CN1050302A

CN1050302A - The height of apple tree connects new varieties and young tree is worked as the annual bearing method

Info

Publication number: CN1050302A
Application number: CN 90100215
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙芳正
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1990-01-09
Filing date: 1990-01-09
Publication date: 1991-04-03

Abstract

The present invention is a kind of high the connecing when the annual bearing method in apple culture technique aspect.

The present invention makes stock with young-abounding tree, the young tree of common kind state light, do scion with the get off fruit bearing shoot of full bud of winter prunings such as new varieties Fuji apple, Wang Lin, Qiaonajin, red month, the blue or green apple in Australia, best height connects whip graft method survival rate a hundred per cent of period and scion grafting during selection rudiment in spring, the back artificial pollination orientation of blooming is stayed fruit, bud into standard high quality fruit then, wherein the maximum single fruit of Qiaonajin can reach 510 grams.

Description

The height of apple tree connects new varieties and young tree is worked as the annual bearing method

The present invention relates to a kind of apple culture technique aspect height connects when the annual bearing method.The fruit bearing shoot height that new varieties are had a bud is received on common variety state light young-abounding tree, the young tree exactly, not only realized height connect when annual bearing simultaneously but also solved young tree and work as annual bearing.

The understanding of the present invention, retrieval, examination have the aspect research of alternating bear of prior art, apple high jointing head converting technology and the apple of reference role.

In recent years, promote height and connect the replacing kind, connecing back second annual bearing generally the soonest for quicken improving the fruit quality various places; The phenomenon of alternating bear in the apple cultivation at home and abroad is again an old problem, though the grower does not wish to occur biennial bearing, knows by pruning, rare fruit and can adjust have every year different cultivars, various orchards to occur large and small year.For addressing this problem, to achieve success and crops are looked into the inspiration of filling the gaps with seedlings in the field according to animal, human organ transplant, comprehensive apple tree bridge joint, cut-grafting are found out a kind of high connecing when the annual bearing method with reference to the method for grape hard scion grafting in spring.

Purpose of the present invention will make the young-abounding tree, the young tree that do not have the common variety of bud state light bear big fruits of standard high quality such as new varieties Fuji apple, Wang Lin, Qiaonajin, the red moon, the blue or green apple in Australia then.Thereby provide height to connect new varieties, the new way that has found control to alternate bear simultaneously when the annual bearing method.

Invention specifically is to realize like this.

The grow elite stand of stalwartness, anosis worm, virus-free, no freeze injury, no stripping of selection.From bud form full, fertilizer and water condition better, survive the winter and stock nutritional sufficiency, no wintering pest and do harm to (two spotted spider mite winter egg, green leafhopper, powdery mildew, woolly aphid etc.), virus-free scion.Do not have according to present China and must note not having frust rust, mosaic disease phenotype virus from the orchard when progress of poisoning height connects.Select good, the no rust staining of fruit properties, no fruitlet, no deformity, cause that with the venereal disease poison that prevents to hide height connects decline disease, select nutritional sufficiency, the position that vitality is vigorous, physiological activity is active during the clip of scion.According to leading the more position of organic nitrogen compound storage is that 1-2 gives birth to fruit spur, axillary bud, and branch is cut into the 8-10 centimeter length slightly at 0.6-1.0 centimetre, per 3 buds are cut into one section, per 20 a bundles perform the kind mark, and the clip time cuts at the beginning of the 2-3 month resin in conjunction with the winter and and do not carry out before movable.The scion that shears is done be degree with clean river sand, humidity to lose, and is embedded in to keep 0 ℃ in the soil about one meter and do not freeze, and it cyclostrophic is warm, moves to continue husky Tibetan to shady spot and control 5 ℃ and do not sprout with internal bud.

Stock selected: from the young-abounding tree of state's light, young tree skeleton branch, toe lateral is to, vertical branch group, the optional 30-50 of every strain, utilizes the local apical dominances in these ends of the branch to promote to survive.Make to carry out spring irrigation according to soil moisture content before the stock fruit tree sprouts the good wintering pest evil of attention control two spotted spider mite, knurl aphid, caterpillar, powdery mildew, rot etc.

The period that height connects: according to each orchard microclimate difference, with state's light phenophase bud just sprout, April last ten-days period-carry out the first tenday period of a month in May.Temperature is low too early, is unfavorable for interface healing (minimum air temperature is higher than 5 ℃).With daily maximum temperature near 20 ℃ for the most suitable.

The method that height connects: adopt tongue grafting (seeing accompanying drawing), surviving fast after connecing is the key of setting of blooming.This method anvil fringe cambium contact-making surface is big, and wound is little, and callus forms soon.The concrete practice: earlier the identical rugosity of stock contrast scion is cut off from staying 3 centimetres position (2-3 gives birth to) more than the base portion, with common budding knife the anvil fringe respectively is whittled into mutually isometric about 2.5 centimetres smooth bevel, respectively splitting a cutter downwards by 1/3 place of anvil fringe then prizes, after make two to cut interleave by tight, twine tighten with the new one centimetre wide plastic strip that is rich in elastic force, scion is suitable for reading seals with plastic strip.

Connect the back management: because stock is in active state early than scion tree body juice, the very fast generation callus of cambium, the xylem of fibrovascular system and phloem be Quick connecting pipe fitting very, and nutrient and moisture obtain transportation.Scion is bloomed than normal postponement 7-10 days, and there have sufficient pollen source to gather pollen in advance to be standby, and it is main (being that orientation is stayed fruit) that each inflorescence dot center spends.Interface rear portion resting bud is sprouted easily, not bud picking of wound occurs for reducing on the branch group, connects the position near 1-2 anterior height of short its nutrition supply of base portion pinching early.Loosening in the month, the dismounting of overstriking gradually after the interface healing, plastic strip 1-2 after connecing.Damage by disease and insect such as the two spotted spider mite of taking place behind the tip, apple aphid, powdery mildew are taken out in control in time.Scion bloom late needn't rare flower (being beneficial to pollination), the indivedual adjustment stays fruit to measure after treating artificial pollination, stay single fruit, also can stay two fruits, only remove fruitlet, fruit growth stature in early stage is variant slightly, later stage is little by stock tree body load capacity, the approximate again girdling effect in graft union in addition, entering fruit expanding period does not have significant difference, and picking time, accurate fruit all up to standard was individual.

Use sharp budding knife when height connects, take care.Next year does not generally possess continuous bearing capacity behind the high grafting result, and stock itself changes good year (or non-leap year) again over to.High grafting for many years behind the result since the effect of the damming growth potential of interface weaken, except that be used for that new varieties are upgraded and filling space all the other are cut without exception.

The present invention has advantage compared with prior art: the fastest second annual bearing of existing high connecting method, and the present invention both can bear standard, the various new varieties fruits of high-quality then, realized that simultaneously young tree works as annual bearing, and control is alternated bear; Because height connects relative raising apple cold hardiness, can enlarge new varieties cultivation north limit; The adjustable tree gesture makes strong prosperous branch, innovation shoot precocity fruiting.The present invention does not spend substantially, and the scion source is twice laid, need not increase input, and makes full use of solar energy and is converted into economic flow rate; Easy and simple to handle, per hour can connect 30 branches, the common state of every strain light can be born tens jin of new varieties high quality fruits as required, is suitable for huge numbers of families and uses.The present invention is suitable for the height that China promotes at present and connects new varieties, along with China's apple cultivation is gone up and do not had the progress that poisons and will be widely used in control and alternate bear.

Claims

1, a kind of apple culture technique aspect height connects when the annual bearing method, its feature: do scion, make stock with young-abounding tree, the young tree of common state light kind with the husky Tibetan of fruit bearing shoot that new varieties (Fuji apple etc.) winter shears off, best period and whip graft method during selection rudiment in spring, surviving the setting of blooming, fruit development after connecing becomes the gold standard fruit then.

2, according to claim 1 when the annual bearing method, its feature: scion be select anosis worm, virus-free life in 1～2 year, thick 0.6～1.0 centimetre axillary bud, a fruit spur winter of branch shear off husky hide 1 meter dark underground, temperature is at 0 ℃, humidity is done degree of being to lose.It cyclostrophic is warm, moves to remain on bud below 5 ℃ to shady spot and do not sprout.

3, according to claim 1 when the annual bearing method, its feature: select virus-free round light (basic anvil Malus baccata) young-abounding tree, young tree to give birth to branch in 1～3 year and make stock.

4, according to claim 1 when the annual bearing method, its feature: height connects sprouts with state's light bud period, day maximum temperature is advisable during near 20 ℃.

5, the height according to claim 1 connects when the annual bearing method its feature: the method that height connects is selected 2,5～3 centimetres of whip graft method, the bevels that anvil fringe wound is little, the cambium contact-making surface is big for use, is seated by tight.

6, according to claim 1 when the annual bearing method, its feature: bloom after scion survives than normal postponement 7～10 days, get ready in advance and gather the artificial point of pollen and award (being that orientation is stayed fruit).

7, according to claim 1 when the annual bearing method, its feature: the rudiment of interface rear portion early pinching, rare fruit, prevent damage by disease and insect such as florescence chafer, two spotted spider mite, aphid, powdery mildew.Remove series managements such as bondage, make fruit development standard fruit.