CN104529879A - 一种2-取代吡啶类药物中间体化合物的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种2-取代吡啶类药物中间体化合物的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN104529879A
CN104529879A CN201510021195.2A CN201510021195A CN104529879A CN 104529879 A CN104529879 A CN 104529879A CN 201510021195 A CN201510021195 A CN 201510021195A CN 104529879 A CN104529879 A CN 104529879A
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黄程
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Hou Fanglin
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种式(I)所示2-取代吡啶类药物中间体化合物的合成方法,所述方法包括在有机溶剂中,于催化剂、配体、碱和助剂的存在下,式(II)化合物与式(III)化合物反应,从而得到所述式(I)化合物,其中,R1、R2、R3各自独立地选自H、卤素或C1-C6烷基;为未取代或带有1-2个取代基的C6-C10芳基或者为未取代或带有1-2个取代基的C4-C10杂环基,所述取代基为卤素、硝基或C1-C6烷基;Hal为卤素。所述方法通过催化剂、配体、碱和助剂的合适选择与组合,从而取得了高产率,具有良好的工业化前景和应用潜力。

Description

一种2-取代吡啶类药物中间体化合物的合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种药物中间体化合物的合成方法,更具体地涉及一种2-取代吡啶类药物中间体化合物的合成方法,属于有机合成和药物化学中间体技术领域。
背景技术
在有机化学领域中,吡啶类结构模块广泛存在于合成药物、天然产物以及功能材料之中,尤其是在包含杂环或稠合环的药物化合物中十分常见。因此,开发这类化合物对药物及其中间体的设计与合成具有十分重要的作用。
传统的吡啶类化合物的合成方法主要涉及羰基化合物的缩合反应,但该方法存在一些局限性,例如底物扩展性不好。近年来,为了改善此类方法的局限性,众多科研人员研究出了多种吡啶类化合物的制备工艺,例如:
Liu Chun等人(“A fast and oxygen-promoted protocol for the ligand-free Suzuki reaction of 2-halogenated pyridines in aqueous media”,Chem.Commun.,2009,6267-6269)报道了一种以2-卤代吡啶为反应原料,通过Pd(OAc)2催化的Suzuki反应制备相应的2-芳基吡啶类化合物的方法。该方法以氧为促进剂、无需配体,且反应快速,具有广泛的实际应用潜力。
Wang Yi-Feng等人(“Mn(III)-Mediated Reactions of Cyclopropanols with Vinyl Azides:Synthesis of Pyridine and 2-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-2-en-1-olDerivatives”,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2009,131,12570-12572)公开了一种2,6-二芳基吡啶的制备方法,该方法通过乙烯基叠氮与1,2-二取代环丙醇为原料间的反应,在Mn(III)如Mn(acac)3的催化下而成功制得2,6-二芳基吡啶类化合物,其反应类型新颖,收率较高,对于该类化合物的方法学研究提供了新的渠道。
此外,Timothy J.Donohoe等人(“Ring-closing metathesis for the synthesis of heteroaromatics:evaluating routes to pyridines and pyridazines”,Tetrahedron,2009,65,8969-8980)报道了一种采用烯烃复分解关环反应(RCM)来制备取代吡啶类化合物的方法。
Denise A.Colby等(“Synthesis of Dihydropyridines and Pyridines fromImines and Alkynes via C-H Activation”,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2008,130,3645-3651)公开了一种通过C-H活化的手段将亚胺和炔烃转化为吡啶类化合物的方法。
如上所述,尽管现有技术中已经报道了多种该类化合物尤其是吡啶类的制备方法,但对于2-取代吡啶类化合物的合成方法却并不多见,并且反应收率也不够理想。
基于这些问题,本发明人通过大量的实验研究而开发了一种2-取代吡啶类药物中间体化合物的合成方法,该方法有效地提高了反应产物收率、缩短了反应进程,具有广泛的工业应用前景。
发明内容
针对上述存在的诸多缺陷,本发明人在付出了大量的创造性劳动后,经过深入研究而开发了一种2-取代吡啶类药物中间体化合物的合成方法。
具体而言,本发明提供了一种式(I)所示2-取代吡啶类药物中间体化合物的合成方法,
所述方法包括:在有机溶剂中,于催化剂、配体、碱和助剂的存在下,式(II)化合物与式(III)化合物反应反应,从而得到所述式(I)化合物,
其中,R1、R2、R3各自独立地选自H、卤素或C1-C6烷基;
为未取代或带有1-2个取代基的C6-C10芳基或者为未取代或带有1-2个取代基的C4-C10杂环基,所述取代基为卤素、硝基或C1-C6烷基;
Hal为卤素。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,卤素原子是指氟、氯、溴或碘原子。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,C1-C6烷基是指具有1-6个碳原子的烷基,例如可为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、正己基等。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,C6-C10芳基是指具有6-10个碳原子的芳基,例如可为苯基或萘基。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,C4-C10杂环基是指具有4-10个碳原子的杂环基,例如可为噻吩、呋喃基、噻唑基、吡啶基、哌嗪基或哌啶基等。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,所述催化剂为铜化合物,例如可为卤化铜、卤化亚铜、硫酸铜、硝酸铜、乙酸铜、乙酰丙酮铜(Cu(acac)2)、乙基乙酰乙酸铜(II)、六氟乙酰丙酮铜、酞菁铜、柠檬酸铜、萘酸铜等中的任何一种或多种。
其中,所述卤化铜、卤化亚铜例如可为CuCl、CuBr、CuCl2或CuBr2
其中,所述催化剂优选为乙基乙酰乙酸铜(II)、六氟乙酰丙酮铜或萘酸铜;最优选为乙基乙酰乙酸铜(II)。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,所述配体为含磷配体、含氮配体或同时含有磷和氮的配体,最优选为同时含有磷和氮的配体。
进一步地,所述配体为邻菲罗啉、下式L1、下式L2或下式L3中的任意一种:
优选为L1或L3,最优选为L1。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,所述碱为有机碱,非限定性地例如可为三甲胺、三乙胺、二乙醇胺、二异丙醇胺、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、二甲氨基吡啶(DMPA)、1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷(DABCO)等中的任意一种或任意多种的混合物,优选为DMPA或DABCO,最优选为DMPA。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,所述助剂为乙酸银。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,所述有机溶剂例如可为C1-C4醇(如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇等)、醚类化合物(如四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、乙醚等)、酮类化合物(如丙酮、甲基叔丁基酮等)、芳香烃(如苯、甲苯、乙苯、氯苯等)或卤代烷烃(如1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿、二氯甲烷、四氯化碳等)。
其中,所述有机溶剂的用量并无特别的限定,可根据反应的需要进行合适的选择,这是本领域技术人员所具有的常规能力和技术知识。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,所述式(II)化合物与式(III)的摩尔比为1:1-2,例如可为1:1、1:1.5或1:2。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,所述式(II)化合物与催化剂的摩尔比为1:0.05-0.15,例如可为1:0.05、1:0.1或1:0.15。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,所述式(II)化合物与配体的摩尔比为1:0.05-0.1,例如可为1:0.05、1:0.07、1:0.09或1:0.1。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,所述式(II)化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:1-2,例如可为1:1、1:1.5或1:2。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,所述式(II)化合物与助剂的摩尔比为1:0.2-0.6,例如可为1:0.2、1:0.4或1:0.6。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,反应温度为60-90℃,例如可为60℃、70℃、80℃或90℃。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,反应时间为8-12小时,例如可为8小时、10小时或12小时。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,反应结束后的后处理可如下:反应结束后,将反应体系自然冷却至室温,去离子水充分洗涤,分层,取上层有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,将所得残留物过硅胶柱色谱分离,所使用的洗脱液为正丁醇和乙酸乙酯的混合物,两者的体积比为1:3-5,即得所述式(I)化合物。
在本发明的所述合成方法中,作为一种例举,为3,4-二氟苯基、对硝基苯基、吡啶-2-基或萘-2-基;R1-R3可均为H。
如上所述,本发明通过采用酰卤化合物与胺化合物作为反应底物,在合适的催化剂、配体、碱和助剂的协同作用下,而能够以高产率得到2-位上被取代的吡啶类药物中间体化合物,具有良好的工业化应用前景和价值。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但这些例举性实施方式的用途和目的仅用来例举本发明,并非对本发明的实际保护范围构成任何形式的任何限定,更非将本发明的保护范围局限于此。
其中,在实施例中使用的配体L1-L3即为上述所列的配体L1-L3。
实施例1:2-(3,4-二氟苯基)吡啶
室温下,向反应器中的适量正丙醇中,加入100mmol 3,4-二氟苯甲酰氯、100mmol正丁胺、5mmol乙基乙酰乙酸铜(II)、5mmol配体L1、100mmol二甲氨基吡啶和20mmol乙酸银,搅拌升温至60℃,并在该温度下持续搅拌反应12小时。
反应结束后,将反应体系自然冷却至室温,去离子水充分洗涤,分层,取上层有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,将所得残留物过硅胶柱色谱分离,所使用的洗脱液为正丁醇和乙酸乙酯的混合物,两者的体积比为1:3,
即得式(I)化合物2-(3,4-二氟苯基)吡啶,产率为96.2%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.62(dd,J=4.8,0.6Hz,1H),7.83(ddd,J=11.7,7.8,2.2Hz,1H),7.75(dddd,J=21.7,19.8,12.8,4.9Hz,3H),7.25-7.13(m,2H)。
MS m/z:192.06(M+1,100)。
实施例2:2-对硝基苯基吡啶
室温下,向反应器中的适量甲苯中,加入100mmol对硝基苯甲酰氯、150mmol正丁胺、10mmol乙基乙酰乙酸铜(II)、8mmol配体L1、150mmol二甲氨基吡啶和40mmol乙酸银,搅拌升温至80℃,并在该温度下持续搅拌反应10小时。
反应结束后,将反应体系自然冷却至室温,去离子水充分洗涤,分层,取上层有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,将所得残留物过硅胶柱色谱分离,所使用的洗脱液为正丁醇和乙酸乙酯的混合物,两者的体积比为1:4,即得式(I)化合物2-对硝基苯基吡啶,产率为95.8%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.76-8.70(m,1H),8.35-8.25(m,2H),8.23-8.15(m,2H),7.88-7.74(m,2H),7.35(ddd,J=6.7,4.8,2.2Hz,1H)。
MS m/z:201.06(M+1,100)。
实施例3:2,2’-联吡啶
室温下,向反应器中适量1,2-二氯乙烷中,加入100mmol吡啶-2-基甲酰氯、200mmol正丁胺、15mmol乙基乙酰乙酸铜(II)、10mmol配体L1、200mmol二甲氨基吡啶和60mmol乙酸银,搅拌升温至90℃,并在该温度下持续搅拌反应8小时。
反应结束后,将反应体系自然冷却至室温,去离子水充分洗涤,分层,取上层有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,将所得残留物过硅胶柱色谱分离,所使用的洗脱液为正丁醇和乙酸乙酯的混合物,两者的体积比为1:5,即得式(I)化合物2,2’-联吡啶,产率为96.7%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.69(dd,J=4.7,0.7Hz,2H),8.38(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.81(td,J=7.8,1.8Hz,2H),7.35(ddd,J=7.5,4.8,1.1Hz,2H)。
MS m/z:157.07(M+1,100)。
实施例4:2-(萘-2-基)吡啶
室温下,向反应器中适量2-甲基四氢呋喃中,加入100mmol萘-2-基甲酰氯、150mmol正丁胺、8mmol乙基乙酰乙酸铜(II)、7mmol配体L1、150mmol二甲氨基吡啶和30mmol乙酸银,搅拌升温至60℃,并在该温度下持续搅拌反应10小时。
反应结束后,将反应体系自然冷却至室温,去离子水充分洗涤,分层,取上层有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,将所得残留物过硅胶柱色谱分离,所使用的洗脱液为正丁醇和乙酸乙酯的混合物,两者的体积比为1:4,即得式(I)化合物2-(萘-2-基)吡啶,产率为95.1%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.78(dd,J=4.8,0.7Hz,1H),8.57(s,1H),8.14(dd,J=8.6,1.7Hz,1H),7.99-7.88(m,2H),7.87-7.75(m,2H),7.72-7.67(m,1H),7.53-7.44(m,2H),7.25-7.22(m,1H)。
MS m/z:206.09(M+1,100)。
实施例5-16
除采用不同的铜催化剂代替乙基乙酰乙酸铜(II)外,分别以实施例1-4的相同方式进行了实施例5-16,具体铜化合物、对应关系和产物产率结果见下表1。
表1:催化剂的影响
由上述实施例1-4及上表1可见,其它的铜化合物在催化性能上均要弱于乙基乙酰乙酸铜(II),其中六氟乙酰丙酮铜和萘酸铜的催化性能较好,这证明了乙基乙酰乙酸铜(II)具有最好的催化效果。
实施例17-20
除采用不同的配体外,分别以实施例1-4的相同方式进行了实施例17-20,具体配体、对应关系和产物产率结果见下表2。
表2:配体的影响
由上述实施例1-4及上表2可见,其它的配体中,L3具有相对较好的性能,而L1具有最好的性能。
实施例21-30
除采用不同的碱代替DMPA外,分别以与实施例1-4的相同方式进行了实施例21-30,具体碱、对应关系和产物产率结果见下表3。
表3:碱的影响
由上述实施例1-4及上表3可见,其它的碱中,DABCO具有相对较好的性能,而DMPA具有最好的性能,这是出人意料的,可能体系的pKa值需要维持在一定合适的范围内方能取得最好的技术效果有着密切关系。
实施例31-34
除省略掉助剂乙酸银外,分别以实施例1-4的相同方式进行了实施例31-34,具体结果见下表4。
表4:不存在助剂时的结果
由此可见,当不存在助剂乙酸银时,产物的产率有大幅度降低,由此证明了助剂乙酸银能够与催化剂发挥独特的协同促进作用,这是非显而易见的。
实施例35-50
实施例35-38:分别将实施例1-4中的乙酸银替换为硝酸银,得到实施例35-38。
实施例39-42:分别将实施例1-4中的乙酸银替换为氯化银,得到实施例39-42。
实施例43-46:分别将实施例1-4中的乙酸银替换为甲酸银,得到实施例43-46。
实施例47-50:分别将实施例1-4中的乙酸银替换为苯甲酸银,得到实施例47-50。
上述实施例的结果见下表5。
表5:助剂的影响
由此可见,当其实其它银化合物作为助剂时,产物的产率均有大幅度降低,由此证明了助剂乙酸银具有最好的协同催化效果。
综上所述,本发明的方法通过合适催化剂、配体、碱和助剂的合理选择与配合,而使得式(II)的酰卤化合物与式(III)的胺化合物发生反应,从而以高产率获得2-取代吡啶类药物中间体化合物,对该类药物中间体的制备具有重大的意义。
应当理解,这些实施例的用途仅用于说明本发明而非意欲限制本发明的保护范围。此外,也应理解,在阅读了本发明的技术内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动、修改和/或变型,所有的这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种式(I)所示2-取代吡啶类药物中间体化合物的合成方法,
所述方法包括:在有机溶剂中,于催化剂、配体、碱和助剂的存在下,式(II)化合物与式(III)化合物反应反应,从而得到所述式(I)化合物,
其中,R1、R2、R3各自独立地选自H、卤素或C1-C6烷基;
为未取代或带有1-2个取代基的C6-C10芳基或者为未取代或带有1-2个取代基的C4-C10杂环基,所述取代基为卤素、硝基或C1-C6烷基;
Hal为卤素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂为卤化铜、卤化亚铜、硫酸铜、硝酸铜、乙酸铜、乙酰丙酮铜(Cu(acac)2)、乙基乙酰乙酸铜(II)、六氟乙酰丙酮铜、酞菁铜、柠檬酸铜、萘酸铜等中的任何一种或多种;优选为乙基乙酰乙酸铜(II)、六氟乙酰丙酮铜或萘酸铜;最优选为乙基乙酰乙酸铜(II)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述配体为2,2’-联吡啶、邻菲罗啉、下式L1、下式L2或下式L3中的任意一种:
优选为L1或L3,最优选为L1。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述碱为有机碱,非限定性地例如可为三甲胺、三乙胺、二乙醇胺、二异丙醇胺、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、二甲氨基吡啶(DMPA)、1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷(DABCO)等中的任意一种或任意多种的混合物,优选为DMPA或DABCO,最优选为DMPA。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述助剂为乙酸银。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述式(II)化合物与式(III)的摩尔比为1:1-2。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述式(II)化合物与催化剂的摩尔比为1:0.05-0.15。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述式(II)化合物与配体的摩尔比为1:0.05-0.1。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述式(II)化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:1-2。
10.根据权利要求9所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述式(II)化合物与助剂的摩尔比为1:0.2-0.6。
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