw material is prevented, and the inward buckling of the processing scheduled portion is prevented. And, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material is disposed in the insertion hole of the guide and therefore the external peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion is restrained by the peripheral surface of the insertion hole. This prevents the outward buckling of the processing scheduled portion. In this state, by moving the guide in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the punch while pressurizing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the punch in the axial direction, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material exposed between the tip end portion of the guide and the bottom portion of the molding dented portion can be outwardly expanded assuredly and preferably so that the wall thickness increases within the molding dented portion. Consequently, a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufactured product can be obtained.
- Furthermore, since the hollow portions of the non-processing scheduled portion and the processing scheduled portion of the raw material are filled not with a core bar but with pressure fluid, the frictional force acting on the processing scheduled portion of the raw material at the time of the processing can be reduced. Therefore, the molding pressure can be reduced substantially. Furthermore, there is an advantage that it is not required to pull out the core bar from the hollow portion of the upsetting manufactured product after completion of the processing.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 78, the guide can be moved assuredly.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 79, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly formed in a designed shape.
- According to the invention as recited in
claim 80, the guide can be moved without using a guide driving apparatus, resulting in simplification of upsetting apparatus. - According to the invention as recited in
claim 81, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly pressurized with the punch. - According to the invention as recited in claim 82, only the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide partially decreases in deformation resistance. Therefore, the molding pressure can be further reduced.
- On the other hand, since the portion of the processing scheduled portions of the raw material corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide rather than the tip end portion of the guide is not heated, the portion does not deteriorate in deformation resistance. Therefore, the defect that the end portion of the raw material is crushed by the pressure from the punch into a defective shape can be prevented.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 83, the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and very efficiently.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 84, the portion of the processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
- According to the invention as recited in
claim 85, the molding pressure can be reduced substantially. - According to the invention as recited in claim 86, it is possible to assuredly control that the portion of each processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide rather than the tip end portion of the guide is heated, which can assuredly prevent deterioration of the deformation resistance of each portion of the raw material.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 87, a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufactured product in which outwardly expanded portions are formed at both the axial end portions so that the wall thickness increases can be provided.
- According to the invention as recited in
claim 88, each guide can be moved assuredly. - According to the invention as recited in claim 89, the processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly formed into a designed shape.
- According to the invention as recited in
claim 90, the guide can be moved without using a guide driving apparatus, resulting in simplification of upsetting apparatus. - According to the invention as recited in
claim 91, each processing scheduled portion of the raw material can be assuredly pressurized with the punch. - According to the invention as recited in
claim 92, for the same reasons as in the invention of claim 82, the molding pressure can be further reduced, and the defect that each end portion of the raw material is crushed by the pressure from the punch into a defective shape can be prevented. - According to the invention as recited in claim 93, the portion of each processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and very efficiently.
- According to the invention as recited in claim 94, the portion each processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide can be heated assuredly and efficiently.
- According to the invention as recited in
claim 95, the molding pressure can be reduced substantially. - According to the invention as recited in claim 96, it is possible to assuredly control that the portion of each processing scheduled portion of the raw material corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide rather than the tip end portion of the guide is heated, which can assuredly prevent deterioration of the deformation resistance of each portion of the raw material.
- According to the invention as recited in claims 97 to 105, an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material which can be suitably used for any one of the upsetting methods for a cylindrical raw material according to claims 77 to 86 can be provided.
- According to the invention as recited in claims 106 to 114, an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material which can be suitably used for any one of the upsetting methods for a cylindrical raw material according to claims 87 to 96 can be provided.
-
-
Fig. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional perspective view showing a principal portion of an upsetting apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. -
Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state in which a core bar and a punch are being set to prescribed positions. -
Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state before processing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state in which the processing scheduled portion of the raw material is being processed with the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state after processing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the upsetting manufactured product obtained by the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional perspective view of the principal portion of the upsetting apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. -
Fig. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state before processing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material by the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state in which the processing scheduled portion of the raw material is being processed with the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state after processing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the upsetting manufactured product obtained by the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state before processing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the upsetting apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention. -
Fig. 13 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state in which the processing scheduled portion of the raw material is being processed with the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 14 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state after processing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 15 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing a modification of the first embodiment of the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 16 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an upsetting apparatus showing another modification of the upsetting apparatus of the third embodiment. -
Fig. 17 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state before processing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the upsetting apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. -
Fig. 18 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state in which the processing scheduled portion of the raw material is being processed with the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 19 is a vertical cross-sectional view of this upsetting apparatus showing the state after processing the working predetermined portion of the raw material with the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 20 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state before processing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the upsetting apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. -
Fig. 21 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state in which the processing scheduled portion of the raw material is being processed with the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 22 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state after processing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 23 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state before processing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with he upsetting apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. -
Fig. 24 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state in which the processing scheduled portion of the raw material is being processed with the upsetting apparatus. -
Fig. 25 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the upsetting apparatus showing the state after processing the processing scheduled portion of the raw material with the upsetting apparatus. -
- 1A, 1B, 1C...Upsetting apparatus
- 1...Raw material
- 2...Processing scheduled portion
2a...Hollow portion - 3...Non-processing scheduled portion
3a...Hollow portion - 4...Expanded portion
- 5...Shank portion
- 6A, 6B, 6C...Upsetting manufactured product
- 10...Restraining die
- 11...Restraining hole
- 12...Molding dented portion
12a...Bottom portion - 20...Guide
20a...Tip end portion - 21...Insertion hole
21a...Chamfered portion - 25...Moving direction of guide
- 30...Punch
- 35...Moving direction of punch
- 40...Core bar
- 40a...Core bar half
- 41...Core bar main body
- 42...Small diameter portion
- 50...Extensible device
- 51...Fluid pressure cylinder
- 52...Spring
- 60...Guide driving apparatus
- 70...Punch driving apparatus
- 80...Heating means
- 81...Induction heating means
81a...Induction heating coil - 85...Cooling means
85a...Cooling fluid passage - 90...Pressure fluid filling means
91...Pressure fluid supplying passage
92...Pressure fluid supplying portion
95...Pressure fluid - Next, some embodiments of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings.
-
Figs. 1 to 6 are schematic views for explaining an upsetting method using an upsetting apparatus of a cylindrical raw material according to a first embodiment of the present invention. - In
Fig. 1 , "1A" denotes an upsetting apparatus according to the first embodiment, and "1" denotes a cylindrical raw material. Furthermore, inFig. 6 , "6A" denotes a cylindrical upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the upsettingapparatus 1A. This upsettingmanufactured product 6A is used as, for example, a preform for manufacturing a part of a cylindrical color component to be mounted at the central portion of a bush (e.g., vibration reduction bush) for vehicles, such as, e.g., automobiles or railroad vehicles, a preform for manufacturing a part of a shank member of an arm for vehicles, or a preform for manufacturing a component in which a screw hole is to be formed at the end portion of a cylindrical shank portion. In addition, "5" denotes a shank portion of the upsetting manufacturedproduct 6A constituted by the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1, and "4" denotes an expanded portion formed at the end portion of theshank portion 5. This expandedportion 4 is expanded in the wall thickness outwardly of the raw material 1 (i.e., in the radially outward direction of the raw material 1). - As shown in
Figs. 1 and2 , theraw material 1 is a straight cylindrical member, in detail, a straight round pipe made of, e.g., aluminum (including its alloy, hereinafter simply referred to as "aluminum") . Theraw material 1 is round in cross-section, and the internal diameter, the external diameter, and the wall thickness of theraw material 1 are constant in the axial direction, respectively. Moreover, theraw material 1 is made of, e. g. , an extruded material. - In the meantime, in the present invention, the material of the
raw material 1 is not limited to aluminum, but can be metal, such as, e.g., brass, copper, or stainless steel, or plastic. - The processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is located at one end portion of the axial end portions of theraw material 1, or at one axial end portion of theraw material 1. In other words, the axial one end portion of theraw material 1 corresponds to the processing scheduledportion 2. On the other hand, the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of thisraw material 1 is located at the axial other end portion of theraw material 1. In other words, the axial other end portion of theraw material 1 corresponds to the non-processing scheduledportion 3. By processing the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 to increase the wall thickness into a designed shape, as shown inFig. 5 , an outwardly expandedportion 4 increased in wall thickness is formed at one end portion of the raw material 1 (the shank portion 5). - The upsetting
apparatus 1A is configured to expand the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 so as to increase the wall thickness thereof. This upsettingapparatus 1A is equipped with acore bar 40, a restrainingdie 10, a molding dentedportion 12, aguide 20, apunch 30, aguide driving apparatus 60, and apunch driving apparatus 70. - The
core bar 40 is a straight bar-shaped member circular in cross-section to be inserted into thehollow portions portion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 to thereby restrain the internal peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduledportion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 with the peripheral surface of thecore bar 40 in a buckling preventing state. Thecore bar 40 is set to be constant in diameter in the axial direction. - The restraining die 10 has a restraining
hole 11 round in cross-section extended in the axial direction. This restraininghole 11 is configured to hold the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 inserted therein to restrain the external peripheral surface of this non-processing scheduledportion 3 with the peripheral surface of the restraininghole 11 in the buckling preventing state. - "15" denotes a bottom portion of the restraining die 10. This
bottom portion 15 closes the bottom of the restraining die so that the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 disposed in the restraininghole 11 is unexpectedly extruded through the opening of the bottom of the restraininghole 11. - The restraining die 10 is longitudinally divided into a plurality of pieces (e.g., two pieces). That is, it is a split mold.
- The molding dented
portion 12 is, as shown inFig. 2 , formed at the axial one end portion of the restraining die 10 continuously from the restraininghole 11. That is, this molding dentedportion 12 is formed by forming an annular dented portion in the peripheral surface of the axial one end portion of the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10. - The
guide 20 has aninsertion hole 21 round in cross-section extended in the axial direction. Thisinsertion hole 21 is configured to hold the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 inserted therein so as to allow the axial movement in a buckling preventing state. Thisinsertion hole 21 penetrates theguide 20 in the axial direction thereof. - The
guide 20 is movable in adirection 25 opposite to the movingdirection 35 of the punch (seeFig. 4 ). - Moreover, the opening edge portion of the
insertion hole 21 of thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is chamfered, and therefore the edge portion is formed into a round cross-sectional shape. "21a" denotes a chamfered portion formed at the edge portion. - The
punch 30 is for axially pressurizing the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1. The tip end portion of thispunch 30 is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the axial end portion (i.e., processing scheduled portion 2) of theraw material 1, i.e., the tip end portion of thepunch 30 is cylindrical in cross-section. - Furthermore, a hollow portion extended in the axial direction is formed in the
punch 30, and anextensible device 50 extensible in the axial direction is disposed in this hollow portion. And, as shown inFig. 2 , thecore bar 40 is connected to thepunch 30 via theextensible device 50 so as to extend in the axial direction of thepunch 30. - In this embodiment, the
extensible device 50 is afluid pressure cylinder 51 operated by fluid pressure, such as, e.g., hydraulic pressure or gas pressure. At the tip end portion of theextensible rod 51a of thisfluid pressure cylinder 51, thecore bar 40 is fixed. - The
punch driving apparatus 70 is for moving thepunch 30 in the axial direction of theraw material 1 to give a pressure for pressurizing the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 to thepunch 30. Thispunch driving apparatus 70 is connected to thepunch 30 to give driving force to thepunch 30 by fluid pressure (hydraulic pressure, gas pressure, etc.) Thispunch driving apparatus 70 does not require a speed controller since it is possible to make the speed of a punch constant when the target shape (designed shape) is determined. However, by employing a pressurizing speed controller, it becomes possible to arbitrarily control the upset shape (shape of expanded portion). - The
guide driving apparatus 60 is for moving theguide 20 in a direction opposite 25 to the moving direction 35 (i.e., the pressure direction to the raw material processing scheduled 2 with the punch 30) (seeFig. 4 ). Thisguide driving apparatus 60 is connected to theguide 20 to give driving force to theguide 20 with, e.g., fluid pressure (hydraulic pressure, gas pressure), an electric motor, a spring. Thisguide driving apparatus 60 does not require a speed controller since it is possible to make the speed of the guide constant when the target shape (designed shape) is determined. However, by employing a speed controller, it becomes possible to control the upset shape (shape of expanded portion). - Next, an upsetting method using the aforementioned upsetting
apparatus 1A of the first embodiment will be explained below. - First, as shown in
Fig. 2 , the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 is inserted in the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10. With this, the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is placed in the molding dentedportion 12 of the restraining die 10. In this state, the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraininghole 11. - Subsequently, in a state in which the
core bar 40 is connected to thepunch 30 via thefluid pressure cylinder 51 as theextensible device 50, thecore bar 40 is inserted into thehollow portions portion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of the raw material 1 [Setting work of the core bar 40]. Through this operation, as shown inFigs. 1 and3 , thepunch 30 is placed at the initial position located at the axial end portion side of the raw material 1 [Setting work of the punch 30]. In this state, the internal peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduledportion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 are restrained by the peripheral surface of thecore bar 40. - Furthermore, the processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is inserted in theinsertion hole 21 of theguide 20. With this, the external peripheral surface of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of theinsertion hole 21 of theguide 20. - Furthermore, as shown in
Fig. 3 , an initial clearance X is set between thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12. In the state before initiating the movement of the punch 30 (i.e., pressurization to the raw material processing scheduledportion 2 with the punch 30), the distance of this initial clearance X is set to be not larger than the buckling limit length X0 (preferably, less than the buckling limit length X0) at the cross-sectional area of the exposed portion of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 exposed between thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12. In the present invention, the buckling limit length denotes a buckling limit length at the punch pressurizing force. - Subsequently, as shown in
Fig. 4 , while axially pressurizing the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 with thepunch 30 by moving the punch by operating thepunch driving apparatus 70, theguide 20 is moved in adirection 25 opposite to the movingdirection 35 of thepunch 30 by operating theguide driving apparatus 60. With this, the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 exposed between thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 is outwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases within the molding dentedportion 12. Furthermore, therod 51a of thefluid pressure cylinder 51 is retracted in accordance with the movement of thepunch 30 to prevent the axial displacement of thecore bar 40. - Here, it is preferable to set a time lag to between the moving initiation of the
punch 30 and the moving initiation of theguide 20. That is, in the case of initiating the pressurization of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 with thepunch 30, the position of theguide 20 is fixed to the initial position, and then the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is axially pressurized with thepunch 30 by moving thepunch 30. After the lapse of the time lag t0, while continuously pressurizing the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 with thepunch 30, theguide 20 is moved in adirection 25 opposite to the movingdirection 35 of thepunch 30. At this time, the traveling speed of theguide 20 is controlled by the controller of theguide driving apparatus 60 so as not to exceed the buckling limit length at the cross-sectional area of the exposed portion of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 exposed between thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12. Moreover, when the processing conditions are determined, a cylinder or a machine cam of a designed constant speed can be used. - With the movements of the
punch 30 and theguide 20, the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is gradually outwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases within the molding dentedportion 12, and the material of the processing scheduledportion 2 is gradually filled in the molding dentedportion 12 under pressure. - As shown in
Fig. 5 , when the tip end portion of thepunch 30 has reached the stop position Xp corresponding to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 obtained from the design volume of the expandedportion 4, the movement of thepunch 30 is terminated. When thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 has reached the stop position Xg corresponding to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 defined by thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20, the movement of theguide 20 is terminated. At this time, the material of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 has been completely filled in the molding dentedportion 12, and the processing scheduledportion 2 has been expanded into the designed shape. - Through the aforementioned procedures, the wall thickening processing for the processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is completed. - Next, in order to pull the
core bar 40 out of thehollow portions portion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1, thepunch 30 is moved in the axially outward direction of theraw material 1 from the position of the axial end portion of theraw material 1. Thus, thepunch 30 is removed from the position of the axial end portion of theraw material 1, and thecore bar 40 is pulled out [Pulling out work of thecore bar 40 and removal work of the punch 30]. Then, the upsetting manufacturedproduct 6A is pulled out of the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10. - In the first embodiment, the stop position Xp of the tip end portion of the
punch 30 with respect to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 and the stop position Xg of thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 with respect to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 coincide with each other. However, in the present invention, it is not always required that Xp and Xg coincide with each other. - Thus, in the aforementionedupsettingmethod of the first embodiment, in pressurizing the processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 with thepunch 30, the internal peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduledportion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 are restrained by the peripheral surface of thecore bar 40, and the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10. Therefore, inward and outward buckling of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 is prevented, and the inward buckling of the processing scheduledportion 2 is prevented. Furthermore, the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is placed in theinsertion hole 21 of theguide 20, so that the external peripheral surface of the processing scheduledportion 2 is restrained by the peripheral surface of theinsertion hole 21. With this, the outward buckling of the processing scheduledportion 2 is prevented. In this state, by moving theguide 20 in adirection 25 opposite to the movingdirection 35 of thepunch 30 while axially pressurizing the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 with thepunch 30, the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 exposed between thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 is outwardly expanded assuredly and favorably so that the wall thickness is increased within the molding dentedportion 12. Consequently, a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufacturedproduct 6A can be obtained. - As mentioned above, this upsetting manufactured
product 6A is used as, e.g., a preform for manufacturing a part of a color member for bushes, a preform for manufacturing a part of a shank member of an arm for vehicles, or a preform for manufacturing a member in which a screw hole is formed at an end portion of a cylindrical shank portion. Furthermore, this upsetting manufacturedproduct 6A is used as a member in which another member is to be integrally secured to an end portion of a cylindrical shank portion by a friction stir welding, i.e., a joint member for a friction stir welding. Concretely, it can be used as a preform for manufacturing the aforementioned shank portion of an arm for vehicles. - In order to obtain a cylindrical upsetting manufactured product in which an expanded
portion 4 is outwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases at prescribed portion, conventionally, the processing was usually performed by a hydroform method or a hot bulge method, which required an expensive and large-scale facility. Moreover, the hydroform method and the hot bulge method were mainly used as a processing method for obtaining a large product. As processing for obtaining a small product, machining, such as, e.g., cutting, was conventionally used. According to the upsetting method of the aforementioned embodiment, since no large molding pressure is not required at the time of the processing, the processing apparatus can be simplified. Furthermore, it also becomes possible to remarkably improve the tact time as compared with a conventional method in cases where thepunch 30 and theguide 20 are combined with a high-speed hydraulic cylinder or a machine cam into a die set and this die set is installed in a mechanical press machine. Furthermore, the yield can be significantly improved as compared with machining, which in turn can attain a large cost cut effect. - Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the
guide 20 is moved by the driving force of theguide driving apparatus 60, theguide 20 can be moved assuredly. - Furthermore, since the tip end portion of the
punch 30 is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the axial end portion of theraw material 1, the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 can be assuredly pressurized with thepunch 30. - Furthermore, since the
core bar 40 is connected to thepunch 30 so as to extend in the axial direction of thepunch 30, the setting work of thecore bar 40 for placing thecore bar 40 into thehollow portions portion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1, and the setting work of thepunch 30 for placing thepunch 30 to the axial end portion side of theraw material 1 in order to pressurize the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 with thepunch 30, can be performed simultaneously, resulting in an improved operation efficiency of the upsetting. - Furthermore, after completion of the processing, a pull-out work of the
core bar 40 for pulling out thecore bar 40 from thehollow portion portion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 and the removal work of thepunch 30 for removing thepunch 30 from the position of the axial end portion of theraw material 1, can be performed simultaneously, resulting in further improved operation efficiency of the upsetting. - Furthermore, since the
core bar 40 is connected to thepunch 30 via theextensible device 50 which can be extended and contracted in the axial direction and theextensible device 50 is contracted with the movement of thepunch 30, a problem that the position of thecore bar 40 shifts in accordance with the movement of thepunch 30 or the expansion of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 can be prevented assuredly. - Furthermore, since the
fluid pressure cylinder 51 is used as theextensible device 50, such fault can be prevented assuredly. - Furthermore, since the chamfering work (the chamfered
portion 21a) is given to the insertion hole opening edge portion of thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20, the back pressure of the material of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 effectively acts on thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 at the time of the processing. Consequently, the driving force of theguide driving apparatus 60 for moving theguide 20 can be decreased, which makes it possible to miniaturize theguide driving apparatus 60. - Next, preferable processing conditions for the upsetting method of this embodiment will be explained below.
- Hereinafter,
"P" denotes an average moving speed of thepunch 30 from the moving initiation thereof,
"G" denotes an average moving speed of theguide 20 from the moving initiation thereof,
"X0" denotes a buckling limit length at the cross-sectional area of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 before the upsetting,
"X" denotes an initial clearance between thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the molding dented portion 12 (0≦x≦x0),
"L0" denotes the length of theraw material 1 before the upsetting required for the expandedportion 4,
"Xp" denotes the stop position of the tip end portion of thepunch 30 with respect to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 obtained from the design volume of the expandedportion 4,
"Xg" denotes the stop position of thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 with respect to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 defined by the design, and
"t0" denotes the time lag from the moving initiation of thepunch 30 to the moving initiation of the guide 20 (0≦t0). - In this upsetting method, it is preferable that "G" satisfies the following expression (i).
-
- When G satisfies the aforementioned equation (i), the processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 can be assuredly formed into the designed shape. - The reasons for setting aforementioned equation (i) about G will be explained below.
- If "t" denotes a time (i.e., upsetting time) from the moving initiation of the
punch 30 to the upsetting completion, the distance between the tip end portions ofpunch 30 and thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 at the time t of the upsetting completion, i.e., the position Xp of the tip end portion ofpunch 30 with respect to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12, can be given by the following equation (i-a). -
- And, the distance between the
tip end portion 20a of theguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 at the time t of the upsetting completion, i.e., the position Xp of thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 with respect to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 is given by the following equation (i-c). -
- The equation (i) can be derived by substituting the equation (i-b) for the equation (i-c), and arranging about G.
- Here, in the first embodiment, at the time of the upsetting, the
guide 20 is moved by the driving force of theguide driving apparatus 60. However, in the present invention, it is not required that theguide 20 is moved by such driving force. That is, in the present invention, theguide 20 can be moved by the pressing-back force acting on theguide 20 by pressing the material of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 into the molding dentedportion 12. In this case, theguide 20 can be moved without using theguide driving apparatus 60, which in turn can simplify thesetting apparatus 1A. -
Figs. 7 to 11 are schematic views for explaining an upsetting method using an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material according to a second embodiment of the present invention. - In
Fig. 7 , "1B" denotes an upsetting apparatus according to the second embodiment, and "1" denotes a cylindrical raw material. InFig. 11 , "6B" denotes a cylindrical upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the upsettingapparatus 1B. This upsettingmanufactured product 1B can be used as, e.g., a preform for manufacturing a cylindrical color member to be mounted in the center portion of a bush for automobiles, a preform for manufacturing a shank member of an arm for vehicles, or a preform for manufacturing a member in which a screw hole is formed at both end portions of a cylindrical shank portion. Furthermore, this upsetting manufactured product can be used as a member in which another member is to be integrally secured to an end portion of a cylindrical shank portion by a friction stir welding, i.e., a joint member for a friction stir welding. In other words, this upsettingapparatus 1B can be, for example, an manufacturing apparatus of a preform for bush color members, a manufacturing apparatus of a preform for a shank portion member for vehicle arms, or a manufacturing apparatus of a joining member for friction stir welding. In addition, "5" denotes a shank portion of the upsetting manufacturedproduct 6B made of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1, "4" denotes an expanded portion formed at each of both end portions of theshank portion 5. Each of the expandedportion 4 is expanded so that the wall thickness of theraw material 1 increases outwardly. - The structure of the
upsetting apparatus 1B of this second embodiment will be explained below focusing on the differences with that of thefirst embodiment 1A. - As shown in
Figs. 7 and8 , thisrawmaterial 1 is a straight cylindrical member, in detail, a straight round pipe, like the raw material of the first embodiment. - In this
raw material 1, the axial intermediate portion of theraw material 1 corresponds to the non-processing scheduledportion 3, and the axial both side portions of theraw material 1, i.e., the axial both end portions of theraw material 1, correspond to the processing scheduledportions portion raw material 1 into a designed shape, expandedportions - The upsetting
apparatus 1B is for outwardly expanding the processing scheduledportion raw material 1 so that the wall thickness increases. This upsettingapparatus 1B is equipped with acore bar 40, a restrainingdie 10, two molding dentedportion guides punches guide driving apparatuses punch driving apparatuses - The
core bar 40 is a straight bar-shaped member round in cross-section, and is inserted in thehollow portions portions portion 3 of theraw material 1 to restrain the internal peripheral surfaces of both the processing scheduledportion portion 3 in a buckling preventing state by the peripheral surface of thecore bar 40. Thecore bar 40 is set to be constant in diameter in the axial direction. - Furthermore, this
core bar 40 is evenly divided into two pieces at the axial intermediate portion, i.e. , it is constituted by two pieces ofcore bar halves core bar halves - The restraining die 10 has a restraining
hole 11 extended in the axial direction thereof. The non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 is inserted into the restraininghole 11, and the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraininghole 11 in a buckling preventing state. This restraininghole 11 is formed in the restraining die 10 in the axial penetrated manner. - Each molding dented
portion 12 is formed at the axial both side portions (in detail, both end portions) of the restraining die 10 continuously from the corresponding restraininghole 11. - Each
guide 20 has aninsertion hole 21 extended in the axial direction of the guide. The corresponding processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is inserted in each of thisinsertion hole 21 so that the corresponding processing scheduledportion 2 is movably held in theinsertion hole 21 in a buckling preventing state. Eachinsertion hole 21 penetrates theguide 20 in the axial direction thereof. - Each
guide 20 is movable in adirection 25 opposite to the movingdirection 35 of the punch. - Moreover, the opening edge portion of the
insertion hole 21 of thetip end portion 20a of eachguide 20 is chamfered, and therefore the edge portion is formed into a round cross-sectional shape. "21a" denotes a chamfered portion formed at the edge portion. - Each
punch 30 is for axially pressurizing the corresponding processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1. - Furthermore, a hollow portion extended in the axial direction is formed in each
punch 30, and anextensible device 50 extensible in the axial direction is disposed in this hollow portion. And, the correspondingcore bar half 40a is connected to each punch 30 via theextensible device 50 so as to extend in the axial direction of thepunch 30. - The
extensible device 50 is afluid pressure cylinder 51. At the tip end portion of theextensible rod 51a of thisfluid pressure cylinder 51, thecore bar half 40a is fixed. - Each
punch driving apparatus 70 is for moving eachpunch 30 in the axial direction of theraw material 1 to give a pressure for pressurizing the corresponding processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 to thepunch 30. Eachpunch driving apparatus 70 is connected to the correspondingpunch 30. - Each
guide driving apparatus 60 is for moving eachguide 20 in a direction opposite 25 to the corresponding movingdirection 35. Eachguide driving apparatus 60 is connected to thecorresponding guide 20. - Next, an upsetting method using the aforementioned upsetting
apparatus 1B of the second embodiment will be explained below. - First, as shown in
Figs. 7 and8 , the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 is inserted in the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10. With this, each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is placed in the molding dentedportion 12 of the restraining die 10. In this state, the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraininghole 11. - Subsequently, in a state in which the
core bar half 40a is connected to each punch 30 via thefluid pressure cylinder 51 as theextensible device 50, one of thecore bar halves 40a is inserted into thehollow portions portions 2 of theraw material 1 and one of the non-processing scheduledportions 3 of theraw material 1, and the other of thecore bar halves 40a is inserted into thehollow portions portions 2 of theraw material 1 and the other of the non-processing scheduledportions 3 of the raw material 1 [Setting work of the core bar 40]. Through this operation, each punch 30 is placed at the initial position located at the corresponding axial end portion side of the rawmaterial 1 [Setting work of the punch 30]. Simultaneously with this, the tip end portions of both thecore bar halves hollow portion 3a of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of therawmaterial 1. In this state, the internal peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduledportion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 are restrained by the peripheral surface of both thecore bar halves - Furthermore, the corresponding processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is inserted in theinsertion hole 21 of eachguide 20. With this, the external peripheral surface of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of theinsertion hole 21 of theguide 20. - Furthermore, as shown in
Fig. 8 , an initial clearance X is set between thetip end portion 20a of eachguide 20 and the correspondingbottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12. In the same manner as in the first embodiment, the distance of each initial clearance X is set to be not larger than the buckling limit length X0 at the cross-sectional area of the exposed portion of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 exposed between thetip end portion 20a of eachguide 20 and the correspondingbottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12. - Subsequently, as shown in
Fig. 9 , while axially simultaneously pressurizing each processing scheduledportion 2 of therawmaterial 1 with the correspondingpunch 30 by simultaneously moving both thepunches punch driving apparatuses guide 20 is moved in adirection 25 opposite to the movingdirection 35 of the correspondingpunch 30 by simultaneously operating both theguide driving apparatuses portion 2 of theraw material 1 exposed between thetip end portion 20a of eachguide 20 and the correspondingbottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 is outwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases within the corresponding molding dentedportion 12. Furthermore, therod 51a of thefluid pressure cylinder 51 is retracted in accordance with the movement of each punch 30 to prevent the axial displacement of thecore bar half 40a. - Here, a time lag t0 is set between the moving initiation of each
punch 30 and the moving initiation of theguide 20. That is, in the case of initiating the pressurization of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 with eachpunch 30, the position of eachguide 20 is fixed to the initial position, and then each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is axially pressurized with the correspondingpunch 30 by moving thepunch 30. After the lapse of the time lag t0, while continuously pressurizing the corresponding processing scheduledportion 2. of theraw material 1 with eachpunch 30, eachguide 20 is moved in adirection 25 opposite to the movingdirection 35 of the correspondingpunch 30. At this time, the traveling speed of eachguide 20 is controlled by the controller of theguide driving apparatus 60 so as not to exceed the buckling limit length at the cross-sectional area of the exposed portion of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 exposed between thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12. Moreover, when the processing conditions are determined, a cylinder or a machine cam of a designed constant speed can be used. - With the movement of each
punch 30 and eachguide 20, each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is gradually outwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases within the corresponding molding dentedportion 12, and the material of the processing scheduledportion 2 is gradually filled in the molding dentedportion 12. - As shown in
Fig. 10 , when the tip end portion of each punch 30 has reached the stop position Xp with respect to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 obtained from the design volume of the corresponding expandedportion 4, the movement of thepunch 30 is terminated. When thetip end portion 20a of eachguide 20 has reached the stop position Xg with respect to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 defined by thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20, the movement of eachguide 20 is terminated. At this time, the material of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 has been completely filled in the corresponding molding dentedportion 12, and the processing scheduledportion 2 has been expanded into the designed shape. - Through the procedures, the wall thickening processing for both the processing scheduled
portions 2 of theraw material 1 are completed. - Next, in order to pull each
core bar half 40a out of thehollow portions portions 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1, each punch 30 is moved in the axial direction of theraw material 1 from each position of the axial end portion of theraw material 1. Thus, each punch 30 is removed from the position of the axial end portion of theraw material 1, and at the same time eachcore bar half 40a is pulled out [Pulling out work of thecore bar half 40a and removal work of the punch 30]. Then, the upsetting manufacturedproduct 6B is pulled out of the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10. - In the second embodiment, the stop position Xp of the tip end portion of each punch 30 with respect to the
bottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 and the stop position Xg of thetip end portion 20a of each guide 20 with respect to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 coincide with each other. However, in the present invention, it is not always required that Xp and Xg coincide with each other. - The average moving speed G from the moving initiation of each guide 20 preferably satisfies the aforementioned equation (i).
- In the upsetting method of the second embodiment, by moving each
guide 20 in adirection 25 opposite to the movingdirection 35 of the correspondingpunch 30 while simultaneously pressurizing each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 with the correspondingpunch 30 in the axial direction, both the processing scheduledportions raw material 1 are simultaneously expanded outwardly. Therefore, an upsettingmanufactured product 6B in which expandedportions - Furthermore, the setting work of the
core bar half 40a for placing eachcore bar half 40a in thehollow portions portion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 and the setting work of thepunch 30 for placing eachpunch 30 at the axial end portion side of theraw material 1 to pressurize the corresponding processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 with eachpunch 30 can be performed simultaneously, resulting in improved upsetting operation efficiency. - Furthermore, after completion of the processing, the pulling out work of the
core bar half 40a for pulling eachcore bar half 40a out of thehollow portions portion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 and the removal work of thepunch 30 for removing eachpunch 30 from the position of the axial end portion of theraw material 1 can be performed simultaneously, resulting in further improved upsetting operation efficiency. - Furthermore, since the
core bar 40 is divided into two halves at the axial intermediate portion and therefore the length is shortened, the insertion time for inserting thecore bar 40 into the prescribedhollow portions 2a and 3b can be shortened, which can further improve the operation efficiency of the upsetting. - In the second embodiment, although each guide 20 is moved by the driving force of the
guide driving apparatus 60 at the time of the upsetting, the present invention does not necessarily require that each guide 20 is moved by such driving force. That is, in the present invention, each guide 20 can be moved by the pressing-back force acting on theguide 20 by press-fitting the material of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 into the molding dentedportion 12. In this case, even if eachguide driving apparatus 60 is not always used, each guide 20 can be moved. Therefore, the upsettingapparatus 1B can be simplified. -
Figs. 12 to 14 are schematic views for explaining an upsetting method using an upsetting apparatus of a cylindrical raw material according to the third embodiment of the present invention. - In
Fig. 12 , "1C" denotes an upsetting apparatus according to the third embodiment, and "1" denotes a cylindrical raw material. Furthermore, inFig. 14 , "6C" denotes a cylindrical upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the upsettingapparatus 1C. This upsettingmanufactured product 6C is used as, for example, a preform for manufacturing a shank member of an arm for vehicles, or a preform for manufacturing a component in which a screw hole is to be formed at both end portions of a cylindrical shank portion. Or, the product can be used as a member in which another member is to be integrally secured to an end portion of a cylindrical shank portion by a friction stir welding, i.e., a joining cylindrical member for a friction stir welding. "5" denotes a shank portion of the upsetting manufacturedproduct 6C constituted by the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1, and "4" denotes an expanded portion formed at the end portion of theshank portion 5. This expandedportion 4 is expanded so that the wall thickness of theraw material 1 increases inwardly (i.e., toward the radially inward direction of the raw material 1). - The structure of the
upsetting apparatus 1C of this third embodiment will be explained below focusing on the differences with theapparatus 1A of the first enforcement. - As shown in
Fig. 12 , just like the raw material of the first embodiment, theraw material 1 is a straight cylindrical member, in detail, a straight pipe round in cross-section. - The processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is located at one end portion of the axial end portions of theraw material 1, or at one axial end portion of theraw material 1. In other words, the axial one end portion of theraw material 1 corresponds to the processing scheduledportion 2. On the other hand, the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of thisraw material 1 is located at the axial other end portion of theraw material 1. In other words, the axial other end portion of theraw material 1 corresponds to the non-processing scheduledportion 3. By processing the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 to increase the wall thickness into a designed shape, as shown inFig. 14 , an inwardly expandedportion 4 increased in wall thickness is formed at one end portion of the raw material 1 (the shank portion 5). - The upsetting
apparatus 1C is configured to inwardly expand the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 so as to increase the wall thickness thereof. This upsettingapparatus 1C is equipped with acore bar 40, a restrainingdie 10, a molding dentedportion 12, aguide 20, apunch 30, aguide driving apparatus 60, and apunch driving apparatus 70. - The
core bar 40 has a core barmain body 41 and asmall diameter portion 42 integrally formed at the axial one end portion of the core barmain body 41 and smaller than the core barmain body 41 in diameter. In thiscore bar 40, the core barmain body 41 is inserted in thehollow portion 3a of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1, and restrains the internal peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 in a buckling preventing state with the peripheral surface of the core barmain body 41. Thesmall diameter portion 42 of thecore bar 40 is placed in thehollow portion 2a of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1, and forms the molding dentedportion 12 between the internal peripheral surface of the processing scheduledportion 2 and thesmall diameter portion 42. - The restraining die 10 has a restraining
hole 11 extended in the axial direction. This restraininghole 11 is configured to hold the processing scheduledportion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 inserted therein to restrain the external peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduledportion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 with the peripheral surface of the restraininghole 11 in the buckling preventing state. - The restraining die 10 is longitudinally divided into a plurality of pieces. That is, it is a split mold.
- The
punch 30 is for axially pressurizing the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1. The tip end portion of thispunch 30 is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the axial end portion (i.e., processing scheduled portion 2) of theraw material 1, i.e., the tip end portion of thepunch 30 is cylindrical in cross-section. - Furthermore, a
hollow portion 31 extended in the axial direction is formed in thepunch 30. Thishollow portion 31 penetrates thepunch 30 in the axial direction. - The
guide 20 is placed in thehollow portion 2a of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1, and restrains the internal peripheral surface of the processing scheduledportion 2 by the peripheral surface of theguide 20. - This
guide 20 is movable in adirection 25 opposite to the movingdirection 35 of the punch. Thisguide 20 is placed in thehollow portion 31 of thepunch 30 in the axially movable manner. - Moreover, the peripheral edge portion of the
tip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is chamfered, and therefore the peripheral edge portion is formed into a round cross-sectional shape. "21a" denotes a chamfered portion formed at the peripheral edge portion. - Furthermore, the
guide 20 has a hollow portion extended in the axial direction, and afluid pressure cylinder 51 is placed in the hollow portion as anextensible device 50 capable of being extended and contracted in the axial direction. To thisguide 20, thecore bar 40 is connected via thefluid pressure cylinder 51 so as to extend in the axial direction of theguide 20. At the tip end portion of theextensible rod 51a of thisfluid pressure cylinder 51, thesmall diameter portion 42 of thecore bar 40 is detachably attached. - The
punch driving apparatus 70 is for giving pressurizing force for pressurizing the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 to thepunch 30 by moving thepunch 30 in the axial direction of theraw material 1. Thispunch driving apparatus 70 is connected to thepunch 30. - The
guide driving apparatus 60 is for moving theguide 20 in a direction opposite 25 to the movingdirection 35 of the punch. Thisguide driving apparatus 60 is connected to theguide 20. - Next, an upsetting method using the aforementioned upsetting
apparatus 1C of the third embodiment will be explained below. - Initially, as shown in
Fig. 12 , the processing scheduledportion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 are inserted in the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10. With this, the external peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduledportion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 are restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraininghole 11. - Subsequently, in a state in which the
core bar 40 is connected to theguide 20 via thefluid pressure cylinder 51, the core barmain body 41 is inserted into thehollow portion 3a of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1, and thesmall diameter portion 42 of thecore bar 41 is inserted into thehollow portion 2a of the processing scheduledportion 2 of the raw material 1 [Setting work of the core bar 40]. Through this operation, theguide 20 is placed at thehollow portion 2a of the processing scheduledportion 2 of the raw material 1 [Setting work of the guide 20]. In this state, the internal peripheral surface of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of theguide 20. - Furthermore, the
guide 20 is inserted into thehollow portion 31 of thepunch 30, and thispunch 30 is placed at the initial position at the axial end portion side of theraw material 1. - Furthermore, an initial clearance X is set between the
tip end portion 20a of theguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12. In the state before initiating the movement of thepunch 30, the distance of this initial clearance X is set to be not larger than the buckling limit length X0 at the cross-sectional area of the exposed portion of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 exposed between thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12. - Subsequently, as shown in
Fig. 13 , while axially pressurizing the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 with thepunch 30 by moving the punch by operating thepunch driving apparatus 70, theguide 20 is moved in adirection 25 opposite to the movingdirection 35 of thepunch 30 by operating theguide driving apparatus 60. With this, the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 exposed between thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 is inwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases within the molding dentedportion 12. Furthermore, therod 51a of thefluid pressure cylinder 51 is extended in accordance with the movement of thepunch 30 to prevent the axial displacement of thecore bar 41. - Here, it is preferable to set a time lag to between the moving initiation of the
punch 30 and the moving initiation of theguide 20. That is, in the case of initiating the pressurization of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 with thepunch 30, the position of theguide 20 is fixed to the initial position, and then the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is axially pressurized with thepunch 30 by moving thepunch 30. After the lapse of the time lag to, while continuously pressurizing the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 with thepunch 30, theguide 20 is moved in adirection 25 opposite to the movingdirection 35 of thepunch 30. - With the movement of the
punch 30 and theguide 20, the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is gradually inwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases within the molding dentedportion 12, and the material of the processing scheduledportion 2 is gradually filled in the molding dentedportion 12 under pressure. - As shown in
Fig. 14 , when the tip end portion of thepunch 30 has reached the stop position Xp with respect to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 obtained from the design volume of the expandedportion 4, the movement of thepunch 30 is terminated. When thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 has reached the stop position Xg with respect to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 defined by thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20, the movement of theguide 20 is terminated. At this time, the material of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 has been completely filled in the molding dentedportion 12, and the processing scheduledportion 2 has been expanded into the designed shape. - Through the aforementioned procedures, the wall thickening processing for the processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is completed. - Subsequently, the
fluid pressure cylinder 51 and thecore bar 40 are separated, and thebottom portion 15 of the restraining die 10 is removed. Then, thecore bar 40 is pulled out of thehollow portion 3a of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1, and theguide 20 and thepunch 30 are also removed. - In the third embodiment, the stop position Xp of the tip end portion of the
punch 30 with respect to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 and the stop position Xg of thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 with respect to thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 coincide with each other. However, in the present invention, it is not always required that Xp and Xg coincide with each other. - It is preferable that the average moving speed G of the
guide 20 from the moving initiation satisfies the aforementioned equation (i). - Thus, in the aforementioned upsetting method of the third embodiment, at the time of pressurizing the processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 with thepunch 30, the internal peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the core barmain body 41, and the external peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduledportion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 are restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10. Therefore, inward and outward buckling of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of therawmaterial 1 is prevented, and the outward buckling of the processing scheduledportion 2 is prevented. Furthermore, theguide 20 is placed in thehollow portion 2a of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1, and therefore the internal peripheral surface of the processing scheduledportion 2 is restrained by the peripheral surface of theguide 20. With this, the inward buckling of the processing scheduledportion 2 is prevented. In this state, by moving theguide 20 in adirection 25 opposite to the movingdirection 35 of thepunch 30 while axially pressurizing the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 with thepunch 30, the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 exposed between thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12 is expanded assuredly and favorably so that the wall thickness increases within the molding dentedportion 12. Consequently, a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufacturedproduct 6C can be obtained. - Furthermore, since the
guide 20 is moved by the driving force of theguide driving apparatus 60, theguide 20 can be moved assuredly. - Furthermore, since the tip end portion of
punch 30 is formed into the cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the axial end portion of theraw material 1, the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 can be assuredly pressurized with thepunch 30. - Furthermore, since the
core bar 40 is connected to theguide 20 so as to extend in the axial direction of theguide 20, the setting work of thecore bar 40 for placing the core barmain body 41 into thehollow portion 3a of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 and placing thesmall diameter portion 42 into thehollow portion 2a of the processing scheduledportion 2 and the setting work of theguide 20 for placing theguide 20 into thehollow portion 2a of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 can be performed simultaneously, which makes it possible to improve the operation efficiency of the upsetting. - Furthermore, since the
fluid pressure cylinder 51 is extended with the movement of theguide 20, the problem that the position of thecore bar 40 shifts in accordance with the movement of theguide 20 or the expansion of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 can be prevented assuredly. - Furthermore, since the
fluid pressure cylinder 51 is used as theextensible device 50, such defect can be prevented assuredly. - Furthermore, since the chamfering work (the chamfered
portion 21a) is given to the peripheral edge portion of thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20, the back pressure of the material of the processing scheduledportion 2 of therawmaterial 1 effectively acts on thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 at the time of the processing. Consequently, the driving force of theguide driving apparatus 60 for moving theguide 20 can be decreased, which makes it possible to miniaturize theguide driving apparatus 60. - Here, in the third embodiment, although the
guide 20 is moved by the driving force of theguide driving apparatus 60 at the time of the upsetting, the present invention does not necessarily require that theguide 20 is moved by such driving force. That is, in the present invention, theguide 20 can be moved by the pressing-back force acting on theguide 20 caused by pressing the material of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 into the molding dentedportion 12. In this case, theguide 20 can be moved without using theguide driving apparatus 60, resulting in a simplifiedupsetting apparatus 1C. -
Fig. 15 is a schematic view showing a modified embodiment of theupsetting apparatus 1A of the first embodiment. - In this modification, a
compression spring 52 is used as theextensible device 50. Thisspring 52 is configured to be compressed with the movement of thepunch 30 at the time of the processing. - This
spring 52 can also be applied to eachextensible device 50 in theupsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment. -
Fig. 16 is a schematic view showing another modification of theupsetting apparatus 1C of the third embodiment. - In this modification, a
coil spring 52 is used as theextensible device 50. Thisspring 52 is configured to extend with the movement of theguide 20 at the time of the processing. -
Figs. 17 to 19 are schematic views for explaining an upsetting method using an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. - In
Fig. 17 , "1D" denotes an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material according to the fourth embodiment. InFigs. 17 to 19 , the same mark is allotted to the same component as the structural element of theupsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment shown inFigs. 7 to 10 . Hereinafter, the structure of the upsettingapparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment will be explained focusing on the difference with the structure of theupsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment. - The cylindrical upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the upsetting
apparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment is the same as the cylindrical upsetting manufacturedproduct 6B shown inFig. 11 . - As shown in
Fig. 17 , this upsettingapparatus 1D is further equipped with two heating means 80 and 80 and two cooling means 85 and 85 in addition to all of the structures of theupsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment shown inFig. 17 . - Two heating means 80 and 80 are the same in structure. Each heating means 80 partially heats the
portion 2x corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 in each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1. The heating means 80 is an induction heating means 81 having aninduction heating coil 81a and apower supply portion 81b for supplying AC current (or AC voltage) to thecoil 81a. - The surface of the
induction heating coil 81a is covered with an insulating layer (not shown) consisting of, e.g., an insulating tape. Furthermore, thecoil 81a is embedded in the axial both end portions of the restraining die 10 in such a manner that it surrounds the corresponding molding dentedportion 12. - The restraining die 10 is made of hard conductive material (e.g., heat resistant metal material) having heat resistance, such as, e.g., steel material.
- With this induction heating means 81, when a current (voltage) of a prescribed frequency (e.g., high frequency or low frequency) is supplied to the
coil 81a by thepower supply portion 81b, the axial end portion of the restraining die 10 is partially induction-heated by thecoil 81a of the induction heating means 81. With this, theportion 2x of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is partially heated by the heat of the axial end portion of the restraining die 10. That is, it is configured such that the heat of the axial end portion of the restraining die 10 is conducted to theportion 2x of theraw material 1 to thereby partially heat theportion 2x. Furthermore, this induction heating means 81 is configured such that theportion 2x can be partially heated into a half-molten state by increasing the current supplying amount or the like to thecoil 81a to thereby raise the heating temperature of theportion 2x of theraw material 1. - Two cooling means 85 and 85 are the same in structure. Each cooling means 85 partially cools the
portion 2y of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of the guide rather than thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20. This cooling means 85 has a coolingfluid passage 85a. This coolingfluid passage 85a is formed in the basal end portion of theguide 20 as the basal end side portion rather than thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20. This cooling means 85 is configured to partially cool theportion 2y of theraw material 1 by circulating cooling fluid, such as, e.g., cooling water, in this coolingfluid passage 85a. - In addition, "88" and "88" denote two cooling fluid passages formed in the axial intermediate portion of the restraining die 10. Each cooling
fluid passage 88 controls the conduction of the heat generated by thecoil 81a of the induction heating means 81 to the other portions of the restraining-die 10 by circulating the cooling fluid therein. - The other structure of the upsetting
apparatus 1D of this fourth embodiment is the same as the structure of theupsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment. - Next, the upsetting method using the upsetting
apparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment will be explained below. - First, as shown in
Fig. 17 , the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 is inserted in the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10. With this, each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is placed in the corresponding molding dentedportion 12 of the restraining die 10. In this state, the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraininghole 11. - Next, the setting work of the
core bar 40 and the setting work of thepunch 30, which were explained in the second embodiment, are performed. With this, the internal peripheral surfaces of both the processing scheduledportions portion 3 of theraw material 1 are restrained by the peripheral surface of the core bar 40 (in detail, both thecore bar halves - Furthermore, each processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is inserted in thecorresponding insertion hole 21 of eachguide 20. With this, the external peripheral surface of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 its restrained by the peripheral surface of theinsertion hole 21. - Furthermore, depending on the needs, it is preferable to form an initial clearance X (see
Fig. 8 ) between thetip end portion 20a of eachguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the corresponding molding dentedportion 12. - Furthermore, the axial both end portions of the restraining die 10 are partially induction-heated by the
coil 81a of each induction heating means 81 by supplying a current of a prescribed frequency to thecoil 81a of each induction heating means 81 by the power-supply portion 81b. With this, theportion 2x of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is partially heated by the heat of the axial end portion of the restraining die 10. Consequently, the deformation resistance in theportion 2x of theraw material 1 decreases partially. - This heating temperature is not specifically limited, and can be a temperature which causes deterioration of the deformation resistance of the
portion 2x of theraw material 1. Concrete examples of the preferable heating temperature are as follows. - For example, in cases where the
raw material 1 is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, 200 to 580 °C (especially preferably 350 to 540 ° C) can be exemplified as a preferable heating temperature range. Furthermore, in cases where theportion 2x of theraw material 1 is heated into a half-molten state, 580 to 625 °C (especially preferably 600 to 615 ° C) can be exemplified as a preferable heating temperature range. However, in the present invention, the heating temperature is not limited to the aforementioned range. - Furthermore, the
portion 2y of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of theguide 20 rather than the tip end portion of the guide is partially cooled by circulating cooling fluid, such as, e.g., cooling water of a normal temperature, in the coolingfluid passage 85a of each cooling means 85. With this, the deterioration of the deformation resistance of theportion 2y of theraw material 1 can be controlled. - As the preferable cooling temperature in this case, 30 to 80 °C (especially preferably 40 to 60 °C) can be exemplified. In the present invention, however, the cooling temperature is not limited to the aforementioned range.
- Moreover, cooling fluid of a normal temperature is circulated in each cooling
fluid passage 88 formed in the restricteddie 10. With this, the conduction of the heat generated by thecoil 81a of each induction heating means 81 to other portions of the restraining die 10 can be controlled. - Next, while maintaining such a state, as shown in
Figs. 18 and19 , in the same procedures as in the upsetting method shown in the second embodiment, both the processing scheduledportions raw material 1 are simultaneously expanded outward in the molding dentedportion - After expanding both the processing scheduled
portions raw material 1 into a designed shape, the pulling out work of thecore bar 40 and the removal work ofpunch 30, which were explained in the second embodiment, are performed. Thereafter, by removing theraw material 1 from the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10, the cylindrical upsetting manufacturedproduct 6B shown inFig. 11 is obtained. - In this upsetting method, it is preferable that the average moving speed G of each guide 20 from the moving initiation thereof satisfies the aforementioned equation (i).
- Thus, in the upsetting method of the fourth embodiment, there are the following advantages in addition to the same advantages as those of the upsetting method of the second embodiment.
- That is, since each processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is expanded with theportion 2x of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 partially heated, theportion 2x of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 partially deteriorates in deformation resistance. As a result, the molding pressure can be reduced. On the other hand, as to theportion 2y of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of theguide 20 rather than thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20, since it is not heated, the portion does not deteriorate in deformation resistance. Therefore, the increase in the molding pressure produced when each end portion of theraw material 1 is crushed in theinsertion hole 21 of theguide 20 by the pressure from thepunch 30 can be prevented. - Furthermore, since the
portion 2x of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is partially heated with the heat of the axial end portion of restraining die 10 by partially induction-heating the axial both end portions of the restraining die 10 with the induction heating means 81, theportion 2x of theraw material 1 can be heated assuredly and efficiently. - And, in the fourth embodiment, the
portion 2x of theraw material 1 can be heated into a half-molten state partially by raising the heating temperature. In this case, the molding pressure can be reduced substantially. The upsetting in this case is classified under the category of Thixomolding. - Furthermore, each processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is expanded in a state in which theportion 2y of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of theguide 20 rather than thetip end portion 20a ofguide 20 is partially cooled by the cooling means 85. Therefore, the heating of theportion 2y of theraw material 1 can be prevented assuredly, which in turn can assuredly prevent the deterioration of the deformation resistance of theportion 2y of theraw material 1. - Therefore, according to the upsetting method of the fourth embodiment, a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufactured
product 6B having an expandedportion 4 outwardly expanded with the increased wall thickness at each of the axial both end portions can be manufactured. - In the fourth embodiment, the
portion 2x of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is partially heated with the heat of the axial end portion of the res training die 10 by partially induction heating both the axial end portions of the restraining die 10 by the induction heating means 81. In the present invention, however, theportion 2x of theraw material 1 can be partially induction-heated by the induction heating means 81. In this case, theportion 2x of theraw material 1 can be heated assuredly and very efficiently. Furthermore, in this case, the restraining die 10 can be made of hard conductive material (e.g., heat resistant metal material) having heat resistance, such as, e.g., steel material, and also can be hard non-conductive material having heat resistance, such as, e.g., ceramics. - Furthermore, in the fourth embodiment, the number of the processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is two. In the present invention, however, the number of the processing scheduledportion 2 can be one. - Here, in the fourth embodiment, each
guide 20 is moved by the driving force of theguide driving apparatus 60 at the time of the upsetting. In the present invention, however, it is not necessarily required that each guide 20 is moved by such driving force. That is, in the present invention, each guide 20 can be moved by the pressing-back force acting on theguide 20 caused by the pressing of the molding dentedportion 12 of the material of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1. In this case, each guide 20 can be moved without using eachguide driving apparatus 60, resulting in simplification of the upsettingapparatus 1D. -
Figs. 20 to 22 are schematic views for explaining an upsetting method using an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. - In
Fig. 20 , "1E" denotes an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical rawmaterial according to the fifth embodiment. InFigs. 20 to 22 , the same reference mark is allotted to the same component as the structure element of theupsetting apparatus 1C of the third embodiment shown inFigs. 12 to 14 . Hereinafter, the structure of theupsetting apparatus 1E of the fifth embodiment will be explained focusing on the difference with the structure of theupsetting apparatus 1C of the third embodiment and the upsettingapparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment. - The cylindrical upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the upsetting
apparatus 1E of the fifth embodiment has, as shown inFig. 22 , an expandedportion 4 inwardly expanded so that the wall thickness increases at the axial one end portion, i. e., it is the same as the cylindrical upsetting manufacturedproduct 6C manufactured by the upsettingapparatus 1C of the third embodiment. - As shown in
Fig. 20 , this upsettingapparatus 1E is equipped with a heating means 80 and a cooling means 85 in addition to all of the structures of theupsetting apparatus 1C of the third embodiment. - The heating means 80 partially heats the
portion 2x of the processing scheduledportion 2 of therawmaterial 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20. The heating means 80 is an induction heating means 81 having aninduction heating coil 81a and a power-supply portion 81b for supplying AC current (or AC voltage) to thecoil 81a. - The surface of the
induction heating coil 81a is covered by an insulating layer (not shown) consisting of an insulating tape, etc. Furthermore, thiscoil 81a is embedded in the axial one end portion of the restraining die 10 so as to surround the molding dentedportion 12. - The restraining die 10 is made of hard conductivematerial (e.g., heat resistant metal material) having heat resistance, such as, e.g., steel material, or hard non-conductive material having heat resistance, such as ceramics.
- With this induction heating means 81, when a current (voltage) of a prescribed frequency (e.g., high frequency or low frequency) is supplied to the
coil 81a by thepower supply portion 81b, theportion 2x of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is partially heated by thecoil 81a of the induction heating means 81. Furthermore, thisinductionheatingmeans 81 is configured such that theportion 2x of theraw material 1 can be partially heated into a half-molten state by increasing the current supplying amount or the like to thecoil 81a to thereby raise the heating temperature of theportion 2x of theraw material 1. - The cooling mean 85 partially cools the
portion 2y of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of the guide rather than thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20. This cooling means 85 has a coolingfluid passage 85a formed in the basal end portion of theguide 20. This cooling means 85 is configured to partially cool theportion 2y of theraw material 1 by circulating cooling fluid, such as, e.g., cooling water, in this coolingfluid passage 85a. - "88" denotes a cooling fluid passage formed in the restraining die 10. The cooling
fluid passage 88 controls the conduction of the heat generated by thecoil 81a of the induction heating mean 81 to the other portions of the restraining die 10 by circulating the cooling fluid therein. - The other structure of the
upsetting apparatus 1E of this fifth embodiment is the same as the structure of theupsetting apparatus 1C of the third embodiment. - Next, the upsetting method using the
upsetting apparatus 1E of the fifth embodiment will be explained below. - First, as shown in
Fig. 20 , the processing scheduledportion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 are inserted in the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10. With this, the external peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduledportion 2 and the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 are restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraininghole 11 in a buckling preventing state. Next, in the state in which thecore bar 40 is connected to theguide 20 via thefluid pressure cylinder 51, the core barmain body 41 is inserted in thehollow portion 3a of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1, and thesmall diameter portion 42 of thecore bar 40 is inserted in thehollow portion 2a of the processing scheduled portion 2 [Setting work of the core bar 40]. With this operation, at least thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is placed in thehollow portion 2a of the processing scheduledportion 2 of the raw material 1 [Setting work of the guide 20]. In this state, the internal peripheral surface of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface ofguide 20 in a buckling preventing state. - Furthermore, depending on the needs, it is preferable to set an initial clearance X (see
Fig. 12 ) between thetip end portion 20a of eachguide 20 and thebottom portion 12a of the corresponding molding dentedportion 12. - Furthermore, the
portion 2x of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is partially induction-heated by thecoil 81a of the induction heating means 81 by supplying a current of a prescribed frequency to thecoil 81a of the induction heating means 81 by the power-supply portion 81b. With this, theportion 2x of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is partially decreased in deformation resistance. - The preferable heating temperature range in this case is the same as the preferable heating temperature range in the fourth embodiment.
- Furthermore, the
portion 2y of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of theguide 20 rather than the tip end portion of theguide 20 is partially cooled by circulating cooling fluid, such as, e.g., cooling water of a normal temperature, in the coolingfluid passage 85a of each cooling means 85. With this, the deterioration of the deformation resistance of theportion 2y of theraw material 1 can be controlled. - The preferable cooling temperature range in this case is the same as the preferable cooling temperature range in the fourth embodiment.
- Moreover, cooling fluid of a normal temperature is circulated in the cooling
fluid passage 88 formed in the restricteddie 10. With this, the conduction of the heat generated by thecoil 81a of the induction heating means 81 to other portions of the restraining die 10 can be controlled. - Next, while maintaining such a state, as shown in
Figs. 21 and22 , in the same procedures as in the upsetting method shown in the third embodiment, the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is expanded inward in the molding dentedportion - After expanding the processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 into a designed shape, thefluid pressure cylinder 51 and thecore bar 40 are detached, and thebottom portion 15 of the restraining die 10 is removed. Then, thecore bar 40 is pulled out of thehollow portion 3a of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1, and theguide 20 and thepunch 30 are also removed. With this, a desired cylindrical upsetting manufacturedproduct 6C is obtained. - In this upsetting method, it is preferable that the average moving speed G of each guide 20 from the moving initiation thereof satisfies the aforementioned equation (i).
- Thus, in the upsetting method of the fifth embodiment, there are the following advantages in addition to the same advantages as those of the upsetting method of the third embodiment.
- That is, since the processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is expanded with theportion 2x of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 partially heated, only theportion 2x of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 partially deteriorates in deformation resistance. As a result, the molding pressure can be reduced. On the other hand, as to theportion 2y of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of theguide 20 rather than thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20, since it is not heated, the portion does not deteriorate in deformation resistance. Therefore, the increase in the molding pressure produced when the end portion of theraw material 1 is crushed in theinsertion hole 21 of theguide 20 by the pressure from thepunch 30 can be prevented. - Furthermore, since the
portion 2x of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is partially heated with the induction heating means 81, theportion 2x of theraw material 1 can be heated assuredly and efficiently. - And, in the fifth embodiment, the
portion 2x of theraw material 1 can be heated into a half-molten state partially by raising the heating temperature. In this case, the molding pressure can be reduced substantially. The upsetting in this case is classified under the category of Thixomolding. - Furthermore, the processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is expanded in a state in which theportion 2y of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of theguide 20 rather than thetip end portion 20a ofguide 20 is partially cooled by the cooling means 85. Therefore, the heating of theportion 2y of theraw material 1 can be prevented assuredly, which in turn can assuredly prevent the deterioration of the deformation resistance of theportion 2y of theraw material 1. - Therefore, according to the upsetting method of the fifth embodiment, as shown in
Fig. 22 , a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufacturedproduct 6C in which an expandedportion 4 is formed at the axial end portion so that the wall thickness increases can be manufactured. - In the fifth embodiment, the
portion 2x of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is partially heated with the induction heating means 81. In the present invention, however, the axial one end portion of the restraining die 10 can be partially induction-heated by the induction heating means 81, to thereby partially heat theportion 2x of theraw material 1 with the heat of the axial one end portion of the restraining die 10. In this case, theportion 2x of theraw material 1 can be heated assuredly and efficiently. Furthermore, in this case, it is preferable that the restraining die 10 is made of hard conductive material (e.g., heat resistant metal material) such as, e.g., steel material. - Here, in the fifth embodiment, the
guide 20 is moved by the driving force of theguide driving apparatus 60 at the time of the upsetting. In the present invention, however, it is not necessarily required that theguide 20 is moved by such driving force. That is, in the present invention, theguide 20 can be moved by the pressing-back force acting on theguide 20 caused by the pressing of the molding dentedportion 12 of the material of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1. In this case, theguide 20 can be moved without using theguide driving apparatus 60, resulting in simplification of theupsetting apparatus 1E. -
Figs. 23 to 25 are schematic views for explaining an upsetting method using an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. - In
Fig. 23 , "1F" denotes an upsetting apparatus for a cylindrical raw material according to the sixth embodiment. InFigs. 23 to 25 , the same mark is allotted to the same component as that of the structure element of theupsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment shown inFigs. 7 to 10 . Hereafter, the structure of upsettingapparatus 1F of this sixth embodiment will be explained focusing on the difference with the structure of theupsetting apparatus 1B of the second embodiment and that of the upsettingapparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment. - The cylindrical upsetting manufactured product manufactured by the upsetting
apparatus 1F of the sixth embodiment is the same as the cylindrical upsetting manufacturedproduct 6B shown inFig. 11 . - Unlike the upsetting
apparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment, this upsettingapparatus 1F is not equipped with the core bar and the extensible device as shown inFig. 23 . This upsettingapparatus 1F is equipped with two heating means 80 and 80, two cooling means 85 and 85, and a pressure fluid filling means 90. - The two heating means 80 and 80 are the same in structure. Each heating means 80 is the same in structure as the heating means 80 of the upsetting
apparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment, i.e., each heating means 80 is an induction heating means 81 having aninduction heating coil 81a and a power-supply portion 81b. - The two cooling means 85 and 85 are the same in structure. Each cooling means 85 is the same in structure as the cooling means 85 of the upsetting
apparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment, i.e., each cooling means 85 has a coolingfluid passage 85a. - The pressure fluid filling means 90 fills pressure fluid (pressure medium) 95 in the
hollow portions non-processingscheduled portion 3 located at the axial intermediate portion of the cylindricalraw material 1 and the processing scheduledportion portion 3 of theraw material 1 and both the processing scheduledportions - This pressure fluid filling means 90 has a pressure
fluid supplying passage 91 formed in one of thepunches fluid supplying portion 92 for supplying thepressure fluid 95 into thehollow portion raw material 1 through the supplyingpassage 91. The supplying port 9a of the pressurefluid supplying passage 92 is provided at the tip end face of thepunch 30 in communication with thehollow portion 2a. The pressurefluid supplying portion 92 has a pressure tank (not shown) in which the pressure fluid is filled as a pressure fluid supplying source. - Gas, such as, e.g., argon or air, is used as the
pressure fluid 95. In the present invention, however, thepressure fluid 95 is not limited to gas, and can be liquid, such as, e.g., water or oil. - At the tip end portion of each
punch 30 , a fittingconvex portion 32 to be fitted in the opening portion of the axial end portion of theraw material 1 is formed. This fittingconvex portion 32 prevents the deformation of the axial end of theraw material 1 by supporting the axial end portion from its inner side. - Next, the upsetting method using the upsetting
apparatus 1F of the sixth embodiment will be explained below. - First, as shown in
Fig. 23 , the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 is inserted in the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10. With this, each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is placed in the corresponding molding dentedportion 12 of the restraining die 10. In this state, the external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 of theraw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraininghole 11. - Next, the corresponding processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is inserted in theinsertion hole 21 of eachguide 20. With this, the external peripheral surface of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is restrained by the peripheral surface ofinsertion hole 21 in a buckling preventing state. - Furthermore, the corresponding
punch 30 is inserted in theinsertion hole 21 of eachguide 20. With this, each punch 30 is placed at the initial position located at the axial end portion of theraw material 1, and each fittingconvex portion 32 of the tip end portion of each punch 30 is closely fitted in the opening portion of the axial end portion of theraw material 1 to support the end portion in a deformation prevention state by theconvex portion 32 from its inner side. Furthermore, the opening portions of both the axial end portions of theraw material 1 are blocked by the fitting of the fittingconvex portion 32 as mentioned above. - Next, the
pressure fluid 95 is fully filled in thehollow portions portion 3 and both the processing scheduledportion fluid supplying portion 92 through the pressurefluid supplying passage 91. At the time of this filling, it is preferable to set a gap between the opening portion of one of the axial end portions of theraw material 1 and the tip end portion of thepunch 30 since it becomes easy to fill thepressure fluid 95 in thehollow portion raw material 1. It is preferable that the filling pressure of thepressure fluid 95 is set so as to fall within the range of 5 to 50 MPa (especially preferably 15 to 30MPa). In the present invention, however, the range of the filling pressure is not limited to the aforementioned range, and the filling pressure can fall within the range in which the non-processing scheduledportion 3 and both the processing scheduledportion raw material 1 are not buckled inwardly at the time of the processing. - Furthermore, according to need, it is preferable to set an initial clearance X (see
Fig. 8 ) between thetip end portion 20a of eachguide 20 and the correspondingbottom portion 12a of the molding dentedportion 12. - Furthermore, the axial both end portions of the restraining die 10 is partially induction-heated by the
coil 81a of each induction heating means 81 by supplying current of a prescribed frequency to thecoil 81a of each induction heating means 81 by the power-supply portion 81b. With this, theportion 2x of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is partially heated by the heat of the axial end portion of the restraining die 10. Consequently, the deformation resistance of theportion 2x of theraw material 1 deteriorates partially. - The preferable heating temperature range in this case is the same as the preferable heating temperature range in the fourth embodiment.
- Furthermore, the
portion 2y of the processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of theguide 20 rather than the tip end portion of theguide 20 is partially cooled by circulating cooling fluid, such as, e.g. , cooling water of a normal temperature, in the coolingfluid passage 85a of each cooling means 85. With this, the deterioration of the deformation resistance of theportion 2y of theraw material 1 can be controlled. - The preferable cooling temperature range in this case is the same as the preferable cooling temperature range in the fourth embodiment.
- Moreover, cooling fluid of a normal temperature is circulated in the cooling
fluid passage 88 formed in the restricteddie 10. With this, the conduction of the heat generated by thecoil 81a of the induction heating means 81 to other portions of the restraining die 10 can be controlled. - Next, while maintaining such a state, as shown in
Figs. 24 and25 , in the same procedures as in the upsetting method shown in the second embodiment, both the processing scheduledportions 2 of theraw material 1 are simultaneously expanded outward in the molding dentedportion portions raw material 1 are being expanded, it is preferable to adjust the fluid pressure so that the fluid pressure in thehollow portion raw material 1 becomes constant. - After expanding both the processing scheduled
portions 2 of theraw material 1 into a designed shape, a desired cylindrical upsetting manufacturedproduct 6B is obtained by removing theraw material 1 from the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10. - In this upsetting method, it is preferable that the average moving speed G of each guide 20 from the moving initiation thereof satisfies the aforementioned equation (i).
- Thus, in the upsetting method of the sixth embodiment, there are the following advantages.
- That is, at the time of pressuring each processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 with thepunch 30, the internal peripheral surfaces of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 and both the processing scheduledportion portion 3 is restrained by the peripheral surface of the restraininghole 11 of the restraining die 10. Therefore, the inward and outward buckling of the non-processing scheduledportion 3 ofraw material 1 is prevented, and the inward buckling of each processing scheduledportion 2 is prevented. And, each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 is placed in theinsertion hole 21 of theguide 20, and therefore the external peripheral surface of each processing scheduledportion 2 is restrained by the peripheral surface of theinsertion hole 21. This prevents the outward buckling of the processing scheduledportion 2. Performing the upsetting in this state assuredly and efficiently enables each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 to be expanded within the molding dentedportion 21 so that the wall thickness increases, resulting in a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufacturedproduct 6B. - Furthermore, since the
hollow portion portion 2 and both the processing scheduledportions pressure fluid 25, the frictional force which acts on each processing scheduledportion 2 at the time of the processing can be reduced. This significantly reduces the molding pressure. Furthermore, there is an advantage that there is no need to remove a core bar from the hollow portion of the upsetting manufacturedproduct 6B after completion of the processing. - Furthermore, since each processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is expanded in a state in which theportion 2x of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is heated partially, only theportion 2x of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 partially deteriorates in deformation resistance. Therefore, the molding pressure can be reduced. On the other hand, since theportion 2y of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of theguide 20 rather than thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is not heated, the deformation resistance does not deteriorate. Therefore, it is possible to prevent that each end portion of theraw material 1 is crushed and deformed by the pressure from thepunch 30. - Furthermore, since the
portion 2x of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is partially heated with the heat of the axial end portion of the restraining die 10 by partially induction heating with the induction heating means 81, theportion 2x of theraw material 1 can be heated assuredly and efficiently. - And, in the sixth embodiment, the
portion 2x of theraw material 1 can be heated into a half-molten state by raising the heating temperature. In this case, the molding pressure can be reduced substantially. The upsetting in this case is classified under the category of Thixomolding. - Furthermore, each processing scheduled
portion 2 of theraw material 1 is expanded in a state in which theportion 2y of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to the basal end side portion of theguide 20 rather than thetip end portion 20a ofguide 20 is partially cooled by the cooling means 85. Therefore, the heating of theportion 2y of theraw material 1 can be prevented assuredly, which in turn can assuredly prevent the deterioration of the deformation resistance of theportion 2y of theraw material 1. - Therefore , according to the upsetting method of the sixth embodiment, a high quality cylindrical upsetting manufactured
product 6B having an expandedportion 4 outwardly expanded with the increased wall thickness at each of the axial both end portions can be manufactured. - In the sixth embodiment, the
portion 2x of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 is partially heated by partially induction heating both the axial end portions of the restraining die 10 by the induction heating means 81. However, in the present invention, theportion 2x of theraw material 1 can be partially induction-heated by the induction heating means 81. In this case, theportion 2x of theraw material 1 can be heated assuredly and very efficiently. Furthermore, in this case, the restraining die 10 can be made of hard conductive material (e.g., heat resistant metal material) having heat resistance, such as, e.g., steel material, and also can be hard non-conductive material having heat resistance, such as, e.g., ceramics. - Furthermore, in the sixth embodiment, the number of the processing scheduled
portion 2 of therawmaterial 1 is two. However, in the present invention, the number of the processing scheduledportion 2 can be one. - Here, in the sixth embodiment, each
guide 20 is moved by the driving force of theguide driving apparatus 60 at the time of the upsetting. In the present invention, however, it is not necessarily required that each guide 20 is moved by such driving force. That is, in the present invention, each guide 20 can be moved by the pressing-back force acting on theguide 20 caused by the pressing of the molding dentedportion 12 of the material of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1. In this case, each guide 20 can be moved without using eachguide driving apparatus 60, resulting in simplification of theupsetting apparatus 1F. - Although some embodiments of the present invention were explained above, the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned embodiments, and the embodiments can be modified in a various manner.
- For example, the upsetting apparatus according to the present invention is not limited to an apparatus for manufacturing a preform for color members for bushes, a preform for a shank portion member for an arm for vehicles, or a cylindrical jointing member for friction stir welding, but also can be used as an apparatus for manufacturing preforms for various products.
- Furthermore, in the present invention, a processing scheduled portion of a raw material located at the axial intermediate portion of the raw material can be inwardly or outwardly expanded by the upsetting method of the present invention so that the wall thickness increases to thereby form an expanded portion at the axial central portion of the raw material.
- Furthermore, in the present invention, the processing scheduled portion of a raw material can be processed with the raw material heated to a prescribed temperature or with the raw material not heated. That is, the upsetting method according to the present invention can be a hot upsetting method or a cold upsetting method.
- In the present invention, the restraining die and the guide can be divided members. In addition, the dividing number and the dividing position of the restraining die and the guide can be variously set according to the shape of the raw material and/or the upsetting manufactured product.
- In the present invention, the raw material can be a cylindrical member, or an angular member for example.
- Furthermore, in the present invention, the heating means 80 is not limited to the induction heating means 81, and can be any other heating means.
- Next, concrete examples of the present invention will be shown below. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples shown here.
- A cylindrical
raw material 1 made of extruded material was prepared. Theraw material 1 was 30 mm in internal diameter, 40 mm in external diameter, and 5 mm in wall thickness. Each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 was 120 mm in length. The material of theraw material 1 was JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) A6061 aluminum alloy. - In Example 1, the
raw material 1 was subjected to the upsetting by the same method as the upsetting method explained in the sixth embodiment using the upsettingapparatus 1F of the fourth embodiment. The molding pressure required at the time of the upsetting was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. - In Example 2, the
raw material 1 was subjected to the upsetting by the same method as the upsetting method explained in the fourth embodiment using the upsettingapparatus 1D of the sixth embodiment. The molding pressure required at the time of the upsetting was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. - In Example 3, the
raw material 1 was subjected to the upsetting using the upsettingapparatus 1D of the fourth embodiment. In Example 3, however, the entireraw material 1 was heated and was subjected to the upsetting. The molding pressure required at the time of the upsetting was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. -
[Table 1] Restraining means Heating mode Heating temperature Cooling Forming pressure Example 1 Pressure fluid Partial heating 500 °C Yes 1.8x107 Pa Example 2 Core bar Partial heating 500 °C Yes 2.7x107 Pa Example 3 Core bar Entire heating 400 °C No 4.7x107 Pa - In Table 1, "Restraining means" denotes a means for restraining the internal peripheral surfaces of the non-processing scheduled
portion 3 and both the processing scheduledportions pressure fluid 95 consisting of argon gas was used. In Examples 2 and 3, as the restraining means, acore bar 40 was used. - In the "Heating mode" column, ""Partialheating" denotes the case in which the
portion 2x of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 was heated partially. "Entire heating" denotes the case in which the entireraw material 1 was heated with the heating furnace, and then thisraw material 1 in the heated state was quickly set to the upsettingapparatus 1D and subjected to the upsetting. - In the "Cooling" column, "Yes" denotes the case in which the
portion 2y of each processing scheduledportion 2 of theraw material 1 corresponding to the portion of the basal end side rather than thetip end portion 20a of theguide 20 was partially cooled by each cooling means 85. "No" denotes the case in which no cooling was performed. - As shown in Table 1, when the
pressure fluid 95 was used as a restricted means (Example 1), the molding pressure could have been reduced as compared with the case (Examples 2 and 3) where thecore bar 40 was used. - Furthermore, when partial heating was performed (Examples 1 and 2), the molding pressure could have been reduced as compared with the case (Example 3) where the entire heating was performed.
- It should be understood that the terms and expressions used herein are used for explanation and have no intention to be used to construe in a limited manner, do not eliminate any equivalents of features shown and mentioned herein, and allow various modifications falling within the claimed scope of the present invention.
- The present invention can be applied to an upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material capable of inwardly or outwardly expanding the processing scheduled portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material so that the wall thickness increases, and an upsetting apparatus for a hollow cylindrical raw material.
Claims (114)
- An upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1), comprising:- disposing a core bar (40) in hollow portions of a processing scheduled portion (2) and a non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1), to thereby restrain internal peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion (2) and the non-processing scheduled portion (3) by a peripheral surface of the core bar (40);- disposing the non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in a restraining hole (11) formed in a restraining die (10) and extended in an axial direction thereof, to thereby restrain an external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion (3) with a peripheral surface of the restraining hole (11);- disposing the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in a molding dented portion (12) formed at an axial end portion of the restraining die (10);- disposing the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in an insertion hole (21) formed in a guide (20) and extended in the axial direction thereof; and- then, moving the guide (20) in a direction opposite to a moving direction of a punch (30) while pressurizing the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) with the punch (30) in an axial direction to thereby outwardly expand the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) exposed between the tip end portion (20a) of the guide (20) and the bottom portion (12a) of the molding dented portion (12) so that a wall thickness of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) increases within the molding dented portion (12).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 1, wherein the guide (20) is moved by driving force of a guide driving apparatus (60).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 1, wherein "G" satisfies an equation of
where
"P" denotes an average moving speed of the punch (30) from the moving initiation thereof,
"G" denotes an average moving speed of the guide (20) from the moving initiation thereof,
"X0" denotes a buckling limit length at a cross-sectional area of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) before the upsetting,
"X" denotes an initial clearance between a tip end portion of the guide (20) and a bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) with 0≤X≤X0,
"L0" denotes a length of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) before the required for the expanded portion (4),
"Xp" denotes a stop position of the tip end portion of the punch (30) with respect to the bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) obtained from a design volume of the expanded portion (4),
"Xg" denotes a stop position of the tip end portion of the guide (20) with respect to the bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) defined by the design, and
"t0" denotes a time lag from the moving initiation of
the punch (30) to the moving initiation of the guide (20) with 0≤t0. - The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 1, wherein the guide (20) is moved by pressing-back force acting on the guide (20) generated by press-fitting the material of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) into the molding dented portion (12).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 1, wherein the tip end portion of the punch (30) is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to a cross-sectional shape of an axial end portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 1, wherein the core bar (40) is connected to the punch (30) in such a manner that the core bar (40) extends in an axial direction of the punch (30).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 6, wherein the core bar (40) is connected to the punch (30) via an extensible device (50) capable of being extended and contracted in an axial direction, and
wherein the extensible device (50) is contracted with a movement of the punch (30). - The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 1, wherein the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is expanded in a state in which the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially heated.
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 8, wherein the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially induction-heated by an induction heating means (81).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 8, therein the axial end portion of the restraining die (10) is partially induction-heated by an induction heating means (81) to thereby partially heat the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 8, wherein the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially heated into a half-molten state.
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 8, wherein the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is expanded in a state in which the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide (20) rather than the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially cooled by a cooling means (85).
- An upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1), comprising:- disposing a core bar (40) in hollow portions of a non-processing scheduled portion (3) of an axial intermediate portion of a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) and a processing scheduled portion (2) of both axial end portions of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1), to thereby restrain internal peripheral surfaces of the non-processing scheduled portion (3) and both the processing scheduled portions (2) by a peripheral surface of the core bar (40);
disposing the non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in a restraining hole (11) formed in a restraining die (10) and extended in an axial direction thereof, to thereby restrain an external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion (3) with a peripheral surface of the restraining hole (11);- disposing both the processing scheduled portions (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in molding dented portions (12) formed at both axial end portions of the restraining die (10);- disposing each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in an insertion hole (21) formed in a guide (20) and extended in the axial direction thereof; and- then, moving each guide (20) in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the punch (30) while simultaneously pressurizing each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) with the punch (30) in an axial direction to thereby outwardly expand each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) exposed between the tip end portion (20a) of each guide (20) and the corresponding bottom portion (12a) of the molding dented portion (12) so that a wall thickness of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) increases within the corresponding molding dented portion (12). - The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 13, wherein each guide (20) is moved by driving force of a corresponding guide driving apparatus (60).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 13, wherein, in at least one of guides (20) and a punch (30) corresponding to the one of guides (20), "G" satisfies an equation of
where
"P" denotes an average moving speed of the punch (30) from the moving initiation thereof,
"G" denotes an average moving speed of the guide (20) from the moving initiation thereof,
"Xo" denotes a buckling limit length at a cross-sectional area of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) before the upsetting,
"X" denotes an initial clearance between a tip end portion of the guide (20) and a bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) with 0≤x≤o,
"Lo" denotes a length of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) before the upsetting required for the expanded portion (4),
"Xp" denotes a stop position of the tip end portion of the punch (30) with respect to the bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) obtained from a design volume of the expanded portion (4),
"Xg" denotes a stop position of the tip end portion of the guide (20) with respect to the bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) defined by the design, and
"t0" denotes a time lag from the moving initiation of the punch (30) to the moving initiation of the guide (20) with 0≤t0. - The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 13, wherein each guide (20) is moved by pressing-back force acting on the guide (20) generated by press-fitting the material of the corresponding processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) into the molding dented portion (12).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 13, wherein the tip end portion of each punch (30) is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to a cross-sectional shape of a corresponding axial end portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 13, wherein the core bar (40) is, divided into divided core bar halves (40a) at the axial intermediate portion thereof, and wherein each core bar half (40a) is connected to a corresponding punch (30) with the divided core bar half (40a) extended in an axial direction of the punch (30).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 18, wherein each core bar half (40a) is connected to the corresponding punch (30) via an extensible device (50) capable of being extended and contracted in an axial direction, and wherein each extensible device (50) is contracted with a movement of the corresponding punch (30).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 13, wherein each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is expanded in a state, in which the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially heated.
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 20, wherein the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially induction-heated by an induction heating means (81).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 20, wherein both the axial end portions of the restraining die (10) are partially induction-heated by induction heating means (81) to thereby partially heat the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 20, wherein the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially heated into a half-molten state.
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 20, wherein each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is expanded in a state in which the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide (20) rather than the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially cooled by a cooling means (85).
- An upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1), comprising:- preparing a core bar (40) having a core bar main body (41) and a small diameter portion (42) formed at an axial end portion of the core bar main body (41) and smaller in diameter than the core bar main body (41);- disposing the core bar main body (41) and the small diameter portion (42) of the core bar (40) in a hollow portion of a non-processing scheduled portion (3) of a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) and a hollow portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1), respectively, to thereby restrain the internal peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion (3) by a peripheral surface of the core bar main body (41) and form a molding dented portion (12) between an internal peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion (2) and the small diameter portion (42);- disposing the processing scheduled portion (2) and the non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in a restraining hole (11) formed in a restraining die (10) and extended in ah axial direction, to thereby restrain external peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion (2) and the non-processing scheduled portion (3) by a peripheral surface of the restraining hole (11);- disposing a guide (20) in the hollow portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1), to thereby restrain the internal peripheral surface of the processing scheduled portion (2) by the peripheral surface of the guide (20); and then, moving the guide (20) in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the punch (30) while pressurizing the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) with the punch (30) in an axial direction to thereby inwardly expand the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) exposed between the tip end portion (20a) at the guide (20) and the bottom portion (12a) at the molding dented portion (12) so that a wall thickness of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) increases within the molding dented portion (12).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 25, wherein the guide (20) is moved by driving force of a guide driving apparatus (60).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 25, wherein "G" satisfies an equation of
where
"P" denotes an average moving speed of the punch (30) from the moving initiation thereof,
"G" denotes an average moving speed of the guide (20) from the moving initiation thereof,
"Xo" denotes a buckling limit length at a cross-sectional area of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) before the upsetting,
"X" denotes an initial clearance between a tip end portion of the guide (20) and a bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) with 0≤X≤X0,
"Lo" denotes a length of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) before the upsetting required for the expanded portion (4),
"Xp" denotes a stop position of the tip end portion of the punch (30) with respect to the bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) obtained from a design volume of the expanded portion (4),
"Xg" denotes a stop position of the tip end portion of the guide (20) with respect to the bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) defined by the design, and
"t0" denotes a time lag from the moving initiation of the punch (30) to the moving initiation of the guide (20) with 0≤to. - The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 25, wherein the guide (20) is moved by pressing-back force acting on the guide (20) generated by press-fitting the material of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) into the molding dented portion (12).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material) (1) as recited in claim 25, wherein the tip end portion of the punch (30) is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to a cross-sectional shape of an axial end portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 25, wherein the core bar (40) is connected to the guide (20) in such a manner that the core bar (40) extends in an axial direction of the guide (20).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 30, wherein the core bar (40) is connected to the guide (20) via an extensible device (50) capable of being extended and contracted in an axial direction, and
wherein the extensible device (50) is extended with a movement of the guide (20). - The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 25, wherein the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is expanded in a state in which the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially heated.
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 32, wherein the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially induction-heated by an induction heating means (81).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 32, wherein the axial end portion of the restraining die (10) is partially induction-heated by an induction heating means (81) to thereby partially heat the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20)
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 32, wherein the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially heated into a half-molten state.
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 32, wherein the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is expanded in a state in which the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide (20) rather than the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially cooled by a cooling means (85).
- An upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) for outwardly expanding a processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) so that a wall thickness of the processing scheduled portion (2) increases, the upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) comprising:- a core bar (40) adapted to be disposed in hollow portions of the processing scheduled portion and a non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1);- a restraining die (10) having a restraining hole (11) extended in an axial direction, wherein the non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is to be disposed in the restraining hole (11);- a molding dented portion (12) formed at an axial end portion of the restraining die (10);- a guide (20) having an insertion hole (21) extended in an axial direction, wherein the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is to be disposed in the insertion hole (21); and- a punch (30) for pressurizing the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in the axial direction,- wherein the guide (20) is movable in a direction, opposite to a moving direction of the punch (30), whereby in use the processing scheduled portion (2) at the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) exposed between the tip end portion (20a) of the guide (20) and the bottom portion (12a) of the molding dented portion (12) is outwardly expanded within the molding dented portion (12).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 37, further comprising a guide driving apparatus (60) for moving the guide (20) in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the punch (30).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 37, wherein the tip end portion of the punch (30) is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to a cross-sectional shape of an axial end portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 37, wherein the core bar (40) is connected to the punch (30) in such a manner that the core bar (40) extends in an axial direction of the punch (30).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 40, wherein the core bar (40) is connected to the punch (30) via an extensible device (50) capable of being extended and contracted in an axial direction.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 41, wherein the punch (30) is equipped with the extensible device (50) therein.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 41, wherein the extensible device (50) has a fluid pressure cylinder (51) or a spring (52) capable of being extended and contracted in an axial direction.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 37, wherein chamfering work is given to the insertion hole opening edge portion of the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 37, further comprising a heating means (80) for partially heating the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 45. wherein the heating means (80) is an induction heating means (81) configured to partially induction-heat the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 45, wherein the heating means (80) is an induction heating means (81) configured to partially induction-heat the axial end portion of the restraining die (10) to thereby partially heat the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 45, wherein the heating means (80) is capable of partially heating the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) into a half-molten state.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material(1) as recited in claim 45, further comprising a cooling means (85) configured to partially cool the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide (20) rather than the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- An upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) for outwardly expanding processing scheduled portions (2) of both axial end portions of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) so that a wall thickness of each processing scheduled portion (2) increases, the upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) comprising;- a core bar (40) adapted to be disposed in hollow portions of a non-processing scheduled portion of an axial intermediate portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) and the processing scheduled portion (2) of both axial end portions of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1);- a restraining die (10) having a restraining hole (11) extended in an axial direction, wherein the non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is to be disposed in the restraining hole (11);- two molding dented portions (12) formed at axial both end portions of the restraining die (10);- two guides (20) each having an insertion hole (21) extended in an axial direction, wherein each processing scheduled portion (21) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is to be disposed in the insertion hole (21); and- two punches (30) each for pressurizing each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in the axial direction,- wherein each guide (20) is movable in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the punch (30), whereby in use each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) exposed between the tip end portion (20a) of each guide (20) and the corresponding bottom portion (12a) of the molding dented portion (12) is outwardly exapanded with in the molding dented portion (12).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 50, further comprising two guide driving apparatuses (60) each for moving the corresponding guide (20) in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the punch (30).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 50, wherein the tip end portion of each punch (30) is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to a cross-sectional shape of a corresponding axial end portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 50, wherein the core bar (40) is divided into divided core bar halves (40a) at the axial intermediate portion thereof, and
wherein each core bar half (40a) is connected to a corresponding punch (30) with the divided core bar half (40a) extended in an axial direction of the punch (30). - The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 53, wherein each core bar half (40a) is connected to the corresponding punch (30) via an extensible device (50) capable of being extended and contracted in an axial direction.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 54, wherein each punch (30) is equipped with the corresponding extensible device (50) therein.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 54, wherein the extensible device (50) has a fluid pressure cylinder (51) or a spring (52) capable of being extended and contracted in an axial direction.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material(1) as recited in claim 50, wherein chamfering work is given to the insertion hole opening edge portion of the tip end portion of each guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 50, further comprising two heating meant (80) each for partially heating the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 58, wherein each heating means (80) is an induction healing means (81) configured to partially induction-heat the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 58, wherein each heating means (80) is an induction heating means (81) configured to partially induction-heat both the axial end portions of the restraining die (10) to thereby partially heat the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 58, wherein each heating means (80) is capable of partially heating the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) into a half-molten state.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 58, further comprising two cooling means (85) each configured to partially cool the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide (20) rather than the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- An upsetting apparatus (1A, 18, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) for inwardly expanding a processing scheduled portion (2) of a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) so that a wall thickness increases, the upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) comprising:- a core bar (40) having a core bar main body (41) and a small diameter portion (42) formed at an axial end portion of the core bar main body (41) and smaller in diameter than the core bar main body (41), wherein the core bar main body (41) and the small diameter portion (42) are adapted to be disposed in a hollow portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) and a hollow portion of a non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1), respectively, to thereby form a molding dented portion (12) between an internal peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion (3) and the small diameter portion (42);- a restraining die (10) having a restraining hole (11) extended in an axial direction, wherein the processing scheduled portion (2) and the non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) are to be disposed in the restraining hole (11);- a guide (20) to be disposed in the hollow portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material, (1); and- a punch (30) configured to pressurize the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in an axial direction,- wherein the guide (20) is movable in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the punch (30), whereby in use the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) exposed between the tip end portion (20a) of the guide (20) and the bottom portion (12a) of the molding dented portion (12) is inwardly expanded within the molding portion (12).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow, cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 63, further comprising a guide deriving apparatus (60) for moving the guide (20) in a direction apposite to the moving direction of the punch (30).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 63, wherein the tip end portion of the punch (30) is forced into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to a cross-sectional shape of an axial end portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 63, wherein the guide (20) is disposed in a hollow portion formed in the punch (30) and extended in an axial direction in a manner such that the guide (20) is movable in an axial direction of the punch (30).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 63, wherein the core bar (40) is connected to the guide (20) in such a manner that the core bar (40) extends in an axial direction of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 67, wherein the core bar (40) is connected to the guide (20) via an extensible device (50) capable of being extended and contracted in an axial direction.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 68, wherein the guide (20) is equipped with the extensible device (50) therein.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 68, wherein the extensible device (50) has a fluid pressure cylinder (51) or a spring (52) capable of being extended and contracted in an axial direction.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 63, wherein chamfering work is given to a peripheral edge portion of a tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 63, further comprising a heating means (80) for partially heating the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1), as recited in claim 72, wherein the heating means (80) is an induction heating means (81) configured to partially induction-heat the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) .
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 72, wherein the heating means (80) is an induction heating means (81) configured to partially induction-heat the axial end portion of the restraining die (10) to thereby partially heat the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 72, wherein the heating means (80) is capable of partially heating the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) into a half-molten state.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow, cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 72, further comprising a cooling means (85) configured to partially cool the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide (20) rather than the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- An upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1), comprising:- filling hollow portions of a processing scheduled portion (2) and a non-processing scheduled portion (3) of a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) with pressure fluid, to thereby pressurize and restrain internal peripheral surfaces of the processing scheduled portion (2) and the non-processing scheduled portion (3) with the fluide pressure;- disposing the non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in a restraining hole (11) formed in a restraining die (10) and extended in an axial direction, to thereby restrain an external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion (3) with a peripheral surface of the restraining hole (11) ;- disposing the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in a molding dented portion (12) formed at an axial end portion of the restraining die (10);- disposing the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in an insertion hole (21) formed in a guide (20) and extended in an axial direction;- then, moving the guide (20) in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the punch (30) while pressurizing the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) with the punch (30) in an axial direction to thereby outwardly expand the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) exposed between the tip end portion (20a) of the guide (20) and the bottom portion (12a) of the molding dented portion (12) so that a wall thickness of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) increases within the molding dented portion (12).
- An upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 77, wherein the guide (20) is moved by driving force of a guide driving apparatus (60).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 77, wherein "G" satisfies an equation of
where
"P" denotes an average moving speed of the punch (30) from the moving initiation thereof,
"G" denotes an average moving speed of the guide (20) from the moving initiation thereof,
"X0" denotes a buckling limit length at a cross-sectional area of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) before the upsetting,
"X" denotes an initial clearance between a tip end portion of the guide (20) and a bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) with 0≤X≤X0,
"L0" denotes a length of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) before the upsetting required for the expanded portion (4),
"Xp" denotes a stop position of the tip end portion of the punch (30) with respect to the bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) obtained from a design volume of the expanded portion (4),
"Xg" denotes a stop position of the tip end portion of the guide (20) with respect to the bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) defined by the design, and
"t0" denotes a time lag from the moving initiation of the punch (30) to the moving initiation of the guide (20) with 0≤t0. - The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 77, wherein the guide (20) is moved by pressing-back force acting on the guide (20) generated by press-fitting the material of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) into the molding dented portion (12).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 77, wherein the tip end portion of the punch (30) is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to a cross-sectional, shape of an axial end portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 77, wherein the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is expanded in a state in which the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially heated.
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 82, wherein the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially induction-heated by an induction heating means (81).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 82, wherein the axial end portion of the restraining die (10) is partially induction-heated by an induction heating means (81) to thereby partially heat the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 82, wherein the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially heated into a half-molten state.
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 82, wherein the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is expanded in a state in which the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide (20) rather than the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially cooled by a cooling means (85).
- An upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1), comprising:- filling hollow portions of a non-processing scheduled portion of an axial intermediate portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) and a processing scheduled portion (2) of both axial end portions of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) with pressure fluid, to thereby pressurize and retrain internal peripheral surfaces of both the processing scheduled portion (2) and the non-processing scheduled portion (3) with the fluid pressure;- disposing the non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in a retraining hole (11) formed in a restraining die (10) and extended in an axial direction, to thereby restrain an external peripheral surface of the non-processing scheduled portion (3) with a peripheral surface of the restraining hole (11);- disposing both the processing scheduled portions (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in molding dented portions (12) formed at both axial end portions of the restraining die (10);- disposing each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in an insertion hole (21) formed in a guide (20) and extended in an axial direction;- then, moving each guide (20) in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the punch (30) while simultaneously pressurizing each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) with the punch (30) in an axial direction to thereby outwardly expand each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) exposed between the tip end portion (20a) of each guide (20) and the corresponding bottom portion (12a) of the molding dented portion (12) so that a wall thickness of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) increases within the corresponding molding dented portion (12).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 87, wherein each guide (20) is moved by driving force of a corresponding guide driving apparatus (60).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 87, wherein, in at least one of guides (20) and a punch (30) corresponding to the one of guides (20), "G" satisfies an equation of
where
"P" denotes an average moving speed of the punch (30) from the moving initiation thereof,
"G" denotes an average moving speed of the guide (20) from the moving initiation thereof,
"X0" denotes a buckling limit length at a cross-sectional area of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) before the upsetting,
"X" denotes an initial clearance between a tip end portion of the guide (20) and a bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) with 0≤X≤X0,
"L0" denotes a length of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) before the upsetting required for the expanded portion (4),
"Xp" denotes a stop position of the tip end portion of the punch (30) with respect to the bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) obtained from a design volume of the expanded portion (4),
"Xg" denotes a stop position of the tip end portion of the guide (20) with respect to the bottom portion of the molding dented portion (12) defined by the design, and
"t0" denotes a time lag from the moving initiation of the punch (30) to the moving initiation of the guide (20) with 0≤t0. - The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 87, wherein each guide (20) is moved by pressing-back force acting on the guide (20) generated by press-fitting the material of the corresponding processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) into the molding dented portion (12).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 87, wherein the tip end portion of each punch (30) is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to a cross-sectional shape of a corresponding axial end portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 87, wherein each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is expanded in a state in which the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially heated.
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 92, wherein the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially induction-heated by an induction heating means (81).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim wherein both the axial end portions of the restraining die (10) are partially induction-heated by induction heating means (81) to thereby partially heat the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 92, wherein the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially heated into a half-molten state.
- The upsetting method for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 92, wherein each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is expanded in a state in which the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide (20) rather than the tip end portion of the guide (20) is partially cooled by a cooling means (85).
- An upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) for outwardly expanding a processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) so that a wall thickness of the processing scheduled portion (2) increases, the upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) comprising:- a pressure fluid filling means (90) configured to fill hollow portions of a processing scheduled portion (2) and a non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) witch pressure fluid;- a restraining die (10) having a restraining hole (11) extended in an axial direction, wherein the non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is to be disposed in the restraining hole (11);- a molding dented portion (12) formed in an axial, end portion of the restraining die (10);- a guide (20) having an insertion hole (21) extended in an axial direction, wherein the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is to be disposed in the insertion hole (21); and- a punch (30) for pressurizing the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in the axial direction,- wherein the guide (20) is movable in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the punch (30), whereby in use the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) exposed between the tip end portion (20a) of the guide (20) and the bottom portion (12a) of the molding dented portion (12) is outwardly expanded within the molding dented portion (12).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 97, further comprising a guide driving apparatus (60) for moving the guide (20) in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the punch (30).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 97, wherein the tip end portion of the punch (30) is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to a cross-sectional shape of an axial end portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 97, therein chamfering work is given to the insertion hole opening edge portion of the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 97, further comprising a heating means (80) for partially heating the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material 1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 101; wherein the heating means (80) is an induction heating means (81) configured to partially induction-heat the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 101, wherein the heating means (80) is an induction heating means (81) configured to partially induction-heat the axial end portion of the restraining die (10) to thereby partially heat the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 101, wherein the heating means (80) is capable of partially heating the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) into a half-molten state.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 101, further comprising a cooling means (85) configured to partially cool the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide (20) rather than the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- An upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) for outwardly expanding processing scheduled portions (2) of both axial end portions of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) so that a wall thickness of each processing scheduled portion (2) increases, the upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) comprising:- a pressure fluid filling means (90) configured to fill hollow portions of a non-processing scheduled portion (3) of an axial intermediate portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) and processing scheduled portions (2) of both axial end portions of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) with pressure fluid;- a restraining die (10) having a restraining hole (11) extended in an axial direction, wherein the non-processing scheduled portion (3) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is to be disposed in the restraining hole (11);- two molding dented portions (12) formed at both axial end portions of the restraining die (10);- two guides (20) each having an insertion hole (21) extended in an axial direction, wherein each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) is to be disposed in the insertion hole (21); and- two punches (30) each for pressurizing each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) in the axial direction,- wherein each guide (20) is movable in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the punch (30), whereby in use each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) exposed between the tip end portion (20a) of each guide (20) and the corresponding bottom portion (12a) of the molding dented portion (12) is outwardly expanded within the molding dented portion (12).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 106, further comprising two guide driving apparatuses (60) each for moving the corresponding guide (20) in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the punch (30).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 106, wherein the tip end portion of each punch (30) is formed into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to a cross-sectional shape of a corresponding axial end portion of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 106, wherein chamfering work is given to the insertion hole opening edge portion of the tip end portion of each guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 106, further comprising two heating means (80) each for partially heating the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 110, wherein each heating means (80) is an induction heating means (81) configured to partially induction-heat the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 110, wherein each heating means (80) is an induction heating means (81) configured to partially induction-heat both the axial end portions of the restraining die (10) to thereby partially heat the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20).
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 110, wherein each heating means (80) is capable of partially heating the portion of the processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide (20) into a half-molten state.
- The upsetting apparatus (1A, 1B, 1C) for a hollow cylindrical raw material (1) as recited in claim 110, further comprising two cooling means (85) each configured to partially cool the portion of each processing scheduled portion (2) of the hollow cylindrical raw material (1) corresponding to the portion of the basal end side of the guide (20) rather than the tip end portion of the guide (20).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005024164 | 2005-01-31 | ||
US64955205P | 2005-02-04 | 2005-02-04 | |
PCT/JP2006/301473 WO2006080503A1 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-01-30 | Method and device for upsetting cylindrical material |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1844875A1 EP1844875A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
EP1844875A4 EP1844875A4 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
EP1844875B1 true EP1844875B1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
EP1844875B9 EP1844875B9 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP06712616A Not-in-force EP1844875B9 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-01-30 | Method and device for upsetting cylindrical material |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP1844875B9 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20070103409A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006080503A1 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2008119734A (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-29 | Showa Denko Kk | Method for upsetting cylindrical base stock |
US9457394B2 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2016-10-04 | Magna International Inc. | Method and system for upsetting hollow members |
JP5984974B2 (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-09-06 | インター精工株式会社 | Metal pipe forming apparatus and metal pipe forming method |
EP3345694B1 (en) | 2017-01-05 | 2024-05-22 | FELSS Systems GmbH | Method and device for locally thickening a hollow body |
GB201707896D0 (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-06-28 | Rolls Royce Plc | Forging apparatus and method |
JP6860947B1 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-04-21 | 中川特殊鋼株式会社 | Manufacturing method of stepped hollow shaft and manufacturing method of motor shaft |
FR3133773B1 (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2024-03-22 | Aubert & Duval Sa | Method and installation for manufacturing an elongated intermediate part by hot forging |
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JPH05337587A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1993-12-21 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for forging stepped tube |
JP2001276950A (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2001-10-09 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Forging apparatus |
JP2003053470A (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-02-26 | Ohbayashi Corp | Forming equipment and forming method for steel plate material |
JP2003205337A (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-07-22 | Dai Ichi High Frequency Co Ltd | Local thickening method and device for metallic tube |
JP3793918B2 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2006-07-05 | 株式会社月星製作所 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing headed parts |
JP2004001052A (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2004-01-08 | Nippon Steel Corp | Hydro-formed working method for increasing thickness |
JP2005000951A (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2005-01-06 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Hydraulic bulging method and device, and bulge article |
-
2006
- 2006-01-30 KR KR1020077017567A patent/KR20070103409A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-01-30 EP EP06712616A patent/EP1844875B9/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-01-30 WO PCT/JP2006/301473 patent/WO2006080503A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1844875A4 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
EP1844875B9 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
WO2006080503A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
KR20070103409A (en) | 2007-10-23 |
EP1844875A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
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