CN106344645B - 禽用中药免疫增强剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种禽用中药免疫增强剂及制备方法，由黄芪、党参、银杏果肉、淫羊藿和甘草组合而成。可以克服抗生素和化学药物的长期大量使用导致动物性食品中的药物残留、细菌产生耐药性及对动物机体产生不同程度的毒副作用等公共卫生问题。具有扶正或祛邪功效的中药，禽用中药免疫增强剂，可以增加禽类脾淋巴细胞的增殖、抗体的合成、细胞因子的分泌和免疫器官指数，提高禽类机体的免疫力，促进禽类饲养的健康发展。
Description
技术领域
免疫增强剂，是一类通过非特异性途径提高机体对抗原或微生物特异性反应的物质，如增强巨噬细胞活性，增强抗原物质的免疫原性和稳定性，促进抗体的合成与分泌等，从而增强动物机体非特异性和特异性免疫的物质。
本发明涉及禽用中药免疫增强剂，在禽类饲养中应用，禽饮用后增加机体脾淋巴细胞的增殖、抗体的合成、细胞因子的分泌和免疫器官指数，提高机体的免疫力。而且，该免疫增强剂是由多种中药按一定比例提取而成，无毒副作用。
技术背景
畜禽疾病特别是病毒性疾病仍然是阻碍养殖业健康发展的瓶颈，疫苗是防治疾病最有效的方法。但是，近年来由于免疫抑制性病毒的普遍存在，预防工作变得异常艰难，畜禽传染病的防制迫切需要高效、低毒的新型免疫增强剂，国内外学者一直致力于研究提高疫苗的特异性和非特异性免疫增强作用。中药是我国传统文化的结晶，是中华民族的文化瑰宝，在畜禽疾病的防治中具有重要的作用。中药免疫增强剂对机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能具有增强或调节作用，可提高机体的抗病力和抵抗力，显示了显著增强机体免疫的作用。
现代医学研究表明，许多中药具有免疫增强作用，能刺激免疫系统，提高免疫系统组织细胞活性，增加机体免疫细胞的生长及抗体的合成。本研究通过禽用中药免疫增强剂对普通鸡和免疫抑制鸡免疫增强效果的研究，不但探索中药的免疫增强作用，而且为免疫增强剂的研究建立实验模型具有重要作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的，是克服以上所述的缺陷，提供一种疗效显著、成本低廉、毒副作用小的禽用中药免疫增强剂及制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术途径来实现的：
本发明的禽用中药免疫增强剂的药物组合物，按质量份数组成：黄芪30-50、党参18-22、银杏果肉18-22、淫羊藿8-12和甘草8-12；其制备方法是：将上述5种材料黄芪30-50、党参18-22、银杏果肉18-22、淫羊藿8-12和甘草8-12的总质量10倍的三蒸水浸泡24 h，煮沸2 h 后过滤，收集滤液，将滤渣加5 倍量的三蒸水煮沸2 h后过滤，收集滤液，再将两次滤液合并，离心，取上清液。上清液旋转蒸发浓缩，至含中药0.8-1.2 g/mL。
用法与用量：在自由饮水中添加中药提取物，按普通鸡2%或免疫抑制鸡8%的浓度添加。
本发明所用的中草药原料均可从中医药店购得，其规格符合国家医药标准。
本发明的上述药物组合物加入适宜附加剂（常用的有矫味剂、抑菌剂、抗氧化剂、着色剂等），溶解混匀，滤过澄清，制备成一种常用的口服制剂，例如口服液等。
本发明的效益
1.克服抗生素和化学药物长期使用产生的公共卫生问题
本发明药物组合物基于中医提高机体免疫功能的辨病与辨证相结合原则，标本兼治，筛选出益气养元，扶正祛邪，健脾利湿，补肾壮阳，祛风除湿，和中缓急，解毒，调和诸药的天然植物药，根据中医理论组方，按照一定的质量配比制备而成。而且，该免疫增强剂是由多种中药按一定比例提取而成，无毒副作用。本发明药物组合物生产成本低，便于推广使用。
2.提高动物机体的免疫力
本发明药物组合物突出特点是组合物中有黄芪、党参、银杏果肉、淫羊藿和甘草。黄芪经水提取后，主要成分多糖以葡萄糖为主，经α-型糖苷键连接而成，单糖组成为鼠李糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖；黄芪多糖能增加禽类脾脏及胸腺指数，促进法氏囊和脾脏的发育，能够纠正细胞因子的免疫失衡状态。银杏果肉经水提取后，主要成分多糖由葡萄糖、半乳糖、果糖和鼠李糖组成，为α-苷键肽多糖，对禽类细胞免疫和体液免疫功能低下状态有显著调节作用。党参经水提取后，主要成分党参多糖由单糖和单糖衍生物组成，其中单糖主要是木糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、果糖等，单糖衍生物主要是甘露醇、半乳糖醛酸等；党参多糖能对抗免疫抑制禽类所致脾脏和胸腺萎缩，同时能提高免疫抑制禽类血清溶血素抗体水平。淫羊藿经水提取后，主要成分淫羊藿苷能提高禽类脾脏、胸腺的质量，增加机体的体液免疫功能。甘草经水提取后，主要成分甘草多糖是葡萄糖醛酸以及葡萄糖，甘草多糖能有效刺激T淋巴细胞增殖，达到增强抵抗力的效果；同时，还具有促进免疫球蛋白产生，抑制补体活性的效用。
5种中药原料按质量份数组成经水提、蒸发浓缩后形成的药物组合物，具有益气固表，健脾养血，补虚扶正，祛湿化痰，缓和药性、清热解毒等功效，禽饮用后可以增加禽类脾淋巴细胞的增殖、抗体的合成、细胞因子的分泌和免疫器官指数，提高禽类机体的免疫力，具体作用如下。
（1）提高免疫系统组织细胞活性
本发明的禽用中药免疫增强剂，能引起正常或免疫机能低下的禽细胞浸润，出现淋巴细胞聚集，促进这些细胞增殖。
（2）增加机体免疫细胞的生长及抗体的合成
本发明的禽用中药免疫增强剂，能促进正常或免疫机能低下的禽抗体生成，增加抗体生成细胞数和抗体效价，血清抗体上升且持续时间长。
（3）促进禽免疫器官的发育
本发明的禽用中药免疫增强剂，能促进正常或免疫机能低下的禽免疫器官的发育，增加免疫器官胸腺、法氏囊的重量，从而提高了机体的免疫力。
（4）诱导脾淋巴细胞因子分泌
细胞因子是机体内免疫细胞或非免疫细胞产生的一组具有广泛生物学活性的异质性调节因子，在体内能激活和调节免疫活性细胞，对免疫应答的产生和调节具有重要作用。本发明的禽用中药免疫增强剂，具有促进正常或免疫机能低下的禽细胞因子IL-4、IFN-γ的分泌作用。
具体实施方式：
以下通过实施例来进一步描述本发明，应该理解的是，这些实施例仅用于例证的目的，决不限制本发明的范围。
[试验例]本发明禽用中药免疫增强剂对普通饲养鸡群，或对鸡群中免疫抑制状态临床疗效观察试验。
一、试验对象的一般资料
采用本发明禽用中药免疫增强剂共治疗20个鸡场，5000套海兰褐商品蛋鸡。
二、治疗方法
用法与用量：采用本发明禽用中药免疫增强剂，其用法与用量如下：在自由饮水中添加禽用中药免疫增强剂，普通饲养鸡群按2%的浓度添加，免疫抑制状态的鸡群按8%的浓度添加。
疗程：连续使用9周。
三、疗效评定标准
1.对普通饲养的鸡群
显效：2%禽用中药免疫增强剂与空白对照组、阳性对照组比较，脾脏刺激指数差异显著，NDV HI 抗体滴度差异显著，脾淋巴细胞因子分泌差异显著，胸腺、法氏囊重量差异显著。
有效：2%禽用中药免疫增强剂与空白对照组、阳性对照组比较，脾脏刺激指数差异不显著，NDV HI 抗体滴度差异显著，脾淋巴细胞因子分泌差异显著，胸腺、法氏囊重量差异不显著。
无效：2%禽用中药免疫增强剂与空白对照组、阳性对照组比较，脾脏刺激指数差异不显著，NDV HI 抗体滴度差异不显著，脾淋巴细胞因子分泌差异不显著，胸腺、法氏囊重量差异不显著。
2.对免疫抑制鸡群
显效：8%禽用中药免疫增强剂与空白对照组、阳性对照组比较，脾脏刺激指数差异显著，NDV HI 抗体滴度差异显著，脾淋巴细胞因子分泌差异显著，胸腺、法氏囊重量差异显著。
有效：8%禽用中药免疫增强剂与空白对照组、阳性对照组比较，脾脏刺激指数差异不显著，NDV HI 抗体滴度差异显著，脾淋巴细胞因子分泌差异显著，胸腺、法氏囊重量差异不显著。
无效：8%禽用中药免疫增强剂与空白对照组、阳性对照组比较，脾脏刺激指数差异不显著，NDV HI 抗体滴度差异不显著，脾淋巴细胞因子分泌差异不显著，胸腺、法氏囊重量差异不显著。
普通饲养鸡群：
实施例1：禽用中药免疫增强剂对脾淋巴细胞刺激指数的影响
2%禽用中药免疫增强剂对普通饲养鸡脾淋巴细胞刺激指数的影响，见表1。2%禽用中药免疫增强剂均极显著（P<0.01）高于空白对照组和左旋咪唑组，表明2%禽用中药免疫增强剂能够促进脾淋巴细胞的增殖。
实施例2：禽用中药免疫增强剂对鸡新城疫抗体的影响
2%禽用中药免疫增强剂对普通饲养鸡新城疫抗体的影响，见表2。2%禽用中药免疫增强剂均极显著（P<0.01）高于空白对照组和左旋咪唑组，表明2%禽用中药免疫增强剂能提高鸡的体液免疫功能。
实施例3：禽用中药免疫增强剂对脾淋巴细胞分泌细胞因子的影响
2%禽用中药免疫增强剂对普通饲养鸡脾淋巴细胞分泌IL-4的影响，见表3。2%禽用中药免疫增强剂均极显著（P<0.01）高于空白对照组和左旋咪唑组，表明2%禽用中药免疫增强剂能提高鸡脾淋巴细胞IL-4的分泌。
2%禽用中药免疫增强剂对普通饲养鸡脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ的影响，见表4。2%禽用中药免疫增强剂均极显著（P<0.01）高于空白对照组和左旋咪唑组，表明2%禽用中药免疫增强剂能提高鸡脾淋巴细胞IFN-γ的分泌。
实施例4：禽用中药免疫增强剂对免疫器官指数的影响
2%禽用中药免疫增强剂对普通饲养鸡胸腺指数的影响，见表5。2%禽用中药免疫增强剂均极显著（P<0.01）高于空白对照组和左旋咪唑组，表明2%禽用中药免疫增强剂能增加鸡胸腺指数，具有免疫增强作用。
2%禽用中药免疫增强剂对普通饲养鸡法氏囊指数的影响，见表6。2%禽用中药免疫增强剂均极显著（P<0.01）高于空白对照组和左旋咪唑组，表明2%禽用中药免疫增强剂能增加鸡法氏囊指数，具有免疫增强作用。
免疫抑制鸡群：
1日龄海兰褐公鸡，设空白对照组（Ⅰ）、病毒组（Ⅱ）、病毒+马立克氏疫苗组（Ⅲ）、病毒+马立克氏疫苗+8%中药提取物组（Ⅳ），每只鸡腹腔接种0.5 mL MDV，相当于3 000 PFU/只，7 日龄除Ⅰ组外其余3组免疫NDV 灭活疫苗、Lasota疫苗，使用方法按说明书进行；1 日龄Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别注射马立克疫苗；1日龄除Ⅰ、Ⅱ组外，Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在自由饮水中添加中药提取物，按8%的浓度添加。
实施例5：禽用中药免疫增强剂对脾淋巴细胞刺激指数的影响
33日龄检测8%禽用中药免疫增强剂对免疫抑制鸡脾指数的影响，见表7。8%禽用中药免疫增强剂均极显著（P<0.01）高于空白对照组、病毒组和病毒+马立克氏疫苗组，表明8%禽用中药免疫增强剂能够促进免疫抑制鸡淋巴细胞的增殖。
实施例6：禽用中药免疫增强剂对鸡新城疫抗体的影响
28、35和42日龄检测8%禽用中药免疫增强剂对免疫抑制鸡新城疫抗体的影响，见表8。8%禽用中药免疫增强剂均极显著（P<0.01）高于空白对照组、病毒组和病毒+马立克氏疫苗组，表明8%禽用中药免疫增强剂能提高免疫抑制鸡的体液免疫功能。
实施例7：禽用中药免疫增强剂对脾淋巴细胞分泌细胞因子的影响
28日龄检测8%禽用中药免疫增强剂对免疫抑制鸡脾淋巴细胞分泌IL-4的影响，见表9。8%禽用中药免疫增强剂均极显著（P<0.01）高于空白对照组、病毒组和病毒+马立克氏疫苗组，表明8%禽用中药免疫增强剂能提高免疫抑制鸡脾淋巴细胞IL-4的分泌。
28日龄检测8%禽用中药免疫增强剂对免疫抑制鸡脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ的影响，见表10。8%禽用中药免疫增强剂均极显著（P<0.01）高于空白对照组、病毒组和病毒+马立克氏疫苗组，表明8%禽用中药免疫增强剂能提高免疫抑制鸡脾淋巴细胞IFN-γ的分泌。
实施例8：禽用中药免疫增强剂对免疫器官指数的影响
33日龄检测8%禽用中药免疫增强剂对免疫抑制鸡胸腺指数的影响，见表11。8%禽用中药免疫增强剂均极显著（P<0.01）高于空白对照组、病毒组和病毒+马立克氏疫苗组，表明8%禽用中药免疫增强剂能提高免疫抑制鸡胸腺指数。
33日龄检测8%禽用中药免疫增强剂对免疫抑制鸡法氏囊指数的影响，见表12。8%禽用中药免疫增强剂均极显著（P<0.01）高于空白对照组、病毒组和病毒+马立克氏疫苗组，表明8%禽用中药免疫增强剂能提高免疫抑制鸡法氏囊指数。
Claims (1)
1.一种禽用中药免疫增强剂，其特征是，按质量份数组成：黄芪30-50、党参18-22、银杏果肉18-22、淫羊藿8-12和甘草8-12；
所述禽用中药免疫增强剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：取黄芪30-50、党参18-22、银杏果肉18-22、淫羊藿8-12和甘草8-12，用材料总质量10倍的三蒸水浸泡24h，煮沸2h后过滤，收集滤液，将滤渣加5倍量的三蒸水煮沸2h后过滤，收集滤液，再将两次滤液合并，离心，取上清液；上清液旋转蒸发浓缩，至含中药0.8-1.2g/mL。
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Effective date of registration: 20220530 Address after: 112606 Li Qian Hu Zhen Pu Qi Tun Cun, Tieling County, Tieling City, Liaoning Province Patentee after: Liaoning Dingfeng Kerun Feed Co.,Ltd. Address before: 121000 Jinzhou City, Liaoning province Linghe District Songpo road three No. 40 Patentee before: JINZHOU MEDICAL University |
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Denomination of invention: Avian Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunoenhancer and Preparation Method Effective date of registration: 20231211 Granted publication date: 20191022 Pledgee: Shengjing Bank Co.,Ltd. Tieling County sub branch Pledgor: Liaoning Dingfeng Kerun Feed Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023210000337 |
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