CN103252404A - Integral forming method of weldless axle housing of heavy truck - Google Patents
Integral forming method of weldless axle housing of heavy truck Download PDFInfo
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- CN103252404A CN103252404A CN2013101913366A CN201310191336A CN103252404A CN 103252404 A CN103252404 A CN 103252404A CN 2013101913366 A CN2013101913366 A CN 2013101913366A CN 201310191336 A CN201310191336 A CN 201310191336A CN 103252404 A CN103252404 A CN 103252404A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integral forming method of a weldless axle housing of a heavy truck. According to the method, reversed central spindle necking is carried out on two sides of the axle housing first, then hydro-bugling is carried out on the middle of the axle housing to obtain a bulging tube blank with sizes of two sides of the axis different, and then necking is carried out on two ends of the axle housing to obtain a preformed tube blank; ends of the preformed tube blank are sealed by a left pressure head and a right pressure head of a die and liquid is filled in the axle housing on a four-way hydraulic machine, integral press-forming is carried out on the preformed tube blank from the upper side, the lower side, the front side and the back side through an upper module, a lower module, a front module and a back module to obtain an axle housing tube fitting, a hemispherical rear oil cap is arranged on the rear side of an axle package part, and the front side of the axle package part is a plane; a round hole is punched in the front side of the axle package, the rear oil cap is reshaped with a stamping die, and then an axle housing workpiece is obtained. The heavy truck axle housing manufactured with the method is weldless, high in strength and rigidity, high in shape accuracy, good in wall thickness distribution, and low in manufacturing cost. Compared with a traditional hydro-bugling technique, the method has the advantages that liquid pressure needed in a manufacturing process is reduced by more than 60% and the tonnage of forming equipment is reduced by more than 50%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of field of automobile, particularly relate to the integral forming method that a kind of heavy truck does not have the weld seam axle housing.
Background technology
Automobile drive axle housing is one of main bearing carrier on the automobile, geometry is comparatively complicated, and it is the assembling matrix of main reducing gear, differential mechanism, semiaxis, and main function is the supporting vehicle weight, bear the road surface counter-force and the countertorque that are transmitted by wheel, and pass to vehicle frame or vehicle body through suspension.Its performance directly influences security and the reliability of haulage vehicle, should have enough strength and stiffness, and requires to reduce quality to improve the ride comfort of running car as far as possible.At present, the heavy truck axle housing mainly adopts casting and stamping welding method manufacturing, and the casting bridge shell intensity and toughness is big, and Thickness Distribution is good, but parts quality is big, and pollution is arranged in the production.The press welding axle housing quality is light, stable manufacturing process, but stock utilization is low, and the product weld seam is long, and the commissure is low fatigue life, the commissure easy oil leakage.
Accompanying drawing 1, Fig. 2 are the structure chart of certain heavy truck rear driving axle press welding axle housing, by two axle housing lamellar bodies up and down, about eight stamping parts such as four triangle backing plates, back oil cap, stiffening ring be welded, oil cap is shaft spherical crown shape thereafter, the inboard φ d of cylindrical section
zThe hole aiding support bearing of main reducing gear, requirement on machining accuracy height be used for to be installed.This axle housing belongs to the complicated pipe type element of large scale: the centre is d for the bridge bag of profiled-cross-section, maximum cross-section height
m, both sides are h
1* b
1The straight-arm of square-section, both ends are diameter d
ePipe.
There is producer to utilize the pipe opening method that dilates to make axle housing, be about to seamless steel pipe two ends undergauge, the strip of center line cutting vertically through hole in the middle, after the heating with the circular hole of the squeezed bulging of strip through hole to required size, add the weldering corner block after the shaping of bridge packet portion, obtain axle housing after adding postwelding oil cap, stiffening ring after the modifier treatment.Opening dilates the axle housing that method is made, and stock utilization increases, but manufacturing process is more, the energy consumption height, and manufacturing cost is higher, and still there is weld seam in the bridge packet portion.
Have document to propose to make axle housing with hydraulic expansion method, be about to seamless cylindrical steel tube two ends undergauge after the middle part carry out the axle housing semi-finished product that hydraulic expanding-forming directly obtains having additional protecgulum.Make the heavy truck axle housing with hydraulic expansion method, the bridge packet portion of middle profiled-cross-section is difficult to be shaped, the big spalling easily of wall thickness reduction amount during hydraulic expanding-forming, and need to press in the superelevation, need the super-tonnage hydraulic press.
There is document to disclose a kind of automobile axle housing inner high voltage, reducing formation process.Select the seamless steel pipe of certain specification size for use, at first internal high pressure forming is carried out at the middle part, then undergauge is carried out at two ends, at last the intermediate axle packet portion is carried out local inner high voltage shaping, after machined, obtain the axle housing product.At the heavy truck axle housing, in disclosed document, when the first procedure internal high pressure forming, can be shaped and have the axle housing of hemispherical bonnet, this moment, pipe mid portion axis one side was carried out large deformation and opposite side is indeformable, can cause the large deformation part wrinkling because of the axially easy spalling of feed supplement difference, the easy unstability of part that need not be out of shape during actual the shaping; In addition, only to the local shaping of bridge packet portion, the endoporus of back oil cap does not reach bearings mounted required precision during inner high voltage shaping for the second time.In disclosed document, when the first procedure internal high pressure forming, also can be pressed into the axle housing of not being with the hemispherical bonnet, this moment, the pipe mid portion was bordering on even bulging, bulging part fore-and-aft direction is pressed into the plane in the middle of after the inner high voltage shaping, the bridge packet portion welds the back oil cap after cutting former and later two circular holes again, has increased manufacturing process.In disclosed document, the pipe two side portions behind the internal high pressure forming is pipe still, and both ends are circular, inboardly to be rectangle behind the undergauge, and the height and the width of rectangle are all less than the end circular outer diameter, and the diameter reducing process difficulty is big.
There is document to propose to make automobile axle housing with steel pipe swelling pressure manufacturing process, the preform pipe that hydraulic expanding-forming obtains axial symmetry or is bordering on the axial symmetry shape is carried out at the middle part after being about to seamless cylindrical steel tube two ends undergauge, obtain having the axle housing semi-finished product of oil cap and protecgulum behind the spherical crown shape again through press forming, according to the additional protecgulum of technological requirement cutting, obtain automobile axle housing at last.Make the heavy truck axle housing with steel pipe swelling pressure manufacturing process, be shaped during the hydraulic expanding-forming that faces in the time of can solving direct hydraulic expanding-forming in theory difficult, need the bottleneck problem of pressing in the superelevation.In disclosed document, still have the following disadvantages:
(1) the swelling pressure heavy axle housing that is shaped, the initial pipe diameter of selecting for use is big, thickness of pipe wall, adopts common pushing undergauge, and wall thickness increases manyly during the pipe undergauge, causes that mass incremental is big.
(2) at the heavy truck axle housing, the diameter of the inboard pipe in preform pipe both ends greater than press forming after the size of square-section, the front module of press forming mould, back link together with bolting between the module, and will cause before the compacting can't blowing, can not suppress.
(3) press forming rear axle housing pipe fitting, back oil cap inside dimensions does not reach bearings mounted requirement, and is not easy to carry out following process as blank after the excision of the protecgulum of spherical crown shape, causes stock utilization low.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the prior art above shortcomings, the invention provides the integral forming method that a kind of heavy truck does not have the weld seam axle housing.Adopt the heavy truck axle housing of this method moulding not have weld seam, have intensity and toughness height, form accuracy height, Thickness Distribution rationally and the stock utilization advantages of higher.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: described heavy truck does not have the integral forming method of weld seam axle housing, according to the major parameter of heavy truck axle housing, i.e. and the height d of Qiao Bao intermediate cross-section
m, Qiao Bao both sides rectangle straight-arm part depth of section h
1And width b
1, axle housing both ends pipe outside diameter d
e, and the cylindrical hole inner diameter d of back oil cap
z, determine its integrally formed process, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) selects seamless cylindrical steel tube for use, its outside diameter d
0Satisfy d simultaneously
0＜0.6d
m, d
01.5d
eWherein: d
0-seamless cylindrical steel tube external diameter; d
mThe height of-Qiao Bao intermediate cross-section; d
eThe external diameter of-axle housing both ends pipe.
(2) carry out the reverse mandrel pushing of bilateral undergauge at the three-dimensional hydraulic press.Before the undergauge, the mandrel drive system pushes pipe inside with a left side (right side) mandrel; During undergauge, a hydraulic press left side (right side) slide block drive a left side (right side) undergauge die by the pipe outer end to the inside the worker advance, undergauge, the mandrel drive system drives a left side (right side) mandrel by interior lateral outer end counter motion, movement velocity is greater than the elongation speed of pipe.Behind the undergauge, the pipe external diameter reduces to d
s, the wall thickness increment rate is less than 30% of diameter reducing rate.d
sPerimeter of section according to axle housing Qiao Bao both sides rectangle straight-arm part is determined.Wherein: d
sThe external diameter of-diameter shrinkage part.
(3) pipe two ends processing seal.
(4) hydraulic expanding-forming.Synchronous axial advance makes pipe middle part bulging to the pipe topping up and from both sides to utilize the semi-sliding expanding die at the three-dimensional hydraulic press, obtains the axis both sides little single-drum shape pipe in big one side on one side, the maximum radius R of intermediate cross-section
1=(0.46 ~ 0.52) d
m, the least radius R of intermediate cross-section
2=(0.36 ~ 0.42) d
m
(5) the hydraulic expanding-forming pipe is annealed.
(6) both ends undergauge.On the three-dimensional hydraulic press to undergauge after the pipe both ends carry out the undergauge second time, make its external diameter reduce to the outside diameter d at axle housing both ends
ePipe behind the end diameter reducing is called the preform pipe.
(7) press forming.Utilize the press forming mould to preform pipe both ends sealings at the four-way hydraulic press, behind its inner topping up the recycling mould from about, the front and back four direction carries out whole press forming and obtains the axle housing pipe fitting.Pipe both ends external diameter is d
eThe pipe part indeformable, inboard external diameter is d
sPipe become h
1* b
1Rectangular tube, mid portion axis both sides be the little single-drum shape in big one side on one side, and a side becomes back oil cap, the opposite side complanation of shaft spherical crown shape.
(8) at Qiao Bao front excision circular hole.
(9) utilize oil cap after the shape of diel school, obtain bearing cylindrical hole is installed.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the axle housing that this invention is made does not have weld seam, and Thickness Distribution is reasonable, the intensity and toughness height.Axle housing form accuracy height, back oil cap inboard directly reach the requirement that dead eye is installed.Pipe wall thickness value added is few during undergauge of the present invention, and needing the additional protecgulum of cutting behind the press forming is plectane, is convenient to lower manufacturing cost as the blank deep processing.Compare with traditional hydraulic bulging process, the fluid pressure that the technology manufacture process that the present invention adopts needs reduces more than 60%, and the former tonnage reduces more than 50%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of certain heavy truck press welding axle housing;
Fig. 2 is the top plan view of certain heavy truck press welding axle housing;
Fig. 3 is the profile of the initial pipe of embodiment of the heavy truck integral forming method that do not have the weld seam axle housing;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of pipe behind the reverse mandrel pushing of the embodiment bilateral of the heavy truck integral forming method that do not have the weld seam axle housing undergauge;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of pipe behind the embodiment hydraulic expanding-forming of the heavy truck integral forming method that do not have the weld seam axle housing;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of pipe behind the embodiment pipe end diameter reducing of the heavy truck integral forming method that do not have the weld seam axle housing;
Fig. 7 is the front view of the embodiment press forming rear axle housing pipe fitting of the heavy truck integral forming method that do not have the weld seam axle housing;
Fig. 8 is the top plan view of the embodiment press forming rear axle housing pipe fitting of the heavy truck integral forming method that do not have the weld seam axle housing;
Fig. 9 is the middle profile of the embodiment press forming rear axle housing pipe fitting front view of the heavy truck integral forming method that do not have the weld seam axle housing;
Figure 10 is the top plan view of the final axle housing of embodiment of the heavy truck integral forming method that do not have the weld seam axle housing.
The specific embodiment
Be certain heavy truck rear driving axle (not belt wheel side reducer) press welding axle housing as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, major parameter comprises: bridge packet portion intermediate cross-section height d
mBe 540mm, rectangle straight-arm part in Qiao Bao both sides highly is that 164mm, width are 152 mm, axle housing both ends outside diameter d
eBe φ 170mm, the cylindrical hole inner diameter d of back oil cap
zBe φ 241mm.The processing step of the heavy truck axle housing integral forming method of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
(1) selecting external diameter for use is that 273mm, wall thickness are the Q345B seamless steel pipe of 16mm, as shown in Figure 3.
(2) the reverse mandrel pushing of pipe bilateral undergauge.Carry out undergauge at the three-dimensional hydraulic press, the grip tube of module up and down base middle part with mould, earlier a left side (right side) mandrel is inserted pipe inside, then a left side (right side) undergauge die with 25mm/s speed worker advance, undergauge, by interior lateral outer end counter motion, the counter motion speed of mandrel is v to a left side (right side) mandrel in pipe simultaneously
2=3mm/s.Through three work step undergauges, pipe part external diameter reduces to φ 184mm, and wall thickness increases to 17.5mm, as shown in Figure 4.
(3) pipe two ends processing seal.
(4) hydraulic expanding-forming.Synchronous axial advance makes pipe middle part bulging to the pipe topping up and from both sides to utilize the semi-sliding expanding die at the three-dimensional hydraulic press, obtains the single-drum shape pipe that the segment axis both sides vary in size, the maximum radius R of intermediate cross-section
1=270mm, least radius R
2=220mm, as shown in Figure 5.
At the drive axle axle housing of belt wheel side reducer not, the hydraulic expanding-forming process is finished by twice hydraulic expanding-forming, and pipe is stepped pipe behind the bulging for the first time, and the middle part diameter is φ 405mm, and bulge coefficient is 1.48.
(5) the hydraulic expanding-forming pipe is annealed.
(6) on the three-dimensional hydraulic press, to pipe both ends undergauge behind the bulging, external diameter reduces to d
S2=φ 170mm, as shown in Figure 6.
(7) press forming.On the four-way hydraulic press, utilize the press forming mould to preform pipe both ends sealings, behind its inner topping up again from about, the front and back four direction carries out whole press forming and obtains the axle housing pipe fitting.Preform pipe both ends external diameter keeps φ 170mm constant, the both sides external diameter is that the pipe of φ 184mm becomes 164 * 152 rectangular tube, mid portion axis both sides are the little single-drum shape in big one side on one side, one side becomes back oil cap, the opposite side complanation of shaft spherical crown shape, as Fig. 7, Fig. 8, shown in Figure 9.
The compacting process of preform pipe is carried out at the four-way special hydraulic press, and a hydraulic press left side (right side) slide block drives ram movement sealing pipe end, a mould left side (right side) and by the fluid injection in the pipe of left and right sides pressure head; The hydraulic press top shoe drives the motion of upper mould piece, the hydraulic press sliding block drives the motion of lower mould piece, the front and back module of mould is installed on the lower module respectively, and can on lower module, slide front and back, its driving force is from the upper guide plate that is installed together with the hydraulic press upper module, on the faying face of upper guide plate and front and back module the identical inclined-plane of angle is set, by the inclined-plane downward pressure of top shoe is converted into horizontal pressure force.
(8) at Qiao Bao front excision circular hole.
(9) utilize oil cap after the shape of diel school, obtain bearing cylindrical hole is installed, as shown in figure 10.
Claims (1)
1. heavy truck does not have the integral forming method of weld seam axle housing, it is characterized in that: the processing step of described integral forming method is as follows:
Step (1):
Select seamless cylindrical steel tube for use, its outside diameter d
0Satisfy d simultaneously
0＜0.6d
m, d
01.5d
e
Wherein:
d
0-seamless cylindrical steel tube external diameter;
d
mThe height of-Qiao Bao intermediate cross-section;
d
eThe external diameter of-axle housing both ends pipe;
Step (2):
Carry out the reverse mandrel pushing of bilateral undergauge at the three-dimensional hydraulic press, before the undergauge, the mandrel drive system pushes pipe inside with left and right sides mandrel; During undergauge, hydraulic press left and right sides slide block drive left and right sides undergauge die by the pipe outer end to the inside the worker advance, undergauge, the mandrel drive system drives left and right sides mandrel by interior lateral outer end counter motion, movement velocity is greater than the elongation speed of pipe; The pipe external diameter reduces to d behind the undergauge
s, the wall thickness increment rate is less than 30% of diameter reducing rate; d
sPerimeter of section according to axle housing Qiao Bao both sides rectangle straight-arm part is determined;
Wherein:
d
sThe external diameter of-diameter shrinkage part;
Step (3):
Pipe two ends processing seal;
Step (4):
Hydraulic expanding-forming, synchronous axial advance makes pipe middle part bulging to the pipe topping up and from both sides to utilize the semi-sliding expanding die at the three-dimensional hydraulic press, obtains the axis both sides little single-drum shape pipe in big one side on one side, R
1=(0.46 ~ 0.52) d
m, R
2=(0.36 ~ 0.42) d
m
Wherein:
R
1The maximum radius of-intermediate cross-section;
R
2The least radius of-intermediate cross-section;
Step (5):
The hydraulic expanding-forming pipe is annealed;
Step (6):
The both ends undergauge carries out undergauge to hydraulic expanding-forming pipe both ends on the three-dimensional hydraulic press, make its external diameter reduce to the outside diameter d at axle housing both ends
e, the pipe behind the undergauge is called the preform pipe;
Step (7):
Press forming utilizes the press forming mould to preform pipe both ends sealings at the four-way hydraulic press, behind its inner topping up the recycling mould from about, the front and back four direction carries out whole press forming and obtains the axle housing pipe fitting, inboard external diameter is d
sPipe become h
1* b
1Rectangular tube, bridge packet portion rear side are that back oil cap, the front side of shaft spherical crown shape is the plane;
Wherein:
h
1The depth of section of-Qiao Bao both sides rectangle straight-arm part;
b
1The cross-sectional width of-Qiao Bao both sides rectangle straight-arm part;
Step (8):
At Qiao Bao front cutting circular hole;
Step (9):
Utilize oil cap after the shape of diel school, reach bearings mounted requirement.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310191336.6A CN103252404B (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2013-05-22 | The integral forming method of heavy truck no-welding-seam axle housing |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310191336.6A CN103252404B (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2013-05-22 | The integral forming method of heavy truck no-welding-seam axle housing |
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|---|---|
| CN103252404A true CN103252404A (en) | 2013-08-21 |
| CN103252404B CN103252404B (en) | 2015-09-09 |
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ID=48956808
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106424528A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-02-22 | 北京机电研究所 | Forming method and forming device for axle head of driving axle housing |
| CN107639144A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-01-30 | 江西江铃底盘股份有限公司 | A kind of Drive axle housing hydraulic forming method using high intensity welded tube and without annealing |
| CN108723701A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-11-02 | 合肥信和机械科技有限公司 | A kind of drilling tool used in rear oil cap forming technology and the technique |
| CN110153264A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-08-23 | 秦皇岛通桥科技有限公司 | The integral forming method of coaxial-type electric automobile drive axle axle housing |
| CN112453238A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-09 | 燕山大学 | Stamping forming method of integral axle housing bridge package |
| CN112570488A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-03-30 | 燕山大学 | Spinning-reducing forming method of stepped pipe blank for small and medium-sized bulging forming automobile axle housing |
| CN113102624A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-13 | 吉林省车桥汽车零部件有限公司 | Internal expansion high-pressure forming method for special pipe of automobile axle housing |
| CN114713700A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-07-08 | 倍力汽车轻量化科技(潍坊)有限公司 | Hot-air-expansion integrated forming method for lightweight drive axle housing |
| CN114789217A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-26 | 广东轻量科技发展有限责任公司 | Automobile axle housing, automobile axle housing mold and forming method |
| CN116618973A (en) * | 2023-07-12 | 2023-08-22 | 广东轻量科技发展有限责任公司 | Forming method for forming automobile axle housing by using steel plate |
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| CN106424528A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-02-22 | 北京机电研究所 | Forming method and forming device for axle head of driving axle housing |
| CN106424528B (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-01-16 | 北京机电研究所 | The former of driving axle housing spindle nose |
| CN107639144A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-01-30 | 江西江铃底盘股份有限公司 | A kind of Drive axle housing hydraulic forming method using high intensity welded tube and without annealing |
| CN107639144B (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2023-11-17 | 江西江铃底盘股份有限公司 | Hydraulic forming method for driving axle housing by adopting high-strength welded pipe and without annealing |
| CN108723701A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-11-02 | 合肥信和机械科技有限公司 | A kind of drilling tool used in rear oil cap forming technology and the technique |
| CN110153264A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-08-23 | 秦皇岛通桥科技有限公司 | The integral forming method of coaxial-type electric automobile drive axle axle housing |
| CN112453238A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-09 | 燕山大学 | Stamping forming method of integral axle housing bridge package |
| CN112453238B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2023-06-16 | 燕山大学 | Stamping forming method of integral axle housing and axle package |
| CN112570488B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-06-10 | 燕山大学 | Spinning-reducing forming method of stepped pipe blank for small and medium-sized bulging forming automobile axle housing |
| CN112570488A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-03-30 | 燕山大学 | Spinning-reducing forming method of stepped pipe blank for small and medium-sized bulging forming automobile axle housing |
| CN113102624A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-13 | 吉林省车桥汽车零部件有限公司 | Internal expansion high-pressure forming method for special pipe of automobile axle housing |
| CN114713700A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-07-08 | 倍力汽车轻量化科技(潍坊)有限公司 | Hot-air-expansion integrated forming method for lightweight drive axle housing |
| CN114713700B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2024-04-26 | 倍力汽车轻量化科技(潍坊)有限公司 | Method for integrally forming lightweight driving axle housing through hot air expansion |
| CN114789217A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-26 | 广东轻量科技发展有限责任公司 | Automobile axle housing, automobile axle housing mold and forming method |
| CN116618973A (en) * | 2023-07-12 | 2023-08-22 | 广东轻量科技发展有限责任公司 | Forming method for forming automobile axle housing by using steel plate |
| CN116618973B (en) * | 2023-07-12 | 2024-01-30 | 广东轻量科技发展有限责任公司 | Forming method for forming automobile axle housing by using steel plate |
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| CN103252404B (en) | 2015-09-09 |
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Effective date of registration: 20190924 Address after: 066000 No. 16 Heilongjiang West Road, Qinhuangdao Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hebei Province Patentee after: Qinhuangdao Tongqiao Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Hebei Street West Harbor area, 066004 Hebei city of Qinhuangdao province No. 438 Patentee before: Yanshan University |
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Denomination of invention: Integral forming method of welded axle housing of heavy truck Effective date of registration: 20220628 Granted publication date: 20150909 Pledgee: Changjiang Technology sub branch of Qinhuangdao Bank Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: Qinhuangdao Tongqiao Technology Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022980009146 |