CN106362202B - 一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶及制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶及制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN106362202B
CN106362202B CN201611007250.3A CN201611007250A CN106362202B CN 106362202 B CN106362202 B CN 106362202B CN 201611007250 A CN201611007250 A CN 201611007250A CN 106362202 B CN106362202 B CN 106362202B
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马年方
梁磊
李锦荣
曾建
郭剑雄
李昱
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Institute of Bioengineering of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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Guangdong Institute of Bioengineering Guangzhou Cane Sugar Industry Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶及制备方法与应用。本发明通过将药物和碳量子点反应,得到载药碳量子点;将海藻酸钠溶液、羧甲基纤维素钠溶液、发电物质、载药碳量子点和无水碳酸钙粉末混匀,得到混合液A;往混合液A中加入葡萄糖内酯,搅拌均匀,超声脱泡、流平、干燥,得到具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶。该水凝胶具有如下优点:优异的力学性能;很好的药物缓释性能;很好的促愈合效果;很好的溶胀性能;以及很好生物安全性,市场应用潜力大。

Description

一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶及制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于医用敷料领域,特别涉及一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶及制备方法与应用。
背景技术
水凝胶是一种能够在水中溶胀并保持大量水分而又不溶解的高分子材料。羧甲基纤维素钠是一种水溶性的纤维素醚,具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性,在医药、食品、日用化学品领域得到广泛应用。羧甲基纤维素钠分子结构中含有大量羧基和羟基,具有很好的亲水性。海藻酸钠是从褐藻类的海带或马尾藻中提取出来的一种无毒的天然多糖类大分子,在一定条件下可以形成水凝胶,吸附性能好并且成胶条件温和,适合作为药物载体。以海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素钠为原料,制备具有互穿网络结构的复合水凝胶,尽管能提高水凝胶的力学性能,但其强度还是不能满足医用材料的要求,同时高春梅等的研究表明,水凝胶在作为药物载体时,药物容易“突释”出来,不能持续发挥作用。
碳量子点作为一种新型的碳纳米材料,其尺寸非常小,一般在20nm以内,呈单分散性的准球形,其表面含有大量的亲水基团,具有亲水性、低细胞毒性、化学及光稳定性,在化学、生物医学、传感学、药物释放及电子学领域具有广泛的应用。然而,很少有将碳量子点应用于慢性创面的研究。
中国专利CN104177541A公开了一种碳量子点/聚丙烯酰胺荧光水凝胶,但该方法制备的水凝胶是单网络结构的力学性能较差,强度低。中国专CN105504364A公开了一种高强度荧光水凝胶及其制备方法,该水凝胶不仅具有高强度,而且具有优异荧光示踪功能,但是其药物缓释能力及促愈合能力在专利中未见说明。
生长因子具有促进创伤及溃疡愈合的功能,可用于创伤、烧伤、溃疡等疾病的治疗,但生长因子给药途径多用水剂或喷雾剂,换药次数多、创面停留时间短、对创面无保护作用、疗效不明显,在临床使用上受到很大限制。因此,为提高生长因子的生物利用度,开发具有药物缓释作用的载体有着广阔的前景。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足,提供一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶的制备方法。通过该方法制备的水凝胶,可以显著提高水凝胶的力学性能和对药物的缓释性能,同时该水凝胶可发电产生微电流,促进创面的愈合。
本发明的另一目的在于提供通过上述制备方法得到的具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶。该水凝胶具有很好的溶胀性能,可以吸收大量创面的渗液,为创面提供适宜的愈合环境。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将药物溶解在水中,加入碳量子点进行反应,固液分离、清洗、烘干,得到载药碳量子点;
(2)用水分别溶解将海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素钠,得到海藻酸钠溶液和羧甲基纤维素钠溶液;
(3)将海藻酸钠溶液、羧甲基纤维素钠溶液、发电物质、载药碳量子点和无水碳酸钙粉末混匀,得到混合液A;发电物质为聚偏二氟乙烯粉末和永磁铁纳米粒中的一种或两种;
(4)往混合液A中加入葡萄糖内酯,搅拌均匀,超声脱泡、流平、干燥,得到具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶;
其中,海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、发电物质、载药碳量子点、无水碳酸钙粉末和葡萄糖内酯按质量比(1~2):(1~2):(2~10):(1~2):(3~10):(6~20)配比。
步骤(1)中所述的药物为细胞生长因子,优选为表皮细胞生长因子或成纤维细胞生长因子。
步骤(1)中所述的药物和所述的碳量子点按质量比1:5~50配比。
步骤(1)中所述的碳量子点的规格优选为尺寸小于10nm,厚度为1.25nm。
步骤(1)和(2)中所述的水优选为去离子水。
步骤(1)中所述的固液分离的方式优选为离心。
所述的离心的条件优选为4000rpm离心10min。
步骤(1)中所述的清洗为用乙醇和去离子水依次清洗一次或多次。
步骤(1)中所述的反应的条件为30~45℃反应1~3h。
所述的反应优选为在磁力搅拌条件下进行;搅拌的转速优选为10~100rpm;更优选为40rpm。
步骤(2)中所述的海藻酸钠溶液的浓度优选为质量体积比1~2%。当质量为g时,体积为ml。
步骤(2)中所述的羧甲基纤维素钠的浓度优选为质量体积比1~2%。当质量为g时,体积为ml。
步骤(3)更优选为:往海藻酸钠溶液中加入发电物质、载药碳量子点和无水碳酸钙粉末,搅拌均匀,再加入羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,得到混合液A。
步骤(3)中所述的发电物质优选为聚偏二氟乙烯粉末和永磁铁纳米粒。
所述的聚偏二氟乙烯粉末和所述的永磁铁纳米粒按质量比为1:1~5配比。
所述的永磁铁纳米粒的磁场强度优选为0.15~0.35特斯拉。
步骤(4)中所述的超声脱泡的时间为10min。
一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶,通过上述任一项所述的方法制备得到。
所述的具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶在医疗器械领域中的应用。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果:
(1)本发明以无水碳酸钙粉末和葡萄糖酸内酯复合体系作为交联剂。葡萄糖酸内酯在溶解过程中缓慢释放出H+,H+使碳酸钙释放出Ca2+进行交联,有利于交联反应的控制,形成交联密度均一的水凝胶,改善其力学性能和缓释性能。
(2)本发明中聚偏二氟乙烯是一种驻极体材料,与人体皮肤接触时会产生微电场,释放微电流,永磁铁纳米能产生微弱的磁场,电场与磁场共同作用,有利于防止电荷的衰减,持续释放微电流,促进创面的愈合。同时,粒碳量子点拥有独立的聚芳香结构,丰富的表面缺陷,也具有高的比表面积和良好的电子传输能力,有利于电流作用于创面,促进创面的愈合。同时,碳量子点具有很好的亲水性,其表面大量的羟基(-OH)和氨基(-NH2)能够与羧甲基纤维素钠/海藻酸钠复合水凝胶之间形成氢键,增加物理交联反应,提高水凝胶的力学性能。碳量子点作为一种新型的碳纳米材料,具有较大的比表面积和很小的粒径,具有很好的吸附性能,可以将药物包埋在其多孔结构中,同时,羧甲基纤维素钠和海藻酸钠在交联剂存在下,可以形成具有互穿网络(IPNs)结构的复合水凝胶,将载药碳量子点包埋在其三维网络结构中,实现药物的缓控释放。
(3)本发明制备的水凝胶具有很好的力学性能,不易拉断、变性,可以满足创面、关节等处使用的要求。
(4)本发明制备的水凝胶具有很好的药物缓释性能,在创面使用时,其药物释放时间可持续144h,释放率可达90%以上。
(5)本发明制备的水凝胶具有很好的促愈合效果。成纤维细胞生长因子和表皮细胞生长因子均能调控与细胞生长相关基因的表达,促进创面的愈合。发电物质能在创面周围释放微电流,促进皮肤血管扩张和血液循环增加,促进伤口愈合的作用。同时微电流还能引起组织细胞的生理、生化过程发生改变,起到止疼、消炎的作用。
(6)本发明制备的水凝胶具有很好的溶胀性能,能吸收创面的渗液,为创面提供适宜的愈合环境。
(7)本发明制备的水凝胶具有很好生物安全性,无细胞毒性,无皮肤刺激,不会对人体产生损害。
附图说明
图1是具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶的药物释放情况变化图。
图2是具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶的力学性能测试结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
本发明涉及的材料信息如下:
海藻酸钠粉末的分子质量为20000Da;羧甲基纤维素钠的分子质量为7500Da;
碳量子点由南京捷纳思新材料有限公司提供,产品编号为JNS-CD-11-440,其尺寸小于10nm,厚度为1.25nm;
聚偏二氟乙烯粉末为美国苏威生产,编号为6020;
永磁铁磁纳米粒的制备方法为沉淀氧化法,具体步骤如下:10mL聚乙二醇400溶于重蒸馏水中,移入装有搅拌器、冷凝管和氮气入口的四颈瓶中,然后依次加入0.179mol/L的氯化亚铁溶液30mL、0.007%的过氧化氢水溶液10mL,搅拌速度控制在50rpm,滴加3.0mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液至反应混合液的pH为13,同时在氮气的保护下,在50℃下反应4h。用重蒸馏水透析,收集于磨口广口瓶中,再在70℃条件下干燥4h即可。
实施例1
一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶,具体制备方法为:
(1)将0.5g表皮细胞生长因子溶解在50mL去离子水中,再加入25g碳量子点,在30℃、40rpm条件下磁力搅拌1h,将产品在4000rpm条件下离心10min,弃上清液,将残渣用乙醇、去离子水依次清洗,反复3次,最后冷冻干燥24h,得到得到载药碳量子点。
(2)将1g海藻酸钠粉末和1g羧甲基纤维素钠粉末分别溶解在100mL去离子水中,待溶解后,往海藻酸钠溶液中依次加入1g聚偏二氟乙烯粉末、1g永磁铁纳米粒(磁场强度为0.15特斯拉)、1g步骤(1)得到的载药碳量子点和3g无水碳酸钙粉末,搅拌均匀后,再加入羧甲基纤维素钠溶液。
(3)最后再加入6g葡萄糖内酯,搅拌均匀后,在360W、30℃条件下超声脱泡10min,流平,然后置于恒温干燥箱中,在40℃条件下干燥2h,即得具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶。
实施例2
一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶,具体制备方法为:
(1)将0.5g表皮细胞生长因子溶解在50mL去离子水中,再加入15g碳量子点,在37℃、40rpm条件下磁力搅拌2h,将产品在4000rpm条件下离心10min分离,用乙醇、去离子水依次清洗,反复3次,最后冷冻干燥24h,得到载药碳量子点。
(2)将1.5g海藻酸钠粉末和1.5g羧甲基纤维素钠粉末分别溶解在100mL去离子水中,待溶解后,往海藻酸钠溶液中依次加入1.2g聚偏二氟乙烯粉末、4.8g永磁铁纳米粒(磁场强度为0.25特斯拉)、1.5g步骤(1)得到的载药碳量子点和6g无水碳酸钙粉末,搅拌均匀后,再加入羧甲基纤维素钠溶液。
(3)最后再加入12g葡萄糖内酯,搅拌均匀后,在360W、30℃条件下超声脱泡10min,流平,然后置于恒温干燥箱中,在40℃条件下干燥2h,即得具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶。
实施例3
一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶,具体制备方法为:
(1)将0.5g表皮细胞生长因子溶解在50mL去离子水中,再加入2.5g碳量子点,在45℃、40rpm条件下磁力搅拌3h,将产品在4000rpm条件下离心10min分离,用乙醇、去离子水依次清洗,反复3次,最后冷冻干燥24h,得到载药碳量子点。
(2)将2g海藻酸钠粉末和2g羧甲基纤维素钠粉末分别溶解在100mL去离子水中,待溶解后,往海藻酸钠溶液中依次加入1.67g聚偏二氟乙烯粉末、8.33g永磁铁纳米粒(粒磁场强度为0.35特斯拉)、2g步骤(1)得到的载药碳量子点和10g无水碳酸钙粉末,搅拌均匀后,再加入羧甲基纤维素钠溶液。
(3)最后再加入20g葡萄糖内酯,搅拌均匀后,在360W、30℃条件下超声脱泡10min,流平,干燥,即得具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶。
实施例4
一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶,具体制备方法为:
(1)将0.5g成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)溶解在50mL去离子水中,再加入2.5g碳量子点,在45℃、40rpm条件下磁力搅拌3h,将产品在4000rpm条件下离心分离10min,用乙醇、去离子水多次清洗,反复3次,最后冷冻干燥24h,得到载药碳量子点。
(2)将2g海藻酸钠粉末和2g羧甲基纤维素钠粉末分别溶解在100mL去离子水中,待溶解后,往海藻酸钠溶液中依次加入1.67g聚偏二氟乙烯粉末、8.33g永磁铁纳米粒(磁场强度为0.35特斯拉)、2g步骤(1)得到的载药碳量子点和5g无水碳酸钙粉末,搅拌均匀后,再加入羧甲基纤维素钠溶液。
(3)最后再加入10g葡萄糖内酯,搅拌均匀后,在360W、30℃条件下超声脱泡10min,流平,干燥,具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶。
效果实施例1
具有微电流和药物缓释水凝胶的药物释放情况和力学性能的研究:
1、测试方法:将实施例1~4制备的水凝胶为实验组;同时以不加碳量子点为空白对照,直接将药物添加到海藻酸钠溶液中,其余制备方法及工艺均与实施例3相同。将实施例1~4制备的水凝胶置于100mL的pH为7.2的PBS缓冲液中,在37℃条件下,50rpm恒温振荡器中进行体外药物释放,分别在特定时间抽取2mL上清液,同时加入相同体积的新鲜PBS溶液,分别使用bFGF-ELISA测试试剂盒和EGF--ELISA测试试剂盒测量成纤维细胞生长因子和表皮细胞生长因子含量,计算药物累计释放率,并绘制药物累计释放曲线。药物累计释放率%=(k时间药物释放总量/实际载药量)%;
2、结果:水凝胶对药物的体外释放情况如图1所示,力学性能如图2所示,从图1可以看出,空白对照组中,有比较明显的暴释现象;从图2可以看出,空白对照组的力学性能小于实施例1~4制备的水凝胶。说明实施例1~4制备的水凝胶具有很好的力学性能,且对药物有一定的缓释效果,其缓释时间可以持续144h,释放率可达90%以上。同时可以看出,通过调节碳量子点和交联剂(无水碳酸钙粉末和葡萄糖酸内酯)的添加量可以调节水凝胶对药物的缓释效果及水凝胶的力学性能。
效果实施例2
水凝胶的愈合效果试验:
为验证本发明一种具有微电流和药物缓释水凝胶是否达到预期的促愈合效果,对实施例1~4制备的敷料(水凝胶)进行动物试验。于SD大鼠(广东省试验动物中心)背部脊柱两侧旁1cm处用直径为3.0cm的圆孔做好标记,然后用手术刀去除表皮、真皮及皮下结缔组织,每只大鼠1个创口,一共210只大鼠,每组各30只大鼠开展试验:
实验组:实施例1~4制备得到的水凝胶作为实验组;
空白对照组:不使用任何敷料作为空白对照组;
阳性对照组一:不含发电物质的水凝胶作为阳性对照组一,不含发电物质的水凝胶的制备工艺为:按着实施例3的试验方法及工艺制备,在制备的过程中不加入发电物质(聚偏二氟乙烯粉末和永磁铁纳米粒);
阳性对照组二:不含碳量子点的水凝胶作为阳性对照组二,不含碳量子点的水凝胶的制备工艺为:按着实施例3的试验方法及工艺制备,在制备的过程中不加入碳量子点;
最后用无菌纱布包扎,每7d(天)换药一次,观察创面的愈合情况。具体试验结果如表3所示:
表1 实验组和对照组创面愈合率
从表1可以看出,对比空白组和实施例1~4的创面愈合效果,可以发现实施例1~4制备的水凝胶具有很好的促愈合效果,可以显著促进创面的愈合,大大缩短创面的愈合周期。对比实施例3和阳性对照组一可以发现,发电物质可以显著提高创面的愈合效果。对比实施例3和阳性对照组二可以发现,碳量子点的添加有利于电流的传导,有利于协同发电物质发挥促进创面愈合的作用。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)将药物溶解在水中,加入碳量子点进行反应,固液分离、清洗、烘干,得到载药碳量子点;
(2)用水分别溶解将海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素钠,得到海藻酸钠溶液和羧甲基纤维素钠溶液;
(3)将海藻酸钠溶液、羧甲基纤维素钠溶液、发电物质、载药碳量子点和无水碳酸钙粉末混匀,得到混合液A;发电物质为聚偏二氟乙烯粉末和永磁铁纳米粒;
(4)往混合液A中加入葡萄糖内酯,搅拌均匀,超声脱泡、流平、干燥,得到具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶;
其中,海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、发电物质、载药碳量子点、无水碳酸钙粉末和葡萄糖内酯按质量比(1~2):(1~2):(2~10):(1~2):(3~10):(6~20)配比。
2.根据权利要求1所述具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)为:往海藻酸钠溶液中加入发电物质、载药碳量子点和无水碳酸钙粉末,搅拌均匀,再加入羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,得到混合液A。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述的药物为细胞生长因子。
4.根据权利要求3所述具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的细胞生长因子为表皮细胞生长因子或成纤维细胞生长因子。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述的药物和所述的碳量子点按质量比1:5~50配比。
6.根据权利要求5所述具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的碳量子点为尺寸小于10nm,厚度为1.25nm的碳量子点;
所述的聚偏二氟乙烯粉末和所述的永磁铁纳米粒按质量比为1:1~5配比。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的固液分离的方式为离心;
步骤(1)中所述的反应的条件为30~45℃反应1~3h。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(2)中所述的海藻酸钠溶液的浓度为质量体积比1~2%;
步骤(2)中所述的羧甲基纤维素钠的浓度为质量体积比1~2%。
9.一种具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶,其特征在于:通过权利要求1~8任一项所述的方法制备得到。
10.权利要求9所述的具有微电流和药物缓释作用的水凝胶在医疗器械领域中的应用。
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