CN106319177B - A method of it forming gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and controls wherein martensite content - Google Patents
A method of it forming gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and controls wherein martensite content Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method that the invention discloses a kind of to form gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and control wherein martensite content, belongs to making Nano surface of metal material technical field.This method is handled austenitic stainless steel using temperature controlled surface mechanical stitch processing (SMRT) technology, since SMRT process tool is in austenitic steel surface to be processed high speed rolling, severe plastic deformation occurs for steel part textura epidermoidea, original open grain structure is changed into from outward appearance to inner essence as nanocrystalline, sub-micron crystal, the gradient-structure of micron crystalline substance, again due to combining SMRT process control environment temperature, transformation of the austenite to deformation induced martensite phase is affected, so as to control the martensite content in gradient-structure surface layer.After temperature control SMRT processing, the gradient hardened layer that thickness reaches 1mm can be formed on austenitic stainless steel, for nanometer layer thickness up to 50 μm, martensite content therein is controllable in 0~90% range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the surface reinforcing methods of austenitic stainless steel and temperature controlled surface to be plastically deformed technical field, specifically relates to
And a kind of method for forming gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and controlling wherein martensite content, this method can
To prepare the gradient nano structure with different martensite contents on austenitic stainless steel surface layer, microstructure sizes are by table
It is gradually increased in and, is followed successively by nano-scale, submicron-scale and micron-scale.
Background technique
For nano structural material since its excellent performance causes extensive research, plastic deformation method is to prepare this kind of material
Expect maximally efficient one of method.It is well known that the unstability of most of materials starts from its surface, as long as therefore on the surface of material
Certain thickness nanostructured layers are prepared, i.e. realization making Nano surface, can be mentioned with this by the optimization of surface texture and performance
The overall mechanical properties and military service behavior of high material.
Austenitic stainless steel material is with excellent corrosion resistance, good welding performance and machinability and preferably
Heat resistance, be widely used in the fields such as petroleum, chemical industry.But the lower yield strength of austenitic stainless steel and poor wear-resisting
Performance makes it be difficult to meet the needs of more stringent Service Environment.By being carried out at making Nano surface to austenitic stainless steel
The gradient nano structure sheaf of certain thickness excellent properties is prepared on its surface out in reason, i.e. most surface is nanometer crystal microstructure, secondary surface layer
It is the surface layer of original open grain structure for sub-micron crystal tissue and Deformation structure, core, it can be efficiently against these deficiencies.It is existing
Work show the more common austenitic stainless steel of austenitic stainless steel with gradient nano structure surface layer have higher intensity and
Hardness, wearability and fatigue behaviour are also significantly enhanced.These surfaces significantly improved and overall performance be austenite not
Extensive use of the steel in engineering field of becoming rusty provides possibility.
Currently, can mainly be divided to two by the method that mechanical induction intense plastic strain mode obtains surface graded nanostructure
Class, first is that " projectile impact method ", second is that " rotational pressure deformation method ".
" projectile impact method " specifically includes that ultrasonic shot peening technology, surface mechanical attrition technology, supersonic fine particles bombarding
Deng.Its common ground is the bullet constant bombardment material surface using high-frequency high-speed, and the shock each time of bullet all can be in sample table
Face generates plastic deformation with high strain rate, to achieve the effect that crystal grain refinement.According to the diameter of driving bullet, collision frequency
The difference of rate and bombardment speed etc., thinning effect obtained and thin hardened layer are also different.It is prepared using such methods
Gradient nano structure stainless steel, can be close to the region of material surface, there are a large amount of defects, such as planar slip band and twin
It completes a business transaction, and introduces the ess-strain layer of distribution gradient on surface layer, in certain austenitic stainless steels (such as 304 stainless steels),
Since plastic deformation causes surface layer that a large amount of martensitic traoformation occurs, so that textura epidermoidea's almost all is changed into martensitic phase.
And stainless steel (such as 316L stainless steel) higher for stabilization of austenite, bullet impact energy are insufficient, generated stress is answered
Become the generation for being difficult to drive martensitic traoformation, the gradient nano structure surface layer with martensitic phase cannot be obtained.This kind of processing side
Method is limited by bullet diameter, the bombardment reasons such as frequency and speed, and deformation layer is often relatively thin, and is difficult to control material surface in height
Deformation induced martensite transfor mation amount under speed deformation.In addition, processing rear surface roughness is higher, also affect to a certain extent
Its surface property.
" rotational pressure deformation method " is that the way of contact by rolling or rolling applies one on high-speed rotating workpiece
The intrusion of depthkeeping degree, so that generating plastic deformation realizes making Nano surface.Rolling surface reinforcement technique is a kind of no cutting
Processing method, by driving special rolling tools in workpiece surface, back and forth rolling is handled, and material surface is made to generate Plastic Flow,
To make surface texture be refined to nano-scale.This method mainly by introducing residual compressive stress on surface, reduces rough surface
Degree, improves the performance of material to a certain extent.Although treated that austenitic stainless steel can obtain on sample surface layer for this method
Must be nanocrystalline, but nano-crystalline layers thickness of the size less than 100nm is only several microns, and deformation behaviour is unable to give full play austenite
The advantage that stainless steel plasticity is higher, machinability is good, it is difficult to further prepare the bigger deformation layer of thickness and gradient nano knot
Structure layer.Cal rolling processing in surface makes austenitic stainless steel using the method for dependent variable (drafts) control to a certain extent
Surface obtains thicker gradient nano structure sheaf, however is still difficult to control the deformation induced horse occurred while crystal grain refinement
Family name's body phase transformation.
As can be seen that the making Nano surface to austenitic stainless steel although may be implemented by these above-mentioned methods, but
It is difficult to control the generation and content of deformation induced martensitic phase in formed gradient nano structure surface layer, this is mainly due to Ovshinskies
Body stainless steel generally has lower stacking fault energy, and highdensity deformation twins and shearing are also easy to produce in severe plastic deformation
Band, in addition there are stress concentration phenomenon, so that deformation induced martensite easily generated in gradient nano structure.The generation of martensitic phase
On the one hand it can be further improved the strong hardness of nanostructured surface laye, on the other hand exist to the partial properties of austenitic stainless steel
Detrimental effect: austenitic stainless steel is for example made to produce ferromagnetism, increase the number of passivating film anode point defect to which have can
Its corrosion resistance can be reduced.In addition, due to martensite transfor mation be accompanied by stereomutation (~4%), martensite content it is too early
Saturation is also possible to promote crack nucleation and extension, reduces the elongation percentage of material.There is also prepared for these methods that in addition, there will be
Gradient nano structure surface layer and hardened layer be relatively thin, the deficiencies of surface roughness is larger and technique is more complex.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind to form gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and control it
The method of middle martensitic phase content, this method not only overcome and are difficult to control the shortcomings that martensitic phase generates in conventional method, and
And it can also solve larger surface roughness, gradient nano layer and the relatively thin deficiency of hardened layer.This method can be on center lathe
Implement, it is easy to operate, work efficiency is high.
The technical scheme is that
A method of it forming gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and controls wherein martensite content, it should
Method is using surface mechanical stitch processing (SMRT) technology and temperature control technique simultaneously to austenitic stainless steel swivel component surface
It is handled, the open grain structure of material surface is made to be changed into gradient nano structure organization under plastic deformation effect；Simultaneously in ladder
The martensitic phase of content needed for obtaining is spent in nanostructured surface laye；The temperature control technique refers to passes through control during SMRT
Swivel component surface temperature, so that the transformation amount of original austenite martensitic phase deformation induced in opposite directions is controlled, finally in gradient
The martensitic phase of content needed for being obtained in nanostructured surface laye.
The surface mechanical stitch processing technique (SMRT) and temperature control technique are added in the SMRT making Nano surface of controllable temperature
It is realized in work system, which includes rotation system, auto feed system, rolls spherical tool, lubricating system and control
Warm system, in which: the rotation system and auto feed system are realized using lathe, are respectively used to control swivel component along axis
To rotating and feed motion；The rolling spherical tool and lubricating system are mounted on auto feed system, roller ball
Shape cutter is equipped with can be in the knife head ball that swivel component surface is rolled；The lubricating system is able to use oiliness profit
Lubrication prescription is lubricated swivel component finished surface, guarantees that the spherical tool can be held on swivel component finished surface
It is continuous to be in rolling contact；The temperature-controlling system is for guaranteeing that swivel component surface temperature maintains required constant model in process
In enclosing.
The temperature-controlling system includes heating device, temperature measuring equipment and temperature control equipment；The heating device is air-heater
Or air pressure gun, it is mounted on lathe and by its movement of Machine-Tool Control, heating device connection temperature control equipment；The temperature measuring equipment is
The other end of thermocouple, the thermometric end contact Rotating base part finished surface of thermocouple, thermocouple connects temperature control equipment；Institute
It states heating device to heat swivel component finished surface, swivel component surface temperature signal is fed back by thermocouple to temperature
Control device is spent, temperature control equipment regulates and controls swivel component surface temperature according to the temperature information received.
The method that the present invention forms gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and controls wherein martensite content
Detailed process are as follows: starting temperature-controlling system first makes workpiece surface temperature reach setting value, at the set temperature to work after preheating
Part surface carries out nanosizing processing；Make swivel component under rotation system driving with speed V1Rotation, roll spherical tool with
Swivel component surface contacts and is pressed into certain depth ap, then axial (or along revolving meber outer surface profile along swivel component
Line parallel direction) with feed speed V2The other end is moved to from one end of workpiece, completes a passage processing；It repeats the above process
After several passages, gradient nano structure surface layer is formed on swivel component surface, while obtaining in gradient nano structure surface layer
The martensitic phase of required content.
In the method for the present invention, the knife head ball for rolling spherical tool uses WC-Co hard alloy ball or GCr15 steel
Ball, knife head ball diameter are 4~10mm；Swivel component revolving speed V1It is 5 × 103~4 × 104mm/min；Roll spherical tool into
Give speed V2For 6~50mm/min；Knife head ball is in swivel component surface volume under pressure a per passpIt is 10~40 μm；Total processing
Passage is 1~10 time；Controlling workpiece surface temperature is 20~400 DEG C, preheating time 5min.
The austenitic stainless steel swivel component handles (SMRT) technology and temperature control technique simultaneously through surface mechanical stitch
After processing, the original austenite coarse-grain of swivel component is from outward appearance to inner essence changed into nanocrystalline, sub-micron crystal and coarse-grain；Turn round class portion
The gradient-structure skin depth that part surface is formed is up to 300~800 μm；Crystallite dimension is less than the table of 100nm in gradient-structure surface layer
Layer is with a thickness of 10~90 μm, and most surface layer grain is having a size of 10~60nm；Entire hardness improves (hardening) layer with a thickness of 400~1300
μm。
Martensitic phase content volume Fractional domination is formed by gradient nano structure surface layer in 0~90% range, and
Martensitic phase content is reduced with the raising of temperature.
The austenitic stainless steel swivel component handles (SMRT) technology and temperature control technique simultaneously through surface mechanical stitch
After processing, swivel component axial dimension (diameter) does not change, and surface smoothness is good, surface roughness RaLess than 0.2 μm.
The present invention has the advantage that compared with the existing method for improving austenitic stainless steel surface property
1. the martensitic phase content in the controllable austenitic stainless steel swivel component textura epidermoidea of the present invention, by using
Surface mechanical stitch processing (SMRT) technology and temperature control technique simultaneously process swivel component surface, by controlling workpiece
Temperature realizes the generation to martensitic phase during SMRT, to control the martensitic phase content in gained reinforcing surface layer, this is
What other surface intensified techniques did not had.Compared with other making Nano surface techniques, the present invention is in austenite stainless steel workpiece table
The plastic deformation that face generates is big, obtained gradient nano structure thickness, the deformation induced martensite content that low temperature when generates
SMRT technology is combined with control environment temperature, can control the thickness on gradient nano structure surface layer in a wider context by height
With martensite content therein.
2. the grain size distribution and thickness on swivel component gradient nano structure surface layer of the present invention are controllable.Due to SMRT mistake
Material surface is acted on by the ess-strain of change of gradient in journey, to be rendered as grain size gradient variation with the increase of layer depth
Nanocrystalline (or nano twin crystal), sub-micron crystal, micron grain, deformation coarse-grain and original open grain structure.This method is in addition to can be with
The martensitic phase content in gradient nano structure surface layer is controlled, it can also be by controlling the drafts of SMRT and processing road secondary control
The thickness of gradient nano structure sheaf and grain size distribution etc..
3. the swivel component surface quality after the method for the present invention processing is high, strengthen thickness.SMRT technology is using spherical knife
Have the mode of texturing to workpiece rolling compaction, reduces the coefficient of friction that process tool is contacted with workpiece surface, significantly improve
The surface smoothness of material, surface quality are apparently higher than the surface quality of the technical treatments such as shot-peening, surface mechanical attrition.SMRT
The characteristics of technology is by rolled material surface repeatedly and multi-pass drafts accumulated deformation, takes full advantage of austenitic stainless steel
Plasticity preferably, the advantage of easy processing, be able to process nanometer gradient structure thickness, hardened-depth, excellent combination property it is stainless
Steel workpiece.
4. processing method of the present invention is adaptable, easy to operate, cost is relatively low.Spherical rolling cutter used, lubricating system
It can be directly embedded on center lathe with temperature-controlling system, it is easy to operate efficient, it can be carried out on various sizes of machined material
SMRT, to controllably preparing gradient nano structure surface layer.The loss of spherical rolling cutter is small, lubricating system uses circulating oil path,
Temperature-controlling system uses air-heater or air pressure gun, and cost is lower, large-scale production processing easy to accomplish.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for the system of processing that the present invention is surface-treated austenitic stainless steel revolving meber.
Fig. 2 is exterior appearance of the 316L austenitic stainless steel at room temperature (22 DEG C) using this method before and after the processing.
Fig. 3 is that 316L austenitic stainless steel is scanned at room temperature (22 DEG C) using cross section microstructure after this method processing
Electromicroscopic photograph.
Fig. 4 is surface layer transmission electron microscope analysis knot after 316L austenitic stainless steel is handled at room temperature (22 DEG C) using this method
Fruit: (a) being bright field image photo；(b) selective electron diffraction figure, (c) grain size distribution counts.
Fig. 5 is surface layer X ray diffracting spectrum after 316L austenitic stainless steel is handled at room temperature (22 DEG C) using this method.
Fig. 6 is that 316L austenitic stainless steel is divided at room temperature (22 DEG C) using cross section microhardness after this method processing
Cloth.
Fig. 7 is exterior appearance of the 316L austenitic stainless steel when temperature is 85 DEG C using this method before and after the processing.
Fig. 8 is that using this method, treated that cross section microstructure is swept when temperature is 85 DEG C for 316L austenitic stainless steel
Retouch electromicroscopic photograph.
Fig. 9 is surface layer X ray diffracting spectrum after 316L austenitic stainless steel is handled when temperature is 85 DEG C using this method.
Figure 10 be 316L austenitic stainless steel when temperature is 175 DEG C using this method treated cross section microstructure
Stereoscan photograph.
Figure 11 is surface layer transmission electron microscope analysis after 316L austenitic stainless steel is handled when temperature is 175 DEG C using this method
As a result: (a) bright field image photo；(b) dark field image photo；(c) selective electron diffraction figure；(d) grain size distribution counts.
Figure 12 is surface layer X-ray diffractogram after 316L austenitic stainless steel is handled when temperature is 175 DEG C using this method
Spectrum.
Figure 13 is that 316L austenitic stainless steel is divided when temperature is 175 DEG C using cross section microhardness after this method processing
Cloth.
Figure 14 is that 316L austenitic stainless steel surface layer martensite content during temperature control SMRT varies with temperature situation.
Figure 15 is surface layer X ray diffracting spectrum after 304 austenitic stainless steels are handled at room temperature (22 DEG C) using this method.
Figure 16 is surface layer X-ray diffractogram after 304 austenitic stainless steels are handled when temperature is 250 DEG C using this method
Spectrum.
Figure 17 be 304 austenitic stainless steels when temperature is 250 DEG C using this method treated cross section microstructure
Stereoscan photograph.
Figure 18 be 304 austenitic stainless steels when temperature is 250 DEG C using this method treated cross section microhardness
Distribution.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The method of the present invention is to utilize austenitic stainless steel in the plastic history of surface mechanical stitch processing (SMRT)
Gradient nano structure surface layer is produced, temperature is raised simultaneously and inhibits martensitic traoformation, reduces the machine that temperature promotes martensitic traoformation
Reason carries out real-time monitoring and control to the temperature of austenite stainless steel workpiece processed, realizes the purpose of control martensite transfor mation,
To obtain, martensite is leading, martensitic-austenitic coexists and the gradient nano structure surface layer of the different tissues such as full austenite.
The method realizes that equipment is surface mechanical stitch processing (SMRT) making Nano surface system of processing in controllable temperature
The purpose of upper realization automatic heating and real time temperature measurement, the system of processing include rotation system, auto feed system, roll spherical knife
Tool, lubricating system and temperature-controlling system, structural schematic diagram such as Fig. 1.Wherein: the rotation system and auto feed system utilize vehicle
Bed is realized, is respectively used to control swivel component and is rotated along axial direction and feed motion, austenitic stainless steel work to be processed
Part is placed in rotation system output end, in setting speed V1Lower rotation；Spherical Cutting tool installation manner is rolled on auto feed system, thereon
Equipped with can be in the knife head ball that swivel component surface is rolled；The knife head ball of spherical tool is rolled in auto-feed system
It is circumferential with certain volume under pressure a along workpiece under system controlpVertical indentation austenite stainless steel surface, and it is axial with speed V along workpiece2
It is mobile；The lubricating system is mounted on auto feed system, and lubricating system is able to use oily lubricant to austenite stainless
Steel finished surface is lubricated, guarantee the spherical tool on processed workpiece finished surface can progressive rolling movement contact, lead to
It crosses the spherical tool to roll and roll repeatedly in workpiece surface, obtains austenitic stainless steel surface layer because of high speed plastic deformation
Gradient nano structure.
The temperature-controlling system is for guaranteeing that surface temperature maintains required perseverance to austenite stainless steel workpiece in process
Determine in range, by controlling surface temperature, to realize the mesh of martensite content in control formed gradient nano structure surface layer
's.
The temperature-controlling system includes heating device, temperature measuring equipment and temperature control equipment；The heating device is air-heater
Or air pressure gun, it is mounted on lathe and it is moved by Machine-Tool Control, it detachably, 25~600 DEG C of heating temperature range, can be according to processing
It needs to adjust heated perimeter to the workpiece of different sizes and shapes；Heating device connects temperature control equipment；The temperature measuring equipment
For thermocouple, the thermometric end of thermocouple is placed in Working position and contacts with workpiece machining surface, to obtain the real-time of finished surface
The other end of temperature, thermocouple connects temperature control equipment；The heating device heats swivel component finished surface,
Swivel component surface temperature signal is fed back by thermocouple to temperature control equipment, and temperature control equipment is according to the temperature received
Information Regulating swivel component surface temperature.The heating device of the temperature-controlling system is installed on temperature sensor (thermocouple) to be located
The science and engineering part circumferential direction other side (spherical tool direction of feed circumferentially rotates 90 degree), and along machine direction shifting synchronous with processing cutter
It is dynamic.
The lubricating system includes output channel and oiliness lubricating fluid, and output channel is opened in the process tool inner shaft side
To oiliness lubricating fluid forms one layer in processing spherical tool surface, and in cutter and workpiece contact surface by the channeling
Oil film reduces coefficient of friction, to guarantee cutter front end hard ball high-speed rotation in processing.
After austenitic stainless steel is using the SMRT processing of different temperatures, the Coarse Austenite structure on surface layer, which is changed into, to be had not
With the gradient nano structure of martensite content, crystallite dimension is nano-scale, submicron-scale, micron respectively by surface layer to core
Size.Most surface layer grain is having a size of 10~60nm, and nanocrystalline (crystallite dimension < 100nm) layer is with a thickness of 40~90 μm, entire ladder
Metaplasia layer is spent with a thickness of 250~800 μm.Processing front and back workpiece axial dimension is without significant change, and surface smoothness is compared with turning
State greatly improves, surface roughness Ra0.2 μm of <.
It is as follows using process of the method for the present invention to austenitic stainless steel revolution class workpiece:
The rotation system and tool feeding system realized by commercial lathe, can be first to the to be processed stainless of loading before processing
Steel part carries out the processing of rough turn and smart car, to obtain set diameter of work size and guarantee its outer circles, then switches
Knife rest to spherical shape processing cutter carries out Surface Nanocrystalline to workpiece.
Before processing, workpiece is kept to slowly run, open heating device and be adjusted to set temperature preheating about 5 minutes, makes work
Part surface is heated uniformly to required temperature.Lubricating system is opened, processing program is started, is started to austenite not by set instruction
The steel workpiece that becomes rusty carries out Surface Nanocrystalline.Drive processed workpiece with linear velocity V using rotation system1Oil liquid is opened in rotation
For rolling spherical shape Cutting tool installation manner after lubrication on auto feed system, spherical tool is pressed into workpiece surface certain depth apAnd along work
Part is axial with speed V2It is mobile, it is plastically deformed in the non-cutting rolling that workpiece surface does multi-pass to realize making Nano surface, phase
Between heating device can be finely adjusted, nearby fluctuated with guaranteeing that workpiece surface temperature maintains set definite value, general fluctuation range
No more than ± 10 DEG C.
Processed workpiece is according to its diameter (3~12 millimeters), selected rotation speed V15 × 103~4 × 104In the least
M/min, the knife head ball for rolling spherical tool is WC-Co hard alloy or GCr15 steel ball, and diameter is 4~10 millimeters, per pass
Secondary processing volume under pressure is at 10~40 microns, movement speed V of the feed system along tool axial direction2In 6~50 mm/mins, processing
Road secondary amounts is 1~10 time, and workpiece surface temperature range is 22 DEG C~400 DEG C.Whole process realizes lubrication using oil circulation system
Effect.
This hair is illustrated by embodiment below with reference in two kinds of typical austenitic stainless steel materials (316L and 304 stainless steels)
It is bright.
Embodiment 1:
The 316L austenitic stainless steel cylindrical work that diameter is 10mm is handled, chemical component is (mass percent): C
0.03%, Si 0.03%, Cr 16.72%, Ni 10.7%, Mn 1.01%, Mo 2.12%, S 0.016%, P
0.042%, Fe are surplus；
316L stainless steel stacking fault energy: about 40mJ/m2；
Initial grain size before processing: about 100 μm；
Institutional framework before processing: pure austenite structure；
Equipment: numerically controlled lathe；
Main shaft (processed workpiece) revolving speed V1: 360r/min；
Spherical rolling cutter diameter: 8mm；
Processing passage: 6 times；
Each volume under pressure ap: 40 μm；
Axial feed velocity V2: 9mm/min；
Treatment temperature: 22 DEG C.
The present embodiment after processing sample surface smoothness be better than finish turning state (such as Fig. 2).Through 6 passages, treated
316L austenitic stainless steel Cross Section Morphology group is woven under scanning electron microscope as shown in figure 3, entire gradient refinement layer thickness is about 700 μ
m.Gradient refinement layer structure includes: that deformation coarse structure (700~500 μm), deformation twins structure (500~300 μm), nanometer are twin
Crystal structure (300~70 μm), nanocrystalline structure (70~0 μm).Transmission electron microscope (TEM) as the result is shown (such as Fig. 4), stainless steel most table
Layer crystal grain is refined to nanometer scale, electron diffraction analysis show most textura epidermoidea be with martensite it is nanocrystalline be leading two-phase group
It knits, average grain size about 55nm.Surface layer X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing result shows (such as Fig. 5) surface texture with martensitic phase
Based on, being computed Martensite Volume Fraction is (85 ± 5) %.The nearly surface hardness value in cross section is up to 5.8GPa, hardness number with
Increase away from case depth and be gradually reduced, thin hardened layer is about 1.1mm (such as Fig. 6).
Embodiment 2:
Heat 316L austenitic stainless steel cylindrical work, chemical component and original state are the same as embodiment 1.
Equipment: numerically controlled lathe；
Main shaft (processed workpiece) revolving speed V1: 360r/min；
Spherical rolling cutter diameter: 8mm；
Processing passage: 5 times；
Each volume under pressure ap: 40 μm；
Axial feed velocity V2: 9mm/min；
Heating device: air-heater (can 0~600 DEG C of heated perimeter)；
Temperature measuring equipment: K-type thermocouple, digital display temperature measurer；
Treatment temperature: 85 DEG C；
316L austenitic stainless steel shaft-like workpiece handles state after SMRT Surface Nanocrystalline when temperature is at 85 DEG C
Surface smoothness is better than finish turning state (such as Fig. 7).Through 5 passages, treated that cross-sectional morphology group is woven under scanning electron microscope characterizes such as
Shown in Fig. 8,316L stainless steel watch layer tissue is obviously refined, and the gradient refinement layer formd with a thickness of 600 μm.Surface layer XRD knot
Fruit shows (such as Fig. 9) that the two-phase structure that textura epidermoidea is changed into martensitic phase after processing and austenite phase coexists is computed horse
Family name's body volume fraction is (23 ± 5%.
Embodiment 3:
Heat 316L austenitic stainless steel cylindrical work, chemical component and original state are the same as embodiment 1.
Equipment: numerically controlled lathe；
Main shaft (processed workpiece) revolving speed V1: 360r/min；
Spherical rolling cutter diameter: 8mm；
Processing passage: 4 times；
Each volume under pressure ap: 40 μm；
Axial feed velocity V2: 9mm/min；
Heating device: air-heater (can 0~600 DEG C of heated perimeter)；
Temperature measuring equipment: K-type thermocouple, digital display temperature measurer；
Treatment temperature: 175 DEG C；
316L austenitic stainless steel shaft-like workpiece is through 4 passage SMRTs of the temperature at 175 DEG C treated cross-sectional morphology
Group is woven under scanning electron microscope and characterizes as shown in Figure 10, and 316L stainless steel gradient refinement layer thickness has been more than 700 μm, entire gradient knot
Structure includes: deformation coarse structure (800~600 μm), deformation twins structure (600~250 μm), nano-twin crystal structure (250~90
μm), nanocrystalline structure (90~0 μm).TEM and selected area electron diffraction analysis result are as shown in figure 11, and electron diffraction diagram is annular in shape,
Illustrate that textura epidermoidea has been converted to the nanocrystal of orientation random distribution；Through counting, average grain size is about 40nm.Surface layer
XRD result is as shown in figure 12, shows that surface layer is the tissue of full austenite phase, martensitic phase is substantially absent.Gradient-structure table
Hardness is as shown in figure 13 with layer depth distribution situation in layer, the nearly surface hardness value highest of 316L stainless steel after SMRT heats
It is reduced at 1.2mm layer depth suitable with matrix hardness up to 4.6GPa with the increase away from case depth in trend is gradually reduced.
Embodiment 4:
Difference from Example 1 is that workpiece machining surface treatment temperature is different, is computed work at a temperature of different disposal
Martensite content variation in part surface layer is as shown in figure 14.Contain as can be seen that being formed by martensitic phase in gradient nano structure surface layer
Volume fraction control is measured in 0~90% range, and martensitic phase content is reduced with the raising of temperature.When treatment temperature is
At 20-25 DEG C, being formed by martensitic phase content volume score in gradient nano structure surface layer is 80-90%；Work as treatment temperature
When greater than 175 DEG C, being formed by martensitic phase content in gradient nano structure surface layer is zero.
Embodiment 5:
The 304 austenitic stainless steel cylindrical works that diameter is 10mm are handled, chemical component is (mass percent): Si
0.56%, Cr 18.96%, Mn 1.07%, Ni 7.77%, Cu 0.32%, Mo 0.20%, Co 0.24%, V 0.06%,
Fe surplus；
Initial grain size before processing :~150 μm；
Process pre-structure tissue: the annealed state austenite structure containing micro martensitic phase.
Diameter of work: 10mm；
Equipment: numerically controlled lathe；
Main shaft (processed workpiece) revolving speed V1: 360r/min；
Spherical rolling cutter diameter: 8mm；
Processing passage: 2~4 times；
Each volume under pressure ap: 40 μm；
Axial feed velocity V2: 9mm/min；
Heating device: air-heater (can 0~600 DEG C of heated perimeter)；
Temperature measuring equipment: K-type thermocouple, digital display temperature measurer；
Treatment temperature: 22 DEG C and 250 ± 10 DEG C；
Pass through this method 304 austenitic stainless steels that SMRT is handled at 22 DEG C and 250 ± 10 DEG C respectively, workpiece surface
XRD result difference is as shown in figs.Surface layer is the tissue dominated with martensitic phase, horse after SMRT handles 4 passages at 22 DEG C
Family name's body content is (66.3 ± 5) %；At 250 ± 10 DEG C of temperature SMRT handle 2 passages after surface layer martensite content be (17 ±
5) %.Figure 17 is the stereoscan photograph of 304 stainless steel Cross Section Morphology tissues after processing the processing of 2 passages at 250 ± 10 DEG C, crystal grain
Size is gradually refined to the nanometer crystal microstructure on surface layer, about 500 μm of entire gradient refinement layer thickness by 150 μm of original coarse-grain.?
Hardness is as shown in figure 18 with layer depth distribution situation in 304 stainless steel gradient-structure surface layers after 250 ± 10 DEG C of 2 passages of processing processing,
Nearly surface hardness peak is 4.3GPa, and case depth is greater than 1mm.
Comparative example 1
304 austenite stainless steel samples after surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT), although most surface layer can also obtain nanometer
The crystal grain of size, but due to the unstability of 304 stainless steel austenites, lead to the substantially all generation horse of its surface layer austenite structure
The transformation of family name's body.And utilize this method to process 304 austenite stainless steel samples and can control surface layer two-phase structure, acquisition is with martensite
The main or gradient nano structure based on austenite.Gradient nano thickness degree is up to 1000 μm or more prepared by this method, greatly
Greatly more than SMAT sample.In addition, this method processing rear surface is brighter and cleaner, roughness is lower.
Comparative example 2
304 austenitic stainless steels after rolling and bead deeply, surface layer martensite content is respectively 28% and 40%,
Nano-crystalline layers thickness only has several microns.304 austenitic stainless steel gradient nano structures of this method preparation not only can be controlled effectively
It tabulates layer martensite content, deflection is bigger when processing, and deformation layer is thicker, can be further improved the mechanical property of stainless steel.
Comparative example 3
316L austenitic stainless steel obtains gradient nano structure after SMAT, and surface layer is the knot of tissue based on austenite
Structure.Vacuum annealing at different temperatures respectively, martensite content, which rises with annealing temperature from original 15%, rises to 25% (500
DEG C vacuum annealing 10 minutes), occur martensite reverted austenites in 700 DEG C of annealing, content drop to again 5% hereinafter, but crystallite dimension it is bright
It is aobvious to grow up.This method, which is advantageous in that, reduces treatment process, accomplishes still to keep gradient while controlling martensite content
The 316L stainless steel of nanostructure, this method processing can get the surface texture of almost full martensite or austenite, and martensite contains
The control range of amount is bigger, stable structure.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for forming gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and controlling wherein martensite content, special
Sign is: this method is using surface mechanical stitch processing technique and temperature control technique simultaneously to austenitic stainless steel swivel component table
Face is handled, and it is 20~400 DEG C that workpiece surface temperature is controlled in treatment process, becomes the open grain structure of material surface in plasticity
It is changed into gradient nano structure organization under shape effect；The martensite of content needed for being obtained in gradient nano structure surface layer simultaneously
Phase；
The temperature control technique, which refers to, passes through control swivel component surface temperature during the processing of surface mechanical stitch, thus
The transformation amount of original austenite martensitic phase deformation induced in opposite directions is controlled, is contained needed for finally being obtained in gradient nano structure surface layer
The martensitic phase of amount；Martensitic phase content volume Fractional domination is formed by gradient nano structure surface layer in 0~90% range
It is interior, and martensitic phase content is reduced with the raising of temperature；
The surface mechanical stitch processing technique and temperature control technique are realized in the making Nano surface system of processing of controllable temperature,
The system of processing includes rotation system, auto feed system, rolls spherical tool, lubricating system and temperature-controlling system, in which: described
Rotation system and auto feed system realized using lathe, be respectively used to control swivel component rotate along axial direction and into
To movement；The rolling spherical tool and lubricating system are mounted on auto feed system, and rolling spherical tool is equipped with can
In the knife head ball that swivel component surface is rolled；The lubricating system is able to use oily lubricant to swivel component
Finished surface is lubricated, and guarantees that the spherical tool being capable of progressive rolling movement contact on swivel component finished surface；It is described
Temperature-controlling system is for guaranteeing that swivel component surface temperature is maintained in process in required constant range；
The method for forming gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and controlling wherein martensite content, specific mistake
Journey are as follows: starting temperature-controlling system first makes workpiece surface temperature reach setting value, at the set temperature to workpiece surface after preheating
Carry out nanosizing processing；Make swivel component under rotation system driving with speed V1Rotation rolls spherical tool and revolution class
Parts surface contacts and is pressed into certain depth ap, then axial with feed speed V along swivel component2From an end motion of workpiece
To the other end, a passage processing is completed；After repeating the above process several passages, gradient nano is formed on swivel component surface
Structure surface layer, at the same in gradient nano structure surface layer obtain needed for content martensitic phase.
2. according to claim 1 form gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and control wherein martensite
The method of content, it is characterised in that: the austenitic stainless steel is 300 system of AISI at room temperature with austenite original structure
Stainless steel.
3. according to claim 1 form gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and control wherein martensite
The method of content, it is characterised in that: the temperature-controlling system includes heating device, temperature measuring equipment and temperature control equipment；It is described to add
Hot charging is set to air-heater or air pressure gun, is mounted on lathe and by its movement of Machine-Tool Control, heating device connection temperature control equipment；
The temperature measuring equipment is thermocouple, the thermometric end contact Rotating base part finished surface of thermocouple, the other end connection of thermocouple
Temperature control equipment；The heating device heats swivel component finished surface, swivel component surface temperature signal
By thermocouple feedback to temperature control equipment, temperature control equipment regulates and controls swivel component surface according to the temperature information received
Temperature.
4. according to claim 1 form gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and control wherein martensite
The method of content, it is characterised in that: the knife head ball for rolling spherical tool uses WC-Co hard alloy ball or GCr15 steel
Ball, knife head ball diameter are 4~10mm；Swivel component revolving speed V1It is 5 × 103~4 × 104mm/min；Roll spherical tool into
Give speed V2For 6~50mm/min；Knife head ball is in swivel component surface volume under pressure a per passpIt is 10~40 μm；Total processing
Passage is 1~10 time；Workpiece preheating time is 5min.
5. according to claim 1 form gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and control wherein martensite
The method of content, it is characterised in that: the austenitic stainless steel swivel component is through surface mechanical stitch processing technique and temperature control
After technology is handled simultaneously, the original austenite coarse-grain of swivel component is from outward appearance to inner essence changed into nanocrystalline, sub-micron crystal and coarse-grain；
The gradient-structure skin depth that swivel component surface is formed is up to 300~800 μm；Crystallite dimension is less than in gradient-structure surface layer
The skin depth of 100nm is 10~90 μm, and most surface layer grain is having a size of 10~60nm；Entire hardness improve layer with a thickness of 400~
1300μm。
6. according to claim 1 form gradient nano structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and control wherein martensite
The method of content, it is characterised in that: the austenitic stainless steel swivel component is through surface mechanical stitch processing technique and temperature control
After technology is handled simultaneously, swivel component axial dimension does not change, and surface smoothness is good, surface roughness RaLess than 0.2 μ
m。
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| CN108359780B (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2019-08-30 | 西南交通大学 | The method for improving metastable state austenite stainless hardness of steel and anti-stress corrosion performance |
| CN108913854B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-08-14 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Gradient nanostructure with excellent comprehensive high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue performance |
| CN110923430B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-09-10 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method of high-strength and high-plasticity 304 austenitic stainless steel with low martensite content |
| CN113308626B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2022-03-18 | 南京理工大学 | Nickel-based alloy containing gradient nano-structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN113201681B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-04-01 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Oxide-reinforced austenitic stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN114182077A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-15 | 南京理工大学 | Bearing steel with gradient nano structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN115041996B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2023-09-15 | 广东工业大学 | Processing device and processing method for forming plane surface layer with gradient nano structure |
| CN115386691A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-25 | 南京理工大学 | Scratch-resistant stainless steel with gradient nanostructure and preparation method thereof |
| CN115612814A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2023-01-17 | 中山大学 | Method for preparing gradient structure biphase stainless steel based on thermal coupling recrystallization |
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