CN115462303A - Seedling raising method for gramineous plants - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for gramineous plants Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a seedling raising method for gramineous plants, belonging to the technical field of plant science. The seedling raising method includes selecting raw material, eliminating top, proliferating, collecting side branches and trunk, dark culturing in dark environment, fast germinating side buds in short time and ensuring seedling quality, setting the plant after dark culture in water pond irradiated with natural light or artificial light source, controlling water temperature and water depth in the water pond, and raising seedling with root system number over 30, average root system length over 11cm and seedling height of 0.2-0.6 m. Therefore, the seedling raising method designed by the invention not only shortens the seedling raising period and reduces the seedling raising cost, but also improves the survival rate of the seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seedling raising method for plants, belongs to the technical field of plant science, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method for gramineous plants.
Background
The seedling original means that seedlings are cultivated in a nursery, a hotbed or a greenhouse for transplanting the seedlings to the soil. Or the stage of the life of various organisms from the young hours to the stage of independent survival through artificial protection. In a common saying, "strong and half-harvest seedlings", seedling culture is a work with high labor intensity, long time consumption, strong technical performance and high cost.
Vegetative propagation is a form of plant propagation, not by sexual means, but by the use of vegetative organs: roots, stems, leaves, etc. to propagate progeny. The seedling culture method based on the vegetative propagation principle can keep the excellent properties of some cultivated plants, and the commonly used seedling culture methods comprise plant division, cuttage, layering, grafting, root reserving, tissue culture and rapid propagation and the like.
In the prior art, gramineous plants with stalks and buds are mainly cultivated by tissue culture and rapid propagation, wherein the tissue culture and rapid propagation are to transplant a culture obtained by primary culture to a new culture environment, then to carry out repeated subculture for many times, also called continuous culture, so as to proliferate a considerable amount of aseptic seedlings and then to transfer to a rooting stage. The proliferation is only the stock plant, and the rooting is the diversion of the proliferation material, and the finished product is finally produced. However, the period of culturing the seedlings by the culture method is longer, the variation rate is larger as the number of subcultures is larger, the natural environment adaptability of the tissue culture seedlings is poorer, the problems of domestication survival rate exist, the requirements of the tissue culture rapid propagation process on the production environment are harsh, the investment is large, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a seedling raising method for gramineous plants, which not only realizes the purpose of shortening the seedling raising period, but also ensures that the root hairs of seedlings are strong and the survival rate is improved to a greater extent.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention discloses a seedling raising method of gramineous plants, which comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a primary material: selecting plant trunks which grow in soil for more than 60 days and have more internodes as primary materials;
2) Pre-treating the primary material: removing the tops of the primary materials, and continuing to grow for a period of time until each primary material grows into a plurality of lateral branches, wherein each lateral branch comprises a plurality of bud knots; where a plurality or plurality refers to three or more.
3) Post-treatment of the virgin material: collecting the main trunk and the lateral branches of the primary material treated in the step 2), removing the miscellaneous leaves, sterilizing, cleaning, and maintaining for 12-72 h in a dark temperature-increasing maintenance environment, wherein the temperature of the dark temperature-increasing maintenance environment is 25-38 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 70%; the mixed leaves refer to redundant leaves, and are easy to cause bacterial or viral infection in cultivation, so that the survival rate is reduced.
4) Seedling culture: adding water, a first sterilizing disinfectant and a growth promoter into the culture pond, and controlling the water depth to be 8-40 cm;
directly transferring the plants treated in the step 3) into a cultivation water pool for cultivation for more than 15 days, wherein the cultivation water pool is placed under the illumination condition, the water temperature is 6-38 ℃, the water depth is controlled to be more than 20cm in the first 7 days of cultivation, and the water depth after 7 days is controlled to be 8-40 cm;
5) And (6) harvesting the seedlings.
Further, in the step 2), the topping is to physically cut off one or two or more sections of the top of the stem of the native material, and the removed part is from the top bud to the fourth node.
Further, in the step 2), the cultivation method continues to grow for more than 30 days until more than or equal to 6 lateral branches grow out, the length of each lateral branch is more than 0.6 meter, and each lateral branch comprises more than or equal to 6 buds.
Further, in the step 3), the dark cultivation is carried out in a dark cultivation environment of 100 percent in a dark cultivation environment, the temperature raising and maintenance time is 24-72 hours, and the temperature raising and maintenance temperature is 30-38 ℃. Further preferably, the temperature rise curing temperature is 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 90%, and the curing time is 48h.
Further, in the step 3), the light-resistant heating and maintaining environment comprises a cover used for light-resistant heating, a heating and humidifying device is arranged below the cover, and the heating and humidifying device is connected with a temperature control device and a humidity control device. The covering object refers to any type of covering object capable of realizing 100% dark breeding, the heating and humidifying device can be an integrated device or other independent equipment in any type, and similarly, the temperature control device and the humidity control device can be integrated devices or other independent equipment in any type.
Further, in the step 3), the disinfection comprises the steps of diluting a second disinfectant by 300-1000 times, uniformly spraying the second disinfectant on the lateral branches and the main dry material, standing for 3 minutes, and then washing the lateral branches and the main dry material with clear water, and the disinfection also comprises the step of directly smearing the second disinfectant after removing the impurity leaves, wherein the second disinfectant comprises permanganate ions.
Further, in the step 4), the incubation time is 15 to 40 days. Preferably 15 to 20 days.
Further, the first sterilization disinfectant comprises chloride ions, sodium ions, copper ions and iron ions, and the mass ratio of the chloride ions to the iron ions is (3-7), (2-5), (5-13) and (4-11);
the growth promoter comprises elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron, and the mass ratio of the elements is (1-4) to (1-3) to (1-2) to (1-4) to (2-5);
the concentration of the first sterilization disinfectant in the culture pond is 0.2 to 0.4g/m 3 The concentration of the growth promoter is 0.4 to 0.6g/m 3 。
Further, in the step 5), the seedlings are taken out from the cultivation water pool, the number of root systems of each seedling is more than 30, the average root system length is more than or equal to 11cm, and the seedling height is between 0.2 and 0.6 m.
Further, the gramineae includes the sub-families of bambusae, panicolaceae, oryzaceae or arundo, wherein the sub-families of bambusae include any one of trifoliate bamboo, dianthus chinensis and arundo pears, the sub-families of panicolaceae include any one of sugarcane, silvergrass, pennisetum and corn, the sub-families of oryza include any one of false rice, blighted shell grass and broomcorn grass, and the sub-families of arundo include any one of arundo donax, reed and reed-like reed.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the traditional tissue culture mode, the seedling culture method has the advantages that the utilization rate of the original material is high, the seedling is stronger, the root hair is more developed and full, and the survival rate of the transplanted seedling is easier, wherein the survival rate of the seedling is improved to more than 90%, and the seedling culture period is shortened to less than 1/3 of the original survival rate.
2. The seedling raising method designed by the invention adopts a mode of using a topping-off proliferation plus light-shielding temperature-increasing maintenance environment, and can realize batch seedling raising under the condition of reducing the cost, wherein the seedling number of each plant of the primary material is effectively increased, and the cost of each plant of the seedling is reduced by about 10 times.
3. The seedling raising method designed by the invention has the advantages that the seedlings are orderly emerged on the basis of quick germination, and the large-scale, mechanization, unmanned, intelligent and standardized seedling emergence is favorably realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a light-resistant temperature-increasing curing environment designed and used in the present invention.
Wherein, each part in figure 1 is numbered as follows:
1. a diversion trench; 2. a porous support floor; 3. a top light-proof heat-preservation cover; 4. a spray wetting device; 5. a heating device; 6. heating and maintaining the space in a dark place; 7. the lateral parts are shaded and insulated.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention may be more clearly understood, a solution of the present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention discloses a seedling raising method for gramineae plants, wherein the gramineae plants comprise the sub-family of Bambusoideae, panicoideae, oryza, or Arundo donax, the sub-family of Bambusoideae comprises any one of Acanthopanax trifoliatus, dianthus caryophyllus and Pyricularia indica, the sub-family of Panicotina comprises any one of sugarcane, silvergrass, jujun grass and corn, the sub-family of Oryza comprises any one of pseudorice, blighted shell grass and Ronga amabilis, and the sub-family of Arundo donax comprises any one of Arundo donax, phragmites communis and Rhaponticus.
The specific seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a primary material: selecting plant trunks which grow in soil for more than 60 days and have more internodes as primary materials;
2) Pre-treating the primary material: physically cutting off one or two or more sections at the top of the stem of the primary material, wherein the removed part is the top bud downwards to the fourth node. Continuously growing for more than 30 days until more than or equal to 6 lateral branches grow, wherein the length of each lateral branch is more than 0.6m and each lateral branch comprises more than or equal to 6 budlings. The invention also researches that the plant can continue to grow for more than 60 days, and the number of lateral branch buds of each plant of the original material is not less than 80.
3) Post-treatment of the virgin material: collecting the main trunk and the lateral branches of the primary material treated in the step 2), removing the miscellaneous leaves, sterilizing, cleaning, and maintaining for 12-72 h in a dark temperature-increasing maintenance environment, wherein the temperature of the dark temperature-increasing maintenance environment is 25-38 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 70%; the light-resistant warming maintenance is 100% of dark maintenance, the light-resistant warming maintenance environment is shown in figure 1 in the attached drawings of the specification, the light-resistant warming maintenance environment comprises a light-resistant warming maintenance space 6 formed by enclosing a porous support base plate 2, a top light-resistant warming insulation covering 3 and side light-resistant warming insulation covering 7, a moisture spraying device 4 and a heating device 5 are arranged above the light-resistant warming maintenance space 6, and a diversion trench is arranged below the light-resistant warming maintenance space 6.
Further preferably, the light-resistant temperature-increasing curing time is 24-72 hours, and the temperature-increasing curing temperature is 30-38 ℃.
Meanwhile, the disinfection comprises the steps of taking a second disinfectant to dilute 300-1000 times, then uniformly spraying the second disinfectant on lateral branches and main dry materials, staying for 3 minutes, then washing the lateral branches and the main dry materials clean with clear water, and removing leaves and then smearing and wiping the lateral branches and the main dry materials with the second disinfectant. The second germicidal sterilant comprises permanganate ions.
4) Seedling culture: firstly, adding water, a first sterilizing disinfectant and a growth promoter into a culture pond, and controlling the concentration of the first sterilizing disinfectant to be 0.2-0.4 g/m 3 The concentration of the growth promoter is 0.4 to 0.6g/m 3 (ii) a The water depth is 8-40 cm; the first sterilization disinfectant comprises chloride ions, sodium ions, copper ions and iron ions, the mass ratio of the ions is (3-7) to (2-5) to (5-13) to (4-11), the growth promoter comprises elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron, and the mass ratio of the elements is (1-4) to (1-3) to (1-2) to (1-4) to (2-5).
Directly transferring the plants treated in the step 3) into a cultivation water pool to be cultivated for more than 15 days, wherein the cultivation water pool is placed under the illumination condition, and the cultivation water pool is exposed in a light-transmitting greenhouse under the illumination environment of natural light or artificial light sources. The water temperature is 6-38 ℃, preferably 15-38 ℃, and more preferably 30 ℃, wherein the water depth is controlled to be more than 20cm in the first 7 days of cultivation, and the water depth is controlled to be 8-40 cm after 7 days; the invention preferably has the cultivation time of 15-40 days, the water depth is controlled to be 20-40cm in the first 7 days of cultivation, and the water depth after 7 days is controlled to be 8-40 cm.
5) Harvesting seedlings: taking out the seedlings from the culture pond, putting the seedlings into a container or a sealed bag, and keeping the roots of the seedlings moist and sufficient in water, wherein the number of the root systems of each seedling is more than 30, the average root system length is more than 11cm, and the height of the seedlings is between 0.2 and 0.6 m.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following detailed description is made with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
In this embodiment, taking the cultivation of arundo donax seedlings as an example, the specific operations and advantages for removing the top end are explored at the same time, and the specific experiment is as follows:
1.1 purpose of experiment;
and (3) obtaining a certain amount of mature lateral buds for seedling culture by means of removing the apical dominance.
1.2 test materials;
garden shears, tape measures, and the like.
1.3 experimental principle;
apical dominance refers to a phenomenon in which the apical growth of the trunk of a plant is dominant while the growth of the lateral buds adjacent to it is inhibited to make the lateral buds in a dormant state, because auxin produced by the apical buds is transported to the lateral buds, inhibiting the growth of the lateral buds.
1.4 Experimental methods;
1. grouping
Selecting 20 giant reed plants which grow for more than 60 days and have the growth height of more than 1.7 m, randomly dividing the giant reed plants into a control group and a topping group which are 2 groups, wherein 10 giant reed plants are selected.
2. A topping method;
removing one or two sections of the top end of the giant reed by using a gardening scissors, wherein the removed part reaches the node 4 below the top bud;
3. a method of measurement;
the sprouting was recorded weekly and statistically analyzed to give the following table 1;
TABLE 1 growth cycle test after topping
1.5 conclusion of the experiment
As can be seen from the above Table 1, the number of lateral buds of Arundo donax can be increased significantly by topping, so that the total number of buds can be increased, and the purpose of proliferation before cultivation can be achieved; meanwhile, the proliferation times are more than 6 times after 30 days of topping, and the proliferation times are more than 12 times after 60 days of topping. The invention determines the superior method for removing the top end, and achieves the purpose of fully utilizing the parent plant by efficiently increasing the lateral buds. Meanwhile, the invention places the proliferation process before the seedling culture step, so that the seedling culture method does not depend on the tissue culture rapid propagation method to culture seedlings, can also achieve the proliferation effect, and solves the problem that the traditional vegetative propagation (except tissue culture rapid propagation) can not be proliferated. Not only avoids the defect of long culture period of the tissue culture rapid propagation seedlings, but also keeps the advantage of propagation seedling of the tissue culture rapid propagation, and saves the subculture cost due to natural propagation.
In consideration of the seedling period and cost, the invention selects plants which continue to grow for more than 30 days after topping and grow more than 6 lateral branches, the length of each lateral branch is more than 0.6 meter, and each lateral branch comprises more than 6 bud nodes as the primary materials for subsequent culture.
Example 2
In this example, on the basis of example 1, the main trunk and the side branches are collected and subjected to a subsequent light-shielding and temperature-increasing maintenance experiment.
The specific experiment is as follows:
2.1 purpose of experiment;
and investigating the influence of light-proof temperature-raising maintenance on seedling emergence.
2.2 test materials;
bamboo reed, sterilizing disinfectant, growth promoter, beaker, watering pot, pipettor, measuring cylinder, scissors, etc.
2.3 experimental principle;
the light-shielding temperature-increasing maintenance is beneficial to the rapid germination acceleration in the early stage of seedling culture, and the rapid temperature accumulation in the short period is beneficial to lateral bud germination.
2.4 Experimental methods;
1. grouping
20 arundo donax linn plants which grow for more than 60 days and have the growth height of more than 1.7 m are selected and randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 plants in total, and the top removal treatment of the embodiment 1 is carried out.
2. Processing method
Control group: collecting lateral branches, removing mixed leaves, placing the lateral branches in a conventional cultivation water pool after the lateral branches are disinfected by a second disinfectant, and cultivating for 2 days; then adding a second disinfection sterilizing agent and a growth promoter, controlling the water level to be 20cm, and culturing for 15 days;
and (3) maintenance group: collecting lateral branches, removing mixed leaves, sterilizing with a second sterilizing disinfectant, controlling the curing temperature at 30 ℃, and performing light-proof temperature-increasing curing at 90% humidity for 2 days; then transferring into a culture pond added with a first sterilizing disinfectant and a growth promoter, controlling the water level to be 20cm, and culturing for 15 days.
3. Measuring method
The rooting condition is counted regularly, and the following table 2 is obtained through statistical analysis:
TABLE 2 rooting List
2.5 experimental conclusion;
as can be seen from the above Table 2, the light-shielding, temperature-increasing and maintaining can significantly improve the rooting rate, complete rooting in 15 days, and contribute to the large-scale and standardized seedling culture and emergence. Meanwhile, temperature and humidity need to be strictly controlled during light-shielding, temperature-increasing and maintaining, survival rate is reduced due to overhigh temperature, dark culture time is increased due to overlow temperature, and bud whitening can be caused due to long-term lack of illumination, so that seedling quality is influenced.
Other light-shielding and temperature-increasing curing conditions are also explored in the embodiment, for example, the temperature of the light-shielding curing environment is 25 ℃, 28 ℃, 35 ℃, 38 ℃, the relative humidity is 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 95%, 100%, and the rooting rate reaches 100% under various temperature and humidity conditions.
The invention carries out reasonable maintenance on the proliferated plants, the temperature of the dark maintenance environment is 25-38 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 70%; preferably, the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity is more than 70%, the curing time is 24-72 h, and the light-shielding curing is carried out for 48h by controlling the curing temperature to be 30 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 90%.
Example 3
In this embodiment, based on embodiments 2 and 3, the influence of the removal of the trash leaves and the sterilization in step 3) on the survival rate of the bud nodes of the trunk and the survival rate of the seedlings is further explored.
3.1 purpose of the experiment
And (5) inspecting the influence of impurity removal and disinfection on the survival rate of seedling emergence.
3.2 Experimental materials
Giant reed, sterilizing disinfectant, growth promoter, beaker, watering pot, pipette, measuring cylinder, scissors, etc.
3.3 principle of the experiment
After the impurities are removed, the leaves are further disinfected, so that the survival rate of bacteria and viruses can be reduced, the survival rate of bud nodes can be further obviously improved, healthy germination of buds is facilitated, and the seedling quality is improved.
3.4 Experimental methods
1. Grouping
Selecting 40 giant reed plants which grow for more than 60 days and have the growth height of more than 1.7 m, randomly dividing the giant reed plants into 4 groups of a non-leaf-removing and non-disinfecting control group, a leaf-removing control group, a disinfecting control group and a leaf-removing disinfecting group, wherein each group comprises 10 giant reed plants, and each giant reed plant retains 8 bud knots.
2. Processing method
Control group without leaf removal and sterilization: taking main trunk of Arundo donax, transferring into culture pond, adding second sterilizing disinfectant and self-grinding growth promoter, controlling water level at 20cm, and culturing for 20 days;
control group without leaves: taking main trunk of Arundo donax, removing miscellaneous leaves, transferring into a culture pond, adding a second sterilizing disinfectant and a self-grinding growth promoter, controlling water level at 20cm, and culturing for 20 days;
disinfection control group: taking main trunk of Arundo donax, retaining miscellaneous leaves, sterilizing with first sterilizing disinfectant, transferring into culture water tank, adding second sterilizing disinfectant and self-grinding growth promoter, controlling water level at 20cm, and culturing for 20 days.
Leaf-removing and sterilizing group: taking the trunk of the giant reed, removing the mixed leaves, transferring the giant reed into a cultivation water tank after the giant reed is disinfected by a first disinfectant, adding a second disinfectant and a self-grinding growth promoter, controlling the water level to be 20cm, and cultivating for 20 days.
3. Measuring method
Counting the survival number of each trunk bud node and the survival number of emergence, and obtaining the following table 3 through statistical analysis:
TABLE 3 list of nodal and emergence survival (x. + -.s, n = 10)
3.5 conclusion
The experimental result shows that the survival rate of the bud nodes can be obviously improved by removing the impurity leaves and sterilizing, the healthy germination of the buds is facilitated, and the seedling quality is improved. Wherein, compared with the control group without leaves, the survival number of seedlings is improved by 1.5 times, compared with the control group without leaves and disinfection, the survival number of seedlings is improved by 1 time, compared with the control group without leaves and disinfection, the survival number of seedlings is improved by 2 times.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a seedling raising method for arundo donax linn, which comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a primary material: selecting bamboo reeds which grow in soil for more than 60 days and have the growth height of more than 1.7 m as a primary material;
2) Pre-treating the primary material: the top two segments of the parent material stem are excised and the removed portion is directed from the apical bud down to the fourth nodule. Continuing to grow for 30 days until 8 lateral branches grow, wherein the length of each lateral branch is more than 0.6m, and the number of the bud nodes of each lateral branch of the original material is 47.50 +/-11.73;
3) Post-treatment of the virgin material: collecting 8 lateral branches of the primary material treated in the step 2), removing the miscellaneous leaves, diluting the second disinfectant by 300 times, uniformly spraying the diluted disinfectant on the lateral branches and the main material, removing the leaves, smearing and wiping the material with the second disinfectant, staying for 3 minutes, washing the material with clear water, transferring the material to a light-proof maintenance net shown in the figure 1, raising the temperature of the light-proof maintenance environment to 30 ℃, and maintaining the relative humidity at 90%.
4) Seedling culture: directly transferring the plants treated in the step 3) into a cultivation water pool for cultivation for 15 days, placing the cultivation water pool in a light-transmitting greenhouse under the illumination condition, controlling the water temperature to be 30 ℃ and the water depth to be 20cm; the concentration of the first sterilization disinfectant in the cultivation water pool is 0.3g/m 3 The concentration of the growth promoter is 0.5g/m 3 (ii) a Wherein, the mass ratio of chloride ions, sodium ions, copper ions and iron ions in the first sterilization disinfectant is (3-7) to (2-5) to (5-13) to (4-11), and the elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron in the growth promoter are (1-4) to (1-3) to (1-2) to (1-4) to (2-5).
5) Harvesting seedlings: taking out the seedlings from the culture pond, putting the seedlings into a container or a sealed bag, keeping the roots of the seedlings moist and sufficient in water, collecting 246 seedlings in total, wherein the rooting rate of each seedling is 100%, the number of root systems of each seedling is more than 30, the average root system length is more than 11cm, and the seedling height is between 0.2 and 0.6 m. The whole emergence period is 51 days. 246 seedlings are planted and cultured under the same conditions, and the survival rate is more than 98%.
In which, the second sterilizing disinfectant is diluted 400 times, 500 times, 600 times, 700 times, 800 times, 900 times and 1000 times, and tests show that the same technical effects as the present embodiment can be achieved.
At the same time, this example also explored a first sterilant disinfectant concentration of 0.2g/m 3 ，0.4g/m 3 The concentration of the growth promoter is 0.4g/m 3 ，0.6g/m 3 Experiments prove that the same technical effect as the embodiment can be achieved.
In addition, the implementation also researches the seedling raising time in the water culture pond, namely 20 days, 30 days, 40 days and 45 days, and experiments prove that the root system number and the seedling height of the seedlings are effectively increased when the culture time is 15-40 days. Therefore, the invention selectively grows the seedlings in the culture pond for 15 to 40 days, preferably 15 to 20 days.
Example 5
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 4 is that a section of the top of the main trunk of the primary material is cut off, and 8 lateral branches are collected, and the number of the bud nodes of the lateral branches is 45.20 +/-10.30; and culturing in a culture pond for 20 days at the water temperature of 25 ℃, finally collecting 233 seedlings in total, wherein the rooting rate of each seedling is 100%, the number of root systems of each seedling is more than 30, the average root system length is more than 11cm, and the seedling height is between 0.2 and 0.6 m. The whole seedling emergence period is 52 days. 233 seedlings are planted and cultured under the same conditions, and the survival rate is more than 94%.
This example also investigated the seedling growing in the water temperature of the culture pond at 6 deg.C, 10 deg.C, 15 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 35 deg.C, 38 deg.C, which is equivalent to the seedling growing effect of example 5.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 5 is that in the step 3), the temperature of the dark and temperature-increasing curing environment is controlled to be lower than 25 ℃, 10 ℃ is selected, the relative humidity is 100%, and the curing time is over 72 hours. And finally, collecting 214 seedlings together, wherein the rooting rate of the seedlings is 80.3%, the number of root systems of each seedling is about 30, the average root system length is more than 11cm, and the seedling height is between 0.2 and 0.3 m. The whole seedling emergence period is 60 days. The 214 rooted seedlings are planted and cultured under the same conditions, and the survival rate is lower than 85%.
Example 6
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 5 is that in the step 4), the water level is 30cm in the first 7 days and is 15cm after 7 days, 251 seedlings are collected together, the rooting rate of each seedling is 100%, the number of root systems of each seedling is more than 35, the average root system length is more than 13cm, and the seedling height is between 0.2 and 0.6 m. The whole emergence period is 51 days. 251 seedlings are planted and cultured under the same conditions, and the survival rate is more than 99%.
Comparative example 2
The difference between this comparative example 2 and the above example 6 is that in step 4), 239 seedlings were collected with a water level of 10cm for the first 7 days and a water level of 30cm after 7 days, the rooting rate of each seedling was 80%, the number of roots of each seedling was less than 30, the average root length was about 11cm, and the seedling height was about 0.2 m. The whole seedling emergence period is 60 days. 239 seedlings are planted and cultured under the same conditions, and the survival rate is lower than 80%. Compared with example 6, the seedling cultivated by the comparative example has relatively low height and underdeveloped root system. This is probably because the mother material can be sufficiently germinated by controlling a relatively high water level in the first 7 days of cultivation to facilitate emergence of seedlings, and the water level is adjusted to reach a standardized water level after 7 days, which is more advantageous for rooting because the root system is closer to the soil.
Example 7
The present example is different from example 5 in that the seedling-growing plants were replaced with trifoliate acanthopanax, fragrant bamboos, pear bamboos, sugar canes, silvergrass, pennisetum sinese, corn, pseudorice, blighted rice husks, cotton grass, reed and reed-liked reed, and the following experiments were performed.
7.1, purpose of experiment;
various representative varieties of gramineous plants are selected, and the applicability of the method is examined.
7.2, experimental materials;
acanthopanax trifoliatus, pleioblastus amarus, phyllostachys praecox, sugarcane, silvergrass, pennisetum sinese, corn, pseudorice, blighted shell grass, broomcorn grass, arundo donax, reed and reed-liked;
sterilizing disinfectant, growth promoter, alcohol, beaker, watering pot, pipette, measuring cylinder, scissors, etc.
7.3, experimental methods;
1. grouping
Selecting 10 trifoliate acanthopanax bamboo, fragrant bamboo, pear bamboo, sugarcane, silvergrass, giant juncus grass, corn, pseudo rice, blighted rice, broomcorn grass, giant reed, reed and reed-like reed which grow for more than 60 days;
2. processing method
The seedlings were grown as described in example 4;
3. measuring method
Sprouting was recorded weekly.
TABLE 4 variety suitability test
7.4, conclusion
The experimental result shows that the common plants of the bamboo subfamily, the millet subfamily, the rice subfamily, the arundo donax and the like can be used for seedling culture by adopting the seedling culture method disclosed by the invention, and the planting survival rate is more than 90%. Therefore, other common gramineae plants can also adopt the seedling raising method disclosed by the invention.
Example 8
The invention adopts the seedling raising mode disclosed in the embodiment 3, and compared with the traditional tissue culture rapid propagation technology, the following experiments are carried out:
8.1, purpose of experiment;
compared with tissue culture and rapid propagation.
8.2, experimental materials;
gardening scissors, a measuring tape, scissors, tweezers, a 350ml tissue culture bottle, MS culture medium, mercuric chloride, 6-BA, IAA, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and the like.
8.3, experimental principle;
tissue culture of plants, also called in vitro culture, refers to a technique of separating desired tissues, organs or cells, protoplasts, etc. from plant bodies, and inoculating them under aseptic conditions to a culture medium containing various nutrients and plant hormones for culture to obtain regenerated whole plants or to produce other products having economic value by aseptic manipulation.
8.4, an experimental method;
1. grouping
Selecting more than 60 days-old giant reed 30 with the growth height of more than 1.7 m, randomly dividing the giant reed into a tissue culture group 1, a tissue culture group 2 and an invention group, and totally 3 groups, wherein each group comprises 10 giant reed.
2. Processing method
Tissue culture group 1: taking lateral buds of the tissue culture group, disinfecting the lateral buds by mercuric chloride, transferring the lateral buds into a self-made proliferation culture medium, and transferring for a plurality of generations according to growth conditions until a mother bottle is formed; transferring into rooting culture medium, culturing for 50 days, washing, hardening, domesticating to reach seedling emergence standard after 50 days;
tissue culture group 2: taking lateral buds of the tissue culture group, disinfecting with mercuric chloride, transferring into a self-made proliferation culture medium, transferring for a plurality of generations according to growth conditions until a mother bottle is formed, and performing subculture for 1 time; transferring into rooting culture medium, culturing for 50 days, washing, hardening, domesticating to reach seedling emergence standard after 50 days;
the invention group: seedling raising is carried out according to the seedling raising method disclosed in the embodiment 3;
3. measurement method
And (4) counting the number of seedlings, and counting the seedling emergence period and the survival rate after 20 days of transplanting.
TABLE 5 emergence cycle and survival List
8.5, a conclusion;
as can be seen from the above Table 4, in the case of giant reed cultivation, compared with the tissue culture method, the seedling emergence period of the seedling cultivation method disclosed by the invention is shortened to less than 1/3 of the original period, the seedling emergence number of each raw material is increased by 28% -219%, the survival rate of seedlings is increased to more than 90%, and the cost of each seedling is reduced by about 10 times.
Other gramineous plants such as trifoliate acanthopanax, sugarcane, reed, fragrant bamboo and giant juncus adopt the seedling raising modes of the tissue culture group 1 and the tissue culture group 2, and the statistical emergence period and the survival rate are listed in the following table 6;
TABLE 6 emergence period and survival List (II)
Similarly, the conventional culture mode is adopted for other varieties, the seedling culture period is also far longer than that of the invention, and the survival rate of the seedlings is lower than that of the invention.
As can be seen from the above tables 4 and 6, compared with the conventional tissue culture method, the seedling culture method of the present invention has the beneficial effects of shortening the seedling culture period, increasing the number of seedlings, increasing the survival rate of the seedlings, and reducing the seedling culture cost.
Compared with the traditional tissue culture mode, the seedling culture method has the advantages that the utilization rate of the raw materials is high, the seedlings are stronger, the root hairs are more developed and plump, and the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings is improved to over 90 percent, meanwhile, the lateral buds can quickly germinate in a short time and the seedling quality is ensured by adopting a topping-off proliferation and light-proof temperature-increasing culture environment dark culture mode, the seedling culture period is greatly shortened to less than 1/3 of the original period, the cost of a single seedling is reduced by about 10 times on the premise of increasing the seedling number, and the large-scale, mechanization, non-humanization, intellectualization and standardization of the seedling culture are favorably realized.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a," "8230," "8230," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is merely illustrative of particular embodiments of the invention that enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A seedling raising method for gramineous plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Selecting a primary material;
2) Pre-treating the primary material: removing the tops of the primary materials, and continuing to grow for a period of time until each primary material grows into a plurality of lateral branches, wherein each lateral branch comprises a plurality of bud knots;
3) Post-treatment of the virgin material: collecting the main trunk and the lateral branches of the primary material treated in the step 2), removing the miscellaneous leaves, sterilizing, cleaning, and maintaining for 12-72 h in a dark temperature-increasing maintenance environment, wherein the temperature of the dark temperature-increasing maintenance environment is 25-38 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 70%;
4) Seedling culture: adding water, a first sterilizing disinfectant and a growth promoter into a culture pond, and controlling the water depth to be 8-40 cm;
directly transferring the plants treated in the step 3) into a cultivation water pool for cultivation for more than 15 days, wherein the cultivation water pool is placed under the condition of illumination, the water temperature is 6-38 ℃, the water depth is controlled to be more than 20cm during the first 7 days of cultivation, and the water depth after 7 days is controlled to be 8-40 cm;
5) And (6) harvesting the seedlings.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2), the topping is physically cutting off one or two or more segments of the top of the stem of the primary material, and the removed part is the top bud down to the fourth node.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step 2), the growth is continued for more than 30 days until more than 6 lateral branches are grown, the length of each lateral branch is more than 0.6m, and each lateral branch comprises more than 6 buds.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step 3), the dark cultivation is performed in a dark environment with the temperature rise and maintenance being performed in a dark environment of 100%, the temperature rise and maintenance time is 24 to 72 hours, and the temperature rise and maintenance temperature is 30 to 38 ℃.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step 3), the light-shielding, temperature-increasing and maintaining environment comprises a cover for increasing temperature in a light-shielding manner, a heating and humidifying device is arranged below the cover, and the heating and humidifying device is connected with a temperature control device and a humidity control device.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step 3), the disinfection comprises taking a second disinfectant to dilute 300-1000 times, then uniformly spraying the second disinfectant on the lateral branches and the main stem material, staying for 3 minutes, then washing the lateral branches and the main stem material with clear water, and further comprises a step of directly applying the second disinfectant, wherein the second disinfectant comprises permanganate ions.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step 4), the incubation time is 15 to 40 days.
8. The method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 6 wherein the first germicidal sterilant comprises chloride ions, sodium ions, copper ions and iron ions in a mass ratio of (3-7) to (2-5) to (5-13) to (4-11);
the growth promoter comprises elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron, and the mass ratio of the elements is (1-4) to (1-3) to (1-2) to (1-4) to (2-5);
and the concentration of the first sterilization disinfectant in the culture pond is 0.2-0.4 g/m 3 The concentration of the growth promoter is 0.4 to 0.6g/m 3 。
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 6, characterized in that in step 5), the seedlings are taken out from the cultivation pool, the number of roots of each seedling is more than 30, the average root length is more than or equal to 11cm, and the height of each seedling is between 0.2 and 0.6 m.
10. The method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 6, wherein the gramineae comprises the subfamily Bambusoideae, panicoideae, oryza sub-family or Arundo donax, wherein the subfamily Bambusoideae comprises any one of Phyllostachys trifoliata, dianthus caryophyllus and Phyllostachys nigra, wherein the subfamily Panicoideae comprises any one of sugarcane, silvergrass, juglans and corn, wherein the subfamily Oryza sub-family comprises any one of pseudorice, shrapnel and Roughia stolonifera, and wherein the Arundo donax sub-family comprises any one of Arundo donax, phragmites communis and Rhamnoides.
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