CN106414420A - 制备1-茚满醇和1-茚满胺的方法 - Google Patents

制备1-茚满醇和1-茚满胺的方法 Download PDF

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CN106414420A
CN106414420A CN201580005701.7A CN201580005701A CN106414420A CN 106414420 A CN106414420 A CN 106414420A CN 201580005701 A CN201580005701 A CN 201580005701A CN 106414420 A CN106414420 A CN 106414420A
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M·J·福特
J-P·沃斯
O·博杜安
S·雅诺迪
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Abstract

本发明涉及通过钯催化的芳基化来制备1‑茚满醇和1‑茚满胺的方法,及其作为中间产品用于合成精细化学品和农用化学品活性物质的用途。

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制备1-茚满醇和1-茚满胺的方法
本发明涉及通过钯催化的芳基化来制备1-茚满醇和1-茚满胺的方法,及其作为中间体用于合成精细化学品和农用化学品活性成分的用途。
式(I)的1-茚满醇和1-茚满胺——其中Y为取代的羟基或氨基——构成了许多农学活性物质的重要结构元素,例如WO 2004/069814 A1和WO 2007/112834 A1中所公开的。
J.A.Pincock等人:“The Photochemistry of Conformationally RigidBenzylic Esters:2,2-Dimethyl-1-indanyl Acetates and Pivalates”,TheJournal of Organic Chemistry 1995,13,4067,记载了通过还原相应的1-茚满酮来制备1-茚满醇的方法。
Hui Fang等人:“Rapid Catalyst Screening by a Continuous-FlowMicroreactor lnterfaced with Ultra-High-Pressure LiquidChromatography”,The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2010,16,5619,记载了由相应的3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2,2-二甲基丙腈出发或由酰基缩醛胺(acylaminal)前体出发来合成茚满胺的方法。
由C.Pierre,O.Baudoin,Org.Lett.2011,13,1816和N.Martin,C.Pierre,M.Davi,R.Jazzar,O.Baudoin,O.Chem.–Eur.J.2012,18,4480可知2-卤代酮(IIa)或2-卤代化合物(IIb)的钯(0)催化的芳基化。在两种情况下,起始化合物(IIa)和(IIb)均为这样的化合物:其中相对于苯环上的卤素原子,在2位上的碳原子不带有氢原子(式IIa中的C=O,式IIb中的CRY,其中R和Y各自均不为氢):
然而,这些文献中指出的用于制备1-茚满醇和1-茚满胺的方法均局限于在实验室规模上进行,原因在于它们存在许多缺点且因此不适于工业生产。经由2-卤代化合物的钯催化芳基化的已知现有技术方法的另一非常显著的缺点在于:迄今为止它们仅被记载用于起始化合物(IIa)和(IIb)——其中相对于苯环上的卤素原子,在2位上的碳原子不带有氢原子——并因此导致其中R不为氢的1-茚满醇和1-茚满胺(Ia)的形成。
然而,对于制备上述农学活性物质而言,式(I)的1-茚满醇和1-茚满胺仍是人们感兴趣的中间体,即,其中被基团Y取代的碳原子仍带有氢原子的那些。
本发明的目的是提供用于制备1-茚满醇和1-茚满胺的方法,其克服了现有技术中已知方法的缺点。
现已发现,1-茚满醇和1-茚满胺可通过1-(2-卤代苯基)烷-1-醇或1-(2-卤代苯基)烷-1-胺的钯催化的芳基化而高收率地制备。
因此,本发明提供用于制备通式(I)的1-茚满醇和1-茚满胺的方法,其包括在膦配体、碱和溶剂的存在下,在钯催化下,在高温下使1-(2-卤代苯基)烷-1-醇或1-(2-卤代苯基)烷-1-胺(II)反应,
且其中基团、符号和下标定义如下:
Y为NR1R2或OR3
R1为氢或COR4
R2为COR4
或者R1和R2一起形成基团COCH2CH2CO或CO-亚苯基-CO,
R3为Si(R5)3或新戊酰基(2,2-二甲基丙酰基),
R4为(C1-C6)-烷基或苯基,
R5为(C1-C6)-烷基或苯基,
Hal为氯、溴或碘,
R为氟、(C1-C3)-烷基或(C1-C3)-烷氧基,
X1为氢或(C1-C6)-烷基,
X2为氢或(C1-C6)-烷基,
X3为氢或(C1-C6)-烷基,
X4为氢或(C1-C6)-烷基,
或者
X1和X2,或
X3和X4,或
X1和X3与它们所连接的碳原子一起在每种情况下形成3至7元饱和环,
或者
Y和X1与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成5至7元饱和环,
m为0、1、2或3。
合适的钯催化剂为例如Pd(OAc)2、Pd2dba3(三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0))、PdCl2和PdBr2,其中优选为Pd(OAc)2。通常钯催化剂的用量为0.1至10mol%,优选为1至10mol%,更优选为1至5mol%,基于化合物(II)计。
合适的膦配体为例如三烷基膦、三环烷基膦(例如三环己基膦)、三芳基膦(例如三苯基膦)、三邻甲苯基膦、三(4-二甲基氨基苯基)膦和烷基二芳基膦(例如丁基二苯基膦),其中特别优选为三苯基膦。膦也可以盐形式使用,例如与HBF4的盐。通常膦配体的用量为0.1至10mol%,优选为1至10mol%,更优选为1至5mol%,基于化合物(II)计。
钯催化剂和膦配体可作为单独的化合物使用或有利地以预制配合物的形式使用——例如,作为四(三苯基膦)钯使用,其是特别优选的。
合适的碱为例如碱金属的碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、磷酸盐、醇盐及羧酸盐,例如,Li2CO3、Na2CO3、K2CO3、NaHCO3、KHCO3、K3PO4、K2HPO4、NaOMe、NaOEt、NaOiPr、NaOtBu、KOMe、KOEt、KOiPr、KOtBu、NaOAc、KOAc、NaOPiv(新戊酸钠)、KOPiv、NaOCOPh及KOCOPh或这些碱的混合物。优选碳酸盐和羧酸盐的混合物。特别优选K2CO3和KOPiv的混合物。碱通常以1至5摩尔比使用,基于化合物(II)计。
合适的溶剂为例如芳族化合物,如甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯及苯甲醚;醚,如二丁醚、二苯醚及聚乙二醇醚;酯,如乙酸丁酯和乙酸异丙酯;酰胺,如二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺及二丁基甲酰胺,或其混合物。特别优选为芳族溶剂,例如二甲苯。
本发明的制备方法通常在高于100℃至最高达所述溶剂的沸点的高温下进行。优选的范围为120至150℃。如果所述溶剂的沸点低于此,则在超大气压力下进行是有利的。
所述方法优选用于上述式的化合物,其中所述基团、符号和下标定义如下:
Y为NR1R2或OR3
R1为氢或COR4
R2为COR4
R3为Si(R5)3或2,2-二甲基丙酰基,
R4为叔丁基,
R5为异丙基,
Hal为溴或碘,
R为氟、甲基或甲氧基,
X1为氢或甲基,
X2为氢或甲基,
X3为氢或甲基,
X4为氢或甲基,
或者
X1和X2,或
X3和X4,或
X1和X3与它们所连接的碳原子一起在每种情况下形成3至7元饱和环,
或者
Y和X1与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成5至7元饱和环,
m为0、1、2或3。
在式(I)和以下所有式中,具有多于两个碳原子的烷基可为直链或支链的。烷基为例如甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基或2-丁基、戊基及己基(例如,正己基、异己基和1,3-二甲基丁基)。
以下实施例说明本发明。
本文所用的缩写为:
Ac 乙酸盐 Cy 环己基 Cyp 环戊基
Me 甲基 Ph 苯基 Piv 新戊酸盐
TiPs 三异丙基甲硅烷基
一般说明:
在惰性气体下,引入钯催化剂(0.015mmol,5mol%)、任选的膦配体(0.03mmol,10mol%)及碱(例如新戊酸钾(0.030mmol,10mol%)和K2CO3(0.3mmol,1.0当量),并加入溶剂(3mL的二甲苯)和式(II)的化合物(0.3mmol,1.0当量)。然后将混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟,随后加热至140℃并在此温度下搅拌16小时。在将混合物冷却至室温后,将其过滤,除去溶剂,并将残余物通过色谱法进行纯化。
实施例1:由[1-(2-溴苯基)-2,2-二甲基丙氧基](三异丙基)硅烷制备2,2-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基)氧基)三异丙基硅烷
根据一般说明进行该反应,使用5mol%的Pd(PPh3)4,且得到89%的收率。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ1.01(s,3H),1.06-1.25(m,24H),2.60(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),2.75(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),4.93(s,1H),7.11-7.22(m,3H),7.29-7.38(m,1H)。
实施例2:由[1-(2-溴苯基)-环丙基乙氧基](三异丙基)硅烷制备((2’,3’-二氢螺[环丙烷-1,1’-茚]-3’-基)氧基)三异丙基硅烷
根据一般说明进行该反应,使用5mol%的Pd(PPh3)4,且得到69%的收率。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ0.70-0.82(m,1H),0.85-0.96(m,1H),1.00-1.27(m,23H),2.31(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),5.60(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.67-6.76(m,1H),7.17-7.27(m,2H),7.39-7.46(m,1H)。
实施例3:由[1-(2-溴-4,5-二甲氧基苯基)-2,2-二甲基丙氧基](三叔丁基)硅烷制备((5,6-二甲氧基-2,2-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基)氧基)三异丙基硅烷
根据一般说明进行该反应,使用5mol%的Pd(PPh3)4,且得到84%的收率。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ1.02(s,3H),1.06-1.25(m,24H),2.53(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),2.69(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),3.85(s,6H),4.86(s,1H),6.69(s,1H),6.89(s,1H)。
实施例4:由[1-(2-溴-5-甲氧基苯基)-2,2-二甲基丙氧基](三叔丁基)硅烷制备((6-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基)氧基)三异丙基硅烷
根据一般说明进行该反应,使用5mol%的Pd(PPh3)4,且得到81%的收率。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ0.98(s,3H),1.05-1.28(m,24H),2.54(d,J=14.8Hz,1H),2.65(d,J=14.8Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),4.90(s,1H),6.73(dd,J=2.5,8.1Hz,1H),6.89(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.04(d,J=8.1Hz,1H)。
实施例5:由[1-(2-溴-5-氟苯基)-2,2-二甲基丙氧基](三叔丁基)硅烷制备((6-氟-2,2-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基)氧基)三异丙基硅烷
根据一般说明进行该反应,使用5mol%的Pd(PPh3)4,且得到84%的收率。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ1.00(s,3H),1.06-1.26(m,24H),2.55(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),2.68(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),4.90(s,1H),6.87(ddd,J=2.5,8.1,9.2Hz,1H),7.00(dd,J=2.5,8.7Hz,1H),7.07(dd,J=5.2,8.1Hz,1H)。
实施例6:由1-(2-溴苯基)-2,2-二甲基丙基2,2-二甲基丙酸酯制备2,2-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基2,2-二甲基丙酸酯
根据一般说明进行该反应,使用5mol%的Pd(PPh3)4,且得到95%的收率。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ1.09(s,3H),1.16(s,3H),1.21(s,9H),2.69(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),2.87(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),5.81(s,1H),7.09-7.29(m,4H)。
实施例7:由1-(2-溴-5-甲氧基苯基)-2,2-二甲基丙基2,2-二甲基丙酸酯制备6-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基2,2-二甲基丙酸酯
根据一般说明进行该反应,使用5mol%的Pd(PPh3)4,且得到88%的收率。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ1.09(s,3H),1.16(s,3H),1.22(s,9H),2.63(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),2.80(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),3.77(s,3H),5.79(s,1H),6.77-6.84(m,2H),7.05-7.12(m,1H)。
实施例8:由1-(2-溴-5-氟苯基)-2,2-二甲基丙基2,2-二甲基丙酸酯制备6-氟-2,2-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基2,2-二甲基丙酸酯
根据一般说明进行该反应,使用5mol%的Pd(PPh3)4,且得到76%的收率。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ1.08(s,3H),1.16(s,3H),1.22(s,9H),2.65(d,J=15.4Hz,1H),2.81(d,J=15.4Hz,1H),5.76(s,1H),6.87-6.99(m,2H),7.08-7.15(m,1H)。
实施例9:由5-(2-溴苯基)-4,4-二甲基二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮制备(3aR*,8bS*)-3a-甲基-3,3a,4,8b-四氢-2H-茚并[1,2-b]呋喃-2-酮
根据一般说明进行该反应,使用5mol%的Pd(PPh3)4,且得到88%的收率。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ1.34(s,3H),2.45(d,J=17.8Hz,1H),2.51(d,J=17.8Hz,1H),2.87(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),3.00(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),5.32(s,1H),7.13-7.29(m,3H),7.36(d,J=7.2Hz,1H)。
实施例10:由2-[1-(2-溴苯基)-2-甲基丙基]-1H-异吲哚-1,3(2H)-二酮制备2-(2-甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基)异吲哚啉-1,3-二酮
根据一般说明进行该反应,使用5mol%的Pd(PPh3)4,且得到收率为54%的反式异构体。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ1.27(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),2.65(dd,J=8.6,15.6Hz,1H),3.00-3.18(m,1H),3.37(dd,J=8.2,15.6Hz,1H),5.43(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.01(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.11-7.19(m,1H),7.20-7.30(m,2H),7.70-7.79(m,2H),7.82-7.91(m,2H)。
实施例11:由2-[1-(2-溴苯基)-2,2-二甲基丙基]-1H-异吲哚-1,3(2H)-二酮制备2-(2,2-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基)异吲哚啉-1,3-二酮
根据一般说明进行该反应,使用5mol%的Pd(PPh3)4,且得到86%的收率。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ0.64(s,3H),0.83(s,3H),2.34(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),2.87(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),4.9(s,1H),6.66-6.77(m,2H),6.80-6.89(m,2H),7.16-7.33(m,3H),7.42-7.49(m,1H)。
实施例12:由2-[1-(2-溴-5-甲基苯基)-2-甲基丙基]-1H-异吲哚-1,3(2H)-二酮经2-[(1R,2S)-2,6-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基]-1H-异吲哚-1,3(2H)-二酮来制备(1R,2S)-2,6-二甲基茚满-1-胺
首先根据一般说明进行该反应,使用5mol%的Pd(PPh3)4,且得到收率为55%的初级产物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ1.24(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),2.25(s,3H),2.58(dd,J=8.0,15.7Hz,1H),2.97-3.15(m,1H),3.32(dd,J=8.2,15.7Hz,1H),5.37(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.80(s,1H),7.03(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.14(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.70-7.78(m,2H),7.80-7.90(m,2H)。
然后在0℃下,将0.17mmol的2-(2,6-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基)异吲哚啉-1,3-二酮在1mL甲醇和1mL THF中的溶液与1.7mmol的水合肼混合。然后将混合物在室温下搅拌12小时。将混合物过滤并浓缩。将残余物在DCM和水之间分配,并将有机相分离并使用饱和NaHCO3洗涤。经MgSO4干燥并浓缩后,获得收率为98%的固体产物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ1.25(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),1.68(s,2H),1.90-2.08(m,1H),2.35(s,3H),2.44(dd,J=9.5,15.3Hz,1H),2.99(dd,J=7.7,15.3Hz,1H),3.76(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.01(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.08(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.13(s,1H)。
实施例13:由[1-(2-溴苯基)-2-甲基丙氧基](三异丙基)硅烷制备三异丙基((2-甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-1-基)氧基)硅烷
使用不同的钯催化剂、膦配体和不同量的碱进行该反应。这些在不同条件下所完成的实验的结果列于下表中:
顺式异构体:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ0.99(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.08-1.25(m,21H),2.56-2.68(m,2H),2.92(dd,J=7.1,15.7Hz,1H),5.29(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),7.17-7.25(m,3H),7.35-7.43(m,1H)。
反式异构体:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,293K)δ1.05-1.31(m,24H),2.34-2.57(m,2H),3.10-3.33(m,1H),4.98(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),7.19-7.28(m,3H),7.37-7.46(m,1H)。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于制备通式(I)的1-茚满醇和1-茚满胺的方法,其包括在膦配体、碱和溶剂的存在下,在钯催化下,在高温下使1-(2-卤代苯基)烷-1-醇或1-(2-卤代苯基)烷-1-胺(II)反应,
且其中基团、符号和下标定义如下:
Y为NR1R2或OR3
R1为氢或COR4
R2为COR4
或者R1和R2一起形成基团COCH2CH2CO或CO-亚苯基-CO,
R3为Si(R5)3或2,2-二甲基丙酰基,
R4为(C1-C6)-烷基或苯基,
R5为(C1-C6)-烷基或苯基,
Hal为氯、溴或碘,
R为氟、(C1-C3)-烷基或(C1-C3)-烷氧基,
X1为氢或(C1-C6)-烷基,
X2为氢或(C1-C6)-烷基,
X3为氢或(C1-C6)-烷基,
X4为氢或(C1-C6)-烷基,
或者
X1和X2,或
X3和X4,或
X1和X3与它们所连接的碳原子一起在每种情况下形成3至7元饱和环,
或者
Y和X1与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成5至7元饱和环,
m为0、1、2或3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中基团、符号和下标具有以下定义:
Y为NR1R2或OR3
R1为氢或COR4
R2为COR4
R3为Si(R5)3或2,2-二甲基丙酰基,
R4为叔丁基,
R5为异丙基,
Hal为溴或碘,
R为氟、甲基或甲氧基,
X1为氢或甲基,
X2为氢或甲基,
X3为氢或甲基,
X4为氢或甲基,
或者
X1和X2,或
X3和X4,或
X1和X3与它们所连接的碳原子一起在每种情况下形成3至7元饱和环,
或者
Y和X1与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成5至7元饱和环,
m为0、1、2或3。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所用的钯催化剂为选自Pd(OAc)2、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)、PdCl2及PdBr2的化合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中使用Pd(OAc)2
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中使用三苯基膦作为配体。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中使用四(三苯基膦)钯作为复合的钯催化剂和配体。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中在每种情况下,钯催化剂和配体或其组合物的用量为0.1至10mol%,基于化合物(II)计。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中在每种情况下,钯催化剂和配体或其组合物的用量为1至5mol%,基于化合物(II)计。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其中所用的碱为碱金属碳酸盐和碱金属新戊酸盐的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其中碱以1至5摩尔比使用,基于化合物(II)计。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法,其中所用的溶剂选自芳族化合物。
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