CN106423271B - 一种基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106423271B
CN106423271B CN201610810301.XA CN201610810301A CN106423271B CN 106423271 B CN106423271 B CN 106423271B CN 201610810301 A CN201610810301 A CN 201610810301A CN 106423271 B CN106423271 B CN 106423271B
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quaternary ammonium
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华明清
王韬
张岐
牟方友
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:在碱催化下,将N‑取代低聚壳聚糖与手性联萘溴苄在干燥的有机溶剂中恒温反应,反应完毕后,经洗涤,萃取,分离,得到基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂。本发明制备了一种新型的基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂,此催化剂可用于催化丙二酸酯对α,β‑不饱和羰基化合物的共轭加成反应,以高收率45~82%,及中等对映选择性ee值20~53%制得加成产物。

Description

一种基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化 剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及糖化学及手性催化领域,具体地讲是公开了一种基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
手性季铵盐类化合物是一类重要的有机小分子相转移催化剂,在很多催化不对称反应中表现出非常高的手性诱导能力[Ooi,T.;Maruoka,K.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2007,46,4222]。在这其中,基于联萘结构的相转移催化剂在不对称催化中应用较为广泛,获得的手性产物收率和对映选择性都较高[Hennecke,U.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2012,51,4532],但良好催化效果的前提为联萘结构3,3’-位具有较大空间位阻基团。而合成该系列催化剂需要通过超过10步反应才能实现[Ooi,T.;Kameda,M.;Maruoka,K.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2003,125,5139],这导致此类催化剂较难适用于实际放大生产中。因此,发展一类含3,3’-位无取代基团的手性联萘结构骨架季铵盐类催化剂具有良好的实用前景。
壳聚糖(chitosan)是由β-(l,4)-2-氨基-2-脱氧-D-葡聚糖(GlcN)和β-(l,4)-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-D-葡聚糖(GlcNAc)构成的线性天然高分子共聚物。壳聚糖是天然糖类中唯一大量存在的碱性氨基多糖,具有许多特殊的物理化学性质和生理功能,如良好的吸附性、成膜性、成纤性、吸湿和保湿性能,生物相容性和降解性能也十分优良(Kumar,R.Muzzarelli,A.;Muzzarelli,C.;Sashiwa,H.;Domb,A.Chem.Rev.2004,104,6017)。壳聚糖用途广泛,但作为一个天然手性分子(Takeda,H.;Kadowaki,K.Agric.Biol.Chem.1985,49,3151),其手性催化价值并未能得到充分的开发使用。
本发明设计将3,3’-位无取代基团的手性联萘酚引入至N-取代低聚壳聚糖骨架,合成出含多中心结构的手性季铵盐类相转移催化剂。新合成的基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂,利用壳聚糖结构取代联萘结构中3,3’-较大空间位阻取代基团,以获得类似的良好催化效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是设计将3,3’-位无取代基团的手性联萘酚引入至N-取代低聚壳聚糖骨架,合成出含多中心结构的手性季铵盐类相转移催化剂。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂,所述催化剂结构式如下:
n为聚合度,n=6、8、11或20;
R为H、含取代基的苯环或碳原子数为1~6的烷基;
R中含取代基的苯环上的取代基为H、卤素、羟基、甲氧基或碳原子数为1~6的烷基;
联萘结构为(R)或(S)构型轴手性联萘基。
一种基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
在碱催化下,将N-取代低聚壳聚糖与手性联萘溴苄在干燥的有机溶剂中恒温反应,反应完毕后,经洗涤,萃取,分离,得到基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂。
所述N-取代低聚壳聚糖、手性联萘溴苄与碱的摩尔比为1:3~n:3~n,n=6、8、11或20;所述N-取代低聚壳聚糖在有机溶剂中的浓度为0.019~0.033mol/L。
所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷,氯仿,苯,甲苯,二甲苯,乙醚,四氢呋喃或乙腈。
所述碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾或碳酸铯。
所述的恒温反应温度为40~100℃,反应时间为3~10小时。
所述萃取使用的萃取剂为二氯甲烷。
有益效果:
本发明制备了一种新型的基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂,此催化剂可用于催化丙二酸酯对α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的共轭加成反应,以高收率45~82%,及中等对映选择性ee值20~53%制得加成产物。
具体实施方式
本发明的制备公式为:
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例1:
称取N-苄基六聚壳聚糖0.25g(平均分子量约1486,0.167mmol)于5mL二氯甲烷中,加入0.22g(0.5mmol)手性联萘溴苄(S),并加入0.07g(0.5mmol)碳酸钠,加热至40℃,保持9h。加水并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,真空除去溶剂,残液经色谱柱层析分离(甲醇/二氯甲烷=1:30为洗脱液),得到目标的(S)-1,1’-联萘-2,2’-亚甲基-苄基-六聚壳聚糖溴化铵催化剂(平均分子量约3645)0.27g,收率44%。
该催化剂用于催化丙二酸酯对α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的共轭加成反应,以57%收率获得加成产物,产物对映选择性ee值30%。
实施例2:
称取N-对甲氧基苄基八聚壳聚糖0.20g(平均分子量约2398,0.083mmol)于3mL甲苯中,加入0.22g(0.5mmol)手性联萘溴苄(R),并加入0.07g(0.5mmol)碳酸铯,加热至100℃,保持7h。加水并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,真空除去溶剂,残液经色谱柱层析分离(甲醇/二氯甲烷=1:30为洗脱液),得到目标的(R)-1,1’-联萘-2,2’-亚甲基-对甲氧基苄基-八聚壳聚糖溴化铵催化剂(平均分子量约5270)0.21g,收率48%。
该催化剂用于催化丙二酸酯对α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的共轭加成反应,以69%收率获得加成产物,产物对映选择性ee值42%。
实施例3:
称取N-邻氯苄基十一聚壳聚糖0.20g(平均分子量约3347,0.06mmol)于3mL乙腈中,加入0.29g(0.66mmol)手性联萘溴苄(S),并加入0.09g(0.66mmol)碳酸钾,加热至90℃,保持10h。加水并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,真空除去溶剂,残液经色谱柱层析分离(甲醇/二氯甲烷=1:30为洗脱液),得到目标的(S)-1,1’-联萘-2,2’-亚甲基-邻氯苄基-十一聚壳聚糖溴化铵催化剂(平均分子量约7296)0.24g,收率55%。
该催化剂用于催化丙二酸酯对α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的共轭加成反应,以82%收率获得加成产物,产物对映选择性ee值53%。
实施例4:
称取N-甲基二十聚壳聚糖0.22g(平均分子量约3942,0.056mmol)于3mL四氢呋喃中,加入0.25g(0.56mmol)手性联萘溴苄(R),并加入0.08g(0.56mmol)碳酸钾,加热至70℃,保持3h。真空除去溶剂,残留物加水并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,真空除去溶剂,残液经色谱柱层析分离(甲醇/二氯甲烷=1:40为洗脱液),得到目标的(R)-1,1’-联萘-2,2’-亚甲基-甲基-二十聚壳聚糖溴化铵催化剂(平均分子量约11122)0.18g,收率29%。
该催化剂用于催化丙二酸酯对α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的共轭加成反应,以45%收率获得加成产物,产物对映选择性ee值20%。
实施例5:
称取N-丁基十一聚壳聚糖0.16g(平均分子量约2594,0.06mmol)于3mL乙醚中,加入0.21g(0.48mmol)手性联萘溴苄(S),并加入0.09g(0.66mmol)碳酸钾,加热至40℃,保持10h。加水并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,真空除去溶剂,残液经色谱柱层析分离(甲醇/二氯甲烷=1:30为洗脱液),得到目标的(S)-1,1’-联萘-2,2’-亚甲基-丁基-十一聚壳聚糖溴化铵催化剂(平均分子量约6543)0.12g,收率31%。
该催化剂用于催化丙二酸酯对α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的共轭加成反应,以50%收率获得加成产物,产物对映选择性ee值28%。
本发明所使用的N-取代低聚壳聚糖,制备低聚壳聚糖方法可参考CN100447161C,2008;N上取代基方法可参考Carbohydrate Polymers 1997,33 145-151;手性联萘溴苄,制备方法可参考J.Am.Chem.Soc.2003,25(17),5139。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂结构式如下:
n为聚合度,n=6、8、11或20;
R为H、含取代基的苯环或碳原子数为1~6的烷基;
R中含取代基的苯环上的取代基为H、卤素、羟基、甲氧基或碳原子数为1~6的烷基;
联萘结构为(R)构型轴手性联萘基或(S)构型轴手性联萘基。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
在碱催化下,将N-取代低聚壳聚糖与手性联萘溴苄在干燥的有机溶剂中恒温反应,反应完毕后,经洗涤,萃取,分离,得到基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述N-取代低聚壳聚糖、手性联萘溴苄与碱的摩尔比为1:3~n:3~n,n=6、8、11或20;所述N-取代低聚壳聚糖在有机溶剂中的浓度为0.019~0.033mol/L。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂的制备方法,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷,氯仿,苯,甲苯,二甲苯,乙醚,四氢呋喃或乙腈。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂的制备方法,所述碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾或碳酸铯。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂的制备方法,所述的恒温反应温度为40~100℃,反应时间为3~10小时。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于低聚壳聚糖结构的含联萘轴手性季铵盐相转移催化剂的制备方法,所述萃取使用的萃取剂为二氯甲烷。
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