CN106396948A - Edible fungus cultivation matrix and method for cultivation of edible fungi through edible fungus wastes - Google Patents
Edible fungus cultivation matrix and method for cultivation of edible fungi through edible fungus wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN106396948A CN106396948A CN201610801501.9A CN201610801501A CN106396948A CN 106396948 A CN106396948 A CN 106396948A CN 201610801501 A CN201610801501 A CN 201610801501A CN 106396948 A CN106396948 A CN 106396948A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of biotechnology and relates to a matrix for low energy consumption production of edible fungi through edible fungus wastes and a cultivation technology. The matrix comprises, by weight, 50 to 68% of edible fungus wastes, 20 to 30% cow dung, 2 to 4% of quick lime and 10 to 20% of peanut shells. The invention also provides a method for producing the edible fungus cultivation matrix composition and a method for cultivating edible fungi. The agricultural wastes such as flammulina velutipes and pleurotus eryngii wastes and cow dung are used as cultivation matrix materials. Through fermentation of the cultivation matrix materials, biological heat is produced so that electricity or coal as a heat source is not needed, energy consumption is reduced and a production cost is saved. Through the matrix, anti-season supplying of cheap and high-quality fresh mushrooms is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological technical field, it is related to the substrate that a kind of utilization bacteria residue the like waste low energy consumption produces edible fungi
And its cultivation technique.Make full use of that special edible fungi booth thermal insulation is good, Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, the bacteria residue of Pleurotus eryngii and cattle manure can produce
The feature of raw biological heat, no longer uses coal or other energy production heat energy in production, reduces energy consumption, saved cost.
Background technology
Edible fungi is a kind of high temperature mushroom kind, mainly in summer culture.Produce and need hot and humid environment it is desirable to growth is warm
Degree：28～38 degree, humidity 85～95%.Under the natural conditions of Shandong, general 6～August part, can be only achieved under protecting field facility condition
Require.The production of spring autumn and winter is extremely difficult to this condition.If, as energy sources for heating, high cost, market is difficult for electricity consumption or coal etc.
To accept.
Producing edible fungi raw materials mainly has Caulis et Folium Oryzae, waste cotton, Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue etc., biological efficiency typically 20%～
30%.At present, Edible Fungi is more conventional and the higher mode of production efficiency is tier rack type cultural method.The method is using biography
The system mixing mushroom house of brick, both can be in summer conventional cultivation moreover it is possible in the fall or spring realizes anti-season by the coal gas mode such as heat
Cultivation, the latter is the more conventional production method in the ground such as current Jiangsu Danyang.
Edible fungi delicious flavour, the huge market demand, have a extensive future, delicious and cheap fresh edible fungi counter-seas on production is supplied
Market is highly significant.But, edible fungi not shelf-stable, can only store under the conditions of general 15～25 degree 2～3 days, exceed this model
Enclose, storage time is shorter.In order to store edible fungi, market is taken the modes such as salting, drying, quick-freezing, no matter which kind of mode, mouth
Sense is all affected.
Liu Xinhua etc. report summer fallow booth high alkalinity cultivating edible fungus with raw material technology (《Edible fungi》2015 the 3rd
Phase page 36～37), mainly describe summer in literary composition careless for raw material production using integeral corn core and chicken manure in day-light greenhouse
The technology of mushroom, raw material needs before entering canopy to soak corn cob saturated limewater, and chicken manure applies in canopy and rotary tillage is buried, corn cob
Through 7-10 days soak after enter canopy, be piled into high 30-35 about bar stack, earthing after fungus scattering kind, cover black film, bacterium after 4 days
Black film is removed after filament length discharge feed side.7 days about when budding, can harvest when 9 days.The method utilizes summer idle green house of vegetables
Cultivate one season Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer．, make use of the feature that summer high temperature high humidity environment and integeral corn core are ventilated.But the method can only be at the beginning of 6 months
Start at the beginning of 7 months, just terminate in August.Production season is limited to summer high temperature period it is impossible to realize the anniversaryization cultivation of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer．.
CN201010251313.6 discloses the production method of the bacteria residue cultivating agaricus bisporus using Pleurotus eryngii, is by following thing
Matter and percentage ratio are constituted：Bacteria residue 40-60%, corn stalk 20-40%, cattle manure 10-30%, carbamide 1-3%, Calx 1-3%, mistake
Calcium phosphate 0.5-2.5%, the production method of described utilization Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue cultivating agaricus bisporus, its production technology is：Often take
The production technology of rule cultivating agaricus bisporus, that is,：Raw material is prewetted → builds heap → turning → added stone → fermentation → sowing → mycelia training
Support → earthing → management of producing mushroom → sporophore harvesting, the present invention is due to recycling the waste material bacteria residue producing Pleurotus eryngii as cultivation
The dispensing of Agaricus Bisporus, not only avoid environmental pollution, reaches cleaning growth, the purpose of environmental protection.
A kind of method that CN201410058391.2 discloses needle mushroom dreg culture base-material and its cultivating bisporous mushroom, will
Needle mushroom dreg 30-60 part, 35 parts of cattle manure, bagasse 0.5-1 part, Bombyx mori L. 0.5-1.5 part, 1 part of compound fertilizer, Calx 1-1.5
Part, Gypsum Fibrosum 0.5-1 part, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, produced by building heap, fermentation, sowing, earthing, fruiting and harvesting series of steps
The Agaricus bisporuss fruiting phase come 7-10 days in advance, adopts mushroom phase prolongation 10-15 days, needle mushroom dreg is recycled, decreases bacterium
The pollution to environment for the slag.
CN201410104624.8 discloses a kind of Hypsizygus marmoreuss bacteria residue culture base-material and preparation method thereof, joins by weight
Ratio weighs Hypsizygus marmoreuss bacteria residue 35-65 part, fowl and animal excrement 30-40 part, wheat bran 0.5-1 part, potassium chloride 0.5-1.5 part, ammonium nitrate 1-2
Part, Calx 1-1.5 part, Gypsum Fibrosum 1-1.5 part, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, weed tree sawdust 0.5-1 part, corn stalk 1.5-2.5 part, cotton seed hullss
0.5-1.5 part, aminoacid humic acidss 1-1.5 part, made by Jian Dui and four turning, base material cultivating straw mushroom, so that fruiting phase is carried
First 6-10 days, adopt mushroom phase prolongation 10-15 days, increase Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． yield 34%-38%, send out bacterium speed 1.16-1.18cm/ days, send out bacterium
16-20 days used time, decrease the pollution to environment for the Hypsizygus marmoreuss bacteria residue, improve the biological transformation ratio of culturing raw material and Volvaria volvacea cultivation
Economic benefit.
The substrate of above-mentioned patent application has similarity, but above-mentioned patent all exist do not enable the anniversary metaplasia produce and base
The problems such as matter formula is complicated.
Content of the invention
During edible fungi off-season cultivation, identical with conventional cultivation, need to be passed through steam and carry out pasteurization, pass through letter afterwards
Easily access strain after ferment in second time, carry out sending out bacterium and management of producing mushroom etc..Need in fruiting to rely on gas piping to improve canopy interior temperature
Degree, makes temperature of shed reach edible fungi growth demand.But in recent years, coal price is higher, cultivated area 500m2Mushroom
Canopy, coal-fired cost 500 yuan/day, therefore the method Edible Fungi cost are typically in 20 yuan/more than kg.Counter-seas on production eats
Bacterium, the huge market demand, wide market, but due to needing using coal or electricity heating, cost remains high always and leads to
Its production is restricted.
The purpose of the present invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of edible fungus culturing substrate and its cultural method.
A kind of edible fungus culturing substrate, by 50～68% bacteria residues, cattle manure 20～30%, quick lime 2～4%, add 10～
20% Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae composition, is weight ratio.The present invention is simple, workable, and related described in background technology
Patent (as CN201010251313.6, CN201410058391.2, CN201410104624.8) compare it is evident that advantage exist
Extremely simple in the formula of Volvaria volvacea cultivation substrate, produce to the Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． of mushroom grower and bring great convenience.And in Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． yield
Upper suitable with described patent, have no inferior position.Therefore the present invention is welcome by mushroom grower deeply.The substrate of background technology Patent application has
Similarity, but described patent all haves such problems as that not enabling anniversary metaplasia produces and matrix formulations complexity.Wherein
CN201410104624.8 sends out 16-20 days bacterium used time using Hypsizygus marmoreuss bacteria residue cultivating straw mushroom, sends out one times more than the bacterium used time than the present invention.
Under comparing, the present invention is simple, workable, is especially suitable for liking vast mushroom grower simple to operate.
Preferably, described edible fungus culturing substrate, by 55～60% bacteria residues, cattle manure 23～28%, quick lime 3～4%, adds
Plus 14～18% Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae composition, be weight ratio.
In test it has been found that the mutual proportioning of each component is extremely important, we have paid wound through many experiments
The work of the property made, finds, by 50～68% bacteria residues, cattle manure 20～30%, quick lime 2～4%, to add 10～20% flower finally
The edible fungus culturing substrate of raw shell composition has very excellent edible fungus culturing effect, can be used for the cultivation of multiple eating bacterium.
In principle, Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, the bacteria residue of Pleurotus eryngii and animal wastes fermentation can produce biological heat, but finding edible fungus culturing base
During matter formula, the discovery that we are taken aback is really not so, huge using its difference on effect of different animal wastes, only adopts
Combined with specific proportioning with specific animal wastes with specific bacteria residue, effect of the present invention could be produced.
Edible fungus culturing base composition, adds described edible fungus culturing substrate gross weight by edible fungus culturing substrate
The water of 60-70%, mixed fermentation obtains.Described edible fungus culturing substrate, by 55～60% bacteria residues, cattle manure 23～28%, calculogenesis
Ash 3～4%, adds 14～18% Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae composition, is weight ratio.Or, described edible fungus culturing substrate, by 50～
68% bacteria residue, cattle manure 20～30%, quick lime 2～4%, adds 10～20% Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae composition, is weight ratio.
Described bacteria residue is Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue or needle mushroom dreg, or the mixture of the two, and the two can mix in any proportion
Close and use.
Described edible fungi is Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． or Pleurotus ostreatus.
The production method of described edible fungus culturing base composition, comprises the following steps：
1) bacteria residue mechanical activation comminution, goes the removal of impurity；
2) step 1) bacteria residue that obtains and cattle manure, by weight 55～68% bacteria residues, cattle manure 20～30%, quick lime 2～
4%, the ratio of 10～20% Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, fully mix；
3) add water, add water weight be step 2) described bacteria residue, the 60- of cattle manure, quick lime and Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae gross weight
70%；
4) mix after fermentation 3-6 days, middle turning 1-3 time.
Step 1) described bacteria residue is Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue or needle mushroom dreg, or the mixture of the two.Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, Pleurotus eryngii bacterium
Slag comes from the residue after batch production Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing or Pleurotus eryngii production, and these bacteria residues are outwelled generally as garbage.These bacterium
Slag is rich in the nutrient substance such as organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, can recycle as the cultivation matrix of edible fungi residue.Bacteria residue itself is very thin, breaks
Broken just, no longer use other mechanical activation comminution.
Described impurity includes plastic bag etc..The typically no other impurities of batch production bacteria residue.
Preferably, step 2) in water content be 63～68wt%, intuitively criterion be：Can be agglomerating with holding, hold with a firm grip
Moisture will become drip to go out afterwards, does not dissipate after relieving.
Described fermentation is using the fermentation process of prior art.
A kind of cultivating method for edible fungi, comprises the following steps：
1) enter the cultivation of production facility tier rack type, in layer frame, edible fungus culturing substrate overarches, high 20～30cm, compacting；
Every square metre with 40～50 kilograms of edible fungus culturing substrate；Described edible fungus culturing substrate, including 50～68% bacteria residues, 20～
30% cattle manure, 2～4% quick lime, it is weight ratio；It is subsequently adding the water of bacteria residue, cattle manure and quick lime gross weight 60～70%.
2) inoculate, every square metre with 1.0～1.4 kilograms of cultigen；
3) send out bacterium, send out the bacterium time for 5～10 days, 28～35 DEG C of keeping temperature, humidity more than 85%, controlled with blower fan cascade
Temperature humidity and oxygen；
4) budding, 32～35 DEG C of keeping temperature, humidity more than 85%, control temperature humidity and oxygen with blower fan cascade；
5) fruiting：
6) timely temperature humidity water management after fruiting, then fruiting 3～5 tide,
7) edible fungi residue, feeding again are removed.
Preferably, step 1) in production facility take heat preservation ventilating measure.Described heat preservation ventilating measure includes but does not limit
In：Air conditioner, ventilating duct and air vent etc..Production facility canopy body structure is steel skeleton covering and heat insulating Rotating fields, and heat-insulation layer is interior
Outer plastic foil adds moderate soak foam and constitutes, and canopy peripheral hardware intelligent temperature control equipment sets air conditioner and Special ventilating duct and ventilation in canopy
Hole, in canopy, ground is cement flooring, is provided with totally four layers of layer frame, two row's ventilation shafts can meet the oxygen supply need of three row layer frame fruitings
Ask.
Step 3) described in send out the bacterium time be 7～10 days.
Step 5) in edible fungi parachute-opening display edible fungi ripe, at this moment pluck impact Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． mouthfeel and perception, therefore, grass
Mushroom is formed plucks before parachute-opening.Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． growth promoter quickly, harvest twice daily, prevents parachute-opening impact quality.
Step 6) in temperature humidity water management in time after fruiting, temperature is 32～35 DEG C, and humidity is 80～95%.
Humidity described herein is relative humidity.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
The present invention makes full use of the agricultural wastes such as Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, the bacteria residue of Pleurotus eryngii and cattle manure as cultivation matrix, utilizes
The biological heat that these substrate fermentations produce, the no longer fuel such as electricity consumption or coal, as thermal source, reduces energy consumption, saves production cost,
Make anti-season supply inexpensive fresh grass mushroom to become a reality.If by the use of the fuel such as electricity or coal as thermal source, production cost will
Can not be acceptable to the market.One cultivated area 500m2Mushroom shed, coal-fired cost 500 yuan/day, 30 days production cycle, can save
Save 15000 yuan of coal-fired cost.Using our formula, formula is simple, is easy to mushroom grower and grasps, various discrete phase interactions in formula
With both having supplied Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． growth required various nutrient substance, the biological heat of generation or the energy of high-quality, without external heat
In the case of the temperature meeting required for Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． growth promoter that is able to continuously, certainly, also need to aeration-cooling when temperature is too high,
Temperature control is uncomplicated.
Make full use of the biological heat of Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, the bacteria residue of Pleurotus eryngii and cattle manure generation and lagging facility controls temperature wet
Degree ventilation is the key of cultivation success, and protection point is invention and the application of this technology.Lagging facility is using insulation effect
Fruit preferably double-layer plastic film adds insulating foam structure, high insulating effect.Biological heat is to be made using the decomposition of microorganism in raw material
With produce, microorganism by the use of bacteria residue and cattle manure as carbon nitrogen source, ceaselessly by the cellulose in bacteria residue and cattle manure and lignin etc.
Decompose, discharge a large amount of biological heat, these biological heat do not stop to discharge, Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． growth demand can be met.Increased by cascade blower fan
Ventilation, controls temperature at 28～35 DEG C, humidity more than 85%.This biological heat will not discharge too soon, and temperature typically will not surpass
Cross 60 DEG C, can be temperature control in the temperature needing using cascade blower fan.Ventilating duct and air vent adjust temperature and titanium dioxide
Concentration of carbon；Humidified by artificial spray mode.
By the present invention in that using novel composite thermal insulation canopy, the biological heat that produced by the use of bacteria residue and cattle manure as main energy sources and
Cultivation matrix, under conditions of production cost is relatively low, can produce Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． in autumn winter-spring season, anti-season supplies fresh mushroom.Acupuncture needle
The bacteria residues such as mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii and cattle manure can serve as the substrate of cultivating straw mushroom, after they are mixed, through microbial action, send out
Raw complicated physics and chemistry and biological agent, produce substantial amounts of biological heat energy, under certain facilities protection, temperature can control
Temperature required for Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． growth, after temperature meets, by facilities such as cascade blower fans, can control the conditions such as humidity, oxygen.This
Sample, solves Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． and produces the environmental conditions such as required nutrient, temperature, humidity, yield reaches 4～7kg/m2, productivity effect
Very considerable.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
Using counter-seas on production Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． of the present invention, using 55% needle mushroom dreg, cattle manure 26%, quick lime 4%, add
15% Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae is used as cultivation matrix, adds bacteria residue, the water of cattle manure, quick lime and Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae gross weight 60～70%.Mix
After fermentation 4 days, middle turning 2 times, enter the cultivation of production facility tier rack type, in layer frame, material overarches, feeding thickness 22cm, every square
45 kilograms of feeding of rice, inoculation, every square metre with 1.4 kilograms of cultigen；It is 7 days according to sending out bacterium 29～32 DEG C, the bacterium time, humidity
90%, budding, 32～35 degree of keeping temperature, humidity more than 85%, control temperature humidity and oxygen with blower fan cascade；Fruiting 31～
34 DEG C of management, humid control 90% about, 5.5 kilograms of every square metre of fruiting, timely temperature humidity water management after fruiting, then
Fruiting 3～5 tide, then removes straw mushroom residue, feeding again.1.8 yuan of production cost per kilogram, sits back and waits that client visits purchase, often
Kilograms 6～8 yuan, annual produce Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． 4 season, year produces 12000 kilograms of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer．, earns a profit more than 70,000 yuan year.
Embodiment 2：
Using counter-seas on production Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． of the present invention, by 68% Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue, cattle manure 20%, quick lime 2%, add 10%
Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, described bacteria residue, the water of the 60-65% of cattle manure, quick lime and Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae gross weight.Prewet 2 days, enter production facility
Tier rack type is cultivated, and material overarches in layer frame, feeding thickness 18～22cm, 40 kilograms of every square metre of feeding, inoculation, and every square metre with planting
Cultivate 1.2 kilograms；It is 7 days according to sending out bacterium 33～37 DEG C, the bacterium time, humidity 90%, budding, 32～35 DEG C of keeping temperature, wet
Degree more than 85%, controls temperature humidity and oxygen with blower fan cascade；The management of 30～32 DEG C of fruiting, humid control 90% about,
6.5 kilograms of every square metre of fruiting, timely temperature humidity water management after fruiting, then fruiting 3 tide, then remove straw mushroom residue, weight
New feeding.1.6 yuan of production cost per kilogram, mainly sells to Beijing Jinan Deng Di great supermarket, 8～10 yuan of per kilogram, annual production
In Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． 6～8 season, year produces 360000～480000 kilograms of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer．, 2,300,000～4,000,000 yuan of annual return.
Embodiment 3
Using counter-seas on production Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． of the present invention, by 65% Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue, cattle manure 22%, quick lime 3%, add 10%
Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, described bacteria residue, the water of the 60-65% of cattle manure, quick lime and Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae gross weight.Prewet 2 days, enter production facility
Tier rack type is cultivated, and material overarches in layer frame, feeding thickness 22cm, 50 kilograms of every square metre of feeding, inoculation, and every square metre with cultigen
1.4 kilogram；Send out bacterium temperature 34～37 DEG C, the bacterium time for 7 days, humidity 90%, budding, 30～35 DEG C of keeping temperature, humidity
More than 85%, control temperature humidity and oxygen with blower fan cascade；The management of 30～35 DEG C of fruiting, humid control 90% about, often
Square metre 5.2 kilograms of fruiting, timely temperature humidity water management after fruiting, then fruiting 3 tide, then remove straw mushroom residue, again
Feeding.2.12 yuan of production cost per kilogram, mainly sells to Beijing Jinan Deng Di great supermarket, 8 yuan of per kilogram, annual production Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． 6
In season, year produces 140000 kilograms of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer．, more than 800,000 yuan of annual return.
Embodiment 4
Using counter-seas on production Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． of the present invention, by 50% needle mushroom dreg, cattle manure 30%, quick lime 2%, add 18%
Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, described bacteria residue, the water of the 60-65% of cattle manure, quick lime and Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae gross weight.Prewet 2 days, enter production facility
Tier rack type is cultivated, and often row's layer frame is 5 layers, and every layer of specification is long 10 meters, wide 1 meter, high 42～45 centimetres.In layer frame, material overarches,
Feeding thickness 25cm, 55 kilograms of every square metre of feeding, inoculation, every square metre with 1.4 kilograms of cultigen；Send out 34～38 DEG C of bacterium temperature,
Sending out the bacterium time is 6 days, and humidity 90% is buddingged, 32～35 DEG C of keeping temperature, humidity more than 85%, mainly utilize air vent and to
Passageway water spray controls temperature humidity；The management of 32～34 DEG C of fruiting, humid control 90% about, 5.5 kilograms of every square metre of fruiting,
Timely temperature humidity water management after fruiting, then fruiting 3～4 tide, then remove straw mushroom residue, feeding again.Production cost is every
Kilograms 2.2 yuan, main preliminary working is that saline mushroom is sold, and 6～8 yuan of per kilogram was planted for 4～5 seasons, it is near that year produces Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． every year
30000 kilograms, more than 170,000 yuan of annual return.
Comparative example 1
There are mushroom grower corn cob 80%, cattle manure 15%, the formula of quick lime 5%, add corn cob, cattle manure and quick lime total
The water of the 60-65% of weight.Prewet 2 days, enter the cultivation of production facility tier rack type, material overarches in layer frame, feeding thickness 28～
30cm, 55 kilograms of every square metre of feeding, inoculation, every square metre with 1.5 kilograms of cultigen；During according to sending out bacterium 34～38 DEG C, bacterium
Between be 7 days, humidity 90%, budding, 32～35 DEG C of keeping temperature, humidity more than 85%, with air vent and to passageway watering
Mode controls temperature, humidity；The management of 31～35 DEG C of fruiting, humid control 90% about, 5 kilograms of every square metre of fruiting, fruiting
Carry out temperature humidity water management in time afterwards, after adopting mushroom, remove mushroom root in time, then fruiting 3～5 tide.Production cost per kilogram 1.8
Unit, is mainly processed as saline mushroom and sells, 6～8 yuan of per kilogram, and year produces 4000 kilograms of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer．, 21200 yuan of annual return.
Comparative example 2
There are mushroom grower Caulis et Folium Oryzae 90%, chicken manure 7%, Gypsum Fibrosum 1% in Henan Province, and the formula of compound fertilizer 2% produces Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer．, before production
First stack of rice straw is made bar stack and waters and prewet 7～10 days, then plus cattle manure mix after turning 1～2 time, enter production facility layer
Posture is cultivated, and material overarches, 25～28cm after feeding, 50 kilograms of every square of feeding, and inoculation inoculates 1.3 kilograms for every square；According to
Send out bacterium 34～37 DEG C, the bacterium time for 8 days, humidity 90%, budding, 31～34 DEG C of keeping temperature, humidity more than 85%, using logical
Air holes and the mode to passageway watering control temperature, humidity；The management of 31～35 DEG C of fruiting, humid control 90% about, often
Square metre 5.2 kilograms of fruiting, carries out temperature humidity water management after fruiting in time, removes mushroom root in time after adopting mushroom, then fruiting 3～
5 tides.2.1 yuan of production cost per kilogram, is mainly processed as saline mushroom and sells, 6～7 yuan of per kilogram, and year produces 5200 kilograms of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer．,
25480 yuan of annual return.
Table 1 technique effect contrast table
Claims (10)
1. a kind of edible fungus culturing substrate, by 50～68% bacteria residues, cattle manure 20～30%, quick lime 2～4%, add 10～
20% Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae composition, is weight ratio.
2. edible fungus culturing substrate as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described edible fungus culturing substrate, by 55～
60% bacteria residue, cattle manure 23～28%, quick lime 3～4%, adds 14～18% Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae composition, is weight ratio.
3. edible fungus culturing substrate as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is it is characterised in that described bacteria residue is Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue or gold
Pin mushroom slag, or the mixture of the two；Described edible fungi is Volvariella volvacea (Bull.Ex Franch.) Singer． or Pleurotus ostreatus.
4. a kind of edible fungus culturing base composition, the edible fungus culturing substrate described in any one of claims 1 to 3 adds institute
State the water of the 60-70% of edible fungus culturing substrate gross weight, mixed fermentation obtains.
5. the production method of edible fungus culturing base composition as claimed in claim 4, comprises the following steps：
1) bacteria residue mechanical activation comminution, goes the removal of impurity；
2) step 1) bacteria residue that obtains and cattle manure, by weight 55～68% bacteria residues, cattle manure 20～30%, quick lime 2～4%,
The ratio of 10～20% Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, fully mixes；
3) add water, add water weight be step 2) described bacteria residue, the 60-70% of cattle manure, quick lime and Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae gross weight；
4) mix after fermentation 3-6 days, middle turning 1-3 time.
6. the production method of edible fungus culturing base composition as claimed in claim 5 is it is characterised in that step 2) in aqueous
Measure as 63～68wt%.
7. a kind of cultivating method for edible fungi, comprises the following steps：
1) enter the cultivation of production facility tier rack type, in layer frame, edible fungus culturing substrate overarches, high 20～30cm, compacting；Often put down
40～50 kilograms of Fang meter Yong edible fungus culturing substrate；Described edible fungus culturing substrate, including 50～68% bacteria residues, 20～30% Ns
Excrement, 2～4% quick lime, it is weight ratio；It is subsequently adding the water of bacteria residue, cattle manure and quick lime gross weight 60～70%.
2) inoculate, every square metre with 1.0～1.4 kilograms of cultigen；
3) send out bacterium, send out the bacterium time for 5～10 days, 28～35 DEG C of keeping temperature, humidity more than 85%, control temperature with blower fan cascade
Humidity and oxygen；
4) budding, 32～35 DEG C of keeping temperature, humidity more than 85%, control temperature humidity and oxygen with blower fan cascade；
5) fruiting：
6) timely temperature humidity water management after fruiting, then fruiting 3～5 tide,
7) edible fungi residue, feeding again are removed.
8. cultivating method for edible fungi as claimed in claim 7 is it is characterised in that step 1) in production facility take insulation logical
Wind measure.
9. cultivating method for edible fungi as claimed in claim 7 is it is characterised in that step 3) described in the bacterium time of sending out be 7～10
My god.
10. cultivating method for edible fungi as claimed in claim 7 is it is characterised in that step 6) in temperature humidity in time after fruiting
Water management, temperature is 32～35 DEG C, and humidity is 80～95%.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108307980A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-24 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | A kind of method that abandoned biomass prepares soilless culture substrate |
| CN112913574A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 佛山市植宝生态科技有限公司 | Straw mushroom self-heating cultivation base material, medium and cultivation method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103601590A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-26 | 湖南国进食用菌开发有限公司 | Culture medium of pleurotus cornucopiae, preparation of culture medium, and culture method of pleurotus cornucopiae |
-
2016
- 2016-09-05 CN CN201610801501.9A patent/CN106396948A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103601590A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-26 | 湖南国进食用菌开发有限公司 | Culture medium of pleurotus cornucopiae, preparation of culture medium, and culture method of pleurotus cornucopiae |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108307980A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-24 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | A kind of method that abandoned biomass prepares soilless culture substrate |
| CN112913574A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 佛山市植宝生态科技有限公司 | Straw mushroom self-heating cultivation base material, medium and cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20170215 |