CN106420902A - 胀果甘草提取物及甘草查耳酮a的保肝活性及药物新用途 - Google Patents
胀果甘草提取物及甘草查耳酮a的保肝活性及药物新用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106420902A CN106420902A CN201610894553.5A CN201610894553A CN106420902A CN 106420902 A CN106420902 A CN 106420902A CN 201610894553 A CN201610894553 A CN 201610894553A CN 106420902 A CN106420902 A CN 106420902A
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- extract
- licochalcone
- swollen fruit
- liver
- fruit radix
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了胀果甘草乙醇提取物及甘草查耳酮A的医药新用途。发明人发现胀果甘草与其他药用甘草存在明显的化学成分差异,继而对胀果甘草乙醇提取物及其中重要成分甘草查耳酮A的系统研究,发现其具有保护氧化型细胞损伤、组织损伤及急性化学性肝损伤的显著活性。基于以上发现,这一提取物及该活性化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、前药以及其混合物可用于制备治疗/预防氧化性损伤和/或急性化学性肝损伤药物及保健品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及胀果甘草乙醇提取物及甘草查耳酮A的提取方法,以及胀果甘草提取物与甘草查耳酮A的保肝药物新用途,具体涉及它们在保护氧化性肝损伤、急性肝炎导致的急性肝损伤中的应用。
背景技术
肝脏是人体内脏中最大的实质性器官,担负解毒、储存肝糖、代谢脂质等重要生理功能,为维持机体生命活动发挥至关重要的作用。诸多因素都会对肝脏造成损伤,常见的有药物损伤、肝炎等病毒感染、酒精摄取过量、黄曲霉毒素等有毒化学物质摄入,等等。长期的肝损伤往往会导致不同程度的肝细胞坏死、脂肪变性、肝硬化甚至肝癌。因此,预防和治疗肝损伤是临床上肝病治疗的重要环节之一,是减少肝纤维化、肝坏死、肝硬化以及肝癌等疾病发生和发展的基础。临床上有许多保肝药物及方法,但由于目前的治疗手段常常存在毒副作用,各类保肝药的使用受到限制。因此,从传统天然药物中发现有效的新型保肝药物具有重要的现实意义和良好的应用前景。
四氯化碳(CCl4)是一种常用的肝毒性试剂,研究表明,四氯化碳进入体内经过肝微粒体细胞色素P450酶代谢,形成三氯甲基自由基,造成脂质过氧化、氨基酸功能基团受损、核酸转化和突变,致使细胞的正常生命活动受到破坏。四氯化碳造成的急性损伤严重时可能导致动物死亡,长期的慢性损伤会造成明显的肝纤维化症状。四氯化碳造成的急性和慢性肝损伤模型广泛用于保肝药物研究。
甘草(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)是常用中药,具有保肝、抗溃疡、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、抗疟等药理活性,含有黄酮、黄酮苷、三萜皂苷等化学成分。中国药典(2015年版)规定甘草来源于豆科植物乌拉尔甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.、胀果甘草G.inflata Bat.和光果甘草G.glabra L.的干燥根和根茎。我国甘草的主流品种为乌拉尔甘草,研究较多。胀果甘草的化学成分与药理活性研究相对较少。我们的研究表明,胀果甘草与光果甘草、乌拉尔甘草提取物的低极性部位存在明显的化学成分差异,且对于一些药理模型,其活性明显优于光果甘草和乌拉尔甘草。
甘草及其制剂在临床广泛地应用于保肝。然而,大多数文献并未明确地标明 甘草的原植物品种(即三种甘草属植物不予区分);少量研究虽然明确了甘草的种属,但大多来自乌拉尔甘草和光果甘草(Jung等,BMC Complem Altern M,2016,16,DOI:10.1186/s12906-016-0997-0;Yin G等,Fish Physiol Biochem,2011,37,209-216)。胀果甘草提取物的保肝活性少有报道,仅有6个三萜皂苷类成分被报道在细胞模型上有较好的保肝活性(Zheng YF等,Molecules,2015,20,6273-6283)。对于胀果甘草的低极性提取物及单体成分,主要是游离酚类化合物,其保肝活性未见报道。
甘草查耳酮A是胀果甘草中含量最高的游离酚类成分之一,是一种连有异戊烯基的查耳酮类化合物,被报道具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗真菌、调节免疫等多种药理活性,并经小鼠和细胞实验证实有调节肝脂质代谢的活性(Quan HY等,Fitoterapia 2013,86,208-216)。甘草查耳酮A保护氧化性损伤和化学性肝损伤的活性未见报道。
本发明公开胀果甘草提取物及甘草查耳酮A的多种保肝药理活性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有的技术及资源局限,提供了胀果甘草乙醇提取物及甘草查耳酮A保肝新用途。
本发明之胀果甘草提取物,其特征在于,提取对象为胀果甘草的根和根茎。
本发明之胀果甘草提取物,其特征在于,提取过程为:称取胀果甘草,粉碎。加入5~10倍体积的95%乙醇,加热回流3~4h,抽滤。滤渣按上法分别再用95%和75%乙醇提取1次。合并提取液,减压浓缩至无醇味,得总浸膏,即为胀果甘草乙醇提取物。浸膏用适量的去离子水混悬,用2~3倍量乙酸乙酯萃取4遍。回收乙酸乙酯,得到乙酸乙酯部位浸膏,即为胀果甘草提取物乙酸乙酯相浸膏。
本发明人在对胀果甘草进行提取后,研究了其对Nrf2的激活作用,以及其在动物体内保护CCl4造成的急性肝损伤活性,结果显示胀果甘草提取物具有激活Nrf2的抗氧化作用,以及降低CCl4造成的急性肝炎肝损伤作用,并且降低肝损伤导致的转氨酶升高的保肝活性。
本发明之胀果甘草提取物可用于制备具有保肝作用的药物和保健食品,在剂型方面可采用各种剂型,如片剂、颗粒剂、散剂、胶囊或丸剂等剂型。
本发明之胀果甘草提取物可用于制备具有保肝作用的药物和保健食品,在形 状方面可采用各种形状。
本发明提供了甘草中化合物甘草查耳酮A的保肝新用途。此化合物的结构式如下:
本发明所提供的化合物的药物新用途指化合物本身或其药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、前药中的至少一种,以及其混合物在制备具有如下(1)-(2)中至少一种功能的药物中的应用:(1)用于预防和治疗氧化造成的细胞损伤、组织损伤;(2)预防和治疗化学性肝损伤。
以上述活性化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、前药以及它的混合物为有效成分制备的药物也属于本发明的保护范围。
需要的时候,在上述药物中还可以加入一种或多种药学上可接受的载体或辅料。所述载体或辅料包括药学领域常规的稀释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体、润滑剂等。
利用上述活性化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体以及前药作为活性成分,单独或组合使用,或与其它药物、辅料等配合制备成各种剂型,包括但不限于片剂、散剂、丸剂、注射剂、胶囊剂、膜剂、栓剂、膏剂、冲剂等多种形式。上述各种剂型的药物均可以按照药学领域的常规方法制备。
附图说明
图1为胀果甘草药材的DNA品种鉴定结果。
图2为胀果甘草、光果甘草、乌拉尔甘草乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯相浸膏的指纹图谱。
图3为甘草查耳酮A的氢谱。
图4为甘草查耳酮A的碳谱。
图5为胀果甘草提取物和甘草查耳酮A的Nrf2激活活性。
图6为胀果甘草、光果甘草、乌拉尔甘草乙醇提取物的Nrf2激活活性,
*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001与第一批胀果甘草组比较。
图7为甘草查耳酮A对HepG2、MCF7、SW480、A549四种细胞的细胞毒性。
图8为胀果甘草提取物和甘草查耳酮A对四氯化碳造成的HepG2细胞急性损伤的保护活性,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001与模型组比较。
图9为胀果甘草提取物和甘草查耳酮A对四氯化碳造成的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护活性,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001与模型组比较。
图10为胀果甘草提取物和甘草查耳酮A对四氯化碳造成的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护活性中各组动物肝脏HE染色病理切片,其中1)对照组,2)模型组,3)阳性药组,4)甘草查耳酮A高剂量保护组,5)甘草查耳酮A低剂量保护组,6)甘草提取物高剂量保护组,7)甘草提取物低剂量保护组。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步阐述本发明,应理解,以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的保护范围。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、胀果甘草的DNA品种鉴定。
一、实验材料和方法。
用植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒(天根生化科技有限公司,北京)提取样品的总DNA,PCR扩增其ITS序列及trnH-psbA转录间隔区序列并进行测序。引物序列为:ITS-F,GAAGGATCATTGTCGATGCC;ITS-R,GCGTTCAAAGACGCCTATTGG;trnH-forward,ACG GGA ATT GAACCC GCG CA;Gly-trnHR1,CAT ATG ACT TCA CAA TGT AAA ATC。
二、实验结果。
胀果甘草的DNA品种鉴定结果如图1所示。根据文献总结的甘草品种与基因型之间的对应关系(Kondo K,Biol Pharm Bull 2007,30,1497-1502),该样品ITS基因型为I-2型,trnH-psbA为T-3型,故鉴定为胀果甘草。
实施例2、胀果甘草成分分析及胀果甘草浸膏、LCA的制备。
一、实验材料和方法。
本方法中提及的所有化学试剂均购自北京化工厂。
提取物制备:称取胀果甘草干燥根20kg,粉碎。加入5~10倍量95%乙醇,加热回流3~4h,抽滤。滤渣按上法分别再用95%和75%乙醇提取1次。合并提取液,减压浓缩至无醇味,得总浸膏,即为胀果甘草乙醇提取物。浸膏用适量的去离子水混悬,用2~3倍量乙酸乙酯萃取4遍。回收乙酸乙酯,得到乙酸乙酯部位浸膏。
甘草查耳酮A分离:取乙酸乙酯部位浸膏溶解,加入900g硅胶(100-200目)拌样,分两次上样于6kg硅胶柱(100-200目),采用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(100:0,50:1,20:1,10:1,8:1,6:1,4:1,2:1,1:1,0:1,v/v)梯度洗脱,根据TLC和HPLC检测结果合并成7个流份(A-G)。流份E主要含查耳酮A,经硅胶柱色谱分离,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(100:0,50:1,10:1,6:1,4:1,2:1,1:1v/v)作为流动相梯度洗脱,经TLC和HPLC检测结果合并得到3个流份(E1-E3)。流份E3先过聚酰胺柱,以二氯甲烷-甲醇(100:0,50:1,10:1,6:1,4:1,2:1,1:1v/v)作为流动相梯度洗脱;再用甲醇溶解得到主含LCA的流份,过LH-20柱纯化,甲醇作洗脱剂,最后经半制备HPLC纯化得到甘草查耳酮A。
提取物检测:称取甘草提取物粉末2mg,溶于1mL甲醇中,用0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤,进样。
色谱条件:
仪器:Agilent 1290高效液相色谱仪;
色谱柱:Acquity UPLC HSS T3柱(1.8μm,2.1×150mm),VanGuard预柱(1.8μm,2.1×5mm)(Waters,MA,USA);
流动相:乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸(B);
洗脱程序:0-7.5min,10-25%A;7.5-38min,25-38%A;38-53min,38-47%A;53-64min,47-57%A;64-72min,57-75%A;72-75min,75-80%A,85min停止。
检测波长:254nm。
二、实验结果。
同法提取的胀果甘草、光果甘草、乌拉尔甘草三种甘草乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯相浸膏成分指纹图谱见图2。
甘草查耳酮A的氢谱和碳谱见图3-4。
实施例3、胀果甘草提取物及甘草查耳酮A对Nrf2的激活作用。
一、实验材料和方法。
HepG2细胞采用Lipofectamine 2000(Life Technologies公司)稳定转染Nrf2萤光素酶报告基因,得到的细胞称之为HepG2C8细胞。HepG2C8细胞用10%胎牛血清的MEM培养基培养,维持温度37℃,5%CO2饱和湿度,使用0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化传代,按2×105/孔接种于24孔板12小时后,吸去培养基,给药处理。
给药处理:每孔分别加入含2.5μM、5μM、10μM、20μM、40μM甘草查耳酮A或50μg/mL甘草提取物的MEM培养基500μL,平行2个副孔。空白组加入含等量DMSO的MEM培养基500μL。培养6小时。
报告基因检测:吸去孔中的培养基,每孔加入200μL的PBS清洗,再分别加入100μL报告基因裂解液,4℃裂解10min,用枪头将孔底细胞全部刮下,与裂解液一起转移入1.5mLEP管中,4℃10000g离心10min,上清分别进行以下两部分操作:
1.蛋白浓度的测定:
标准曲线的制备:96孔板中分别加入0,2,4,8,10μL 1mg/mL牛血清白蛋白标准液,用超纯水补足至20μL。
样品蛋白浓度测试:96孔板中分别加入5μL上清,加15μL超纯水补足20μL。
A液和B液按50:1配制BCA溶液,每孔中加200μL,37℃烘箱中孵育30min,酶标仪测定570nm下各孔吸光度。
2.萤光素酶检测:
分别吸取50μL样品上清于96孔白板中,空白对照加入50μL平行空白报告基因裂解液,用酶标仪检测。
萤光素酶活性强度计算:激活强度=(样品每孔萤光强度值-空白对照孔的平均萤光强度值)/(对应的蛋白浓度×DMSO孔平均萤光强度值)
分别计算同一化合物两平行样品结果的平均值及其SD值,即得该化合物对报告基因的激活强度及其SD值。
另取不同批次的胀果甘草、光果甘草、乌拉尔甘草的乙醇提取物进行实验, 测定其Nrf2激活活性。
二、实验结果
Nrf2是调节体内氧化还原平衡的重要转录因子,其通过抗氧化响应元件(ARE)控制细胞II相药物代谢酶和抗氧化基因的表达,激活Nrf2信号通路可以减轻各种因素引起的细胞氧化损伤。本实施例采用Nrf2萤光素酶报告基因的方法,测定甘草提取物及甘草查耳酮A的Nrf2激活作用。如图5所示,50μg/mL甘草提取物对Nrf2报告基因有激活作用,达到3.8倍。甘草查耳酮A也可以剂量依赖地激活Nrf2报告基因活性,在10μM时的活性最强,达到4.07倍。
对不同批次胀果甘草、光果甘草、乌拉尔甘草的乙醇提取物Nrf2激活活性比较,如图6所示,两批胀果甘草提取物的活性均达到2.8倍以上,而光果甘草和乌拉尔甘草提取物活性最大值只有1.7倍。胀果甘草对Nrf2的激活活性明显高于光果甘草和乌拉尔甘草。
实施例4、胀果甘草浸膏及甘草查耳酮A对HepG2细胞活力的影响。
一、实验材料和方法。
HepG2人肝癌细胞购自美国菌种保存中心(ATCC)。HepG2细胞用10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基培养,维持温度37℃,5%CO2饱和湿度,使用0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化传代,按1×104/孔接种于96孔板12小时后,吸去培养基。分别加入含10μM甘草查耳酮A的DMEM培养基100μL,继续培养24小时,向每孔加入10μL MTS溶液(美国Promega公司),继续培养2~4小时,酶标仪测定490nm下各孔吸光度。
以空白组为0%,对照组为100%,分别计算各组的细胞活力抑制率及SD值。
同样方法对甘草查耳酮A的MCF7、SW480、A549的细胞毒性进行测试。
二、实验结果
10μM甘草查耳酮A对HepG2、MCF7、SW480、A549的细胞毒性均较弱,如图7所示。10μM甘草查耳酮A对HepG2细胞活力抑制率为13.5%,对MCF7和SW480的细胞活性抑制率分别为9.8%,7.0%,细胞毒性较低;而对A549的抑制率甚至为0,即几乎无细胞毒性。
实施例5、甘草查耳酮A对四氯化碳导致肝细胞HepG2损伤的保护作用。
一、实验材料和方法。
四氯化碳储液配置:DMSO与四氯化碳按1:1(v/v)混合,涡旋得到50%CCl4储备液。向DMEM培养基中加入储备液得到含四氯化碳浓度0.35%的培养基。
HepG2人肝癌细胞购自美国菌种保存中心(ATCC)。HepG2培养于含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中,按1×104/孔种于96孔板中,培养12h后将培养基吸出,分组加入以下液体(100μL/孔,3复孔/组):
空白组:不含四氯化碳的空白DMEM培养基(加入不含细胞空白孔);
空白对照组:含与加药组同等浓度的DMSO的空白DMEM培养基;
模型组:含与加药组同等浓度的DMSO的含0.35%四氯化碳的DMEM培养基;
给药组:加入终浓度为10μM甘草查耳酮A的含0.35%四氯化碳的DMEM培养基;
培养6h后,每孔加入10μL MTS溶液,避光孵育2~4h,490nm下测各孔吸光度。
以空白组为0%,对照组为100%,分别计算各组的细胞存活率及SD值,对化合物的保护作用进行评价,由吸光度值计算得到各组孔中细胞存活率。
二、实验结果。
如图8所示,10μM甘草查耳酮A对0.35%CCl4损伤的HepG2起到显著保作用,可以将四氯化碳损伤后的细胞存活率从53%升高至75%,且保护作用呈现明显的剂量依赖性。说明甘草查耳酮A具有显著保护急性肝损伤活性,可用于制备保护急性肝炎肝损伤药物。
实施例6、胀果甘草提取物及甘草查耳酮A对四氯化碳造成的急性肝损伤的保护作用。
一、实验材料和方法。
4-6周雄性ICR鼠购自北京大学医学部实验动物部,给予12h光照12h黑暗,恒温,正常饲料及水饲养,于无菌环境中适应4天后进行实验。
动物随机分为7组(n=6),1)对照组及2)模型组动物每天按10ml/kg灌 胃0.3%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,3)阳性药组每天按10ml/kg灌胃10mg/ml的水飞蓟素混悬液(混于0.3%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液),4)甘草查耳酮A低剂量保护组及5)甘草查耳酮A高剂量保护组每天按10ml/kg分别灌胃1mg/ml、5mg/ml的甘草查耳酮A混悬液(给药剂量10mg/kg、50mg/kg),6)胀果甘草提取物低剂量保护组、7)胀果甘草提取物高剂量保护组每天按10ml/kg分别灌胃5mg/ml、20mg/ml的胀果甘草提取物混悬液(给药剂量50mg/kg、200mg/kg)。连续给药7天,第7天灌胃6h后:1)对照组腹腔注射玉米油(7ml/kg),2)~9)组腹腔注射CCl4造模(0.2%v/v,7ml/kg,溶于玉米油),24h后摘眼球取血,心脏灌流后取肝组织。血液样品室温静置2h后4℃8000g离心15min取血清。
血清样品进行血生化分析,检测ALT、AST、LDH指标。肝脏组织经多聚甲醛固定后进行石蜡包埋、切片、HE染色、拍照。
二、实验结果。
实验数据计量资料均以均数±标准差表示,两均数的比较使用SPSS16.0统计软件中的one-way ANOVA分析,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001与模型组比较。
肝细胞受损后会释放谷丙转氨酶(ALT),谷草转氨酶(AST)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)入血,血清中的这些酶浓度反应肝损伤程度。如图9所示,血生化结果显示胀果甘草提取物及甘草查耳酮A均有明显的保护效果以及剂量依赖,显著保护了四氯化碳造成的急性肝损伤。
在光学显微镜下,无损伤的小鼠肝组织切片中,可见肝细胞大小、形态均正常,无肝实质性细胞病变,中央静脉及汇管区正常,如图10所示。四氯化碳损伤后的模型组,小鼠肝组织中中央静脉周围肝细胞无正常细胞形态,肝细胞肿大,部分细胞呈气球样变性,有炎症细胞浸润现象。经给药胀果甘草提取物或甘草查耳酮A后,肝细胞坏死程度显著减轻,炎症浸润程度降低,低剂量给药组部分细胞仍呈现气球样变性,高剂量给药组几乎无气球样变性。与血生化结果吻合,说明胀果甘草提取物及甘草查耳酮A均有明显保护肝损伤的效果。
Claims (10)
1.下式所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、前药中的至少一种或混合物在制备保肝药物中的应用。
2.权利要求1中所述应用,其特征在于所述保护保肝活性为治疗/预防氧化性肝损伤和/或化学性肝损伤。
3.权利要求2中所述应用,其特征在于,所述治疗/预防氧化性肝损伤和/或化学性肝损伤,其进一步包含医药上可接受的载体。
4.具有保肝作用的胀果甘草乙醇提取物。
5.权利要求4中所述应用,其特征在于,使用原料为胀果甘草的根和根茎。
6.权利要求4中所述应用,其特征在于,该提取物提取方法具体步骤如下:称取胀果甘草,粉碎。加入5~10倍体积的95%乙醇,加热回流3~4h,抽滤。滤渣按上法分别再用95%和75%乙醇提取1次。合并提取液,减压浓缩至无醇味,得总浸膏,即为胀果甘草乙醇提取物。
7.权利要求4中所述应用,其特征在于所述保肝活性为治疗/预防氧化性肝损伤和/或化学性肝损伤。
8.权利要求4中所属应用,其特征在于所述保肝活性为治疗/预防氧化性肝损伤,其原理在于能激活Nrf2信号通路,保护氧化性细胞损伤、组织损伤。
9.权利要求4中所述应用,其特征在于,本发明之胀果甘草乙醇提物乙酸乙酯相浸膏可用于制备具有保肝作用的药物和保健食品,在剂型方面可采用各种剂型,如片剂、颗粒剂、散剂、胶囊或丸剂等剂型。
10.权利要求4中所述应用,其特征在于,本发明之胀果甘草乙醇提物乙酸乙酯相浸膏可用于制备具有保肝作用的药物和保健食品,在形状方面可采用各种形状。
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