CN106416896A - Method for improving disease resistance, lodging resistance and yield of vernicia fordii - Google Patents
Method for improving disease resistance, lodging resistance and yield of vernicia fordii Download PDFInfo
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- CN106416896A CN106416896A CN201610878086.7A CN201610878086A CN106416896A CN 106416896 A CN106416896 A CN 106416896A CN 201610878086 A CN201610878086 A CN 201610878086A CN 106416896 A CN106416896 A CN 106416896A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving disease resistance, lodging resistance and yield of vernicia fordii. According to the method, vernicia fordii is grafted by adopting side grafting, split grafting with top bud and other methods, so that variety improvement of vernicia fordii is quickly realized, and high quality, high yield, disease resistance, lodging resistance and yield increase of vernicia fordii can be realized. By adopting the method, the improved variety has excellent resistance to fusarium oxysporum schl, root rot, giant mealy bug and other diseases; the life of grafted vernicia fordii pure plantation is over 30 years, which is improved by 5-6 times that of conventional pure plantation; the lodging resistance of vernicia fordii is increased by over 30 percent in comparison with that of conventional varieties; and the yield is increased by about 10 percent. The method is applicable to large-scale field cultivation, and construction of about 10,000mu demonstration base is completed by adopting the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology is and in particular to a kind of raising tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging and yield
Method.
Background technology
Tung oil tree is the general designation of tung tree (vernicia) plant, is the distinctive commodity trees of China, is important industry oil
Material seeds.Squeeze from tung oil tree seed or the oil that extracts is referred to as tung oil, be mainly used in painting, plastics, electrical equipment, artificial rubber, people
Make the manufacturing industry such as leather, synthetic petroleum, ink and illumination, smear furniture and ship etc..Tung oil tree is long in China's cultivation history, far
Written by the Tang Dynasty Chen Cangqi《Bencao Shiyi》In just have " in the raw mountain of tung oil tree, tree is like Chinese parasol tree " and other with regard to tung oil tree cultivation and sharp
Historical records.
Traditional tung oil tree cultivation technique adopts direct seeding forestation or afforestation, and mostly the wherein seed of direct seeding forestation is from process
Directly gather on the select tree of natural appraisal, dig cave by the seeding row spacing fixed point of design, use sufficient the base manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed.Every bunch planting kind vernalization is processed
High quality seed 2, by direct for the seed of improved seeds program request on forest land, emerge and grow into forest, be not required to the method for forestation transplanted, special
Point is to facilitate saving of labor.
Afforestation, digs cave by the seeding row spacing fixed point of design, and the seedling fixed point of the fine quality cultivated using nursery is planted
It is implanted in the method for forestation on the forest land of arrangement.
But above two method all cannot confirm its seed Optimality, i.e. its disease resistance, lodging resistance and yield.
Graft technology, one of artificial nutrition propagation method of plant.I.e. a kind of branch of plant or bud, it is grafted onto another kind
On the stem of plant or root, be connected together two parts are made to grow up to a complete plant.
Graft technology has been widely used on fruit tree, and can expand the absorption region of root system by grafting
And ability, overcome continuous cropping harm additionally it is possible to improve the quality of fruit tree, strengthen its disease resistance and improve yield, and also help
The feature of comprehensive multiple kinds, the multiple scion of grafting on a stock, plant can be made to show multiple proterties.For grafting skill
Application in tung oil tree for the art only resides within theory stage, has no extensive field experiment precedent, should in variant Tung Oil Tree Varieties of Guang
Poor with property, and in tung oil tree disease resistance, urgent need techno-absence that is resistant to lodging and improving the aspects such as yield；Tung oil tree grafting can be chosen
Scion terminal bud accounting is about 5%, axillary bud accounting up to more than 95%, and existing graft technology can not meet extensive land for growing field crops tung oil tree
Grafting demand.
Content of the invention
For solving defect in prior art, the present invention provides a kind of method improving tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging and yield,
By graft technology improve tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging while also improve the yield of tung oil tree.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of method improving tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging and yield, methods described is to be carried using tung oil tree graft technology
High tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging while also improve the yield of tung oil tree, the method is applied to the operation of extensive land for growing field crops, has completed about
10000 mu of demonstration base construction.
Wherein, described tung oil tree graft technology comprises the steps：
(1) selection of stock and scion：The osmanthus that the age of tree is 6-15 month is selected to wrinkle No. 27 clone tung trees for stock；Choosing
Select the age of tree be 3-5 high-quality, high yield, disease-free rice tung oil tung oil tree branch be scion, described branch be tung tree middle and upper part
Annual, robust growth, there is the branch of obvious axillary bud, lignifying or semi-lignified；
(2) selection of grafting time：Selection of time annual spring late January to mid-April or late August to October
The last ten-days period；
(3) using cutting side grafting method or split grafting with top bud method carries out grafting；
(4) managing after grafting：Including：
A. grafting terminates rear 20d, checks surviving of grafting；Grafting sprout and interface keep fresh state, then grafting
Survive；As grafting sprout and interface become lead, cut stock, at its graft union below 5-10cm grafting again；
B. for using the tung oil tree cutting side grafting method and carrying out grafting, after its survival at grafting above 5-8cm cut off osmanthus wrinkle
No. 27 clonal rootstocks, cutting off mouth is angle；
C., after the scion growth 30d of grafting survival, untie grafting membrane in time；And real-time inspection and stock of erasing sprout
Bud.
Described cut concretely comprising the following steps of side grafting method：
(1) cut stock：Selected stock at the 20-50cm of ground by the oblique partial application in wind face, depth reaches xylem
Within 0.2cm, knife edge length 2-2.5cm；
(2) cut scion：Selected scion branch selects a full axillary bud, cuts off at 1-1.5cm above axillary bud,
Cut off at 2.5cm below axillary bud；Each side cut a knife, mouth is cut as deep as xylem in axillary bud side, cut the long 0.5cm of mouth, another
The long 1.5-2cm of mouth, as deep as bast, is cut in side；Bevel is smooth, steeps and rinse out tissue fluid in clear water after cutting；
(3) grafting fringe：Alignd in cambial to scion and stock at least side, scion is inserted in stock otch；
(4) prick and tie up：Expose axillary bud, with grafting membrane, scion is fastened with stock, prevent rainwater from entering with mushroom and moisture steaming
Send out.
The concretely comprising the following steps of described split grafting with top bud method：
(1) cut stock：Its snips is removed at the 20-50cm of ground in described stock, in the center of stock otch
Rive an otch, the long 2-3cm of the edge of a knife；
(2) cut scion：Choose terminal bud, cut off at 3-5cm below terminal bud, be whittled into wedge shape, bevel is smooth, after cutting
Steep and in clear water, rinse out tissue fluid；
(3) grafting：Wedge shape scion terminal bud is inserted stock interface, so that stock is alignd with the forming layer at least one side of scion；
(4) prick and tie up：Expose terminal bud, with grafting membrane, scion is fastened with stock, to prevent rainwater from entering and moisture with mushroom
Evaporation.
The method of the present invention can effectively improve the disease resistance of tung oil tree, and wherein said disease resistance mainly includes oil resistant paulownia
Droop, oil resistant forture paulownia root maize ear rot and the big giant coccid of oil resistant paulownia.
Wherein, Wilt of Tung-oil Trees also known as paulownia pest.It is the destructive disease in southern each tung oil tree producing region, main harm has just enter into knot
Fruit contains 3 years paulownias of phase.Germ from root invade, by vascular bundle to tree trunk, branch, blade tip and vein extend, cause complete stool or
Part limb is withered, is a kind of typical vascular bundle diseases.Early stage is difficult to judge, pathogen is Fusarium oxysporum, is one
Plant weak parasitical fungi, can survive in soil or diseased plant residuum, invade from tung oil tree fibrous root under suitable condition, also can be from root and root
The wound of stem invades.Germ, in plant endocrine toxin, makes tissue variable color necrosis.And because mycelia is in iuntercellular or intracellular
Extension, affects the normal Water Transportation of plant, leads to tung oil tree withered death.
Tung oil tree root rot is by fungi, nematode, bacterial plant disease.Root rot is soil-borne disease, mainly passes through
Moisture in soil, underground insect and nematode are propagated.
Main harm seedling, Adult plant also can be fallen ill.Early stage, only indivedual supporting roots and fibrous root are susceptible, and gradually
To main root extension, after main root is susceptible, early stage plant does not show symptom, after with butt rot degree aggravation, absorb moisture and
The function of nutrient gradually weakens, and supply falls short of demand because of nutrient for aerial part, and young leaves turns to be yellow first, and illumination is strong at noon, evaporation
When measuring big, wilting just occurs in plant upper blade, but night can recover again.When being in a bad way, wilting situation night nor again
Recover, whole strain yellow leaf, withered.Now, root skin browning, and separate with marrow, last complete stool is dead.
The big giant coccid of tung oil tree is the crushing insect of tung oil tree.In 1 year 2 generation, survived the winter on branch with nymph, late April next year becomes
Become adult.Each female adult can lay eggs 1000～2000.First generation nymph hatching mid-May, incubates nymph is creeped on spray
After fixation, draw juice.Focus mostly on 1～2 year raw branch, 4～5 years raw treelet trunks just have parasitism.Killed tree the lighter
Growth is weak, and branch dries up, and severe one complete stool is dead.Polypide drains a large amount of honeydews and is also easy to cause sooty mould.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The present invention passes through using the breed improvement cutting the method grafting such as side grafting, split grafting with top bud and quickly realizing tung oil tree, thus real
The high-quality of existing tung tree, high yield, the raising with yield disease-resistant, resistant to lodging.The grafting implantation methods of the present invention, can make to improve the breed
Good resistance, the life-span length of grafting tung oil tree pure forest are had on the illnesss such as Wilt of Tung-oil Trees, tung oil tree root rot and the big giant coccid of tung oil tree
Reach more than 30 years, improve 5-6 times than the generally conventional pure forest plantation life-span；Lodging tolerance improves more than 30% than conventional variety,
Output increased 10% about simultaneously.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in more detail below.These embodiments are provided to be able to more thoroughly
Understand the present invention, and complete for the scope of the present invention can be conveyed to those skilled in the art.
If mentioned "comprising" in the middle of specification in the whole text and claim or " inclusion " they are an open language, therefore should
It is construed to " comprise but be not limited to ".Specification subsequent descriptions are to implement the better embodiment of the present invention, and so described description is
For the purpose of the rule of specification, it is not limited to the scope of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is when regarding appended power
Profit requires defined person to be defined.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method improving tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging and yield, methods described is to be carried using tung oil tree graft technology
High tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging while also improve the yield of tung oil tree, wherein, described tung oil tree graft technology comprises the steps：
(1) selection of stock and scion：The osmanthus that the age of tree is 6 months is selected to wrinkle No. 27 clone tung trees for stock；Select
The age of tree is 3 years high-qualitys, high yield, disease-free rice tung oil tung oil tree branches is scion；Described branch is tung tree middle and upper part 1 year
Life, robust growth, there is the branch of obvious axillary bud, lignifying or semi-lignified；
(2) selection of grafting time：Selection of time annual spring late January to mid-April；
(3) carry out grafting using cutting side grafting method；Specific as follows：
A, cut stock：Selected stock at the 20cm of ground by the oblique partial application in wind face, depth reach xylem 0.2cm with
Interior, knife edge length 2cm；
B, cut scion：Selected scion branch selects a full axillary bud, cuts off at 1cm above axillary bud, axillary bud
Cut off at the 2.5cm of lower section；Each side cut a knife, mouth is cut as deep as xylem in axillary bud side, cut the long 0.5cm of mouth, opposite side is deep
Reach bast, cut the long 1.5cm of mouth；Bevel is smooth, steeps and rinse out tissue fluid in clear water after cutting；
C, grafting fringe：Alignd in cambial to scion and stock at least side, scion is inserted in stock otch；
D, bundle are tied up：Expose axillary bud, with grafting membrane, scion is fastened with stock, prevent rainwater from entering with mushroom and moisture steaming
Send out；
(4) managing after grafting：Including：
A. grafting terminates rear 20d, checks surviving of grafting；Grafting sprout and interface keep fresh state, then grafting
Survive；As grafting sprout and interface become lead, cut stock, at its graft union below 5cm grafting again；
B. for using the tung oil tree cutting side grafting method and carrying out grafting, after its survival at grafting above 5cm cut off osmanthus wrinkle 27
Number clonal rootstock, cutting off mouth is angle；
C., after the scion growth 30d of grafting survival, untie grafting membrane in time；And real-time inspection and stock of erasing sprout
Bud.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method improving tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging and yield, methods described is to be carried using tung oil tree graft technology
High tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging while also improve the yield of tung oil tree.Wherein, described tung oil tree graft technology comprises the steps：
(1) selection of stock and scion：The osmanthus that the age of tree is 15 months is selected to wrinkle No. 27 clone tung trees for stock；Select
The age of tree is 5 years high-qualitys, high yield, disease-free rice tung oil tung oil tree branches is scion；Described branch is tung tree middle and upper part 1 year
Life, robust growth, there is the branch of obvious axillary bud, lignifying or semi-lignified；
(2) selection of grafting time：Selection of time is in annual late August in spring to late October；
(3) using cutting side grafting method, concrete engrafting method is：
A, cut stock：Selected stock at the 50cm of ground by the oblique partial application in wind face, depth reaches xylem 0.2cm
Within, knife edge length 2.5cm；
B, cut scion：Selected scion branch selects a full axillary bud, cuts off at 1.5cm above axillary bud, armpit
Cut off at 2.5cm below bud；Each side cut a knife, mouth is cut as deep as xylem in axillary bud side, cut the long 0.5cm of mouth, opposite side
As deep as bast, cut the long 2cm of mouth；Bevel is smooth, steeps and rinse out tissue fluid in clear water after cutting；
C, grafting fringe：Alignd in cambial to scion and stock at least side, scion is inserted in stock otch；
D, bundle are tied up：Expose axillary bud, with grafting membrane, scion is fastened with stock, prevent rainwater from entering with mushroom and moisture steaming
Send out；
(4) managing after grafting：Including：
A. grafting terminates rear 20d, checks surviving of grafting；Grafting sprout and interface keep fresh state, then grafting
Survive；As grafting sprout and interface become lead, cut stock, at its graft union below 10cm grafting again；
B. for using the tung oil tree cutting side grafting method and carrying out grafting, after its survival at grafting above 8cm cut off osmanthus wrinkle 27
Number clonal rootstock, cutting off mouth is angle；
C., after the scion growth 30d of grafting survival, untie grafting membrane in time；And real-time inspection and stock of erasing sprout
Bud.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method improving tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging and yield, methods described is to be carried using tung oil tree graft technology
High tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging while also improve the yield of tung oil tree, wherein, described tung oil tree graft technology comprises the steps：
(1) selection of stock and scion：The osmanthus that the age of tree is 8 months is selected to wrinkle No. 27 clone tung trees for stock；Select
The age of tree is the branch on the rice tung oil tree of 4 years is scion；Described branch is that tung tree middle and upper part is annual, robust growth, have bright
The branch of aobvious axillary bud, lignifying or semi-lignified；
(2) selection of grafting time：Selection of time annual spring late January to mid-April；
(3) grafting is carried out using split grafting with top bud method, specific as follows：
A, cut stock：At the 30cm of ground, its snips is removed in described stock, rive in the center of stock otch
One otch, the long 2cm of the edge of a knife；
B, cut scion：Choose terminal bud, cut off at 4cm below terminal bud, be whittled into wedge shape, bevel is smooth, steeps after cutting
Enter and in clear water, rinse out tissue fluid；
C, grafting：Wedge shape scion terminal bud is inserted stock interface, so that stock is alignd with the forming layer at least one side of scion；
D, bundle are tied up：Expose terminal bud, with grafting membrane, scion is fastened with stock, rainwater from being entered with mushroom and moisture steams to prevent
Send out.
(4) managing after grafting：Including：
A. grafting terminates rear 20d, checks surviving of grafting；Grafting sprout and interface keep fresh state, then grafting
Survive；As grafting sprout and interface become lead, cut stock, at its graft union below 8cm grafting again；
B., after the scion growth 30d of grafting survival, untie grafting membrane in time；And real-time inspection and stock of erasing sprout
Bud.
Embodiment 4
A kind of method improving tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging and yield, methods described is to be carried using tung oil tree graft technology
High tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging while also improve the yield of tung oil tree, wherein, described tung oil tree graft technology comprises the steps：
(1) selection of stock and scion：The osmanthus that the age of tree is 12 months is selected to wrinkle No. 27 clone tung trees for stock；Select
The age of tree is the branch on the rice tung oil tree of 4 years is scion；Described branch is that tung tree middle and upper part is annual, robust growth, have bright
The branch of aobvious axillary bud, lignifying or semi-lignified；
(2) selection of grafting time：Selection of time is in annual late August to late October；
(3) using cutting side grafting method or split grafting with top bud method carries out grafting, specific as follows：
A, cut stock：At the 40cm of ground, its snips is removed in described stock, rive in the center of stock otch
One otch, the long 2cm of the edge of a knife；
B, cut scion：Choose terminal bud, cut off at 4cm below terminal bud, be whittled into wedge shape, bevel is smooth, steeps after cutting
Enter and in clear water, rinse out tissue fluid；
C, grafting：Wedge shape scion terminal bud is inserted stock interface, so that stock is alignd with the forming layer at least one side of scion；
D, bundle are tied up：Expose terminal bud, with grafting membrane, scion is fastened with stock, rainwater from being entered with mushroom and moisture steams to prevent
Send out.
(4) managing after grafting：Including：
A. grafting terminates rear 20d, checks surviving of grafting；Grafting sprout and interface keep fresh state, then grafting
Survive；As grafting sprout and interface become lead, cut stock, at its graft union below 8cm grafting again；
B., after the scion growth 30d of grafting survival, untie grafting membrane in time；And real-time inspection and stock of erasing sprout
Bud.
In order to prove that the present invention adopts the effect to tung oil tree for the grafting, applicant has also carried out following test, specific as follows：
Test the impact to tung oil tree survival rate for 1 grafting
Osmanthus is selected to wrinkle No. 27 clone tung trees for stock, stock grafting at the 20-50cm of ground, if after 20d once
Grafting failure can grafting again, improve survival rate；Using the method grafting rice paulownia kind, trial zone amounts to 1765 mu, adopts
Five point sampling methods determine measurement range, and sample region amounts to 10 mu, plant 46 plants for every mu, 460 plants altogether.Be respectively adopted cut side grafting with
Survival rate after split grafting with top bud grafting is shown in Table 1.
1 two kinds of tung oil tree engrafting method survival rates of table
From table 1 can it is apparent that grafting in 20-50cm, after grafting failure can at grafting below at 10cm
Cut off, grafting again can improve survival rate up to more than 10%, and the method tung oil tree graft survival rate may be up to more than 90%.
Test the experiment of 2 grafting tung oil trees anti-Wilt of Tung-oil Trees
Choose planting site identical traditional rice tung oil paulownia pure forest to be contrasted with grafting tung oil tree pure forest, using five point samplings
Method determines measurement range.Sample region scope respectively amounts to 10 mu, every mu of 46 plants of strain number of plantation, respectively altogether 460 plants；Continuous Observation 5 years.
Significant difference (being shown in Table 2) in 5 years disease-resistant rates of two kinds of tung oil tree pure forests.
The disease-resistant rate of 2 two kinds of tung oil tree pure forest Wilt of Tung-oil Trees of table contrasts
Can be apparent from from table 2, traditional rice tung oil paulownia pure forest is disease-resistant to Wilt of Tung-oil Trees with grafting tung oil tree pure forest
Rate has notable difference with the prolongation of the time limit.Traditional rice tung oil paulownia pure forest withers with the increase of the time limit, its oil resistant paulownia
The ability of disease is greatly reduced, and its disease-resistant rate drops to 18.48% from the 100% of First Year, therefore with the increase of the age of tree, tradition
Rice tung oil paulownia is easy to infect droop, thus it is grown causing serious harm in growth course.And grafting tung oil tree
Disease-resistant rate may be up to 99% it is seen that grafting tung oil tree is to Wilt of Tung-oil Trees almost not to infect any droop in the 1-5 of experiment
More than.
Test 3 grafting tung oil tree oil resistant forture paulownia root maize ear rot tests
Choose planting site identical traditional rice tung oil paulownia pure forest to be contrasted with grafting tung oil tree pure forest, using five point samplings
Method determines measurement range.Sample region scope respectively amounts to 20 mu, every mu of 46 plants of strain number of plantation, respectively altogether 920 plants；Continuous Observation 5 years.
Significant difference (being shown in Table 3) in 5 years disease-resistant rates of two kinds of tung oil tree pure forests.
The disease-resistant rate of 3 two kinds of tung oil tree pure forest tung oil tree root rot of table contrasts
From table 3 it can be seen that traditional rice tung oil paulownia pure forest and grafting tung oil tree pure forest to the disease-resistant rate of tung oil tree root rot with
The prolongation the time limit has notable difference.Traditional rice tung oil paulownia First Year is 100% to the disease-resistant rate of tung oil tree root rot, to the
It is reduced to 87.39% within 5 years, with the growth of Planting Years, the probability of its infection tung oil tree root rot increases, and grafting tung oil tree is to oil
The disease-resistant rate of forture paulownia root maize ear rot up to more than 99%, hardly infects tung oil tree root rot.
Test the experiment of 4 grafting tung oil tree oil resistant paulownias big giant coccid
Choose planting site identical traditional rice tung oil paulownia pure forest to be contrasted with grafting tung oil tree pure forest, using five point samplings
Method determines measurement range.Sample region scope respectively amounts to 10 mu, every mu of 46 plants of strain number of plantation, respectively altogether 460 plants；Continuous Observation 5 years.
Significant difference (being shown in Table 4) in 5 years disease-resistant rates of two kinds of tung oil tree pure forests.
The disease-resistant rate of the big giant coccid of 4 two kinds of tung oil tree pure forest tung oil trees of table
Table 4 it is apparent that traditional rice tung oil paulownia pure forest and grafting tung oil tree pure forest to the disease-resistant rate of the big giant coccid of tung oil tree with
The prolongation of the time limit has notable difference.Traditional rice tung oil paulownia First Year is 100% to the disease-resistant rate of the big giant coccid of tung oil tree, to the 5th
Year it is reduced to 80.65%, with the growth of Planting Years, it obtains the probability of tung oil tree big giant coccid disease increases, even if grafting tung oil tree is to the
It is seen then that grafting tung oil tree is to the big giant coccid of tung oil tree, disease-resistant rate is up to more than 90% to 5 years its disease-resistant rates still up to 93.91%.
Test 5 grafting tung oil tree lodging resistance experiments
Traditional rice tung oil tung oil tree belongs to shallow root crop, and root system major part is distributed in upper soll layer, lodging resistance extreme difference；Transfer
Connect selected stock osmanthus and wrinkle No. 27 and belong to deep-rooted crops, root system root system of plant, mainly toward depth to development, gos deep into deep subsoil,
There is good lodging resistance.Choose planting area mountain top windward side identical traditional rice tung oil paulownia pure forest pure with grafting tung oil tree
Woods is contrasted, and determines measurement range using five point sampling methods.Sample region scope respectively amounts to 5 mu, every mu of 46 plants of strain number of plantation, respectively
Amount to 230 plants；Continuous Observation 7 years.Significant difference (being shown in Table 5) in 7 years lodging resistances of two kinds of tung oil tree pure forests.
5 two kinds of tung oil tree pure forests of table rate resistant to lodging
It is apparent that lodging resistance the prolonging with the time limit of traditional rice tung oil paulownia pure forest and grafting tung oil tree pure forest in table 5
Length has notable difference.With the increase of the time limit of planting, its lodging resistance increases the rate resistant to lodging of traditional rice tung oil paulownia, from the
100% in 1 year, was reduced to 64.35% by the 5th year, therefore, increased with the time limit, traditional tung oil tree run into more than or big
Easily lodge during wind, and the rate resistant to lodging of grafting tung oil tree can also reach when the 5th year 98.70% it is seen that grafting tung oil tree anti-fall
Volt rate up to more than 95% is it is difficult to lodge.
After testing 6 graftings, fruit bearing rate and yield comparison are tested
Choose planting site identical traditional rice tung oil paulownia pure forest and carry out fruit bearing rate, yield comparison with grafting tung oil tree, adopt
Five point sampling methods determine measurement range.Respectively amount to 25 mu in the range of sample region, plant 46 plants for every mu, respectively altogether 1150 plants.Amount to
Surveillance for 8 Years (the 3rd year starts to bear fruit).Traditional rice tung oil paulownia pure forest and grafting tung oil tree fruit bearing rate and yield (being shown in Table 6).
As can be seen from Table 6, tung oil tree pure forest fruit bearing rate after traditional rice tung oil paulownia kind pure forest and grafting, yield have bright
Significant difference is different.After grafting, tung oil tree fruit bearing rate shifts to an earlier date, and after stable yields, tung oil tree yield can improve about 10% about.
Table 6 traditional rice tung oil paulownia pure forest and grafting tung oil tree pure forest fruit bearing rate and yield
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all substantive in the present invention
Any modification, equivalent and simple modifications of being made in content etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method improving tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging and yield is it is characterised in that methods described is using tung oil tree grafting
Technology improve tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging while also improve the yield of tung oil tree.
2. according to claim 1 improve that tung oil tree is resistant to lodging, the method for disease resistance and yield is it is characterised in that described oil
Paulownia graft technology comprises the steps：
(1) selection of stock and scion：The osmanthus that the age of tree is 6-15 month is selected to wrinkle No. 27 clone tung trees for stock；Select tree
Age is 3-5 high-quality, high yield, disease-free rice tung oil tung oil tree branch are scion, and described branch is tung tree middle and upper part 1 year
Life, robust growth, there is the branch of obvious axillary bud, lignifying or semi-lignified；
(2) selection of grafting time：Selection of time late January to mid-April in annual spring or late August to 10 below the moon
Ten days；
(3) using cutting side grafting method or split grafting with top bud method carries out grafting；
(4) managing after grafting：Including：
A. grafting terminates rear 20d, checks surviving of grafting；Grafting sprout and interface keep fresh state, then grafting becomes
Live；As grafting sprout and interface become lead, cut stock, at its graft union below 5-10cm grafting again；
B. for using the tung oil tree cutting side grafting method and carrying out grafting, after its survival at grafting above 5-8cm cut off osmanthus and wrinkle No. 27
Clonal rootstock, cutting off mouth is angle；
C., after the scion growth 30d of grafting survival, untie grafting membrane in time；And real-time inspection and stock rudiment of erasing.
3. improve the method for tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging and yield according to claim 1 it is characterised in that described cut abdomen
The concretely comprising the following steps of connection：
(1) cut stock：Selected stock at the 20-50cm of ground by the oblique partial application in wind face, depth reach xylem 0.2cm with
Interior, knife edge length 2-2.5cm；
(2) cut scion：Selected scion branch selects a full axillary bud, cuts off at 1-1.5cm above axillary bud, axillary bud
Cut off at the 2.5cm of lower section；Each side cut a knife, mouth is cut as deep as xylem in axillary bud side, cut the long 0.5cm of mouth, opposite side is deep
Reach bast, cut the long 1.5-2cm of mouth；Bevel is smooth, steeps and rinse out tissue fluid in clear water after cutting；
(3) grafting fringe：Alignd in cambial to scion and stock at least side, scion is inserted in stock otch；
(4) prick and tie up：Expose axillary bud, with grafting membrane, scion is fastened with stock, prevent rainwater from entering and moisture evaporation with mushroom.
4. the method improving tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging and yield according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described terminal bud
The concretely comprising the following steps of cleft graft：
(1) cut stock：At the 20-50cm of ground, its snips is removed in described stock, rive in the center of stock otch
One otch, the long 2-3cm of the edge of a knife；
(2) cut scion：Choose terminal bud, cut off at 3-5cm below terminal bud, be whittled into wedge shape, bevel is smooth, steep after cutting into
Tissue fluid is rinsed out in clear water；
(3) grafting：Wedge shape scion terminal bud is inserted stock interface, so that stock is alignd with the forming layer at least one side of scion；
(4) prick and tie up：Expose terminal bud, with grafting membrane, scion is fastened with stock, to prevent rainwater from entering and moisture evaporation with mushroom.
5. the method improving tung oil tree disease resistance, resistant to lodging and yield according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described is anti-
Characteristic of disease includes anti-Wilt of Tung-oil Trees, oil resistant forture paulownia root maize ear rot and the big giant coccid of oil resistant paulownia.
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