CN117243001A - Seedling raising method for gramineous plants - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for gramineous plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN117243001A CN117243001A CN202311140935.5A CN202311140935A CN117243001A CN 117243001 A CN117243001 A CN 117243001A CN 202311140935 A CN202311140935 A CN 202311140935A CN 117243001 A CN117243001 A CN 117243001A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a seedling raising method of gramineous plants, belonging to the technical field of plant science. The seedling raising method comprises the steps of selecting a primary material for topping and proliferation, then collecting lateral branches and trunks for dark raising in a light-proof temperature-raising protective environment, enabling lateral buds to germinate quickly in a short time and guaranteeing the quality of seedlings by strictly controlling dark raising conditions, then taking plants subjected to light-proof temperature-raising maintenance, directly placing the plants in a cultivation pond irradiated by natural light or an artificial light source, controlling the water temperature and the water depth of the cultivation pond, and cultivating seedlings to have more than 30 root systems, wherein the average root system length is more than 11cm, and the seedling height is between 0.2 and 0.6 m. The seedling raising method provided by the invention is simple and easy to operate, and has the advantages of short seedling raising period, high proliferation coefficient, low cost, high survival rate, strong seedling root, regular seedling emergence and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seedling raising method of plants, belongs to the technical field of plant science, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method of gramineous plants.
Background
The seedling raising process means that seedlings are cultivated in a nursery, a hotbed or a greenhouse to prepare the seedlings to be moved into the soil for planting. But also refers to the stage of various biological young organisms which are protected manually until the organisms can survive independently. The colloquial call is "seedling strengthening and half harvesting", and seedling raising is a work with high labor intensity, long time consumption, strong technical performance and high cost.
Vegetative propagation is a way of plant propagation, and instead of sexual pathways, the propagation offspring are utilized by the roots, stems, leaves and the like of vegetative organs. The seedling raising method by utilizing the nutrition propagation principle can keep the excellent characters of the cultivated plants, and the asexual propagation seedling raising method comprises tillering, plant division, cutting, layering, grafting, root reserving, tissue culture rapid propagation and the like, and the common seedling raising technology mainly comprises tillering, cutting and tissue culture rapid propagation.
Tillering propagation is a method of separating a sprout strip extracted from an adventitious bud at the root or stem base from a female parent into an independent plant by cultivation. Tillering propagation is one of the most traditional plant propagation methods, and has the characteristics of high survival rate, fast seedling formation, small propagation coefficient, irregular seedling growth state and the like. The tillering propagation coefficient is low, the plant size is different, the growth is inconsistent, and the requirement of the seedling in production can not be met.
Cutting propagation is to cut a plant vegetative organ, insert the plant vegetative organ into loose and wet soil or fine sand, and root and branch the plant by utilizing the regeneration capacity of the plant vegetative organ to form a new plant. Branch and root, bud and leaf are separated according to the organ to be used. The cutting period is different according to the types and properties of plants, the adaptability of the general herbaceous plants to cutting propagation is high, and the plants can be cut in four seasons except for warm areas and those with greenhouse or hotbed equipment conditions in winter severe cold or summer drought areas. However, cutting also has the defects of small propagation coefficient, different plant size and the like, and meanwhile, compared with tillering propagation, the survival rate of cutting seedlings is slightly lower.
Tissue culture rapid propagation refers to a technique of separating desired tissues, organs or cells, protoplasts, etc. from plant bodies, inoculating them under aseptic conditions on a medium containing various nutrients and plant hormones, and culturing them to obtain regenerated whole plants or to produce other products of economic value. The tissue culture rapid propagation has the advantages of large propagation coefficient, regular seedling emergence, high propagation speed and the like. However, the seedling raising system is carried out under aseptic conditions, the operation is complex, the labor cost and the time cost are high, meanwhile, the pollution of endophytes is easy to occur in the later period, the problems of yellow leaves, slow growth speed, quality reduction and the like of tissue culture seedlings are easy to occur, and even continuous cultivation cannot be carried out when the pollution is serious, so that great economic loss can be caused.
Therefore, the prior art has the problems of long seedling raising period, low proliferation coefficient, high cost, low survival rate, poor seedling emergence uniformity and the like, so the novel seedling raising method for the gramineous plants has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a seedling raising method of gramineous plants, which is simple and easy to operate, and has the characteristics of short seedling raising period, high proliferation coefficient, low cost, high survival rate, strong seedling roots, regular seedling emergence and the like.
In order to achieve the technical aim, the invention provides a seedling raising method of gramineous plants, which comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a primary material: selecting plant trunks growing in soil for more than 60 days and having more internodes as a primary material, and preferentially selecting plants with higher lignification degree as the primary material;
2) Pretreatment of raw materials: removing the top of the original material, and continuing to grow for a period of time until each original material grows a plurality of lateral branches, wherein each lateral branch comprises a plurality of bud segments; wherein a plurality of the above are 3 or more;
3) Post-treating the raw material: harvesting the trunk and the side branches of the raw material treated in the step 2), removing the mixed leaves, sterilizing and cleaning, and curing for 12-72 hours in a light-proof temperature-increasing curing environment, wherein the temperature of the light-proof temperature-increasing curing environment is 25-38 ℃ and the relative humidity is above 70%; the mixed leaves refer to redundant leaves, so that bacterial or viral infection is easily caused in cultivation, and the survival rate is reduced;
4) Seedling raising: adding water, a first sterilizing disinfectant and a growth promoter into a cultivation pool, and controlling the water depth to be 8-40 cm;
transferring the plants treated in the step 3) directly into a cultivation pond for cultivation for more than 15 days, wherein the cultivation pond is placed under the illumination condition, the water temperature is 6-38 ℃, and the water depth is controlled to be more than 20cm in the cultivation in the first 7 days and 8-40 cm after 7 days;
5) And (5) collecting seedlings.
Or, the invention provides a seedling raising method of gramineous plants, comprising the following steps:
1) Selecting a primary material: plant trunks growing in soil for more than 60 days and having more internodes are selected as the primary material, and plants with higher lignification degree are preferentially selected as the primary material.
2) Pretreatment of raw materials: removing the top of the original material, continuing to grow for a period of time until each plant of original material grows a plurality of lateral branches, wherein each lateral branch comprises a plurality of bud segments, and the trunk accords with the lignification standard; the plurality of pieces and the plurality of pieces are 3 and above.
3) Post-treating the raw material: harvesting the trunks and the lateral branches of the raw materials treated in the step 2), removing the mixed leaves, sterilizing and cleaning, and curing for 12-72 hours in a light-proof temperature-increasing curing environment, wherein the temperature of the light-proof temperature-increasing curing environment is 25-38 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 70%; the hybrid leaves refer to redundant leaves, which are extremely easy to cause bacterial or viral infection in cultivation and reduce survival rate.
4') seedling raising: adding soil, water, a first sterilizing disinfectant and a growth promoter into a cultivation pool;
placing the plants treated in the step 3) in a cultivation pond for cultivation for more than 15 days, wherein the cultivation pond is placed under the illumination condition, the water temperature is 6-38 ℃, and the water depth is 8-40 cm after 7 days;
5) And (5) collecting seedlings.
Further, in the step 2), the topping is one or two or more sections of the top of the backbone of the primary material is physically removed, and the removed part is the top bud down to the fourth nodule.
Further, in the step 2), the growth is continued for more than 30 days until more than or equal to 6 lateral branches grow, the length of each lateral branch is more than 0.6 meter, and each lateral branch contains more than or equal to 6 bud knots.
The invention carries out the pretreatment of the step 2) on the raw material to ensure that the raw material meets the lignification standard, and then the subsequent post-treatment can be carried out. The lignification standard mainly judges the water content, diameter, bending performance, compressive strength, puncture strength and the like of the trunk of the pretreated raw material. The bending property, compressive strength and puncture strength of the trunk of the pretreated raw material are measured by taking the 3 rd section of the trunk base of the raw material.
Further, the water content of the trunk of the raw material treated in the step 2) is less than or equal to 70%, such as 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% and the like.
Further, the diameter d of the trunk of the raw material treated in the step 2) is not less than 4mm, for example, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm and the like.
Further, the bending property F of the trunk of the raw material treated by the step 2) w (N). Gtoreq.3 d, e.g., 4d, 5d, 6d, etc., where d is the diameter in mm. The bending property F w Means measuring the maximum force F of the ram to fracture the backbone of virgin material w (N)≥3(N/mm)×d(mm)。
Further, the primary of virgin material after the treatment of step 2)Dry compressive strength F y( N). Gtoreq.5 d, e.g., 6d, 7d, 8d, etc., where d is the diameter in mm. Said compressive strength F y Refers to the maximum force F of the pressing head to crush the main skin tissue structure of the raw material y (N)≥5(N/mm)×d(mm)。
Further, the trunk puncture strength F of the raw material treated in the step 2) c (N). Gtoreq.2d, e.g., 3d, 4d, 5d, etc., where d is the diameter in mm. The puncture strength F c Refers to the maximum force F of the penetration of the puncture head through the tissue structure of the main skin of the primary material c (N)≥2(N/mm)×d(mm)。
The raw material obtained after the pretreatment in the step 2) accords with the lignification standard, can obviously improve the survival rate of bud nodes, is beneficial to healthy germination of buds, and improves the emergence quality and the seedling planting survival rate.
Further, in the step 3), the dark temperature-raising and curing environment is 100% dark temperature, and the temperature-raising and curing time is 24-72 h, for example, 32h, 40h, 48h, 56h, 64h and the like; the temperature-raising curing temperature is 25-30 ℃, such as 26 ℃, 27 ℃, 28 ℃, 29 ℃ and the like. Further preferred is a temperature-increasing curing temperature of 30℃and a relative humidity of 90% for 48 hours.
Further, in step 3), the light-resistant temperature-increasing maintenance environment comprises a cover for light-resistant temperature-increasing, a heating and humidifying device is arranged below the cover, and the heating and humidifying device is connected with a temperature control device and a humidity control device. The cover is any type of cover capable of achieving 100% darkness, the heating and humidifying device can be an integrated device or any other type of independent equipment, and the temperature control device and the humidity control device can be integrated devices or any other type of independent equipment.
Further, in the step 3), the sterilization comprises the steps of taking a second sterilization disinfectant to dilute 300-1000 times, uniformly spraying or directly coating the second sterilization disinfectant on the side branches and the main materials, and after the second sterilization disinfectant stays for 3 minutes, washing the second sterilization disinfectant with clear water, wherein the second sterilization disinfectant contains permanganate ions.
Further, the seedling raising method further comprises replacing the step 4) with a step 4 '), wherein the step 4') is as follows:
adding soil, water, a first sterilizing disinfectant and a growth promoter into a cultivation pool;
and 3) transferring the plants treated in the step 3) into a cultivation pond directly for cultivation for more than 15 days, wherein the cultivation pond is placed under the illumination condition, the water temperature is 6-38 ℃, and the water depth after 7 days is 8-40 cm.
Further, the mass ratio of soil to water is (1-10): 2, such as 1:2, 2:2, 3:2, 5:2, 6:2, 8:2, etc.
Further, the growth-promoting agent includes ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate.
Further, the first sterilizing disinfectant contains chloride ions, sodium ions, copper ions and iron ions, and the mass ratio of the ions is (3-7): 2-5): 5-13): 4-11; and the concentration of the first sterilizing disinfectant in the cultivation pond is 0.2-0.4 g/m 3 For example 0.25g/m 3 、0.3g/m 3 、0.35g/m 3 Etc., the iron ions are preferably ferrous ions.
Further, the incubation time is 15 to 40 days, for example, 18 days, 20 days, 25 days, 30 days, etc., preferably 15 to 20 days.
Further, the mass ratio of soil to water is 1:2.
Further, the concentration of the growth-assisting agent in the cultivation pond is as follows: 100-500 mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 250-450 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50-150 mg/L of calcium chloride, 20-60 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 20-60 mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
Further, the concentration of the growth-assisting agent in the cultivation pond is as follows: 100mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 350mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of calcium chloride, 20mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 20mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
Further, in the step 5), the seedlings are taken out from the cultivation pool, the number of root systems of each seedling reaches more than 30, the average root system length is more than or equal to 11cm, and the seedling height is between 0.2 and 0.6 m.
Further, the gramineous plant comprises any one of the subfamily phyllostachys, the subfamily broomcornae, the subfamily oryzaceae or the subfamily arundo donax, wherein the subfamily phyllostachys comprises any one of the trifoliate acanthopanax, the phyllostachys praecox and the phyllostachys praecox, the subfamily broomcorn comprises any one of the sugarcane, the silvergrass, the giant fungus grass and the corn, the subfamily oryzaceae comprises any one of the false rice, the blighted pith grass and the rongali, and the subfamily arundo comprises any one of the arundo donax, the reed and the reed-like.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a seedling raising method of gramineous plants, which has the advantages of short seedling raising period, high proliferation coefficient, low cost, high survival rate, strong seedling root and root, regular seedling emergence and the like.
2. Compared with the traditional tissue culture rapid propagation and cuttage methods, the seedling method provided by the invention has the advantages that the utilization rate of the original materials is high, the seedlings are stronger, the roots are more developed and plump, the transplanting is easier to survive, the survival rate of the seedlings is improved to more than 90%, and the emergence period is shortened by more than half.
3. The seedling raising method provided by the invention adopts a mode of removing the top and proliferating in combination with light-proof warming and curing environment dark-raising, realizes batch seedling raising under the condition of reducing the cost, effectively increases the number of seedlings of each plant of original material, and reduces the cost of each plant of seedling by about 10 times.
4. The seedling raising method provided by the invention has the advantages of regular seedling emergence on the basis of rapid seedling emergence, and is beneficial to realizing the large-scale, mechanical, unmanned, intelligent and standardized seedling emergence.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a light-resistant warming maintenance environment designed and used in the invention;
1, a diversion trench; 2. a porous support base plate; 3. a top light-proof heat-insulating cover; 4. a spraying device; 5. a heating device; 6. light-proof warming maintenance space; 7. the side part is a light-proof heat-insulating cover.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, a further description of the invention will be made. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention discloses a seedling raising method of gramineous plants, wherein the gramineous plants comprise bamboo subfamilies, broomcorn subfamilies, rice subfamilies or arundo subfamilies, the bamboo subfamilies comprises any one of trifoliate acanthopanax, fragrant bamboo and pear bamboo, the broomcorn subfamilies comprises any one of sugarcane, triarrhena, giant fungus grass and corn, the rice subfamilies comprises any one of false rice, blighted grass and rong grass, and the arundo subfamilies comprises any one of arundo donax, reed and arundo donax.
The specific seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a primary material: selecting plant trunks growing in soil for more than 60 days and having more internodes as a primary material, and preferentially selecting plants with higher lignification degree as the primary material;
2) Pretreatment of raw materials: one or two or more sections of the top of the backbone of the native material are physically excised and the removed portion is the terminal bud down to the fourth nodule. Continuing to grow for more than 30 days until more than or equal to 6 lateral branches grow, wherein the length of each lateral branch is more than 0.6 meter, each lateral branch comprises more than or equal to 6 bud knots, the water content of the trunk of the primary material treated by the step 2) is less than or equal to 70%, the diameter d of the trunk is more than or equal to 4mm, and the bending property F of the trunk w (N) is more than or equal to 3d, and the compressive strength F of the trunk is more than or equal to 3d y (N) is more than or equal to 5d, and the puncture strength F of the trunk c (N) is more than or equal to 2d. The invention also researches that the growth is continued for more than 60 days, and the number of lateral branch buds of each plant of the primary material is not less than 80.
3) Post-treating the raw material: harvesting the trunk and the side branches of the raw material treated in the step 2), removing the mixed leaves, sterilizing and cleaning, and curing for 12-72 hours in a light-proof temperature-increasing curing environment, wherein the temperature of the light-proof temperature-increasing curing environment is 25-38 ℃ and the relative humidity is above 70%; the light-resistant warming maintenance is 100% dark cultivation, the light-resistant warming maintenance environment is shown in fig. 1, the light-resistant warming maintenance comprises a porous supporting bottom plate 2, a top light-resistant warming cover 3 and a side light-resistant warming maintenance space 6 formed by enclosing the side light-resistant warming cover 7, a spraying device 4 and a heating device 5 are arranged above the light-resistant warming maintenance space 6, and a diversion trench 1 is arranged below the light-resistant warming maintenance space 6.
Further preferably, the light-shielding temperature-raising curing time is 24-72 h, and the temperature is 25-30 ℃.
The disinfection comprises the steps of taking a second disinfection agent to dilute 300-1000 times, then uniformly spraying or directly coating the second disinfection agent on the side branches and the main materials, and after the second disinfection agent stays for 3 minutes, washing the second disinfection agent with clean water, wherein the second disinfection agent contains permanganate ions.
4) Seedling raising: firstly, adding soil, water, a first sterilizing disinfectant and a growth promoter into a cultivation pool, controlling the mass ratio of the soil to the water to be (1-10): 2, wherein the concentration of the first sterilizing disinfectant is 0.2-0.4 g/m 3 The first sterilizing disinfectant comprises chloride ions, sodium ions, copper ions and iron ions, the mass ratio of the ions is (3-7): (2-5): (5-13): (4-11), and the concentration of the growth-promoting agent in the cultivation pond is as follows: 100-500 mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 250-450 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50-150 mg/L of calcium chloride, 20-60 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 20-60 mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
Transferring the plants treated in the step 3) directly to a cultivation pond for cultivation for more than 15 days, wherein the cultivation pond is placed under illumination conditions, and the cultivation pond is exposed to natural light or artificial light source illumination environment in a light-transmitting greenhouse. The water temperature in the water pool is 6-38deg.C, preferably 15-38deg.C, and more preferably 30deg.C. Wherein, the water depth is 8-40 cm after 7 days, and the preferable cultivation time is 15-40 days.
5) Collecting seedlings: taking out the seedlings from the cultivation pool, putting the seedlings into a container or a sealing bag, keeping the root parts of the seedlings moist and the moisture sufficient, wherein the number of root systems of each seedling reaches more than 30, the average root system length is more than 11cm, and the seedling height is between 0.2 and 0.6 m.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following detailed description is made in connection with specific embodiments.
The bending property, compressive strength and puncture strength of the trunk of the raw material are tested by using a DDY-1 portable plant stalk strength measuring instrument (Shijia Zhuangshen scientific and technological Co., ltd.) according to the embodiment of the invention, and the specific testing method is as follows:
bending performance: selecting a bending performance pressure head, placing the 3 rd section of the base of the trunk on a bracket with 5cm intervals at two ends, slowly and uniformly pulling down an instrument handle, and measuring the maximum force of the pressure head for pressing the trunk;
compressive strength: the selected area is 1cm 2 The 3 rd section of the main trunk base is placed on a scale frame, an instrument handle is slowly and uniformly pulled down, and the maximum force of the pressure head for crushing the main trunk skin tissue structure is measured;
puncture strength: the selected area is 1mm 2 The instrument handle is slowly and uniformly pulled down, and the maximum force of the measuring head penetrating through the 3 rd section of the skin tissue structure of the trunk base is measured.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the influence of trunks with different lignification degrees on seedling raising is explored, and the cultivation of arundo donax seedlings is taken as an example, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) Selecting arundo donax with growth time of more than 60 days;
2) Removing the top of arundo donax, continuing to grow for 60 days, screening arundo donax with the stem water content less than or equal to 70% and the diameter d more than or equal to 4mm, measuring the stem strength of the 3 rd section of the trunk, and dividing the trunk into a completely substandard group, a partial substandard group and a substandard group by using a lignification evaluation standard, wherein the total number of the arundo donax stems is 3, and 10 plants are in each group;
the topping method comprises the following steps: removing one or two sections of the top end of the arundo donax by using gardening scissors, wherein the removed part reaches the 4 th nodule position from the top bud;
wherein, the standard group needs to meet the bending performance F at the same time w (N) is more than or equal to 3d, compressive strength F y (N) is more than or equal to 5d, puncture strength F c (N) is more than or equal to 2d; completely substandard bending property, compressive strength and puncture of groupThe strength is not satisfied; part of the bending performance, compressive strength and puncture strength of the standard group are partially met;
3) Removing mixed leaves of the grouped arundo donax, spraying a potassium permanganate solution with the dilution of 300 times for disinfection, cleaning, and then placing the arundo donax in a light-proof temperature-increasing curing environment for curing for 24 hours, wherein the temperature of the light-proof temperature-increasing curing environment is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 90%;
4) 200L of water, 100Kg of soil and 0.2g/m of soil are added into a cultivation pool 3 The first sterilizing disinfectant (sodium hypochlorite, copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate in the mass ratio of 1:1:1), a growth promoter (ammonium nitrate 100mg/L, potassium nitrate 350mg/L, calcium chloride 100mg/L, monopotassium phosphate 20mg/L and magnesium sulfate 60 mg/L); transferring the Arundo donax processed in the step 3) into a cultivation pond, placing the cultivation pond under illumination, controlling the water level to be 20cm after 7 days and controlling the water level to be 20cm after the water temperature is 20-35 ℃ and cultivating for 20 days;
5) And (5) collecting seedlings.
In this example, the survival number of bud nodes and the survival number of seedlings of each group of arundo donax are counted, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Grouping | Bud node survival number | Number of survival of plants |
| Completely substandard group | 3.30±0.90 | 8.60±3.01 |
| Part of standard group | 4.40±1.43 | 12.10±2.26 |
| Group up to standard | 6.80±1.17 | 22.70±3.66 |
From table 1, it can be seen that the standard group can significantly improve the survival rate of bud nodes, which is beneficial to healthy germination of buds and improves the quality of emergence and the survival rate of seedling planting.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the influence of the topping and the continuous growth time after topping on the seedling raising is explored, and the cultivation of arundo donax seedlings is taken as an example, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) Selecting 20 arundo donax plants growing for more than 60 days;
2) Arundo donax is randomly divided into a control group and a topping group, wherein the total number of the arundo donax is 2, and 10 plants are in each group; removing the top of the arundo donax by the topping group, and continuing to grow for 60 days without removing the top of the control group;
the topping method comprises the following steps: removing one or two sections of the top ends of the arundo donax by using gardening scissors, wherein the removed part reaches the 4 th nodule position from the top bud.
In this example, the sprouting condition, the number of side branches, the multiplication factor and the like of each group of arundo donax are counted, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
The bending property, compression resistance, puncture property and the like of arundo donax after each group of arundo donax grows for 60 days are also tested in the embodiment, and the results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Table 3
| Project | Control group | Top removing set |
| Bending performance/N | 28.60±8.58 | 44.67±10.68 |
| Compressive Strength/N | 94.82±20.27 | 155.30±29.49 |
| Puncture strength/N | 27.28±7.42 | 39.11±8.58 |
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, topping can significantly increase the number of side shoots of arundo donax, thereby increasing the total number of shoots and achieving the purpose of proliferation before cultivation. After 60 days of topping, the proliferation multiple reaches more than 12 times. The invention determines the dominant method for removing the top end, and achieves the aim of fully utilizing the parent plant by efficiently increasing lateral buds. Meanwhile, the proliferation process is placed before the seedling raising step, so that the seedling raising is realized without depending on a tissue culture rapid propagation method, the proliferation effect can be achieved, and the problem that the traditional nutrition propagation (except the tissue culture rapid propagation) cannot be propagated is solved. The method not only avoids the defect of long culture period of the tissue culture rapid propagation seedlings, but also maintains the advantage of proliferation seedling culture of the tissue culture rapid propagation, and saves the subculture cost due to natural proliferation.
Meanwhile, after 60 days of topping, the bending performance, the compression resistance and the puncture performance of the trunk are obviously improved, so that the lignification degree of the trunk can be improved by removing the top end advantage.
From the aspects of seedling raising period and cost, the invention selects plants which continue to grow for more than 30 days to more than 6 lateral branches after topping, the length of each lateral branch is more than 0.6 meter, and each lateral branch contains more than 6 bud sections as the primary materials for subsequent culture.
Example 3
The embodiment explores the influence of light-proof temperature-raising maintenance on seedling raising, taking arundo donax seedlings as an example, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting arundo donax with growth time of more than 60 days and growth height of more than 1.7 m;
2) The arundo donax is subjected to topping treatment according to the topping method described in the example 1, and then grows for 60 days, each plant is selected to meet the requirement that the water content of the trunk is less than or equal to 70%, the diameter is more than or equal to 4mm, and the bending performance F of the 3 rd trunk is measured w (N) is more than or equal to 3d, compressive strength F y (N) is more than or equal to 5d, and puncture strength F c (N) 30 Arundo donax L plants with the length of not less than 2d, randomly dividing the Arundo donax L into a control group, a curing group and a curing time-out group, wherein the total number of the Arundo donax L plants is 3, and 10 plants are arranged in each group;
A. the seedling raising steps of the curing group are as follows:
3) Collecting trunk and side branches, removing mixed leaves, spraying potassium permanganate solution with 300 times of dilution for disinfection treatment, cleaning, placing in a light-proof warming curing environment for curing for 2 days, and controlling the curing temperature to 30 ℃ and the relative humidity to 90%;
4) Adding 100Kg of soil, 200L of water and 0.2g/m of water into a cultivation pool 3 The plant obtained in the step 3) is transferred to a cultivation pond, the cultivation pond is placed under the illumination condition, the water temperature is 20-35 ℃, the water level is controlled to be 20cm after 7 days, and the cultivation is carried out for 20 days;
5) And (5) collecting seedlings.
B. The seedling raising step of the control group is the same as that of the maintenance group, and the control group and the maintenance group are different in that: in the step 3), the trunk and the side branches are collected, the mixed leaves are removed, a potassium permanganate solution with 300 times of dilution is sprayed for sterilization, the potassium permanganate solution is not subjected to light-proof temperature rise maintenance after being cleaned, the potassium permanganate solution is directly transferred to a cultivation pond for cultivation for 2 days, then a first sterilization disinfectant, 100Kg of soil, 200L of water and a growth promoter (100 mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 350mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of calcium chloride, 20mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 60mg/L of magnesium sulfate) are added, the water level is controlled to be 20cm after 7 days, and the total cultivation is carried out for 20 days.
C. The seedling raising step of the curing timeout group is the same as that of the curing group, and the curing timeout group and the curing group are different in that: in the step 3), the trunk and the side branches are collected, the mixed leaves are removed, and after being sprayed with a potassium permanganate solution which is diluted 300 times for disinfection treatment and cleaning, the mixture is placed in a light-proof warming maintenance environment for 7 days for cultivation.
The rooting conditions of each group are counted regularly in the embodiment, and the results are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 Table 4
| Grouping | Rooting rate for 5 days | Rooting rate for 10 days | Rooting rate for 15 days |
| Control group | 24.9％ | 54.3％ | 72.1％ |
| Curing group | 31.2％ | 74.4％ | 100.0％ |
| Curing timeout group | 3.8％ | 10％ | 13.8％ |
As can be seen from Table 4, the light-proof temperature-raising maintenance is beneficial to rapid germination in the early stage of seedling culture, and rapid accumulation of temperature in a short period is beneficial to lateral bud germination. The light-proof temperature-raising maintenance can obviously improve the rooting rate, complete all rooting within 15 days, and is favorable for large-scale seedling raising and standardization. And the light-resistant warming maintenance time is required to be within the scope of the invention, and the rooting rate is reduced due to the overlong light-resistant warming maintenance time. Meanwhile, the temperature and humidity are required to be strictly controlled during light-proof warming maintenance, the survival rate is reduced due to the fact that the temperature is too high, the dark culture time is prolonged due to the fact that the temperature is too low, bud whitening is caused due to the fact that illumination is absent for a long time, and the seedling emergence quality is affected.
Other light-proof temperature-raising maintenance conditions are also explored in the embodiment, for example, the temperature of the light-proof temperature-raising maintenance environment is 25 ℃, 28 ℃, 35 ℃, 38 ℃, the relative humidity is 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 95% and 100%, and the rooting rate reaches 100% under the conditions of each temperature and humidity.
The invention carries out maintenance on the plant after proliferation under reasonable conditions, the temperature of the light-proof temperature-increasing maintenance environment is 25-38 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 70%; preferably, the temperature of the light-proof temperature-increasing curing environment is 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity is more than 70%, and the curing time is 24-72 h; more preferably, the temperature of the light-resistant temperature-increasing curing environment is 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 90%, and the curing time is 48 hours.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the influence of removing the mixed leaves and sterilizing in the step 3) on the survival rate of the trunk bud node and the survival rate of emergence is explored, and the cultivation of the arundo donax seedlings is exemplified by the following specific steps:
1) Selecting arundo donax with growth time of more than 60 days and growth height of more than 1.7 m;
2) Removing top of Arundo donax by removing top according to the method described in example 1, growing for 60 days, reserving 8 bud nodes, selecting plant with water content less than or equal to 70%, diameter more than or equal to 4mm, and measuring bending property F of 3 rd node trunk w (N) is more than or equal to 3d, compressive strength F y (N) is more than or equal to 5d, and puncture strength F c (N)≥2d, randomly dividing the arundo donax into a control group without defoliation and disinfection, a defoliation control group, a disinfection control group and a defoliation disinfection group, wherein the total number of the arundo donax 40 is 4, and 10 plants are in each group;
A. the seedling raising steps of the defoliation disinfection group are as follows:
3) Taking the trunk of arundo donax, removing the mixed leaves, spraying a potassium permanganate solution which is 300 times diluted for sterilization treatment, cleaning, placing in a light-proof warming curing environment for curing for 2 days, and controlling the curing temperature to be 30 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 90%;
4) Adding 100Kg of soil, 200L of water and 0.2g/m of water into a cultivation pool 3 The plant obtained in the step 3) is transferred to a cultivation pond, the cultivation pond is placed under the illumination condition, the water temperature is 20-35 ℃, the water depth is controlled to be 20cm after 7 days, and the cultivation is carried out for 20 days;
5) And (5) collecting seedlings.
B. The seedling raising step of the non-defoliation and non-disinfection control group is the same as that of the defoliation and disinfection group, and the difference between the non-defoliation and non-disinfection control group and the defoliation and disinfection group is that: and 3) taking the trunk of the arundo donax in the step 3) without defoliation and disinfection treatment.
C. The seedling raising step of the defoliation control group is the same as that of the defoliation disinfection group, and the defoliation control group and the defoliation disinfection group are different in that: and 3) taking the trunk of the arundo donax in the step 3), and removing the mixed leaves without sterilizing.
D. The seedling raising step of the disinfection control group is the same as that of the defoliation disinfection group, and the disinfection control group and the defoliation disinfection group are different in that: and 3) taking the trunk of the arundo donax, retaining the mixed leaves, spraying and diluting the potassium permanganate solution 300 times for disinfection treatment, and cleaning.
In this example, the survival number of bud nodes and the survival number of seedlings of each group of arundo donax are counted, and the results are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5
| Grouping | Bud node survival number | Number of survival of seedlings |
| Control group without defoliation and disinfection | 3.20±1.25 | 8.80±3.22 |
| Defoliation control group | 4.80±1.25 | 12.50±2.84 |
| Disinfection control group | 4.90±1.30 | 15.00±2.49 |
| Defoliation disinfection group | 7.70±0.46 | 30.70±2.10 |
As shown in Table 5, the further disinfection after removing the mixed leaves can reduce the survival rate of the bacterial virus, further remarkably improve the survival rate of bud nodes, be beneficial to healthy germination of the buds and improve the quality of emergence. The defoliation disinfection group is improved by 1.5 times compared with the defoliation control group, the survival number of the seedlings is improved by 1 time compared with the disinfection control group, and the survival number of the seedlings is improved by 2 times compared with the non-disinfection control group without defoliation.
Example 5
In this example, the effect of the growth-promoting agent and the amounts of soil and water on the cultivation of young arundo donax is explored, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) Selecting arundo donax with growth time of more than 60 days and growth height of more than 1.7 m;
2) The arundo donax is subjected to topping treatment according to the topping method described in the example 1, and then grows for 60 days, each plant is selected to meet the requirement that the water content of the trunk is less than or equal to 70%, the diameter is more than or equal to 4mm, and the bending performance F of the 3 rd trunk is measured w (N) is more than or equal to 3d, compressive strength F y (N) is more than or equal to 5d, and puncture strength F c (N) 180 Arundo donax plants with the length of more than or equal to 2d, randomly dividing the Arundo donax plants into 18 groups of 10 plants each;
3) Collecting trunk and side branches, removing mixed leaves, spraying potassium permanganate solution with 300 times of dilution for disinfection treatment, cleaning, placing in a light-proof warming curing environment for curing for 2 days, and controlling the curing temperature to 30 ℃ and the relative humidity to 90%;
4) Adding soil, water and 0.2g/m into a cultivation pool 3 Transferring the plants obtained in the step 3) into a cultivation pond, wherein the cultivation pond is placed under illumination, the water temperature is 20-35 ℃, the water depth is controlled to be 20cm after 7 days, and the cultivation is carried out for 20 days, and the amounts of each group of growth aids, soil and water are shown in table 6 (factors and levels) and table 7 (orthogonal test results);
5) And (5) collecting seedlings.
The invention takes the number of seedlings, the height of the seedlings and the root length as evaluation indexes, the weight coefficient is 1/3, and the comprehensive grading value is calculated. Through L 18 (3 6 ) The best growth aids and amounts of soil and water were preferably used in the orthogonal test, and the results are shown in tables 7 and 8 (analysis of variance).
TABLE 6
TABLE 7
TABLE 8
| Factors of | SS | f | F | P |
| A | 4893.37 | 2.00 | 240.51 | <0.01 |
| B | 16.24 | 2.00 | 0.80 | >0.1 |
| C | 1183.02 | 2.00 | 58.15 | <0.01 |
| D | 47.04 | 2.00 | 2.31 | >0.1 |
| E | 43.97 | 2.00 | 2.16 | >0.1 |
| F | 154.45 | 2.00 | 7.59 | >0.1 |
Note that: f (F) 0.05 ＝(2，2)＝19.00，F 0.01 ＝(2，2)＝99.00。
As can be seen from Table 8, the best combination is A 3 B 1 C 2 D 2 E 1 F 3 Namely, the optimal seedling raising conditions are as follows: the mass ratio of the soil to the water is 1:2, the ammonium nitrate is 100mg/L, the potassium nitrate is 350mg/L, the calcium chloride is 100mg/L, the monopotassium phosphate is 20mg/L, and the magnesium sulfate is 60mg/L.
In this example, a verification experiment was further performed on the optimal seedling raising condition obtained above, and the effect on the number of seedlings, the height of seedlings, and the root length under the seedling raising condition was verified, and 3 groups of parallel experiments were performed, and the results are shown in table 9:
TABLE 9
| Grouping | Number of seedlings/plant | Height/cm of seedling | Root length/cm | Comprehensive scoring |
| 1 | 300.5 | 62.9 | 37.5 | 100.3 |
| 2 | 305.2 | 61.2 | 38.8 | 101.0 |
| 3 | 303.4 | 60.5 | 39.2 | 100.8 |
| Average value of | 303.0 | 61.5 | 38.5 | 100.7 |
As is clear from Table 9, under the experimental conditions that the mass ratio of soil to water is 1:2, the ammonium nitrate is 100mg/L, the potassium nitrate is 350mg/L, the calcium chloride is 100mg/L, the monopotassium phosphate is 20mg/L, and the magnesium sulfate is 60mg/L, the number of seedlings is 300 or more, the height of seedlings is 60cm or more, the root length is about 38cm, the proliferation coefficient is high, the root of seedlings is strong, and the seedlings are tidy.
Example 6
The embodiment explores the influence of the growth-assisting agent and the conventional compound fertilizer on seedling raising, takes the cultivation of arundo donax seedlings as an example, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) Selecting arundo donax with growth time of more than 60 days and growth height of more than 1.7 m;
2) The arundo donax is subjected to topping treatment according to the topping method described in the example 1, and then grows for 60 days, each plant is selected to meet the requirement that the water content of the trunk is less than or equal to 70%, the diameter is more than or equal to 4mm, and the bending performance F of the 3 rd trunk is measured w (N) is more than or equal to 3d, compressive strength F y (N) is more than or equal to 5d, and puncture strength F c (N) 40 Arundo donax plants with the length of more than or equal to 2d, randomly dividing the Arundo donax into 4 groups of blank control group, conventional compound fertilizer control group, growth promoter group I and growth promoter group II, and 10 plants in each group;
3) Collecting trunk and side branches, removing mixed leaves, spraying potassium permanganate solution with 300 times of dilution for disinfection treatment, cleaning, placing in a light-proof warming curing environment for curing for 2 days, and controlling the curing temperature to 30 ℃ and the relative humidity to 90%;
A. the seedling raising step of the growth promoter group I comprises the following steps:
4) Adding 100Kg of soil, 200L of water and 0.2g/m of water into a cultivation pool 3 The plant obtained in the step 3) is transferred to a cultivation pond, the cultivation container is placed under the illumination condition, the water temperature is 20-35 ℃, the water depth is controlled to be 20cm after 7 days, and the cultivation is carried out for 20 days;
5) And (5) collecting seedlings.
B. The seedling raising step of the second growth-promoting agent group is the same as that of the first growth-promoting agent group, and the second growth-promoting agent group is different from the first growth-promoting agent group in that: the auxiliary growth agent is 500mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 450mg/L of potassium nitrate, 150mg/L of calcium chloride, 60mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 60mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
C. The seedling raising step of the conventional compound fertilizer control group is the same as that of the growth promoter group I, and the conventional compound fertilizer control group and the growth promoter group I are different in that: the growth-assisting agent is replaced by a Schdanli compound fertilizer (15-15-15) with the concentration of 1g/L.
D. The seedling raising step of the blank control group is the same as that of the growth-assisting agent group I, and the blank control group and the growth-assisting agent group I are different in that: no growth promoter is added in step 4).
The average emergence number, seedling height, root length and the like of each plant of each group are counted in the embodiment, and the results are shown in table 10:
table 10
| Grouping | Number of seedlings/plant | Height/cm of seedling | Root length/cm |
| Blank control group | 96.2±18.8 | 16.7±4.0 | 15.1±2.9 |
| Conventional compound fertilizer control group | 125.2±25.8 | 24.7±4.6 | 20.2±3.3 |
| Growth promoter group I | 300.6±8.5 | 59.9±0.8 | 38.6±0.7 |
| Growth-promoting agent group II | 273.7±3.7 | 52.9±1.6 | 23.8±0.7 |
As shown in Table 10, the growth promoter provided by the invention can obviously improve the number and quality of seedlings of arundo donax, and when the concentration of the growth promoter is 100mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 350mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of calcium chloride, 20mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 60mg/L of magnesium sulfate, the number and quality of seedlings are better.
Example 7
The embodiment explores the influence of the growth promoter on the seedling raising of different plants, wherein the plants are corn, giant fungus grass, trifoliate acanthopanax, pear bamboo, fragrant bamboo, triarrhena, reed and reed, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) Selecting plants of corn, pennisetum sinese, trifoliate acanthus, pear bamboo, xiang bamboo, triarrhena, reed and reed;
2) Each plant was subjected to topping treatment according to the topping method described in example 1 and then continued to grow for 60 days, and each plant was selected to satisfy the trunk moisture content of 70% or less, the diameter of 4mm or more, and the bending property F of the 3 rd trunk was measured w (N) is more than or equal to 3d, compressive strength F y (N) is more than or equal to 5d, and puncture strength F c (N) plants with the diameters of more than or equal to 2d, wherein 10 plants are selected from each plant;
3) Collecting trunk and side branches, removing mixed leaves, spraying potassium permanganate solution with 300 times of dilution for disinfection treatment, cleaning, placing in a light-proof warming curing environment for curing for 2 days, and controlling the curing temperature to 25 ℃ and the relative humidity to 90%;
4) Adding 100Kg of soil, 200L of water and 0.2g/m of water into a cultivation pool 3 The plant obtained in the step 3) is transferred to a cultivation pond, the cultivation pond is placed under the illumination condition, the water temperature is 20-35 ℃, Controlling the water depth to be 20cm after 7 days, and culturing for 20 days;
5) And (5) collecting seedlings.
The diameter d and bending property F of the obtained seedlings w Compressive Strength F y Puncture strength F c The average number of seedlings, average height of seedlings, average root length and the like of each plant were counted, and the results are shown in table 11:
TABLE 11
As can be seen from Table 11, the seedling raising method provided by the invention is suitable for common gramineous plants with stalk bud structures.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a method for raising seedlings of arundo donax, which comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting arundo donax with growth height of more than 1.7 m after growing for more than 60 days;
2) The two sections of the top of the arundo donax trunk were excised and the removed sections were down from the terminal buds to the fourth nodule. After the growth is continued for 30 days, 8 lateral branches grow, the length of each lateral branch is more than 0.6m, the bud node number of each primary material lateral branch is 47.50 +/-11.73, the water content of the trunk is less than or equal to 70%, the diameter is more than or equal to 4mm, and the bending performance F of the 3 rd trunk is measured w (N) is more than or equal to 3d, compressive strength F y (N) is more than or equal to 5d, and puncture strength F c (N)≥2d；
3) Harvesting 8 side branches of arundo donax after being treated in the step 2), removing mixed leaves, uniformly spraying a potassium permanganate solution diluted 300 times on the side branches and a main material (or smearing and wiping by using a second sterilizing disinfectant), standing for 3 minutes, washing cleanly by using clear water, and curing for 48 hours in a light-proof temperature-increasing curing environment shown in fig. 1, wherein the temperature of the light-proof curing environment is 30 ℃ and the relative humidity is 90%.
4) 200L of water, 100Kg of soil and 0.3g/m of soil are added into a cultivation pool 3 A first sterilizing disinfectant (sodium hypochlorite, copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate with the mass ratio of 1:1:1), a growth promoter (ammonium nitrate 100mg/L, potassium nitrate 350mg/L and chloridizing)100mg/L of calcium, 20mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 60mg/L of magnesium sulfate); transferring the Arundo donax processed in the step 3) into a cultivation pool, placing the cultivation pool in a light-transmitting greenhouse under illumination, controlling the water temperature to be 30 ℃, controlling the water depth to be 20cm after 7 days, and cultivating for 15 days;
5) Collecting seedlings: and taking out the seedlings from the cultivation pool, putting the seedlings into a container or a sealing bag, and keeping the root parts of the seedlings moist and the moisture sufficient.
In the embodiment, 246 seedlings are collected in total, the rooting rate of each seedling is 100%, the number of root systems of each seedling is more than 30, the average root length is more than 11cm, and the seedling height is between 0.2 and 0.6 m. The whole emergence period is 51 days. And planting and culturing 246 seedlings under the same condition, wherein the survival rate is more than 98%.
The present example also explored the use of the second sterilant in the sterilization process of step 3) after 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 times dilution, found the same technical effect as the dilution of 300 times.
The present example also explores a first sterilant concentration of 0.2g/m 3 And 0.4g/m 3 The effect on seedling cultivation was found to be 0.3g/m 3 The technical effects of (2) are the same.
In addition, the embodiment also explores the influence of the seedling raising time of 20 days, 30 days, 40 days and 45 days on the seedling raising in the cultivation pool, and discovers that the cultivation time is 15-40 days, and the root system number and the seedling height of the seedlings are effectively increased. The invention selects the seedling raising time in the cultivating pool to be 15-40 days, preferably 15-20 days.
Example 9
The present example provides a method of raising seedlings of arundo donax, which is the same as example 8;
this embodiment differs from embodiment 8 in that: cutting off a section of the top of the main trunk of the arundo donax in the step 1), and collecting 8 side branches, wherein the bud node number of the side branches is 45.20+/-10.30; the water temperature in the cultivation pool in the step 4) is 25 ℃, and the cultivation is carried out for 20 days.
In the embodiment, 233 seedlings are collected in total, the rooting rate of each seedling is 100%, the number of root systems of each seedling is more than 30, the average root length is more than 11cm, and the seedling height is between 0.2 and 0.6 m. The whole emergence period is 52 days. 233 seedlings are planted and cultivated under the same condition, and the survival rate is over 94 percent.
The present example also explored the effect of the water temperature of the cultivation pond at 6 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 35 ℃, 38 ℃ on the cultivation, and found the same technical effect as the water temperature at 25 ℃.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a method of growing seedlings of Arundo donax, which is the same as example 9;
the difference between this comparative example and example 9 is that: in the step 3), the temperature of the light-proof temperature-increasing curing environment is 10 ℃, the relative humidity is 100%, and the curing time is more than 72h.
The comparative example collects 214 seedlings in total, the rooting rate of the seedlings is 80.3%, the number of root systems of each seedling is about 30, the average root length is more than 11cm, and the seedling height is between 0.2 and 0.3 m. The whole emergence period is 60 days. 214 rooting seedlings are planted and cultivated under the same condition, and the survival rate is lower than 85%. Compared with example 9, the seedlings cultivated in this comparative example have lower heights, long emergence periods and lower survival rates.
Example 10
The present example provides a method of raising seedlings of arundo donax, which is the same as example 9;
this example differs from example 9 in that in step 4), the water level was 30cm for the first 7 days and 15cm after 7 days.
In the embodiment, 251 seedlings are collected in total, the rooting rate of each seedling is 100%, the number of root systems of each seedling is more than 35, the average root length is more than 13cm, and the seedling height is between 0.2 and 0.6 m. The whole emergence period is 51 days. 251 seedlings are planted and cultivated under the same condition, and the survival rate is more than 99%.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a method of growing seedlings of Arundo donax, which is the same as example 10;
the present comparative example differs from example 10 in that: in step 4), the water level was 10cm for the first 7 days and 30cm after 7 days.
The comparative example collects 239 seedlings altogether, the rooting rate of each seedling is 80%, the number of root systems of each seedling is less than 30, the average root system length is about 11cm, and the seedling height is about 0.2 m. The whole emergence period is 60 days. And planting and culturing 239 seedlings under the same condition, wherein the survival rate is lower than 80%. Compared with example 10, the seedlings cultivated in this comparative example have lower heights, underdeveloped root systems and low survival rates. This is probably due to the high water level of example 10 in the first 7 days of cultivation, which enables adequate germination of the parent material to facilitate emergence, whereas 7 days later, by adjusting the water level, the standardized water level is reached, which is more favorable for rooting, since the root system is closer to the soil.
Example 11
The present embodiment provides a seedling raising method of gramineous plants, which is the same as that of embodiment 8;
this embodiment differs from embodiment 8 in that: the arundo donax is replaced by arundo donax, trifoliate acanthopanax, caryophyllus, phyllostachys praecox, sugarcane, triarrhena, pennisetum sinese, corn, false rice, blighted grass, rong grass, reed and reed-like, and 10 plants are selected for each plant.
The present example performs statistics on the germination of each plant, and the results are shown in table 12:
table 12
As is clear from Table 12, gramineous plants of the general bamboo subfamily, the broomcorn subfamily, the rice subfamily, the arundo donax subfamily and the like can be cultivated by the cultivation method of the invention, and the planting survival rate is more than 90%. Therefore, other plants of the general Gramineae family can also adopt the seedling raising method of the invention.
Example 12
The embodiment explores the influence of the seedling raising method and the traditional cuttage and tissue culture rapid propagation on the seedling raising, takes the cultivation of arundo donax seedlings as an example, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting arundo donax with growth time of more than 60 days and growth height of more than 1.7 m;
2) The arundo donax is subjected to topping treatment according to the topping method described in the example 1, and then grows for 60 days, each plant is selected to meet the requirement that the water content of the trunk is less than or equal to 70%, the diameter is more than or equal to 4mm, and the bending performance F of the 3 rd trunk is measured w (N) is more than or equal to 3d, compressive strength F y (N) is more than or equal to 5d, and puncture strength F c (N) 40 Arundo donax L plants with the length of more than or equal to 2d, randomly dividing the Arundo donax L into a first tissue culture group, a second tissue culture group, a cutting group and an invention group, wherein the total number of the Arundo donax L plants is 4, and 10 plants are arranged in each group;
the invention comprises the following steps: step 3) -step 5) seedlings were grown according to the seedling method of the growth promoter group one of example 6 of the present application.
Tissue culture group one: sterilizing lateral buds of Arundo donax by mercury chloride, transferring into self-made proliferation culture medium (MS+6-BA 8.0mg/L+IBA 0.8 mg/L+sucrose 30.0 g/L+agar 3.5 g/L), transferring for several generations according to growth condition until a mother bottle is formed, transferring into rooting culture medium (1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+sucrose 20.0 g/L+active carbon 1.0 g/L), culturing for 50 days, and performing steps of washing seedlings, hardening seedlings, domestication and the like to reach the seedling emergence standard after 50 days.
Tissue culture group II: the difference between the tissue culture group II and the tissue culture group I is that: and forming a mother bottle, and transferring the mother bottle into a rooting culture medium after 1 time of subculture.
Cutting group: and (3) inserting the armpit buds of the stem nodes of the arundo donax upwards on the inclined furrow of one plant of two nodes, wherein one node is arranged on the furrow, one node is arranged on the ground surface, the periphery of the skewer is compacted by soil, watering is carried out until the soil is wet, and then normal field management is carried out until the seedling emergence standard is reached.
In this example, seedlings obtained in each group were transplanted, and after 20 days, the seedling emergence period, the number of seedlings, the survival rate, the cost and the like of each group were counted, and the results are shown in table 13:
TABLE 13
| Grouping | Period/day of emergence | Each plant emergence/plant | Survival rate of planting | Cost (Yuan/plant) |
| Tissue culture group one | 180 | 77.2±2.1 | 70％ | 5 |
| Tissue culture group II | 230 | 192±5.0 | 64％ | 5 |
| Cutting group | 102 | 32.9±0.8 | 62％ | 0.6 |
| Inventive group | 51 | 300.6±8.5 | 98％ | 0.5 |
As shown in Table 13, the seedling raising method provided by the invention has the advantages of short seedling raising period, high proliferation coefficient, low cost and high survival rate, compared with a tissue culture mode, the seedling raising period is shortened by more than 2/3, the number of seedlings raised by each plant of original material is increased by 1.5-3.6 times, the survival rate of seedlings is increased to more than 90%, and the cost of each plant of seedlings is reduced by about 10 times; compared with a cutting mode, the seedling emergence period of the seedling raising method provided by the invention is shortened to half of the original seedling emergence period, and the number of seedlings of each plant of original material is increased by about 10 times.
Example 13
The present example explores the effect of the seedling method of the present invention and the conventional cutting, tissue culture and rapid propagation on seedling, as in example 12, except that the Arundo donax was replaced with Acanthopanax trifoliatus, saccharum sinensis Roxb, phragmites communis, arundo donax and Junoris.
In this example, the seedling emergence period, the seedling emergence number and the survival rate of different plants in different seedling raising modes are counted, and the results are shown in table 14:
TABLE 14
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As can be seen from Table 14, compared with the conventional cutting and tissue culture rapid propagation, the seedling method provided by the invention can still effectively shorten the seedling period, improve the number of seedlings and improve the survival rate for other gramineous plants.
The embodiment shows that the seedling raising method provided by the invention shortens the seedling raising period, increases the number of seedlings, improves the survival rate of the seedlings, improves the quality of the seedlings and reduces the seedling raising cost.
In summary, compared with the traditional cutting and tissue culture rapid propagation modes, the seedling raising method provided by the invention has the advantages that the utilization rate of raw materials is high, seedlings are stronger, roots are developed and plump, transplanting is easier to survive, the survival rate of the seedlings is improved to more than 90%, meanwhile, the culture mode of removing the top proliferation and combining light-proof and heating in a culture environment for dark culture is adopted, so that lateral buds germinate rapidly in a short time, the seedling emergence quality is ensured, the seedling raising period is shortened by more than 2/3, the cost of a single seedling is reduced by about 10 times on the premise of increasing the number of seedlings, and the large-scale, mechanical, unmanned, intelligent and standardized seedling raising can be realized.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown and described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A seedling raising method for a gramineous plant, comprising the steps of:
1) Selecting a primary material;
2) Pretreatment of raw materials: removing the top of the original material, and continuing to grow for a period of time until each original material grows a plurality of lateral branches, wherein each lateral branch comprises a plurality of bud segments;
3) Post-treating the raw material: harvesting the trunk and the side branches of the raw material treated in the step 2), removing the mixed leaves, sterilizing and cleaning, and curing for 12-72 hours in a light-proof temperature-increasing curing environment, wherein the temperature of the light-proof temperature-increasing curing environment is 25-38 ℃ and the relative humidity is above 70%;
4) Seedling raising: adding water, a first sterilizing disinfectant and a growth promoter into a cultivation pool, and controlling the water depth to be 8-40 cm;
transferring the plants treated in the step 3) to a cultivation pond directly for cultivation for more than 15 days, wherein the cultivation pond is placed under the illumination condition, the water temperature is 6-38 ℃, and the water depth is controlled to be more than 20cm in the first 7 days of cultivation, and 8-40 cm after 7 days;
5) And (5) collecting seedlings.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the topping is one or two or more sections of the top of the trunk of the raw material is physically removed, and the removed part is the top bud down to the fourth nodule;
And/or in the step 2), continuing to grow for more than 30 days until more than or equal to 6 lateral branches grow, wherein the length of each lateral branch is more than 0.6 meter, and each lateral branch comprises more than or equal to 6 bud segments.
3. The seedling raising method according to claim 2, wherein the water content of the trunk of the raw material treated in the step 2) is less than or equal to 70%;
and/or, the diameter d of the trunk of the raw material treated in the step 2) is more than or equal to 4mm;
and/or, the trunk bending property F of the raw material treated by the step 2) w ≥3d；
And/or, the main trunk compressive strength F of the virgin material treated by the step 2) y ≥5d；
And/or, the trunk puncture strength F of the virgin material treated by the step 2) c ≥2d。
4. A seedling raising method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step 3), the light-resistant warming and curing environment is 100% of dark culture, the warming and curing time is 24 to 72 hours, and the warming and curing temperature is 25 to 30 ℃;
and/or in the step 3), the light-resistant temperature-increasing maintenance environment comprises a cover used for light-resistant temperature increasing, a heating and humidifying device is arranged below the cover, and the heating and humidifying device is connected with a temperature control device and a humidity control device.
5. A method of growing seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which in step 3) the disinfection comprises diluting the second disinfectant 300 to 1000 times and then evenly spraying or directly applying it onto the side branches and the trunk material, leaving it for 3 minutes, and then rinsing it clean with clear water, the second disinfectant comprising permanganate ions.
6. The seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein step 4) is replaced with step 4 '), the step 4') being:
adding soil, water, a first sterilizing disinfectant and a growth promoter into a cultivation pool;
transferring the plants treated in the step 3) to a cultivation pond directly for cultivation for more than 15 days, wherein the cultivation pond is placed under the illumination condition, the water temperature is 6-38 ℃, and the water depth after 7 days is 8-40 cm;
preferably, the mass ratio of soil to water is (1-10): 2;
preferably, the growth-promoting agent comprises ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate;
preferably, the first sterilizing disinfectant contains chloride ions, sodium ions, copper ions and iron ions, and the mass ratio of the ions is (3-7): 2-5): 5-13): 4-11; and the concentration of the first sterilizing disinfectant in the cultivation pond is 0.2-0.4 g/m 3 ；
Preferably, the incubation time is 15 to 40 days.
7. The method of raising seedlings according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of soil to water is 1:2;
and/or the concentration of the growth-assisting agent in the cultivation pond is as follows: 100-500 mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 250-450 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 50-150 mg/L of calcium chloride, 20-60 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 20-60 mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
8. The method of raising seedlings according to claim 7, wherein the concentration of said growth-promoting agent in the cultivation pond is: 100mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 350mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of calcium chloride, 20mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 20mg/L of magnesium sulfate.
9. The method for raising seedlings according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein in step 5), seedlings are taken out from the cultivation pond, the number of root systems of each seedling is more than 30, the average root system length is more than or equal to 11cm, and the seedling height is between 0.2 and 0.6 m.
10. The method of raising seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said gramineous plant comprises the subfamily phyllostachys, the subfamily broomcornae, the subfamily oryzaceae or the subfamily arugreek, wherein said subfamily phyllostachys comprises any one of the subfamilies phyllostachys praecox, the phyllostachys praecox and the phyllostachys praecox, said subfamiaceae comprises any one of the group consisting of the sugarcane, the triarrhena, the megaterium and the maize, said subfamiaceae comprises any one of the false rice, the pith and the rongalia.
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