CN106342625B - Apple ring rot resistant cultivation method - Google Patents

Apple ring rot resistant cultivation method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN106342625B
CN106342625B CN201610710393.4A CN201610710393A CN106342625B CN 106342625 B CN106342625 B CN 106342625B CN 201610710393 A CN201610710393 A CN 201610710393A CN 106342625 B CN106342625 B CN 106342625B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
stock
seedlings
grafting
transplanting
cultivation method
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201610710393.4A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN106342625A (en
Inventor
万述伟
赵爱鸿
沙广利
葛红娟
赵征宇
柳伟英
孙吉录
展恩军
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Original Assignee
QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES filed Critical QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority to CN201610710393.4A priority Critical patent/CN106342625B/en
Publication of CN106342625A publication Critical patent/CN106342625A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106342625B publication Critical patent/CN106342625B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H4/00Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
    • A01H4/008Methods for regeneration to complete plants

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an apple ring spot resistant cultivation method, which relates to the field of plant cultivation and comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining the virus-free rootstock: in 4-month middle ten days, cutting new tips of about 5cm from the stock in clear weather, performing in-vitro disinfection by adopting a mode of matching 75% alcohol by volume concentration and 0.1% mercury bichloride by mass concentration, establishing a high-efficiency rapid propagation system, domesticating and transplanting the obtained detoxified seedling to a seedbed after rooting in a test tube, and performing conventional fertilizer and water management to obtain the detoxified stock with healthy growth and consistent growth vigor; (2) grafting: in autumn of the year, the plant height of the stock is more than 70cm, and the stock can be used for grafting. By adopting the method, the ring spot of the apple can be effectively prevented and treated.

Description

Apple ring rot resistant cultivation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to an apple ring spot resistant cultivation method.
Background
The ring spot is one of the important diseases of apple branches and fruits. Often mixed with dry rot, anthracnose and the like, and is a great threat to fruit production and has a tendency of spreading and aggravating. The symptom is the disease of branches and trunks, dark brown, water stain or small ulcer spots are formed by taking skin holes as centers, and the skin holes are raised slightly to form wart and round shapes. The later dehydration is sunken, the edge is cracked and raised, and the shape of the flat circle is a grey color with the diameter of about 1 cm. A plurality of disease spots are dense, and the bark of a big branch of a trunk is rough, so the disease is called as 'rough bark disease', and the spots are sparse and have small black spots.
The existing method for preventing and treating apple ring spot mainly comprises the measures of eradicating an overwintering bacterium source, spraying pesticides and the like, but the method has the defects of poor prevention and treatment effect, environmental pollution, great harm to people and livestock and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an apple ring spot resistant cultivation method, which can overcome the defects.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an apple cultivation method for resisting ring spot, comprising the following steps:
(1) obtaining the virus-free rootstock: in 4-month middle ten days, cutting new tips of about 5cm from the stock in clear weather, performing in-vitro disinfection by adopting a mode of matching 75% alcohol by volume concentration and 0.1% mercury bichloride by mass concentration, establishing a high-efficiency rapid propagation system, domesticating and transplanting the obtained detoxified seedling to a seedbed after rooting in a test tube, and performing conventional fertilizer and water management to obtain the detoxified stock with healthy growth and consistent growth vigor;
(2) grafting: in autumn of the year, the plant height of the stock is more than 70cm, and the method can be used for grafting and comprises the following steps:
1) preparing scions: selecting scion varieties, cutting robust annual branches by using a branch shear, removing leaves and topping, obliquely cutting downwards from about 1.5cm below scion buds to a depth of about 0.3cm of xylem, flatly cutting downwards from about 1.5cm above the buds with the xylem, intersecting with a transverse cut at the lower end, and taking off bud pieces;
2) preparation of rootstock: selecting a smooth part at a position 50cm away from the ground of the stock, carrying out downward longitudinal cutting with a xylem, wherein the size of a cut is equivalent to that of a bud sheet, removing a cut piece from the lower end in a beveling manner, embedding the bud sheet to align cambiums of the two, and tightly binding the bud sheet by using a telescopic film after grafting;
(3) planting the nursery stock: and in the spring of the second year, transplanting the grafted seedlings into a field.
The specific method of the rapid propagation system in the step (1) comprises the following steps: inoculating in-vitro sterilized young shoots to an inoculation culture medium on a super clean workbench, after 3d, selecting aseptic seedlings without browning and pollution and strong growth potential, transferring the aseptic seedlings to a fresh inoculation culture medium, subculturing once every 20d, obtaining enough stock tissue culture seedlings after 3 times of subculturing, detoxifying the tissue culture seedlings by adopting a mode of peeling growth points under a dissecting mirror, transferring the peeled growth points to the inoculation culture medium for subculturing, obtaining a large number of stock detoxified seedlings after 10 generations, detoxifying the stock seedlings which grow 20d secondarily, shearing stem tips of about 5cm, and placing the stem tips in a rooting culture medium for inducing rooting.
The inoculation culture medium comprises: MS +6-BA 0.5mg/L + NAA0.01 mg/L.
The rooting culture medium comprises: MS + NAA0.5 mg/L.
The domestication and transplanting to the seedbed comprises the following specific steps: and (4) transplanting the rooted seedlings to a 72-hole plug after rooting culture for 15 days, covering a film on the substrate with grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 4: 2, and shading, and gradually increasing illumination and ventilation time after 20 days until the rooted seedlings are completely adapted to the external environment.
The fertilizer and water management specifically comprises the following steps: 1) planting: after 1-2 new leaves grow on the acclimatized and transplanted seedlings, flood-irrigating for one time, and after 2-3d, taking out the seedlings with soil balls from the hole trays, transplanting the seedlings to a field, wherein the seedling setting distance is 10-15cm, transplanting is carried out on a cloudy day or in the evening, and watering is carried out immediately after planting; 2) the water management is mainly performed by thoroughly drying and watering, and urea, monopotassium phosphate and ammonium sulfate are uniformly applied to the ground according to the mass ratio of 2:1, 20-25kg is applied to each mu, and the application is performed once per month.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1: the applicant finds that rich nutrient substances are provided for plants by a comprehensive cultivation method comprising obtaining detoxified stocks, rooting and domesticating, fertilizer and water management and the like, and meanwhile, the pollution of pathogenic bacteria is isolated from the source;
2: especially, the incidence rate of ring spot can be obviously reduced by changing the grafting height, after the grafting height is set to be 50cm, the incidence rate of the ring spot of the apple is only 3 percent and is far lower than that of other grafting heights, meanwhile, manpower and material resources are greatly saved, and the income of farmers is improved.
The application controls the height of grafting by selecting the disease-resistant rootstock, achieves the effect of controlling the ring spot of the apple trees, and unexpectedly discovers that the height of grafting is a key factor influencing the prevention and treatment effect, and the prevention and treatment effect can be influenced when the height is too low or too high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the growth conditions of the seedlings with the grafting heights of 15cm and 50cm respectively.
Reference numerals: 1. 15cm of grafting point; 2. a 50cm grafted point; 3. the diseased area.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
An apple cultivation method for resisting ring spot, comprising the following steps:
(1) obtaining the virus-free rootstock: in the middle ten days of 4 months, cutting new tips about 5cm from the 'green stock No. 1' stock in sunny weather, performing in-vitro disinfection by adopting a mode of using 75% alcohol by volume concentration and 0.1% mercury bichloride by mass concentration in a matching way, establishing a high-efficiency rapid propagation system, domesticating and transplanting the obtained detoxified seedlings to a seedbed after rooting in a test tube, and performing conventional fertilizer and water management to obtain detoxified stocks with healthy growth and consistent growth vigor;
(2) grafting: in autumn of the year, the plant height of the stock is more than 70cm, and the method can be used for grafting and comprises the following steps:
1) preparing scions: selecting a scion variety Fuji, cutting robust annual branches by using a branch shear, removing leaves and topping, obliquely cutting a cut from about 1.5cm below a scion bud downwards to reach about 0.3cm deep of xylem, flatly cutting the xylem from about 1.5cm above the bud downwards, intersecting with a transverse cut at the lower end, and taking off bud slices;
2) preparation of rootstock: selecting a smooth part at a position 50cm away from the ground of the stock, carrying out downward longitudinal cutting with a xylem, wherein the size of a cut is equivalent to that of a bud sheet, removing a cut piece from the lower end in a beveling manner, embedding the bud sheet to align cambiums of the two, and tightly binding the bud sheet by using a telescopic film after grafting;
(3) planting the nursery stock: and in the spring of the second year, transplanting the grafted seedlings into a field.
The specific method of the rapid propagation system in the step (1) comprises the following steps: inoculating in-vitro sterilized young shoots to an inoculation culture medium on a super clean workbench, after 3d, selecting aseptic seedlings without browning and pollution and strong growth potential, transferring the aseptic seedlings to a fresh inoculation culture medium, subculturing once every 20d, obtaining enough stock tissue culture seedlings after 3 times of subculturing, detoxifying the tissue culture seedlings by adopting a mode of peeling growth points under a dissecting mirror, transferring the peeled growth points to the inoculation culture medium for subculturing, obtaining a large number of stock detoxified seedlings after 10 generations, detoxifying the stock seedlings which grow 20d secondarily, shearing stem tips of about 5cm, and placing the stem tips in a rooting culture medium for inducing rooting.
The inoculation culture medium comprises: MS +6-BA 0.5mg/L + NAA0.01 mg/L.
The rooting culture medium comprises: MS + NAA0.5 mg/L.
The domestication and transplanting to the seedbed comprises the following specific steps: and (4) transplanting the rooted seedlings to a 72-hole plug after rooting culture for 15 days, covering a film on the substrate with grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 4: 2, and shading, and gradually increasing illumination and ventilation time after 20 days until the rooted seedlings are completely adapted to the external environment.
The fertilizer and water management specifically comprises the following steps: 1) planting: after 1-2 new leaves grow on the acclimatized and transplanted seedlings, flood-irrigating for one time, and after 2-3d, taking out the seedlings with soil balls from the hole trays, transplanting the seedlings to a field, wherein the seedling setting distance is 10-15cm, transplanting is carried out on a cloudy day or in the evening, and watering is carried out immediately after planting; 2) the water management is mainly performed by thoroughly drying and watering, and urea, monopotassium phosphate and ammonium sulfate are uniformly applied to the ground according to the mass ratio of 2:1, 20-25kg is applied to each mu, and the application is performed once per month.
Comparative example 1
The height of the graft was 15cm, as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The height of the graft was 30cm, as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
In autumn of the next year, the stock seedling is grafted two years later, the grafting height is 60cm, and the rest is the same as that of the example 1.
100 plants are planted at each grafting height, then the number of diseased plants is counted, and the disease incidence is calculated, and the result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 incidence of different grafting heights
The grafting height is 15cm The grafting height is 30cm The grafting height is 50cm The grafting height is 60cm
Determining the number of plants 100 100 100 100
Number of diseased plants 85 56 3 13
Incidence (%) 85% 56% 3% 13%
As shown in table 1, the incidence of the grafted height of 50cm was the lowest, only 3%, and was much lower than the incidence of the grafted height of 15cm and 30cm, and 50cm was the maximum height capable of grafting due to the limited height of plant growth within one year, so in order to test the incidence of the higher grafted height, the applicant conducted the test of 60cm grafted height in the second year, and the results showed that although the incidence of the disease was lower than the incidence of the grafted height of 15cm and 30cm, the incidence of the grafted height of 50cm was higher in the first year, and at the same time, if the height was increased, the nursery stock had to grow for one year, increasing the manpower and material resources for one year.
In addition, as shown in fig. 1, the plant with 1 being 15cm grafting point and 2 being 50cm grafting point has obvious ring spot disease symptom, i.e. a plurality of disease spots are dense, the trunk and big branch are formed and the bark is rough, i.e. the so-called 'rough bark disease', can be seen in the disease area 3 in fig. 1, but the plant with the grafting height of 50cm has no such symptom, therefore, the grafting height of 50cm is the most suitable cultivation method for reducing the ring spot disease of the apple branches.

Claims (5)

1. The cultivation method for the apple to resist the ring spot is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) obtaining the virus-free rootstock: in the middle ten days of 4 months, cutting 5cm of new tips on the 'green stock No. 1' stock in sunny weather, performing in-vitro disinfection by adopting a mode of using 75% alcohol by volume concentration and 0.1% mercury bichloride by mass concentration in a matching way, establishing a rapid propagation system, domesticating and transplanting the obtained detoxified seedlings to a seedbed after rooting in a test tube, and performing conventional fertilizer and water management to obtain the detoxified stocks with healthy growth and consistent growth vigor; the rapid propagation system comprises the following specific methods: inoculating in-vitro sterilized young shoots into an inoculation culture medium on a super clean workbench, after 3d, selecting aseptic seedlings without browning and pollution and strong growth potential to be transferred into a fresh inoculation culture medium, subculturing once every 20d, obtaining enough stock tissue culture seedlings after 3 times of subculture, detoxifying the tissue culture seedlings by adopting a mode of peeling growth points under a dissecting mirror, transferring the peeled growth points to the inoculation culture medium for subculture, obtaining a large number of stock detoxified seedlings after 10 generations, detoxifying the stock seedlings which grow 20d secondarily, cutting stem tips of 5cm, and placing in a rooting culture medium to induce rooting;
(2) grafting: in autumn of the year, the plant height of the stock is more than 70cm, and the method can be used for grafting and comprises the following steps:
1) preparing scions: selecting scion varieties, cutting robust annual branches by using a branch shear, removing leaves, topping, obliquely cutting downwards from about 1.5cm below scion buds to a depth of 0.3cm, flatly cutting downwards from about 1.5cm above the buds with xylem, intersecting with a transverse cut at the lower end, and taking off bud pieces;
2) preparation of rootstock: selecting a smooth part at a position 50cm away from the ground of the stock, carrying out downward longitudinal cutting with a xylem, wherein the size of a cut is equivalent to that of a bud sheet, removing a cut piece from the lower end in a beveling manner, embedding the bud sheet to align cambiums of the two, and tightly binding the bud sheet by using a telescopic film after grafting;
(3) planting the nursery stock: and in the spring of the second year, transplanting the grafted seedlings into a field.
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the inoculation medium is: MS +6-BA 0.5mg/L + NAA0.01mg/L.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rooting medium is: MS + NAA0.5mg/L.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the acclimatized and transplanted to the seedbed comprises the following specific steps: and (3) transplanting the rooted seedlings to a 72-hole plug after rooting culture for 15d, wherein the matrix is turf in volume ratio: vermiculite: perlite 4: 4: and 2, covering a film to shade, and gradually increasing the illumination and ventilation time after 20 days until the film is completely adaptive to the external environment.
5. The cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the fertilizer and water management is specifically:
1) planting: after 1-2 new leaves grow on the acclimatized and transplanted seedlings, flood-irrigating for one time, and after 2-3d, taking out the seedlings with soil balls from the hole trays, transplanting the seedlings to a field, wherein the seedling setting distance is 10-15cm, transplanting is carried out on a cloudy day or in the evening, and watering is carried out immediately after planting;
2) the water management is mainly performed by thoroughly drying and watering, and urea, monopotassium phosphate and ammonium sulfate are uniformly applied to the ground according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, 20-25kg of the fertilizer is applied to each mu once a month.
CN201610710393.4A 2016-08-24 2016-08-24 Apple ring rot resistant cultivation method Expired - Fee Related CN106342625B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610710393.4A CN106342625B (en) 2016-08-24 2016-08-24 Apple ring rot resistant cultivation method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610710393.4A CN106342625B (en) 2016-08-24 2016-08-24 Apple ring rot resistant cultivation method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106342625A CN106342625A (en) 2017-01-25
CN106342625B true CN106342625B (en) 2020-01-14

Family

ID=57844622

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201610710393.4A Expired - Fee Related CN106342625B (en) 2016-08-24 2016-08-24 Apple ring rot resistant cultivation method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN106342625B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106857254B (en) * 2017-02-11 2019-04-26 青岛市农业科学研究院 The efficient tissue culture and rapid propagation method of No. 1 elite stand of apple rootstock blueness anvil
CN107568056A (en) * 2017-08-16 2018-01-12 青岛市农业科学研究院 A kind of method of quick breeding apple Early blooming and fruiting stock

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1050302A (en) * 1990-01-09 1991-04-03 孙芳正 The height of apple tree connects new varieties and young tree is worked as the annual bearing method
CN101156606B (en) * 2007-11-20 2010-10-20 史建生 A plants antiseptic as well as preparing method and application
CN101347087A (en) * 2008-09-04 2009-01-21 山东农业大学 Method for enhancing disease resistance of fruit tree using interstock
CN102187799A (en) * 2011-04-12 2011-09-21 天津力臣阳光果品生产力促进有限责任公司 Method for preventing and controlling apple tree branch ring spots

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106342625A (en) 2017-01-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN107926423B (en) Production method of kiwifruit canker-resistant bidirectional detoxification big seedlings
CN104642109B (en) A kind of is the method that outer implant builds Bulbus Allii micro-propagation with bulb sheet
CN112753473A (en) Method for cutting and breeding tea seedlings by inoculating mixed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
CN109845500B (en) Method for raising seedlings of populus tomentosa by cutting tender branches
CN105265274A (en) Flowering peach grafting and seedling method
Waman et al. Optimization of factors affecting in vitro establishment, ex vitro rooting and hardening for commercial scale multiplication of silk banana (Musa AAB)
CN110946064A (en) High-survival-rate transplanting method for moss associated dendrobium officinale limestone surface
Chipojola et al. Effect of tree age, scion source and grafting period on the grafting success of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.)
CN106538251A (en) It is a kind of reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method
CN106342625B (en) Apple ring rot resistant cultivation method
Choudhary et al. In vitro propagation of two commercially important bamboo species (Bambusa tulda Roxb. and Dendrocalamus stocksii Munro.)
CN102771304A (en) Method for cuttage seedling of buerretiodendron hsienmu at all seasons
CN112219579B (en) Construction method and application of castanopsis hystrix juvenile cutting orchard
Souza et al. Production of pear trees grafted under hydroponic conditions.
Wright et al. Control of bacterial soft rot of calla (Zantedeschia spp.) by pathogen exclusion, elimination and removal
CN106342555B (en) Method for breeding new species of natural hetero-alternating heterogeneous populus euphratica and populus griseus
CN105875313A (en) Planting method for Prunus salicina L
CN117243001A (en) Seedling raising method for gramineous plants
CN109526743B (en) Rapid propagation and fine variety breeding method for garlic callus
CN111492978A (en) Tissue culture rapid propagation method of Eucalyptus macrocarpa 1212 variety
CN109496706A (en) A kind of sterile brachyplast of Mao Xu Cao quickly breed before explant preprocess method
CN115176608A (en) Rapid seedling method for dendrobium officinale stem node induced buds
CN103734021A (en) Collection and induction method for alnus nepalensis axillary bud explants
CN111201934B (en) Intermediate stock rooting cultivation method for avocados
CN107360756B (en) Method for promoting rapid and multiple germination of golden plum seeds into seedlings

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20200114