CN103624482A - Method for forming whole axle housing of automobile drive axle - Google Patents
Method for forming whole axle housing of automobile drive axle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103624482A CN103624482A CN201210298021.7A CN201210298021A CN103624482A CN 103624482 A CN103624482 A CN 103624482A CN 201210298021 A CN201210298021 A CN 201210298021A CN 103624482 A CN103624482 A CN 103624482A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- steel pipe
- axle housing
- spindle nose
- drive axle
- axle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
- B60B35/12—Torque-transmitting axles
- B60B35/16—Axle housings
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for forming a whole axle housing of an automobile drive axle. The method comprises the steps that a steel tube processed through medium-frequency non-oxidation induction heating is squeezed, upset and pulled to reach the size and shape needed by a spindle nose; a groove is formed in the middle of the steel tube; the steel tube is placed into a lead groove in a drive axle housing Pipa hole forming device and locked; two hydraulic pumps are started to exert axial pressure to the two ends of the steel tube, so that the middle (with the smaller section) of the axle tube is in the deformation critical state; a guide column moves downwards and damages the balance of the axial force of the middle of the axle tube, and radial component force is generated and enables materials of the middle of the axle tube to expand and extend outwards to reach the preset size. According to the method for forming the whole axle housing of the automobile drive axle, the production process is simple and easy to operate, the axle housing does not directly penetrate through a weld joint and does not need spindle nose welding, the problems of axle housing deformation and oil leakage are solved, the heat treatment hardening and tempering technology is adopted, the general mechanical performance of the axle housing materials is improved, the strength and stiffness of the axle housing are improved, and the bearing property, reliability and fatigue durability of the axle housing are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of manufacturing technology and equipment of automobile drive axle housing.Exactly, be that a kind of rolling, extruding, expansion of banjo axle of automobile drive axle ground, the processing method of pulling technology, belong to shape substantially without machining field shaping technique.
Technical background
The axle housing of automobile drive axle is one of main bearing carrier of automobile.Drive axle is positioned at the end of power train, its basic function is to increase by power transmission shaft or direct torque of being transmitted by speed changer, by torque distribution to left and right sidesing driving wheel, and make left and right sidesing driving wheel there is the desired differential function of running car kinematics, meanwhile, drive axle also will bear vertical force, longitudinal force and the moment thereof acting between road surface and vehicle frame or monocoque body.Therefore, the axle housing of drive axle is the critical component that guarantees the normal operation of automobile.There are higher requirement the reliability of axle housing, economic life to its mechanical strength, rigidity and fatigue performance.In general vehicle structure, drive axle comprises main reducing gear, differential mechanism, the parts (Fig. 1) such as the transmission device of drive axle and axle housing.At present, Drive axle housing both domestic and external is produced, and by the difference of its manufacturing process, can be divided into " casting bridge shell " (Fig. 2) " steel plate punched welding axle housing " (Fig. 3) " spindle nose formula axle housing is welded in steel pipe expansion " (Fig. 4) three kinds.Doing respectively one below simply introduces.
1, cast type axle housing: conventionally adopt spheroidal graphite cast-iron, malleable cast iron or cast steel.With the method for casting, manufacture axle housing blank, then carry out machining and complete product.For further improving its strength and stiffness, the two ends of cast type axle housing are pressed into longer seamless steel pipe and fix as axle tube and with pin.The major advantage of casting bridge shell: can be made into complexity and desirable shape, wall thickness can change, and can obtain desirable stress distribution, and its intensity and rigidity are better, reliable operation.Therefore, at axle housing, bear in the heavy goods vehicles that load is larger, be suitable for adopting this structure.Especially engineering truck, its driving axle housing load is very heavy, mostly uses the monolithic construction of cast steel.Compare with steel plate stamping weldering formula axle housing and steel pipe expansion welding spindle nose formula axle housing, the major defect of cast type axle housing is: castability is wayward, and percent defective is high; Product weight is large, energy consumption is large, contaminated environment; Machined surface is many, and manufacturing process is complicated.Therefore, current cast type axle housing is only for load large heavy-duty car engineering truck and offroad vehicle.
2, steel plate punched welded type axle housing: steel plate punched welded type axle case assy as shown in Figure 3: be to be raw material by mild steel steel plate (16Mn), cut out respectively half shell that punching press (cold moudling or hot-forming) becomes upper and lower two same structures, two halves shell is welded together and becomes axle housing main body, burn-ons respectively with the spindle nose of " flange " and spring perch in two ends.The feature of this process is: from heavy and light, compare with casting bridge shell, weight can reduce 15-22%; Also there is large, the yielding defect of bonding area in this axle housing.Although adopt several different methods to eliminate stress, effect is undesirable, automobile heavy-load or while travelling on rugged and rough road, axle housing is easily out of shape, leakage of oil, causes axle housing to scrap.Therefore, in heavy goods vehicles field, should not adopt steel plate stamping weldering axle housing, and be widely adopted on light-duty, medium truck.
3, steel pipe expansion welding spindle nose formula axle housing: steel pipe expansion welding spindle nose formula axle housing adopts the seamless square tube of 16Mn, fluting in the middle of 160*160, and by the process that rolls expansion, make Chinese lute hole forming, square tube two ends cold-extruded is pressed into pipe, then with spindle nose welding.Steel pipe expansion welding spindle nose formula axle housing and steel plate stamping weld the axle housing quality of comparing great changes, although weight is similar with welding axle housing, but intensity and toughness has improved a lot, again because there is no the perforation welding of steel plate stamping weldering axle housing, product internal stress is corresponding minimizing also, improved axle housing integrated carrying ability, in the use of medium-duty truck, well, heavy goods vehicles field does not adopt yet because of various reasons in reflection.Comprising: boxing spindle nose, stress still exist, and 16Mn material cannot improve its rigidity, intensity with heat-treating methods, cannot reach the technical indicator of heavy goods vehicles.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of production craft step simple, easily operation, axle housing does not have directly to connect the forming method that weld seam does not need the automobile drive axle integral housing of spindle nose welding.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the method comprises following operation:
draw materials: getting seamless steel pipe is the base material of preparing automobile drive axle integral housing;
chinese lute hole forming: the steel pipe of two ends band spindle nose (being bridge tube) is placed in the helical pitch groove of Drive axle housing Chinese lute hole forming equipment, locking, start two hydraulic pumps with the axial precompression 200 ± 20T of oil cylinder, two ends to the steel pipe of two ends band spindle nose applies axial compressive force, make the critical condition of bridge tube middle part (part that cross section is less) in distortion, guide pillar moves down and has destroyed axially equilibrium of forces of bridge tube middle part, and produced radial component, radial load makes the material at bridge tube middle part extend to external expansion, to preliminary dimension.
Operation of the present invention
in get hot rolled seamless steel tube 20Mn2, full-length is 2200mm.
Operation of the present invention also comprises integral housing heat treatment step: will be from operation
the steel pipe of two ends band spindle nose heat-treat modified: part enters quenching heating furnace 60 minutes, and temperature rises to 890 ℃-900 ℃, is incubated 60 minutes, 870 ℃-880 ℃ of temperature.Coming out of the stove quenches heats, and quenches, and temperature is down to 200 ℃, and the cool time is 2 minutes, and the part after quenching enters tempering heating furnace, and within 60 minutes, heating-up temperature rises to 580 ℃-600 ℃ by 200 ℃, continues insulation 120 minutes, comes out of the stove air-cooled to 230 ℃-210 ℃.
Heat treatment quenching and tempering method of the present invention is 870 ℃ of quenchings, 590 ℃ of tempering.
The present invention is the institutional framework crystal grain thinning that improves axle housing material, improves the ultimate strength of axle housing, improves bending resistance, for heavy vehicle axle housing loss of weight lays the first stone.The present invention has adopted first heat treatment step in whole Drive axle housing operation, and one of just comprehensive bending resistance, can alleviate axle housing weight 10% left and right with welded bridge comparison, can loss of weight 25-30% if compare with casting bridge shell.
The general high temperature and high pressure method that adopts of traditional metal material cutting, such as acetylene cutting, plasma cutting, line cutting (electric spark) etc., metal material surface after cutting can form the later stage processing and forming that quench-hardened case (referring to high-carbon, alloy material) is unfavorable for metal material, as take manual polishing cleaning case hardness layer, can cause noise dust pollution.Surface roughness is large, has still affected product quality.For this reason, the present invention has adopted the water cutter cutting means of latest domestic.The materials microstructure that can guarantee thus quality adjustment condition is stable, without surface cutting sclerosis (state) layer, provides the tissue before Material Physics distortion to prepare, and during distortion, can not produce because surface has rigidity layer be full of cracks, fried mouth phenomenon.The technique of having cancelled manual polishing cleaning case hardness layer has reduced dust, noise, pollution.
Chinese lute hole forming principle of the present invention: the pressure (conclusion (of pressure testing)) that bridge tube two ends apply 200T makes bridge tube middle part (part that cross section is less) critical condition in distortion, guide pillar moves down and has destroyed axially equilibrium of forces of bridge tube middle part, and produced radial component, radial load makes the material at bridge tube middle part extend to external expansion, utilize the feature of metal material resilient plastic distortion and the ability of refresh memory, make bridge tube shape and A-B(A '-B ' in Fig. 9) similar, it is the circular arc of R that the square tube outer wall natural torsion of point-to-point transmission becomes radius.And meet the shaped position requirement on drawing.Bridge casing lute holes forming process is square tube cold extrusion expansion process, and the metallographic structure of material is corresponding in distortion, and displacement also occurred, and organizes relatively closelyr, and after ultimate deformation, material has produced again work hardening, impels the raising of comprehensive mechanical performance.Guiding technique processing method, only has mould bases, and wedge module and without external mold, reduced manufacturing cost facilitates easy to operate.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
production craft step is simple, easily operation, and axle housing does not directly connect weld seam not to be needed and spindle nose welding, has solved axle housing distortion and Leakage.
production process do not pollute, energy-conservation, material-saving, low-carbon emission reduction.
in the manufacture of driving axle housing, adopted first heat treatment quenching and tempering technique, improved the comprehensive mechanical performance of axle housing material, for automobile loss of weight is energy-conservation, laid a good foundation.
increase the strength and stiffness of axle housing, effectively raised the bearing capacity of axle housing and the reliability of travelling and fatigue durability on crankcase ventilaton, broken through the limitation that Driving Axle On Heavy-duty shell must be used casting technique.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the drive axle of prior art.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the cast type axle housing of prior art.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the steel plate punched welded type axle housing of prior art.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the steel pipe expansion welding spindle nose formula axle housing of prior art.
Fig. 5 is automobile drive axle integral housing schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the spindle nose shaping machine structure schematic diagram of integral housing moulding.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of Drive axle housing Chinese lute hole forming machine.
Fig. 8 is the preparation sketch of Drive axle housing Chinese lute hole forming machine.
Fig. 9 is the duty sketch of Drive axle housing Chinese lute hole forming machine.
Figure 10 is inclined disc type constant speed mold mechanism schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Figure 1 shows that the drive axle structure schematic diagram of prior art.
Figure 2 shows that the cast type axle housing structure schematic diagram of prior art.
Figure 3 shows that the steel plate punched welded type axle housing structure schematic diagram of prior art.
Figure 4 shows that the structural representation of the steel pipe expansion welding spindle nose formula axle housing of prior art.
Figure 5 shows that automobile drive axle integral housing schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 6 shows that the spindle nose forming machine of forming method of the present invention integral housing moulding used, in main spindle box 5, there is Large Diameter Pipeline main shaft 4, main shaft 4 is for inserting steel pipe to be processed 3, on the lathe bed 6 at main shaft 5 two ends, there is slide rail, on two hydraulic thrust casees 1 and die box 2 dresses and slide rail, the axis of two die box 2 is coaxial with steel pipe to be processed 3.Main shaft 4 in main spindle box 5 connects firmly with transmission system end gear wheel, is useful on the clamping device that clamps steel pipe 3 to be processed in main shaft 4 holes.
Fig. 7 is driving axle housing Chinese lute hole forming machine.On lathe bed, there are three operating cylinders Chinese character pin-shaped distribution, wherein on the same axis of same level, there are two left axial force oil cylinder 9, the right axial force oil cylinders 10 of work relatively, above 90 ° of central vertical with same axis, there is a guide post oil cylinder 7 working alone, helical pitch device 8 is housed on lathe bed workbench, and helical pitch device 8 horizontal length directions have helical pitch groove.The effect of helical pitch groove: control steel pipe to be processed under the effect of left axial force oil cylinder 9, right axial force oil cylinder 10, can only move axially along helical pitch groove, on helical pitch device 8, there is locking device 12, two relatively left axial force oil cylinder 9, the right axial force oil cylinders 10 of work be loaded on helical pitch device 8 two ends, left axial force oil cylinder 9, the axis of right axial force oil cylinder 10 and the helical pitch groove center line of helical pitch device 8 on same straight line.There is a square three-way groove in the central authorities of helical pitch device 8, and guide post 11 is loaded on guide post oil cylinder 7 and corresponding in square three-way groove.
In Fig. 8, on helical pitch device 8, having locking device 12,11 is guide post.3 is steel pipe to be processed.
In Fig. 9,8 is helical pitch device, and 11 is guide post.3 is steel pipe to be processed.
In Figure 10, die box 13 is arranged on the guide shaft of lathe body, die box 13 1 sides are equipped with and promote the oil cylinder 17 that die box moves horizontally along guide shaft, die box 13 bottoms are provided with circular cone type swash plate 14 by oil cylinder side, circular cone type swash plate 14 is provided with the swash plate bearing that equidistant ring distributes, and die box 13 opposite sides have casing bearing, and cone-shaped roll 15 one end are radiation and are placed on swash plate bearing, the other end is placed in casing bearing, and forms conical cavity in die box 13 casings.Can be for inserting steel pipe 3 to be processed in conical cavity.
Method of the present invention comprises following operation.
1, bridge tube rolling spindle nose
1. prepare hot rolled seamless steel tube 20Mn2 full-length.
2. intermediate frequency non-oxidation eddy-current heating is 1500 ℃, and thermograde is distributed control.
3. self-feeding is to main shaft inner chamber, and location, clamping rotate with main shaft.
4. mould enters hot rolled seamless steel tube two axial ends along track (axis), to hot rolled seamless steel tube push, jumping-up, pulling be to determining size shape (spindle nose).
5. mould is retracted into starting point.
6. main shaft stops operating, and unclamps clamping device, and steel pipe discharging device is pushed into hopper by the complete two ends of rolling with the steel pipe of spindle nose.
2, the pipe side of pushing away
The circular middle body of the steel pipe of two ends band spindle nose is become to square tube by rolled by cold rolling machine, square tube size 160*160.
3, integral housing heat treatment step: 1. the continous way chain planker of artificial loading-2. by workpiece send into the soak zones of 900 ℃ of machining area-60 minute heating-be 3. heated to 870 ℃ of times be 60 minutes-4. quench enter quenching tank-be 5. pushed into continous way melt down put into be heated to 600 ℃-be 6. incubated to 580 ℃, temperature retention time be 120 minutes-be 7. quickly cooled to 230 ℃ of times be 60 minutes-8. discharge pedestal operation finishes.
4, square tube fluting working procedure: the square tube of 1. square tube alignment (straightener)-2. manually places on water cutter workbench special fixture-3. water cutter is opened standardization program-4. cut 100mm ∕ minute-5. manual, square tube Rotate 180 °-6. repeat 7. complete, the manual cleaning of square tube fluting of water cutter program cutting speed.
5, Chinese lute hole forming
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of process and equipment of Drive axle housing Chinese lute hole forming, " the cold expansion moulding process in guiding Chinese lute hole " as shown in Figure 7.
Working procedure: artificial loading to-hoistable platform-by steel pipe to be processed 3-be placed in helical pitch groove-penetrate in groove-axial compressive force edge under lead effect of artificial axial precompression 200T-startups of locking-primer fluid press pump-oil cylinder lead-lead is managed outer wall and is radially flared to preliminary dimension-shift out lead-open locking device-hoistable platform the axle housing of moulding is ejected to helical pitch device-manual cleaning.
6, welding set square reinforcing ring
After this operation is identical with press welding axle housing, welding auxiliary, processing Chinese lute hole tapping.
Claims (4)
1. a forming method for automobile drive axle integral housing, is characterized in that: the method comprises following operation
intermediate frequency non-oxidation eddy-current heating: above-mentioned steel pipe is put into induction heater, 1100 ℃-1250 ℃ of equipment intermediate frequency non-oxidation eddy-current heating, eddy-current heating beat is 3-4 minute;
2. according to the forming method of automobile drive axle integral housing described in claims 1, it is characterized in that: described operation
in to get seamless steel pipe be hot rolled seamless steel tube 20Mn2, full-length is 2200mm.
3. according to the forming method of automobile drive axle integral housing described in claims 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise integral housing heat treatment step: will be from operation
the steel pipe of two ends band spindle nose heat-treat modified: part enters quenching heating furnace 60 minutes, and temperature rises to 890 ℃-900 ℃, is incubated 60 minutes, 870 ℃-880 ℃ of temperature; Coming out of the stove quenches heats, and quenches, and temperature is down to 200 ℃, and the cool time is 2 minutes, and the part after quenching enters tempering heating furnace, and within 60 minutes, heating-up temperature rises to 580 ℃-600 ℃ by 200 ℃, continues insulation 120 minutes, comes out of the stove air-cooled to 230 ℃-210 ℃.
4. according to the forming method of automobile drive axle integral housing described in claims 3, it is characterized in that: described heat treatment quenching and tempering method is 870 ℃ of quenchings, 590 ℃ of tempering.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210298021.7A CN103624482B (en) | 2012-08-21 | 2012-08-21 | A kind of forming method of automobile drive axle integral housing |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210298021.7A CN103624482B (en) | 2012-08-21 | 2012-08-21 | A kind of forming method of automobile drive axle integral housing |
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| CN103624482A true CN103624482A (en) | 2014-03-12 |
| CN103624482B CN103624482B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105563052A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-05-11 | 江苏福坛车桥科技股份有限公司 | Method for integrally forming driving axle housing |
| CN106424528A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-02-22 | 北京机电研究所 | Forming method and forming device for axle head of driving axle housing |
| CN107009147A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-08-04 | 江苏福坛车桥科技有限公司 | A kind of Drive axle housing is integrally formed equipment |
| CN108160857A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-15 | 闫永东 | A kind of automobile axle housing |
| CN110802374A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-18 | 吉林大学 | Manufacturing method of variable cross-section automobile driving axle housing |
| CN111745355A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-10-09 | 丁海英 | Integrated axle body machining process |
| CN111992982A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-11-27 | 孙振会 | Automatic method for forming integral drive axle |
| CN111992983A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-11-27 | 孙振会 | Trailer axle forming automation method |
| CN112643301A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-13 | 河南凤宝重工科技有限公司 | Driving axle housing blank and manufacturing method thereof |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105563052A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-05-11 | 江苏福坛车桥科技股份有限公司 | Method for integrally forming driving axle housing |
| CN105563052B (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2018-06-26 | 江苏福坛车桥科技有限公司 | A kind of driving axle housing integral forming method |
| CN106424528A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-02-22 | 北京机电研究所 | Forming method and forming device for axle head of driving axle housing |
| CN106424528B (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-01-16 | 北京机电研究所 | The former of driving axle housing spindle nose |
| CN107009147A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-08-04 | 江苏福坛车桥科技有限公司 | A kind of Drive axle housing is integrally formed equipment |
| CN108160857A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-15 | 闫永东 | A kind of automobile axle housing |
| CN111992982A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-11-27 | 孙振会 | Automatic method for forming integral drive axle |
| CN111992983A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-11-27 | 孙振会 | Trailer axle forming automation method |
| CN110802374A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-18 | 吉林大学 | Manufacturing method of variable cross-section automobile driving axle housing |
| CN110802374B (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2022-01-21 | 吉林大学 | Manufacturing method of variable cross-section automobile driving axle housing |
| CN111745355A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-10-09 | 丁海英 | Integrated axle body machining process |
| CN112643301A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-13 | 河南凤宝重工科技有限公司 | Driving axle housing blank and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN103624482B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
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