CN114182077A - Bearing steel with gradient nano structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bearing steel with gradient nano structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114182077A CN114182077A CN202111468532.4A CN202111468532A CN114182077A CN 114182077 A CN114182077 A CN 114182077A CN 202111468532 A CN202111468532 A CN 202111468532A CN 114182077 A CN114182077 A CN 114182077A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 titanium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/03—Amorphous or microcrystalline structure
Abstract
The invention relates to bearing steel with a gradient nano structure and a preparation method thereof. The bearing steel sequentially consists of a nanocrystalline layer, a transition submicron crystalline layer and a coarse crystal core from the outside to the inside; the diameter of the bearing steel is 10-30mm, the grain size of the nanocrystalline layer is 20-40nm, the thickness of the nanocrystalline layer is 2-5 μm, the thickness of the transition layer is 300-350 μm, and the size of the coarse crystal core part is 20-50 μm; the method comprises the steps of (1) preparing martensite coarse-grained bearing steel with a BCC structure; (2) processing the coarse grain bearing steel obtained in the step (1) into a rotating member with the diameter of 10-30 mm; (3) and heating the rotating member to 400-600 ℃, and performing surface rolling treatment to obtain the bearing steel with the gradient nano structure. According to the invention, the bearing steel is treated by adopting the SMRT, so that the surface performance of the bearing steel is improved, the original coarse crystals of the rotary part are converted into the nano-crystals, the sub-micron crystals and the coarse crystals from the surface to the inside, the surface smoothness of the rotary part is good, the surface roughness is small, the friction coefficient and the wear rate are obviously reduced, and the surface of a grinding mark is smoother.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of bearing steel, and particularly relates to bearing steel with a gradient nano structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
A bearing is a mechanical part used to support a shaft and parts on the shaft, maintain the rotational accuracy of the shaft, reduce friction and wear between a rotating shaft and the support, and receive force transmitted from the shaft. The bearing component can be used as a core bearing component of important mechanical equipment in the industrial field, can play roles in reducing friction and ensuring rotation precision, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, ships, weapons, nuclear power, transportation, energy sources, mechanical equipment and the like, and has important significance for national economy. Tribology problems are therefore of great importance in bearings.
CSS-42L is one of the representatives of the 3 rd generation bearing steel, is a high-temperature bearing steel with good corrosion resistance, high reliability, long service life and carburization, has strong competitive advantage compared with the common bearing steel materials in the market, and is widely applied to aeroengine bearings. However, the traditional method for improving the performance of the CSS-42L bearing steel is a surface treatment method such as carburizing, ion implantation, surface texture and the like, and can improve the surface hardness of the bearing steel and simultaneously keep the toughness of a core part so as to meet the service conditions of the bearing steel. If the surface carbon content of the material is increased by a surface carburization technology, a large amount of uniform and fine spherical carbides are generated on a martensite matrix, so that the material is subjected to dispersion strengthening, and the surface hardness of the material is greatly improved; a hard amorphous layer of Cr2C can be formed on the surface of the material by carbon ion implantation, and an amorphous phase and a ceramic phase Cr2C/TiC can be formed on the surface layer of CSS-42L bearing steel by co-implantation of titanium ions and carbon ions, so that the hardness of the material is remarkably improved; tiny grooves are machined on the surface of the bearing steel by a surface texture method, and a lubricant is added into the grooves to improve the wear resistance of the material. However, these processing methods such as carburizing and ion implantation change the internal components of the material, increase the material cost and are not favorable for recycling and sustainable development of the corresponding metal materials; or, for example, the surface texture method can improve the friction reduction by adding a lubricant, but can damage the integrity of the material surface, so that the material is easy to damage, and the service life of the material is reduced.
Due to the limitation of the traditional CSS-42L bearing steel processing method, the material performance, namely the 'materialization' concept, is optimized by regulating and controlling the microstructure of the material on the basis of not changing the components of the CSS-42L bearing steel, and the integrity and the smoothness of the surface of the material are very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for forming a gradient nano-structure surface layer with low friction coefficient and high wear resistance on CSS-42L bearing steel, which improves the result of changing the microstructure of the surface layer to improve the frictional wear performance of the surface layer and overcomes the problems that the surface layer component of the CSS-42L bearing steel is changed and the surface integrity is damaged in the traditional method; the method can obtain the bearing steel material with small surface roughness and high hardness, and obviously reduce the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the bearing steel.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a bearing steel with gradient nano-structure is composed of a nano-crystal layer, a transition sub-micron crystal layer and a coarse crystal core part from the surface to the inside in sequence;
the diameter of the bearing steel is 10-30mm, the grain size of the nanocrystalline layer is 20-40nm, the thickness of the nanocrystalline layer is 2-5 μm, the thickness of the transition layer is 300-350 μm, and the size of the coarse crystal core part is 20-50 μm.
Furthermore, the friction coefficient of the surface of the bearing steel is 0.15-0.2.
Further, the bearing steel is CSS-42L bearing steel.
The preparation method of the bearing steel comprises the following steps:
step (1): preparing martensite coarse-grained bearing steel with a BCC structure;
step (2): processing the coarse grain bearing steel obtained in the step (1) into a rotating member with the diameter of 10-30 mm;
and (3): and heating the rotating member to 400-600 ℃, and performing surface rolling treatment to obtain the bearing steel with the gradient nano structure.
Further, the step (1) is specifically as follows: preserving the temperature of the cast bearing steel for 15-30min in a vacuum environment at 1050-1100 ℃, performing oil cooling quenching, and then annealing for 1-3h in argon atmosphere at 490-560 ℃ to form the BCC-structure coarse-grained bearing steel with the grain size of 20-50 mu m;
further, the step (3) is specifically as follows: the rotating member starts to rotate at the rotating speed V1 of 600-800rpm, and then the rolling tool bit with the diameter of 6-10mm is pressed into the surface of the rotating member rotating at high speed, and the single pressing depth apIs 50-200 μm; the cutter head moves relatively along the axial direction of the rotating member and moves from one end of the rotating member to the other end of the rotating member to finish one pass processing, and the relative movement speed V2 is 5-10 mm/min; and repeating the machining steps, wherein the tool bit advances 50-200 mu m for each time relatively, and the surface deformation of the rotary part after 5-6 times of machining is 200-1000 mu m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
according to the invention, the SMRT is innovatively adopted to treat the bearing steel, so that the surface performance of the bearing steel is improved, and the original coarse crystals of the rotary part are converted into nano-crystals, sub-micron crystals and coarse crystals from the surface to the inside; the thickness of the nano layer formed on the surface of the rotary part is about 2-5 mu m, the surface hardness is as high as 600-.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a processing system for performing a surface rolling process (SMRT) on a CSS-42L bearing steel rotating member in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is an appearance observation of a CSS-42L bearing steel rotor before and after SMRT treatment according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the variation of the hardness of CSS-42L bearing steel with different processing pass gradient nanostructures according to the depth from the surface.
FIG. 5 shows the microstructure and grain size distribution of a CSS-42L bearing steel sample; wherein a is the surface TEM morphology of the GNG (five-pass) sample, b is the metallographic structure of the CG sample, c is the grain size distribution of the CG sample, d is the outermost TEM morphology of the GNG sample and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction pattern, and e is the outermost grain size distribution.
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the friction coefficient of CSS-42L bearing steel with gradient nano structure and coarse crystal structure with the change of sliding time under the load of 10N.
FIG. 7 is a comparison of the wear scar cross-sectional shapes of the gradient nano-structure CSS-42L bearing steel and the coarse-grain structure CSS-42L bearing steel under the load of 10N.
FIG. 8 shows the surface morphology of CSS-42L bearing steel after friction under room temperature dry friction conditions; wherein a is CG sample and b is GNG sample.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
The method of the invention utilizes the plastic deformation process of CSS-42L bearing steel in surface mechanical rolling treatment to generate a gradient nano-structure surface layer, and controls the plastic deformation degree and the thickness of the obtained gradient nano-layer by controlling the feeding amount.
The technical schematic diagram of the surface mechanical rolling treatment is shown in fig. 1-2, a workpiece 4 rotates at a high speed under the control of a lathe, the rotating speed is V1, a rolling cutter head 2 is pressed into the workpiece and moves relatively, the relative moving speed is V2, the surface of the material is subjected to severe plastic deformation through rolling, and the grains are refined to form a gradient nano area 3.
The specific process of forming the gradient nano-structure surface layer on the CSS-42L bearing steel comprises the following two steps: preparing a coarse crystal sample and constructing a gradient nano-structure surface layer on the basis of the coarse crystal sample by an SMRT (simple microwave reverse transcription) technology.
And (3) preserving the heat of the cast CSS-42L bearing steel for 15-30min in a vacuum environment at 1050-.
Processing a coarse-grain CSS-42L bearing steel workpiece into a bar with the diameter of 10-30mm, heating the bar to 400-; then a rolling tool bit with the diameter of 6-10mm is pressed into the surface of the workpiece rotating at high speed, and the single pressing depth apIs 50-200 μm; the tool bit moves relatively along the axial direction of the workpiece and moves from one end of the workpieceAnd finishing one pass processing treatment at the other end, wherein the relative movement speed V2 is 5-10 mm/min. And repeating the machining steps, wherein the tool bit advances 50-200 mu m for each time relatively to the previous time, and the surface deformation of the workpiece after 5-6 times of machining is 200-1000 mu m. The CSS-42L bearing steel after rolling is shown in FIG. 3.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the gradient nano structure is prepared on the surface of a CSS-42L bearing steel cylindrical workpiece with the diameter of 10-30mm to reduce the friction wear of the CSS-42L bearing steel, and the chemical components are as follows (mass percent): 0.164 percent of C, 0.545 percent of V, 0.715 percent of Si, 2.33 percent of Ni, 5.57 percent of Mo, 13 percent of Cr, 13.48 percent of Co and the balance of Fe;
the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature for 15-30min under the vacuum environment of 1050-.
Coarse CSS-42L bearing steel crystal structure: body Centered Cubic (BCC);
coarse grain CSS-42L bearing steel grain size before processing: about 20-50 μm;
equipment: a numerically controlled lathe;
the technological parameters are as follows: main shaft rotation speed V1: 600-; diameter of the spherical rolling cutter: 6-10 mm; treatment pass: 1-6 times; amount of depression a at a timep: 50-200 μm; axial feed speed V2: 6 mm/min; processing temperature: 400 ℃ and 600 ℃.
The surface finish of the treated sample of this example was better than that of the finish turned, as shown in FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 5, after 5-pass treatment, the crystal grain size of the outermost layer is 20-40nm, the thickness of the nanocrystalline layer is 2-5 μm, and the crystal grain size from the surface to the inside is transited from nanocrystalline to the core part with about 30 μm.
The frictional wear properties of the samples were obtained in a ball-and-disc contact mode reciprocating sliding test using the following test conditions: the grinding pair is an Al2O3 ball, and the method comprises the steps of dry friction, room temperature, load of 10N, sliding speed of 4mm/s, sliding stroke of 2mm and sliding time of 30 min.
In this example, the friction coefficient of the gradient nanostructure CSS-42L bearing steel was 0.15 at the initial stage of 5 passes, as shown in FIG. 6. After 1000s of reciprocating friction, the friction coefficient of the bearing steel is increased suddenly to be consistent with the coarse crystal state.
Comparative example 1
In example 1, the gradient nanostructure CSS-42L bearing steel has a coefficient of friction of 0.18 when sliding under a load of 10N, while the coarse structure CSS-42L bearing steel has a coefficient of friction of 0.64, and the coefficient of friction is greatly reduced, as shown in FIG. 5. After a load of 10N and sliding for 1800 weeks (30min), the gradient nanostructure CSS-42L bearing steel has significantly lower wear than the macrocrystalline CSS-42L bearing steel, as shown in FIG. 7. After the coarse-grain CSS-42L bearing steel is rubbed, the surface of the coarse-grain CSS-42L bearing steel is obviously oxidized and abraded and only the gradient nano-structure CSS-42L bearing steel is abraded by abrasive particles, so that the surface of the gradient nano-structure CSS-42L bearing steel after being rubbed is smooth and the wear resistance is improved, as shown in figure 8.
Claims (6)
1. A bearing steel with gradient nano-structure is characterized in that the bearing steel sequentially consists of a nano-crystal layer, a transition submicron crystal layer and a coarse crystal core from the surface to the inside;
the diameter of the bearing steel is 10-30mm, the grain size of the nanocrystalline layer is 20-40nm, the thickness of the nanocrystalline layer is 2-5 μm, the thickness of the transition layer is 300-350 μm, and the size of the coarse crystal core part is 20-50 μm.
2. The bearing steel according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the bearing steel has a friction coefficient of 0.15 to 0.2.
3. Bearing steel according to claim 2, wherein the bearing steel is CSS-42L bearing steel.
4. A method of producing a bearing steel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
step (1): preparing martensite coarse-grained bearing steel with a BCC structure;
step (2): processing the coarse grain bearing steel obtained in the step (1) into a rotating member with the diameter of 10-30 mm;
and (3): and heating the rotating member to 400-600 ℃, and performing surface rolling treatment to obtain the bearing steel with the gradient nano structure.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein step (1) is specifically: preserving the temperature of the cast bearing steel for 15-30min in a vacuum environment at 1050-1100 ℃, performing oil cooling quenching, and then annealing for 1-3h in argon atmosphere at 490-560 ℃ to form the BCC-structure coarse-grained bearing steel with the grain size of 20-50 mu m;
6. the method according to claim 4, wherein step (3) is specifically: the rotating member starts to rotate at the rotating speed V1 of 600-800rpm, and then the rolling tool bit with the diameter of 6-10mm is pressed into the surface of the rotating member rotating at high speed, and the single pressing depth apIs 50-200 μm; the cutter head moves relatively along the axial direction of the rotating member and moves from one end of the rotating member to the other end of the rotating member to finish one pass processing, and the relative movement speed V2 is 5-10 mm/min; and repeating the machining steps, wherein the tool bit advances 50-200 mu m for each time relatively, and the surface deformation of the rotary part after 5-6 times of machining is 200-1000 mu m.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102643966A (en) * | 2012-04-10 | 2012-08-22 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for forming nanometer gradient structure on surface layer of shaft metallic material |
| CN106086344A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-11-09 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of metal material roller type method for making Nano surface |
| CN106319177A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-01-11 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for forming gradient nano-structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and controlling content of martensite in gradient nano-structure surface layer |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102643966A (en) * | 2012-04-10 | 2012-08-22 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for forming nanometer gradient structure on surface layer of shaft metallic material |
| CN106319177A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-01-11 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for forming gradient nano-structure surface layer on austenitic stainless steel and controlling content of martensite in gradient nano-structure surface layer |
| CN106086344A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-11-09 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of metal material roller type method for making Nano surface |
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