CN106086344A - A kind of metal material roller type method for making Nano surface - Google Patents
A kind of metal material roller type method for making Nano surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN106086344A CN106086344A CN201610601605.5A CN201610601605A CN106086344A CN 106086344 A CN106086344 A CN 106086344A CN 201610601605 A CN201610601605 A CN 201610601605A CN 106086344 A CN106086344 A CN 106086344A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/03—Amorphous or microcrystalline structure
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Abstract
A kind of method that the invention discloses metal material roller type making Nano surface, belongs to making Nano surface of metal material technical field.The method uses roller type making Nano surface system of processing to process metal material revolving meber, metal material surface produces post deformation failure deformation under the controlled rolling effect of roller, so that material surface produces gradient structure refinement layer, gradient structure refinement layer degree of depth maximum is changed into nanocrystalline structure up to 800 μm, the organizational structure on top layer by coarse structure.After roller type Surface Nanocrystalline, metal material surface fineness has the lifting of different amplitude, and surface hardness changes the most in gradient, and superficial hardness number significantly improves than matrix hardness value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to making Nano surface of metal material technical field, be specifically related to a kind of metal material roller type surface and receive
Riceization method.
Background technology
The principal mode that engineering metal material and device destroy under usage environment includes fatigue failure, corrosion failure and mill
Loss effect etc., and these inefficacies are directly related with the surface microstructure of material and performance.Therefore, metal material and device are improved
Surface property will be greatly promoted its usage behavior and service life.The method of existing raising metal material surface characteristics is mainly wrapped
Include surface deposition coating, surface alloying, surface mechanical treatment etc..Surface deposition coating process is to utilize vapour deposition or spraying
The coating with property is prepared at metal material surface, to adapt to the Service Environment of complexity etc. method.But, the method
There is the problem that combines between coating and matrix, often occur to crack between coating and matrix in harsh usage environment
Even disbonding, is substantially reduced the service life of material.Surface alloying is to utilize the technology such as carburizing, aluminising, nitriding to change
Metal material surface phase structure and performance, the method preparing alloying layer on surface.The method has high energy consumption, technological process
The features such as complexity, generally require higher temperature and process time, and have a certain degree of pollution to environment.At the machinery of surface
Reason method mainly includes shot-peening, deep rolling, ultrasonic machinery shock surface strengthening, laser impact intensified, surface mechanical attrition treatment
(SMAT) etc..Shot-peening, deep rolling, ultrasonic machinery shock surface strengthening and the method such as laser impact intensified can improve metal material
Case hardness, and the residual compressive stress layer of certain depth is obtained on its surface, it will be effectively improved the fatigue behaviour of metal material.
But, the limited extent that metal material surface hardness is promoted by said method, and Residual stress of superficial layer is during usage
Easily release, this will be substantially reduced strengthening effect.SMAT, as a kind of method for making Nano surface, can obtain at metal material surface
The nanostructured layers of certain depth, improves the performance of metal material.But, SMAT treatment effeciency is limited, and metal material warp
After SMAT processes, surface roughness Ra dramatically increases, and which has limited the application of SMAT making Nano surface technology.
Therefore, need a kind of novel surface nanocrystallization technology badly, produce gradient nano structure on metal material revolving meber surface
Layer, and the thickness of gradient nano structure sheaf is controlled；After treatment, the roughness Ra value on metal material revolving meber surface reduces,
Surface smoothness has improvement in various degree, metal material surface hardness significantly to promote, to realize the effect of strengthening.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method that it is an object of the invention to provide metal material roller type making Nano surface, the method can be to metal material
Material revolving meber carries out Surface Nanocrystalline.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of method of metal material roller type making Nano surface, the method uses roller type making Nano surface system of processing
Metal material revolving meber is carried out Surface Nanocrystalline, makes metal material surface produce in roller type making Nano surface system of processing
Post deformation failure deformation is produced, so that the organizational structure on material top layer is changed into by coarse structure under raw controlled rolling effect
Nanocrystalline structure.
Described metal material is mild steel, austenitic stainless steel or quenched steel alloy.
Described roller type making Nano surface system of processing includes roller type making Nano surface process tool, cooling and lubricating system
And automatic displacement system；Wherein: described roller type making Nano surface process tool includes roller, support shaft and support handle of a knife, institute
Stating roller and metal material surface can carry out rolling process, roller fixed cover is loaded on the centre of support shaft；Described support
The two ends of axle are connected to support on handle of a knife, and can rotate relative to supporting handle of a knife；Described cooling and lubricating system by lubricant passage way and
Oil supply system forms, and described lubricant passage way is opened in support handle of a knife, and oil supply system passes through lubricant passage way at making Nano surface
Lubrication and cooling effect are provided during reason；Described automatic displacement system is made up of knife rest and tailstock, and described support handle of a knife is fixed
On knife rest, described metal material revolving meber passes through tailstock clamping.
Described Surface Nanocrystalline process is: metal material revolving meber is with linear velocity v1While rotation, by controlling
Knife rest displacement makes the roller end face press-in revolving meber surface certain depth Δ x of roller type making Nano surface process tool, then cutter
Frame along revolving meber axially with speed v2It is fed to preseting length and i.e. completes time processing, repeat said process n time, process every time
In preseting length, Δ x keeps fixing；In the course of processing, cooling and lubricating system pair roller, support shaft and roller contact with revolving meber
Region is lubricated.
During described Surface Nanocrystalline, linear velocity v that described metal material revolving meber rotates1It is 1.0 × 104mm/
min-5.0×104Mm/min, described roller end face press-in revolving meber case depth Δ x is 20-250 μm, and described knife rest is along revolution
The speed v of part axial feed2It is 5.0 × 10-3mm/r-5.0×10-2Mm/r, described processing frequency n is 1-10.
The roller material of described roller type making Nano surface process tool is GCr15, WC/Co or high-speed steel, roller diameter
For 10-50mm, the outer peripheral end face of roller is processed into arc, a diameter of 4-10mm of this curved end.
Described metal material revolving meber, after Surface Nanocrystalline, produces gradient structure refinement knot on revolving meber surface
Structure layer, layer depth is 200-800 μm；The microhardness from outward appearance to inner essence distribution gradient state of this gradient structure refinement structure sheaf,
Surface layer microhardness value 18%-230% higher than matrix.Described gradient structure refinement structure sheaf organizational structure from outward appearance to inner essence is successively
It is refined as below 50nm for nanocrystalline, sub-micron crystal and micron order coarse-grain, surface layer grain size；Surface roughness has different width
The lifting of degree, the surface smoothness Ra minimum on top layer reaches below 0.10 μm.
The present invention has the advantage that compared with the method for existing raising metal material surface characteristics
(1) implementation is simple, and cost is relatively low, can be at roller type making Nano surface system of processing enterprising row metal material
Making Nano surface is processed.And the method technical process of surface alloying is more complicated, generally require high temperature, the condition such as long-time,
Therefore, after surface alloying processes, the organizational structure of matrix and performance are susceptible to change.
(2) metal material surface through roller type making Nano surface is gradient-structure, the most nanocrystalline,
Sub-micron crystal, micron order coarse-grain, surface structure and inner base are without sharp interface, the problem that there is not binding ability difference.And table
Obvious interface is had, during harsh usage easily between face coat and matrix that the mode of face deposition coating is prepared
There is to crack between coating and matrix the phenomenon of even disbonding.
(3) with shot-peening, deep rolling, ultrasonic machinery shock surface strengthening, the surface mechanical processing method such as laser impact intensified
Comparing, metal material reaches nanoscale through roller type Surface Nanocrystalline rear surface crystallite dimension, it is thus achieved that surface graded knot
The degree of depth of structure layer is bigger, and it is higher that case hardness promotes amplitude.And surface graded nanostructured layers can effectively stop fatigue process
In Fatigue crack initiation, substantially improve the fatigue behaviour of metal material.Compared with SMAT, metal material is through roller type
After Surface Nanocrystalline, surface smoothness has a certain degree of lifting, Ra minimum up to 0.10 μm below.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is metal material roller type making Nano surface principle schematic；Wherein: figure (a) is roller type making Nano surface
Schematic diagram, figure (b) is the zoomed-in view (part) of figure (a), and figure (c) is the right pseudosection (part) of figure (a).
In figure: 1-metal material revolving meber；2-roller type making Nano surface process tool；3-roller；4-support shaft；5-props up
Support handle of a knife；6-tailstock chuck；7-tailstock center；8-lubricant passage way；9-knife rest；10-gradient structure refinement structure sheaf.
Fig. 2 is 316L austenitic stainless steel transverse section, top layer microstructure photo after roller type Surface Nanocrystalline.
Fig. 3 is that 316L austenitic stainless steel is composed through roller type Surface Nanocrystalline rear surface XRD figure.
Fig. 4 is 316L austenitic stainless steel transverse section, top layer microhardness and degree of depth after roller type Surface Nanocrystalline
Between relation.
Fig. 5 is IF steel transverse section, top layer microstructure photo after roller type Surface Nanocrystalline.
Fig. 6 is that IF steel is composed through roller type Surface Nanocrystalline rear surface XRD figure.
Fig. 7 is IF steel relation after roller type Surface Nanocrystalline between transverse section, top layer microhardness and the degree of depth.
Fig. 8 is 42CrMoA quenched and tempered steel transverse section, top layer microstructure photo after roller type Surface Nanocrystalline.
Fig. 9 is that 42CrMoA quenched and tempered steel is composed through roller type Surface Nanocrystalline rear surface XRD figure.
Figure 10 be 42CrMoA quenched and tempered steel after roller type Surface Nanocrystalline transverse section, top layer microhardness and the degree of depth it
Between relation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention proposes a kind of method of metal material roller type making Nano surface, and the method can be to metal material revolving meber
Carrying out Surface Nanocrystalline, metal material surface produces post deformation failure deformation under the controlled rolling effect of roller, so that
Revolving meber surface produces gradient structure refinement structure sheaf, the organizational structure on top layer and is changed into nanocrystalline structure by coarse structure,
Its principle schematic is as shown in Figure 1.Wherein: described Surface Nanocrystalline is real in roller type making Nano surface system of processing
Existing, as it is shown in figure 1, this making Nano surface system of processing by roller type making Nano surface process tool 2, cooling and lubricating system and
Automatic displacement system forms.Described roller type making Nano surface process tool 2 is made up of roller 3, support shaft 4 and support handle of a knife 5,
The centre of support shaft 4 is fixed and be set in roller 3, and the two ends of support shaft 4 are connected to support on handle of a knife 5, and can be relative to
Support handle of a knife 5 freely rotatable.Described cooling and lubricating system is made up of lubricant passage way 8 and oil supply system, and described lubricant passage way 8 is offered
In supporting handle of a knife 5, oil supply system realizes Surface Nanocrystalline process provides lubrication and cooling make by lubricant passage way 8
With.Described automatic displacement system is made up of knife rest 9 and tailstock, and described tailstock includes tailstock chuck 6 and tailstock center 7.Described rolling
The support handle of a knife 5 of wheeled making Nano surface process tool 2 is fixed on knife rest 9.Described metal material revolving meber 1 is filled by tailstock
Folder, one end of the most described metal material revolving meber 1 is fixed on tailstock chuck 6, and the other end is withstood by tailstock center 7, by control
The motion of tailstock chuck 6 processed realizes the rotation of metal material revolving meber.Making Nano surface processing cutter is realized by the feeding of knife rest 9
The axially-movable of tool 2.
The specific implementation process of the inventive method is as follows:
Roller material selection GCr15, WC/Co of roller type making Nano surface process tool 2 or high-speed steel, roller 3 diameter
For 10-50mm, the outer peripheral end face of roller is processed into arc, and (end face diameter refers to and arc a diameter of 4-10mm of this curved end
The diameter of a circle that shape end face is corresponding).Metal material revolving meber 1 initial surface is the state of turnery processing.Use tailstock by gold
Belong to material revolving meber 1 clamping in roller type making Nano surface system of processing.Roller type making Nano surface process tool 2 is installed
On knife rest 9, the course of processing and walking path are carried out program editing.Open cooling and lubricating system, start metal material is returned
Turn part 1 and carry out roller type making Nano surface processing.Metal material revolving meber 1 is with linear velocity v1(1.0×104mm/min-5.0×
104Mm/min), while rotating, moved by knife rest 9 and make roller 3 end face of roller type making Nano surface process tool 2 be pressed into
Revolving meber 1 surface certain depth Δ x (20-250 μm), then knife rest 9 is axial with speed v along revolving meber 12(5.0×10-3mm/r-
5.0×10-2Mm/r) it is fed to preseting length and i.e. completes time processing, repeat said process n (1-10) secondary, each processing length
Interior Δ x keeps fixing；In the course of processing, cooling and lubricating system pair roller 3, support shaft 4 and roller 3 and revolving meber 1 contact area
Cool down and lubricate.
After above-mentioned rollers formula making Nano surface is processed, metal material revolving meber 1 surface roughness has different amplitude
Promote；Surface grain size is refined as below 50nm, and surface produces gradient structure refinement structure sheaf 10, and layer depth is 200-800 μm；
Surface layer microhardness from outward appearance to inner essence distribution gradient state, surface layer microhardness value 18%-230% higher than matrix, finally real
Show the roller type making Nano surface of metal material 1.
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment selects 316L austenitic stainless steel as object, and its chemical composition is (wt.%): C 0.03%, Si
0.03%, Mn 1.01%, S 0.016%, P 0.042%, Cr 16.72%, Mo 2.12%, Ni 10.7%, Fe surplus.
The supply of material state of 316L austenitic stainless steel is annealed state, a diameter of 10mm of coupon.Coupon surface is the state of turnery processing.
The roller type method for making Nano surface using the present invention carries out making Nano surface processing to 316L austenitic stainless steel.
The roller material selection GCr15 of roller type making Nano surface process tool, roller diameter selects 30mm, the choosing of roller 3 end face diameter
Use 10mm.316L austenitic stainless steel coupon rotary speed v1=1.7 × 104mm/min；Roller type making Nano surface process tool
Feed speed v2=5 × 10-3mm/r；Depth delta x on roller end portions press-in 316L austenitic stainless steel surface1=100 μm, Δ x2
=200 μm, Δ x3=200 μm.
Test result indicate that, after the roller type method for making Nano surface of the present invention is processed, 316L austenitic stainless steel
Surface roughness Ra is 0.07 μm, and top layer occurs that gradient structure refines structure, and its thickness is 900 μm (Fig. 2).X shown in Fig. 3 penetrates
Line diffraction width fractional analysis result shows, 316L austenitic stainless steel surface layer grain size is refined as 12nm.Along with surface distance
Increase, crystallite dimension is gradually increased to micron order (Fig. 2).After roller type method for making Nano surface is processed, 316L austenite
The microhardness from outward appearance to inner essence distribution gradient (Fig. 4) of transverse section, rustless steel top layer, the microhardness on top layer are 4.4GPa, with
The increase with surface distance, microhardness is gradually lowered, and when being 900 μm with surface distance, microhardness is reduced to coarse-grain
The hardness (1.8GPa) of matrix.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment selects IF steel as object, and its chemical composition is (wt.%): C 0.04%, Si 0.04%, Mn
0.29%, S 0.003%, P 0.04%, Ti 0.01%, Ni 0.02%, Cu 0.03%, Al 0.03%, Fe surplus.IF steel
Supply of material state be annealed state, a diameter of 20mm of coupon.Coupon surface is the state of turnery processing.
The roller type method for making Nano surface using the present invention carries out making Nano surface processing to IF steel.Roller type surface is received
The roller material selection GCr15 of riceization process tool, roller diameter selects 30mm, roller 3 end face diameter selection 10mm.IF steel tries
Rod rotary speed v1=1.7 × 104mm/min；Roller type making Nano surface process tool feed speed v2=7 × 10-3mm/r；Rolling
Depth delta x on wheel end press-in IF steel surface1=25 μm, Δ x2=25 μm, Δ x3=50 μm.
Test result indicate that, after the roller type method for making Nano surface of the present invention is processed, there is gradient in IF steel top layer
Structure refinement structure, its thickness is 700 μm (Fig. 5).X-ray diffraction width fractional analysis result shown in Fig. 6 shows, IF steel top layer is brilliant
Particle size is refined as 19nm.Along with the increase with surface distance, crystallite dimension is gradually increased to micron order (Fig. 5).Through roller type
After method for making Nano surface processing, the microhardness from outward appearance to inner essence distribution gradient (Fig. 7) of transverse section, IF steel top layer, top layer
Microhardness is 3.0GPa, and along with the increase with surface distance, microhardness is gradually lowered, when being 800 μm with surface distance,
Microhardness is reduced to the hardness (0.9GPa) of coarse-grain matrix.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment selects 42CrMoA quenched and tempered steel as object, and its chemical composition is (wt.%): C 0.41%, Si
0.23%, Mn 0.75%, S 0.024%, P 0.015%, Cr 1.12%, Mo 0.22%, Cu 0.02%, Fe surplus.
The supply of material state of 42CrMoA quenched and tempered steel is quenched and tempered state (carry out successively quenching, high tempering processes and Ageing Treatment), the diameter of coupon
For 20mm.Coupon surface is the state of turnery processing.
The roller type method for making Nano surface using the present invention carries out making Nano surface processing to 42CrMoA quenched and tempered steel.Rolling
The roller material selection GCr15 of wheeled making Nano surface process tool, roller diameter selects 30mm, the selection of roller 3 end face diameter
10mm.42CrMoA quenched and tempered steel coupon rotary speed v1=1.9 × 104mm/min；Roller type making Nano surface process tool feeding
Speed v2=6 × 10-3mm/r；Depth delta x on roller end portions press-in 42CrMoA quenched and tempered steel surface1=50 μm, Δ x2=100 μm,
Δx3=100 μm.
Test result indicate that, after the roller type method for making Nano surface of the present invention is processed, 42CrMoA quenched and tempered steel top layer
Gradient structure refinement structure occur, its thickness is 200 μm (Fig. 8).X-ray diffraction width fractional analysis result shown in Fig. 9 shows,
42CrMoA quenched and tempered steel surface layer grain size is refined as 11nm.Along with the increase with surface distance, crystallite dimension is gradually increased to micro-
Meter level (Fig. 8).After roller type method for making Nano surface is processed, the microhardness of transverse section, 42CrMoA quenched and tempered steel top layer is by table
And inner distribution gradient (Figure 10), the microhardness on top layer is 3.3GPa, along with the increase with surface distance, microhardness by
Gradually reducing, when being 200 μm with surface distance, microhardness is reduced to the hardness (2.8GPa) of coarse-grain matrix.
Claims (8)
1. the method for a metal material roller type making Nano surface, it is characterised in that: the method uses roller type nano surface
Change system of processing and metal material revolving meber is carried out Surface Nanocrystalline, make metal material surface at roller type making Nano surface
Post deformation failure deformation is produced, so that the organizational structure on material top layer is by coarse-grain under the controlled rolling effect that system of processing produces
Structural transformation is nanocrystalline structure.
The method of metal material roller type making Nano surface the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described metal material
Material is mild steel, austenitic stainless steel or quenched steel alloy.
The method of metal material roller type making Nano surface the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described roller type
Making Nano surface system of processing includes roller type making Nano surface process tool, cooling and lubricating system and automatic displacement system；Its
In: described roller type making Nano surface process tool includes roller, support shaft and support handle of a knife, and described roller can be to metal material
Material surface carries out rolling process, and roller fixed cover is loaded on the centre of support shaft；The two ends of described support shaft are connected to support
On handle of a knife, and can rotate relative to supporting handle of a knife；Described cooling and lubricating system is made up of lubricant passage way and oil supply system, described profit
Lubricating oil road is opened in support handle of a knife, and oil supply system is provided during Surface Nanocrystalline by lubricant passage way and lubricates and cold
But act on；Described automatic displacement system is made up of knife rest and tailstock, and described support handle of a knife is fixed on knife rest, described metal material
Revolving meber passes through tailstock clamping.
The method of metal material roller type making Nano surface the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described surface is received
Riceization processing procedure is: metal material revolving meber is with linear velocity v1While rotation, make roller type table by controlling knife rest displacement
Face nanorize process tool roller end face press-in revolving meber surface certain depth Δ x, then knife rest along revolving meber axially with speed
Degree v2Being fed to preseting length and i.e. complete time processing, repeat said process n time, in the preseting length of processing, Δ x keeps every time
Fixing；In the course of processing, cooling and lubricating system pair roller, support shaft and roller are lubricated with revolving meber contact area.
The method of metal material roller type making Nano surface the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described surface is received
In riceization processing procedure, linear velocity v that described metal material revolving meber rotates1It is 1.0 × 104mm/min-5.0×104mm/
Min, described roller end face press-in revolving meber case depth Δ x is 20-250 μm, and described knife rest is along the speed of revolving meber axial feed
Degree v2It is 5.0 × 10-3mm/r-5.0×10-2Mm/r, described processing frequency n is 1-10.
The method of metal material roller type making Nano surface the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described roller type
The roller material of making Nano surface process tool is GCr15, WC/Co or high-speed steel, and roller diameter is 10-50mm, roller end face
It is processed into arc, a diameter of 4-10mm of this curved end.
The method of metal material roller type making Nano surface the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described metal material
Material revolving meber, after Surface Nanocrystalline, produces gradient structure refinement structure sheaf on revolving meber surface, and layer depth is 200-800
μm；The microhardness from outward appearance to inner essence distribution gradient state of this gradient structure refinement structure sheaf, surface layer microhardness value compares base
Height 18%-230%.
The method of metal material roller type making Nano surface the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: described gradient group
Knit refinement structure sheaf organizational structure from outward appearance to inner essence and be followed successively by nanocrystalline, sub-micron crystal and micron order coarse-grain, surface layer grain chi
Very little it is refined as below 50nm；The surface smoothness Ra minimum on top layer reaches below 0.10 μm.
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| CN109423543A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-05 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of Treatment of Metal Surface propellers and its processing unit and processing method |
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